home Endocrinology Partial secondary adentia. classification. What is adentia, how to treat partial and complete absence of teeth in children and adults

Partial secondary adentia. classification. What is adentia, how to treat partial and complete absence of teeth in children and adults

In dentistry, there are a lot of diseases that can not only cause a lot of discomfort, but also significantly worsen appearance. One of these pathologies is adentia.

The disease is characterized by the absence of teeth, depending on the form, it can be a partial or complete loss of them. Only a specialist can diagnose the form of a violation. In this case, an examination, palpation examination, orthopantomography and targeted intraoral radiography are carried out.

In the treatment of adentia, most often rational is carried out using full and partial and, or.

Adentia, in which there is a complete congenital loss of teeth, is quite rare, a partial form of pathology develops a little more often. Against this background, there is a change in the social behavior of a person and psychological maladjustment.

Classification of missing teeth

In dentistry, primary, that is, congenital, and secondary, otherwise acquired adentia, are distinguished. It depends on the time and causes of the disease. In addition, there is adentia of permanent and temporary teeth.

True congenital pathology diagnosed when there is no tooth germ. At the same time, a complex form of the disease is characterized by a delay in and fusion of adjacent crowns.

Adentia comes in the following forms:

Extremely rare in patients primary form of violation, which is a consequence of developmental disorders at the stage of the embryo. In this case, the fetus may partially or completely lack tooth germs.
Secondary the form of the disease is typical for people in old age and is a consequence of tooth decay due to diseases or mechanical trauma.
Complete the absence of teeth is a rather rare occurrence, but if installation is required on both jaws, then specialists often remove all remaining teeth.
The most common form is partial adentia, it is observed in all children during the period of change of milk teeth and in adults in case of neglect of the rules of hygiene oral cavity. Also, in the absence of prevention and timely treatment.

The diagnosis of partial or complete adentia depends on the number of missing teeth. In this case, the latter is characterized by a complete loss, and in case of partial individual or group loss of up to 10 teeth. If the volume is over 10, then the multiple form is diagnosed. When up to 15 teeth fall out on one jaw, a partial secondary form of the disease is noted.

In medicine, secondary partial adentia also has several classes:

the first is characterized by the presence of a bilateral end defect;
in the second, a one-sided end defect is observed;
in the third case, there is a one-sided included defect;
the fourth class is diagnosed in the case of a frontal included defect, which is characterized by the absence of front teeth.

Often classes and subclasses are combined. In addition to the above classes, asymmetric and symmetrical loss of teeth is noted.

Causes and provoking factors

It is very difficult to name the exact cause of the development of the disease, since the disease has not been fully studied to date. There is a version that the origin of the pathology begins even during the formation of the fetus, in fact, at this moment, the formation of the roots of the teeth and the violation of the development of the ectodermal layer occur.

There are cases when adentia appears on the background of intrauterine diseases endocrine system and hereditary factors.

A secondary form of the disease occurs much more often, and it can manifest itself in several ways. According to statistics, tooth loss can be provoked by:

development and lack of treatment;
untimely or complete lack of treatment of other diseases responsible for the destruction of the dentition (most often And);
pathologies that contribute to the general deterioration of the human condition and reorganization of the body;
often the reason is age factor, despite the fact that by the age of 60 many people have a lot of health problems, including teeth suffer;
most common mechanical factor, so tooth loss can be triggered by a strong blow;
and of course, important role plays hereditary factor.

Features of symptoms depending on the form

Diagnosing the development of an anomaly on your own is quite simple, since it is simply impossible not to notice the loss of teeth. In addition to the visual characteristic picture, wrinkles in the oral cavity, as well as gaps between them, can also be noted.

If the teeth fall out in front, then in the future there may be a drop in the cheek and upper lip. Also, the development of pathology can cause serious problems with speech.

