home Audience 7 Hernia in newborns. Hernia of newborns: symptoms of pathology, treatment. Causes of congenital and acquired hernias

Hernia in newborns. Hernia of newborns: symptoms of pathology, treatment. Causes of congenital and acquired hernias

The birth of a baby is a joyful event in the life of a family. Sometimes when a baby is born, some problems are found that were not discovered before. One of these pathologies is umbilical hernia in newborns. The problem may appear immediately after birth or after a few weeks.

A hernia in newborns can cause many complications, sometimes the problem goes away on its own. In some cases, a hernia can only be treated with surgery. What the pathology looks like, causes, methods of treatment, prevention - all these aspects are described in the following material.

general information

A hernia in the umbilical region of a newborn is a swollen section of the intestine that is visible through the abdominal wall. Mostly the pathology manifests itself during the cry of the baby, severe stress Sometimes the problem is so big that it's hard to miss.

According to statistics, 20% of newborns suffer from such a problem. If you find a formation in the umbilical ring, do not panic. The disease is not terrible, long-term treatment is required, but doctors' forecasts are almost always optimistic.

Doctors distinguish two forms of umbilical hernia: congenital, acquired. The first category is divided into several types:

embryonic. It is a danger to the health of the baby, requires immediate medical attention. The formation of pathology is directly related to the violation of intrauterine development abdominal wall fetus;
hernia of the umbilical cord. The problem is provoked by the weakness of the abdominal layer, the exit of a small section of the intestine into the umbilical cord, while the peritoneum does not tear. Pathology does not pose a danger to the life of the crumbs, but in most cases it is eliminated in the first days after birth;
late umbilical hernia. It is formed at the end of the development of the baby, urgent intervention is not required.

Acquired hernia of the umbilical ring region occurs as a result of damage to the aponeurosis, the process appears with frequent constipation, screaming, flatulence, these conditions are characteristic of newborns. That is why education becomes noticeable when the baby is crying, in calm state pathology is poorly visible.

Causes

Before birth, the baby is fed in the womb through the umbilical cord. After birth, it is removed as unnecessary. Ideally, the vessels should tighten, an umbilical ring forms at the site of the umbilical cord, which tightens within a month after the baby is born.

The process depends on individual characteristics baby, sometimes takes longer than 30 days. Is the baby necessary health care or not, the pediatrician determines. It is impossible to independently establish a diagnosis, to cope with pathology.

Doctors identify several main causes of the appearance of pathology:

if the child constantly, often cries, coughs, the load on the abdominal cavity increases significantly, which multiplies the risk of a hernia many times over;
premature babies suffer from pathology twice as much as those who were born at term. An incompletely formed abdominal wall is easily damaged, a hernia appears around the umbilical ring;
the disease often manifests itself in children with a weakened abdominal wall, resulting from serious illnesses eg rickets;
genetic predisposition to such a disease;
the use of toxic substances by the mother during pregnancy, in particular, alcohol. Adversely affects the baby's body taking antibiotics during the bearing of crumbs;
insufficient content special substance- collagen in the connective tissue of an infant leads to an unpleasant consequence: the navel does not have the proper resistance to various influences;
frequent constipation. Pressure in abdominal cavity constantly high, the tissues do not withstand the load, a hernia appears.

Note! It is problematic to independently identify the cause of the pathology, only an experienced pediatrician after diagnostic measures will be able to deliver accurate diagnosis. In most cases, the problem disappears on its own before the age of five, but it still needs to be treated.

Symptoms

Umbilical hernia in children appears quite often, the diagnosis is not difficult. Correct Diagnosis can put a pediatrician or surgeon, appearance The problem indicates its type, the reason for the appearance:

embryonic hernia is visible to the naked eye from the moment the child is born. The skin over the formation is very thin, almost transparent, the size of the hernia is usually large, containing a lot of intestines. This variety is capable of frequent ruptures on contact with external environment. Untreated leads to peritonitis, which can provoke death. Massage, surgical intervention can not always help to cope with the problem;
a hernia of the umbilical cord does not pose such a threat to the life of the crumbs, the operation is optional. The exit of the intestine is visible from birth, but it is large, but the probability of rupture is very small, the formation lends itself to conservative methods of treatment. The intestine is covered not only with skin, but also with a thin layer of peritoneum;
a defect in later dates embryonic development, does not differ much from a hernia that formed after the baby was born.

Hernial manifestation in a newborn does not cause him any discomfort, in case of pinching, parents may notice the following symptoms of an umbilical hernia:

vomit;
anxiety;
the inability to reduce mechanically;
change in the usual color of the contents of the intestine.

How to determine the presence of a hernia in the baby

There are several useful tips for parents, with the help of which the course of the pathology is easily determined:

the epidermis near the navel looks swollen, redness is noted;
while the baby is crying, the umbilical ring increases in size;
if you press on the navel, then a characteristic sound is heard, similar to "gurgling";
the protrusion is easy to set if you lightly press on the formation.