In general, each form of adentia has its own symptoms, so the following clinical picture is noted:

At partial form, several teeth are missing, while chewing is disturbed, appear discomfort, problems with speech, problems with biting and chewing food, and there is an active splashing of saliva.
At complete form of the disease, all teeth are missing. At the same time, a change in the shape of the face is observed, a whole network of wrinkles appears around the mouth, and a change in speech is also noted. There is also thinning bone tissue and the patient has to give up solid food, and this leads to a lack of vitamins in the body.
Currently, dentists also highlight relative complete adentia, with it, some teeth remain in place, but are subject to complete removal due to severe damage to the common row.
Complete primary the form is characterized by a violation in the work of the mucosa. On at full form diseases, even the rudiments of teeth are not visible. If some teeth erupt, then between them there are large gaps. Often a symptom of this form is the formation of an uncut tooth hidden in the jawbone or covered by the gum.
Secondary manifested by loss, both partial and complete. At the same time, a change in the skeleton of the face is observed, problems appear when chewing and biting off food. The secondary form is accompanied by a deterioration in diction. If partial adentia is observed, then the remaining teeth begin to shift, bone tissue is depleted, and discomfort appears when eating too cold or hot food.

Diagnostic criteria

Adentia is enough serious problem and diagnose this pathology only specialists can, using for this modern methods. Therapists, surgeons, orthopedists, implantologists, orthodontists and periodontists.

Diagnosis requires anamnesis, examination by a specialist, palpation examination and comparison of dental and chronological age.

If there is a local defect at the moment when the period for eruption has already expired, specialists resort to targeted intraoral radiography.

In case of suspicion of a multiple or complete form, orthopantomography is performed or. Also, if necessary, the patient undergoes computed tomography temporomandibular joint or radiography.

Modern Dental Practice

In order to cure a partial form of adentia, specialists use and.

Prosthetics is the main method of correcting the dentition. This method is used when one tooth is missing. If there is a loss of several, then the procedure is much more difficult. In this case, one or another orthopedic design is already used.

The method of prosthetics is also used in the complete absence of teeth. In this case, both fixed and removable models of prostheses are also used. If the first option is used, then immediately before the procedure, installation is required, which will perform the function of a kind of support.

Removable plastic plates are used for complete secondary edentulous. This method of correction is often used for people from older age group. The use of plates is quite convenient, because they can be removed and cleaned. Prosthetics can also be carried out for children from the age of four, but this can provoke disturbances in the development of bone tissue.

In some cases, some difficulties may be observed. For example, in case of violations in the development of bone tissue, fixation for the prosthesis will be insufficient. In addition, some patients have an allergic reaction to the materials that are used during prosthetics. In such cases, a modern one is used.

With adentia of twos, braces are initially installed to form a place for the implant

Currently, there are several methods:

Classical two-stage implantation- This is a method that is used for partial and complete loss of teeth. The procedure is possible even if the teeth have been missing for a long time. In this case, it may be necessary to build up bone tissue, restore it for several months, and then temporary implantation is carried out. Only after the implants have taken root, a permanent structure is installed. This method has been around for quite some time.
If mobile or destroyed teeth are observed, then it is applied. But this procedure not possible in all cases, it may require a month of treatment before it.
Express implantation involves the use of a whole range of technologies for the restoration of teeth. In this case, implants are used. Often used this method with a complete form of adentia. Since it is possible to install the implant at an angle, this makes it possible to bypass atrophied areas of bone tissue and fix the structure as reliably as possible. But, despite the low level of trauma, a permanent implant cannot be installed immediately, for a start it is used temporary bridge for 2 or 3 years and only after that permanent, which has reliability and aesthetics.
Despite being inferior to the previous methods, it has its advantages. This option is used to removable design attached more securely. In this case, thin and small unilateral implants are used, the fixation of which occurs by puncturing tissues, the level of trauma in this case is minimal. Over time, subsidence of prostheses occurs, so their service life does not exceed 10 years.

Preventive actions

To avoid the development of adentia in children, first of all, favorable conditions at the embryonic stage. In addition, it is important to ensure that the deadlines are not extended. To detect pathology in early stage You need to visit the dentist at least once every six months.

To avoid the development of a secondary form of a violation, a constant examination by a specialist and compliance with all hygiene standards are also required. With partial loss of teeth, prosthetics are necessary, such a measure will stop tooth loss in the future.

The medical term "adentia" refers to the complete or partial absence of teeth and their rudiments in a child.

Causes of adentia in children

Despite the fact that the study of adentia has not yet been completed, it is generally accepted that the etiological factor in its occurrence is the presence of inflammatory processes, common diseases, hereditary predisposition.

Among other things, deviations during the formation of tooth germs can occur due to the pathology of the endocrine system.

Parents should carefully monitor the health of their children, because dental pathology, combined with untimely diagnosis or unscrupulous treatment, can lead to disastrous consequences, even loss permanent teeth.

Symptoms of adentia in a child

Signs of adentia in children are:

missing one or more teeth;
the presence of large gaps between the teeth;
malocclusion;
uneven teeth;
wrinkles around the mouth (sagging of the upper lip, cheeks);
violation of diction.

Any of these signs should at least alert the parent. For example, inflammatory processes in the gums occur due to the banal loss of only one tooth. Such examples can be listed endlessly.

Adentia is partial and complete, primary and secondary.

Partial dentition means the loss or absence of one to more teeth.
This problem can lead to significant problems, for example, without incisors or fangs, a child has problems with speech, biting food, aesthetic qualities. The absence of a chewing group of teeth will provide problems with chewing and digesting food.

Complete edentulous refers to the complete absence of teeth. These children have severe psychological problems in addition, their speech and face shape change dramatically, deep wrinkles appear around the mouth. Such patients refuse to take solid food, they have impaired digestive processes, and the lack of chewing pressure leads to thinning of the bone tissue.

Primary adentia is characterized as the congenital absence of the dental follicle.
Depending on the nature of development, it can be congenital or acquired.

Primary congenital adentia is observed when the child's teeth do not erupt at all. And the primary acquired - due to endocrine diseases, injury to tooth germs, etc.
Complete primary adentia can be accompanied by serious changes in the facial skeleton and disruption of the oral mucosa.

Most often, this type of adentia occurs in a milk bite. In the mouth of a child, you can see large gaps between erupted teeth. On the radiograph, both teeth and their rudiments are missing, which gives reason to talk about primary adentia. This pathology also includes disorders that have arisen at the stage of teething, which leads to the formation of an unerupted tooth hidden in the jaw or under the gum.

Secondary or acquired adentia

Pathology is observed as a consequence of the complete or partial loss of teeth or their rudiments. This disease negatively affects both the teeth of the milk bite and the permanent one. Its most common cause is the development of caries and its complications (periodontitis and pulpitis). Trauma is a common cause of secondary tooth loss in children.

Treatment of adentia

If you notice that your child's teeth are not erupting on time, you should contact your dentist. With the help of an x-ray, a specialist will determine the presence or absence of a tooth germ in the bone. At a positive result prescribe courses of treatment aimed at stimulating teething. IN last resort use the technique of cutting the gums or setting up special braces that stimulate eruption. If the tooth germ is not found in the gum, then milk tooth they try to keep it for a long time or install an implant in its place in order to compensate for the gap in the dentition, to prevent the curvature of the bite.

There are a lot of dental diseases. Withstanding the enormous daily stresses and attacks of bacteria, our teeth tend to gradually decay. Occurs in dental practice and such a disease as the complete absence of teeth. It is either congenital or acquired. Today we want to tell you all about the causes, types and treatment of adentia.

What it is?

If we talk about real complete adentia, then this implies a congenital pathology of development. It is characterized by the absence of teeth, and sometimes their rudiments. Fortunately, this phenomenon occurs in isolated cases. More often it is necessary to treat a partial absence of teeth - congenital or acquired.