Symptoms are characteristic only for a hernia, it is difficult to confuse it with other pathologies. It is still necessary to consult a doctor, only a pediatrician will prescribe the necessary plan for getting rid of the problem.

Pathology treatment methods

An umbilical hernia, which was diagnosed early, in most cases does not give relapses, various complications. A small hernial formation is customary to treat conservative methods(massage, bandage, plaster), if the problem does not disappear before the age of five, only then is surgical intervention indicated.

Therapeutic massage, other manipulations should be carried out in a special room. After several sessions, parents can repeat themselves therapeutic exercises at home. Babies are placed tummy down, held for 10 minutes. Carry out therapy before feeding to avoid frequent regurgitation. The method is effective in the treatment of small hernial formations, the prevention of pathology.

Massage technique

Perform all exercises only after training an experienced doctor, it is forbidden to resort to the help of this method on your own. Inaccurate movements can harm the baby.

Subtleties of massage:

make circular movements around the umbilical ring clockwise;
circular strokes in the opposite direction;
lightly press on the formation until it completely disappears from sight;
press the hernia thumb while scrolling it clockwise;
massage the abdominal muscles with horizontal movements.

Bandage and plaster

Modern medicine offers many means to eliminate hernial formation in children. Use any medicinal products allowed only after consulting a doctor. Often used medical patches, they hold the hernia inside the umbilical ring, help strengthen the abdominal wall.

The disadvantage of the patch is that after it, irritation appears on the delicate skin of the crumbs. Doctors recommend purchasing a special bandage, it provides similar action, but none side effects not visible.

Surgical intervention

The method is only used in extreme cases if the umbilical ring does not close properly before 3 to 5 years of age. Indications for surgery: the hernia has become larger, general state the baby deteriorated rapidly. The essence of the manipulations is connected with the mechanical stitching of the defect. Surgical intervention is prohibited in case of intolerance to the drugs used during the operation, the presence of skin defects in the navel.

An operation to cut out an umbilical hernia in an infant is the closure of a defect in the umbilical ring, the muscle layers of the abdomen overlap each other, which prevents recurrence. The strangulated section of the intestine is removed, subsequent manipulations are similar.

How to treat in children? Learn effective methods and folk recipes.

The page is written about the rules for taking antibiotics for laryngitis in a child.

Folk remedies and recipes

Effective Recipes:

put gauze soaked in juice on the baby's navel sauerkraut then cover with a slice raw potatoes. Carry out medical manipulations twice a day, often a hernia disappears in one month;
treat an old copper coin with an iodine solution, attach crumbs to the navel, secure with adhesive tape. When bathing, remove the coin;
use regular adhesive tape. Adjust the hernia with your finger, stick a band-aid, the course of treatment is up to twenty days.

Warn appearance pathological education Realistically, stick to the following rules:

during pregnancy planning and the period of bearing a baby, give up smoking, drinking alcohol;
eat as correctly as possible: eat food rich in vitamins, minerals, follow the regimen;
do not take medications that can adversely affect the formation of the fetus;
limit the use of foods rich in dyes and preservatives;
after the birth of the baby, do not allow frequent cries of the baby, constipation, anxiety;
regularly show the child to the pediatrician, carefully monitor the health of the child.

Do everything possible to protect the baby from the appearance of an unpleasant defect. If an umbilical hernia has formed, follow useful tips, consult a doctor in a timely manner. Do not delay treatment, lack of medical care leads to negative consequences.

Every parent who is faced with a similar ailment needs to know what an umbilical hernia in newborns is, home treatment of this manifestation. Symptoms and signs of this disease can be recognized independently and after its detection in an infant, treatment can begin.

An umbilical (umbilical) hernia is a subcutaneous protrusion in the region of the umbilical ring. A hernia is not only acquired, but also congenital, like any other disease.

But an acquired hernia occurs, as a rule, in people in adulthood and its appearance is caused by weight lifting, hormonal changes, pregnancy, obesity, diseases of the stomach or intestines and complications after surgery. Despite this, a hernia of the navel can also appear in a newborn.

Congenital umbilical hernia in infants is found in 20 cases out of 100. This pathology is most easily detected after the umbilical wound has completely healed in a child under one year of age.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

In the first days of a child's life, it is almost impossible to detect a congenital umbilical hernia. The process of digestion of food in a newborn is fast, and, as a rule, the abdominal wall is not subject to strong tension, so a weakened umbilical ring does not make itself felt.

But if you look closely at the newborn, you can pay attention to an incomprehensible cough, constant crying and muscle tension before emptying the intestines in the form of a slight protrusion in the navel. In some cases, a hernia of the navel in infants can manifest itself as a slight swelling of the abdomen. But initially, such minor deviations from the norm do not cause concern to parents, or they simply do not notice them, without attaching much importance.

Among the main symptoms of a violation of the strength of the umbilical ring, experts distinguish:

protrusion in the navel area when crying, laughing, coughing and any other tension of the abdominal muscles of the newborn;
the formation of a round swelling in the navel while the baby is in a prone position;
an increase in the size of the hernial sac, as the baby grows older.