This is not only an aesthetic defect. Pathology leads to serious violations of the functions of the jaw apparatus, speech, gastrointestinal tract. Consequence aesthetic defect often becomes a violation social adaptation, low self-esteem and other psychological problems.

Types of adentia

There are several types of dental anomalies, each of which has its own characteristics. Let's take a look at them in detail.

With partial primary adentia, there is a lack of only a few teeth on upper jaw or on the lower jaw. Most often, such adentia is diagnosed in children at the stage of the appearance of milk teeth. In most cases, their rudiments are not detected even on an X-ray examination. Because of this, three are formed - the gaps between the teeth. Partially missing teeth in a child can lead to underdevelopment of the jaw. This form also manifests itself in permanent bite with the same symptoms. At the same time, the grown teeth can shift, leading to malocclusion, and sometimes even the jaw is deformed.
Primary adentia with the absolute absence of teeth is the most severe pathology with an unpleasant symptom. IN medical practice it is rarely diagnosed. In this case, even the rudiments of both temporary and permanent teeth are absent. If not taken care of, this anomaly can lead to severe defects in the development of the facial skeleton and oral mucosa.
Partial secondary adentia is diagnosed if several permanent teeth have been lost as a result of oral diseases or mechanical damage. Very often, the problem of partial secondary adentia occurs as a result of carious processes. Although the occlusion and jaw are already fully formed by the time this occurs, partial secondary edentulism can cause misalignment in the dentition. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in bone tissue and a variety of malocclusion.
Complete secondary adentia with loss of teeth is characteristic of the elderly. It occurs quite rarely. One of the solutions to the problem is implantation in the complete absence of teeth, which can be carried out by a good dental clinic with qualified surgeons.

Reasons for the development of pathology

Adentia of teeth can be provoked different reasons. For example, the primary form in most cases occurs as a result of various intrauterine pathologies that prevent the formation of tooth rudiments. Also here you can talk about hereditary diseases. The exact causes of the development of primary adentia have not been established. Partial or complete edentulous secondary type may appear on various reasons, most often of an indirect nature.

carious processes. Is the most common cause. If left untreated, caries quickly destroys the enamel, developing into other diseases. For example, pulpitis may develop. In cases where the tooth can no longer be saved, the doctor has no choice but to resort to its removal. Therefore, it is so important to begin the treatment of carious processes at the first manifestations.
Partial adentia may be due to other diseases of the oral cavity. These include periodontitis and periodontal disease. In the absence of high-quality and timely treatment, these diseases can also lead to loss of teeth in the upper or lower jaw.
Injuries. From mechanical damage both teeth and their rudiments can suffer. This leads to tooth loss or the fact that it does not fully develop.

All these indirect causes as a result can lead to partial or complete adentia, so you need to pay enough attention to your teeth and treat them in a timely manner. Dental problems are not only a matter of aesthetics, but also a serious factor that negatively affects your overall health.

Consequences of adentia

Clinical manifestations disease depends on its form and severity. Let's look at the main problems that you may encounter:

with complete adentia, deformation of the facial skeleton can be observed;
a person has difficulty chewing food;
speech therapy problems - difficulties with the pronunciation of sounds;
dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of poor-quality chewing of food;
even partial absence of teeth can affect psychological state person;
formation of three and deformation of bone tissue.

Diagnosis and treatment

Complete and partial adentia are diagnosed very simply. To make a preliminary diagnosis without indicating the reasons, a visual examination by a specialist is sufficient. The rest of the data is obtained by conducting an x-ray examination. An x-ray should be performed if primary adentia is suspected, since it allows you to identify the presence or absence of rudiments of teeth. For the same purpose, orthopantomography is performed. Additionally, it allows you to study the features of bone tissue and teeth.

Complete or partial absence of teeth will be treated according to different schemes. At the same time, the secondary type of the disease is much easier to treat than the primary one, due to the fact that there are no hereditary causes. However, both types are treated using orthopedic techniques.

Treatment of partial adentia is carried out with the help of fixed bridges and removable plate dentures. That is, the main method of treatment is prosthetics and implantation of teeth. How less teeth missing in a row, the easier it is to carry out prosthetics. If at the same time there are pronounced malocclusions, then orthodontic structures are necessarily used.
In some cases, you can do without prosthetics. For example, if a person lacks two teeth in the top row and one in the bottom. In this case, it is enough to remove one tooth from the lower row in order to achieve an even distribution of the load on the jaws. Partial adentia is eliminated quickly and with minimal discomfort for the person.
Complete secondary adentia is treated only by installing removable or permanent dentures. In the second case, it is first necessary to install implants with complete adentia to create a support. Older people are usually recommended to install removable plates - for elderly patients this is the best option.

In most cases, treatment good results, which allows a person to completely forget about the problem and return to normal life. However, sometimes difficulties arise that significantly complicate the prosthetics process:

some pathologies of bone tissue can lead to poor fixation of prostheses;
allergic reactions on polymers and other denture materials.

Modern dentistry is able to solve almost any problems with teeth and even restore them in case of complete absence. Therefore, if you had to deal with adentia, you should not withdraw into yourself and consider your problem insoluble - it’s better to hurry to contact good clinic where you will be offered a competent treatment plan.

Exist different ways dental prosthetics. It is to this topic that the final video is dedicated, in which an experienced dentist will tell you about the most common types of prosthetics. You can be sure that the highest level The development of dentistry guarantees a solution to any of your problems.

Analyzing this list, we can note the regularity of the classification of the disease according to the principle of occurrence (primary or congenital and secondary or acquired) and prevalence (complete or partial).

The causes of adentia have not been fully established. It is believed that it can occur as a result of resorption of the follicle, which occurs both under the influence of general diseases and as a result of inflammatory processes. The follicle can also resolve under the influence of various toxic diseases.

Adentia of permanent teeth can also occur as a complication of milk diseases, especially if they were untimely diagnosed and poorly treated. The cause may be hereditary predisposition, as well as the presence of diseases of the endocrine system, resulting in deviations in the process of formation of the rudiments of teeth.

Primary full

Complete primary adentia is an extremely severe anomaly, which is very rare, occurs both in the occlusion of milk teeth and in the occlusion of permanent teeth. With this form of the disease, the patient completely lacks the rudiments of all permanent teeth. This serious condition inevitably entails a violation of the symmetry of the facial skeleton. At the same time, the alveolar processes of both jaws develop incorrectly. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is dry and pale.

With adentia of milk teeth, their rudiments are completely absent, which can be diagnosed by palpation of the jaw. On the radiograph, there are no rudiments of milk teeth, and the jaws are underdeveloped, which is why Bottom part the face is greatly reduced.

Adentia of permanent teeth is diagnosed when changing milk teeth. On the radiograph, the doctor determines the absence of rudiments of permanent, lower jaw pulls up to the top, which causes asymmetry of the face.

Primary partial

Primary partial adentia is much more common than complete. With this form of the disease, one or more milk or permanent teeth are missing in the dentition. On the radiograph, there are no rudiments of missing ones, and gaps form between the erupted teeth - the so-called tremas. If the dentition is missing a large number of teeth, the jaw remains underdeveloped.

Partial adentia can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. With a symmetrical form, there are no teeth of the same name on the right and left in the dentition - for example, the right and left incisors. With asymmetric adentia, opposite ones are absent from different sides.

Secondary complete

Secondary adentia is also called acquired. With this form of the disease, teeth are completely absent both on the upper and lower jaws of the patient. It can affect both permanent and milk teeth. Usually it is formed after the loss or extraction of teeth.

With a complete secondary form of the disease, the patient's mouth is completely missing teeth, which is why the lower jaw is very close to the nose, and soft tissues the oral region of the face strongly sunk. With this form of the disease, the alveolar processes and the body of the jaw atrophy. The patient cannot bite or chew food, he cannot clearly pronounce all the sounds.

Secondary partial

With this form of the disease, one or more milk or permanent teeth are missing in the dentition. With functional insufficiency, enamels are erased with partial secondary adentia hard tissues tooth and hyperesthesia occurs. The disease prevents the patient from taking hot or cold food, trying to give preference liquid food that does not need to be chewed or bitten off.

Symptoms

The main symptom is the complete or partial absence of teeth in the patient. There are also other indirect symptoms:

reduction of one or both jaws;
atrophy of the alveolar processes;
retraction of soft tissues of the oral part of the face;
the formation of multiple wrinkles around the mouth;
muscle atrophy in the oral area;
blunting of the angle of the jaw.

With partial adentia, a distorted, so-called deep bite is formed. Teeth tend to move towards the missing teeth over time. In those places where there are no antagonistic teeth, the dentoalveolar processes of healthy teeth are lengthened.

Diagnostics

The dentist must necessarily examine the patient's oral cavity, noting the complete or partial absence of teeth. Definitely needs to be done x-ray examination both jaws, especially if primary adentia is suspected, since only on x-ray one can note the complete absence of the rudiments of permanent or milk teeth.

When diagnosing adentia in children, it is preferable to do a panoramic x-ray of the jaw, which allows you to determine not only the presence or absence of the rudiments of teeth, but also the structure of the roots and bone tissue of the alveolar process.

During the diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary to exclude those factors that do not allow for immediate prosthetics. The doctor should pay attention to the following points:

the presence of unremoved roots, which are covered with a mucous membrane;
the presence of exostoses;
a history of tumor-like diseases and inflammatory processes;
the presence of diseases of the oral mucosa.

In the presence of these moments, it is impossible to do prosthetics, you must first eliminate the factors that interfere with its implementation.

Treatment

by the most effective treatment adentia is an orthopedic treatment. The doctor determines the method of treatment based on the degree of atrophy of the alveolar processes and tubercles.

In the treatment of the primary form, depending on the patient's age, a pre-orthodontic trainer is installed, and the patient is taken to the dispensary.

With partial primary adentia in children, it is very important to stimulate the correct eruption of teeth and prevent the occurrence of jaw deformities. Only after the sevenths erupt permanent teeth, the doctor may begin to consider options for prosthetics missing. To do this, you can use the following methods:

prosthetics with ceramic-metal crowns and inlays;
installation of an adhesive bridge;
missing tooth implantation.

When treating secondary complete adentia, the doctor must restore the functionality of the dentition, prevent the development of complications and pathologies, and only after that carry out prosthetics. No less important is psychological help a patient who may experience some psychological discomfort from the complete or partial absence of teeth.

Consequences

Adentia is a complex dental disease that, without proper treatment, significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. With complete adentia, the patient's speech is disturbed, many sounds are slurred. Also, the patient cannot chew and bite off solid food, as a result of which he consumes everything in a pureed liquid form. Malnutrition inevitably leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as to a lack of many vitamins and microelements in the patient's body.

As a result of the complete absence of teeth, the temporomandibular joint begins to malfunction, which leads to inflammation of the joint.

Also important is the psychological discomfort of the patient, lowering his social status, self-esteem, which leads to constant stress and the development of nervous disorders.

IN orthopedic dentistry partial absence of teeth implies a lack of one or more units. In terms of the impact on functionality and aesthetics, the diagnosis of “partial absence of teeth (partial adentia)” is very ambiguous, because if 2–3 teeth are missing, this is one situation, and if 1–15 is completely different. That is why some experts began to distinguish such a variety as multiple adentia, when more than 10 teeth are missing. However, even without this division, partial adentia has forms and classes that are important to mention.

Forms of partial edentulous teeth

Primary adentia. Absence or death of the rudiments of teeth at the stage of intrauterine development. This form of partial adentia is quite rare and is caused by hereditary factors or diseases and infections that have arisen during pregnancy (hypothyroidism, ichthyosis, pituitary dwarfism). Primary adentia is often associated with irregular shape teeth or underdevelopment of the alveolar processes;

A person was born with a full set of teeth, but lost some of them due to injuries or dental diseases and complications. Partial secondary absence of teeth is a very common disease. According to statistics, more than 75% of people lose one or more teeth during their lifetime.

Classification of partial adentia

The most popular classification of partial adentia was developed by the American dentist Edward Kennedy. Despite the fact that this happened back in the twenties of the last century, they are actively working on it today. In total, Kennedy identified four main classes of partial adentia, with a focus on which a rehabilitation plan is drawn up.

Kennedy classification of partial absence of teeth

First grade. Partial edentulous with bilateral end defect: absence of molars on both sides of the jaw.
Second class. Unilateral end defect when the patient has lost chewing teeth on one side of the jaw.
Third class. Unilateral included defect. Missing some molars or front teeth.
Fourth grade. Included anterior teeth defect. Completely missing teeth in the smile zone.

Treatment of partial adentia

If the patient has a complete or partial absence of teeth, treatment is carried out using two methods: implantation and classical prosthetics. The first method is a priority, since only an implant is able to fully replace the tooth root and prevent bone tissue atrophy. On the other hand, implantation is not always possible due to a number of contraindications, as well as due to a banal lack of funds. In this case, classical prosthetics is the only way out.

Treatment methods for partial adentia

Fixed bridge prosthesis

The most popular option when restoring one or more missing teeth in a row. A similar prosthesis is attached to the supporting healthy teeth or telescopic crowns. Often, when restoring one tooth, a recess is made in adjacent teeth, after which the structure is connected by a special bridge, which is attached using composite materials (Maryland prosthesis). The bridge can be metal, metal-ceramic and ceramic (to restore the frontal group of teeth).

relative durability
lower cost compared to implantation
good performance indicators

grinding of adjacent teeth
possible allergy on metal components
mediocre aesthetics

Dental crown and bridge on implants

It is used for a single defect and in the same situations as the classic one. bridge prosthesis but supported by implants rather than adjacent teeth.

good aesthetics and functionality
preservation of bone volume at the implantation site
durability

high price

Removable and conditionally removable dentures on implants

They are used in the case of multiple adentia, when the doctor removes the remaining teeth and puts an implant-supported structure that completely imitates the jaw. The type of prosthesis (removable or conditionally removable) depends on the method of attachment. Push-button fastening allows you to remove the prosthesis from the oral cavity independently. Beam fastening (implants are connected to each other by a special beam) implies that the prosthesis will be removed only in the dentist's office.

reliability
good functionality and acceptable aesthetics
durability (the old prosthesis is changed after 7 - 10 years, implants can stand for life)

high price
the need to remove the remaining teeth

Deformation of the bite with partial absence of teeth

The state of the dentoalveolar system with partial absence of teeth is a topic for a separate discussion. Even the loss of one tooth provokes the displacement of the entire dentition, as the body in this way tries to restore the correct distribution of the load. This process begins in the immediate vicinity of the lost tooth, however, over time, the deformation of the dentition in the partial absence of teeth becomes more pronounced, especially when a significant number of them are lost. The most accurate classification of changes in the position of teeth during adentia was proposed by Dr. E. I. Gavrilov.

Classification of partial absence of teeth according to Gavrilov

Vertical movement (elongation of the teeth). Often occurs with the loss of antagonist teeth.
Mesial and distal movement.
Oral and vestibular movement of teeth.
Combined movement of teeth (rotation with an inclination, fan-shaped divergence, and so on).

Correction of deformities of the teeth occurs with the help of orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical techniques: at serious complications placement of a prosthesis or implants may be delayed. Determination of bite in the partial absence of teeth includes the calculation of the occlusal height, prosthetic plane, height lower section faces and central ratio jaws.