As for the reasons why a hernia may appear, the main one is hereditary predisposition. If one or both parents had this diagnosis, then there is a high probability of this disease in their child.

Babies born earlier are also at risk. due date, and toddlers with muscle weakness. The causes of umbilical hernia in infants can also be dysbacteriosis, enzyme deficiency and flatulence (gas formation).

Types of umbilical hernias and complications of the disease

An umbilical hernia can be divided into 2 types:

At the first form of the disease, a adipose tissue located under the skin. Organs are not involved in this.
In another case, through the hole penetrates under the skin adipose tissue or intestinal loops. Gradually, the so-called hernial sac begins to form.

Umbilical hernia in people in adulthood in almost all cases occurs with obvious symptoms, but in newborns asymptomatic course this disease is extremely rare. The baby does not experience pain, but the hernia causes discomfort, so he cries much more often. Over time, problems with bowel movements begin to arise.

This disease can provoke the occurrence of unpleasant complications. Specialists divide the umbilical hernia into complicated and uncomplicated. In some cases, an infringement of the hernial sac may appear, which causes the baby pain. The following signs may indicate the appearance of such complications:

strong crying and refusal to eat;
constant protrusion of the navel, and not only in case of tension of the abdominal muscles;
pale or slightly reddened skin in the area of the hernia;
nausea or vomiting.

In some, quite rare cases, the skin over the hernia is also torn and exposes its contents.

It is undesirable to treat complications of an umbilical hernia in infants at home, since infringement can lead to very serious consequences such as intestinal obstruction or intoxication of the body.

If a complicated hernia of a newborn is suspected, it is urgent to show a specialist, since in these cases surgical intervention is required.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in a newborn at home

In the event that the symptoms of the disease have not disappeared before the newborn reaches the age of one, at the age of 3, the baby is most often indicated for surgical intervention. But hernia in babies is complicated, according to statistics, only in 5% of cases, therefore, as a rule, by the year the disease goes away without surgery.

Conservative treatment can be carried out independently, and subject to simple rules it is possible to completely prevent the possible occurrence of this disease in a newborn.

It is advisable to lay the baby on the stomach as early as possible. You can carry out this manipulation immediately after healing. umbilical wound. Laying the newborn on the stomach helps to strengthen the muscles of the anterior wall of the peritoneum, the lateral muscles of the abdomen and back.

It is necessary to adjust the nutrition of the newborn, in order to avoid the occurrence of flatulence and problems with the stool. Breastfeeding women should control their diet and remove allergenic foods from it.

For the treatment of hernia in infants, you can also use a specialized bandage, which is made from environmentally friendly materials. It fixes the navel tightly enough and prevents its protrusion.

Massage for newborns

An important point in the treatment should be a therapeutic massage for umbilical hernia in newborns, which should be performed by a specialist. Parents can learn this exercise therapy technique, and when the baby grows up a little, they will be able to perform it on their own.

Well therapeutic massage can be started only in the absence of contraindications, which include the presence of colds, allergic reaction or skin ailment in the form of prickly heat, irritation and diaper rash.

With an unhealed wound of the navel or the presence of any other hernia, for example, femoral or inguinal, as well as with any complications umbilical hernia massage sessions are not recommended.

It is recommended to start a massage session half an hour before the start of feeding the baby. The number of sessions should not exceed 3 per day. As for the duration of one session, it should last from 5 to 10 minutes. The technique itself is selected by a specialist, and, as a rule, he uses such movements as “pinching”, “slide” and others.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in a newborn with traditional medicine

In the treatment of umbilical hernia in infants, you can use effective methods traditional medicine. Oatmeal will help in the treatment of this disease. From fresh porridge, it is necessary to prepare a compress, which must be applied to the newborn's tummy for about 40 minutes. Instead of oatmeal you can use clay cakes.

To treat this disease, you can use various decoctions prepared from medicinal herbs.

A medicinal decoction can be prepared from oak bark. You will need to take 1 tbsp. l. pre-shredded bark and 250 ml of boiling water.

The bark must be poured into a container, poured with water and boiled over low heat for several minutes. After the remedy must be insisted for 4 hours in a dark place.

As soon as it is ready, it is necessary to moisten a cotton pad in the solution and apply it to the hernia, leaving such a compress for a couple of hours.

Well removes the umbilical hernia in a newborn compress from fern leaves. First, the leaves need to be thoroughly washed and poured with boiling water for a couple of minutes. Next, the leaves must be folded in half and applied for a couple of hours to the hernia in the form of a compress. From above, the compress should be wrapped with a warm scarf. It is advisable to do such procedures regularly for a month.

Traditional medicine can be used after the approval of the attending physician, and they may be an addition to the main therapy.

GryzhaInfo.com

What should be the treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns at home?

Good afternoon, dear readers!

Here is your baby and was born. With all my heart I congratulate you on this joyful event. And along with this, you have new troubles, and sometimes small problems. One of these is an umbilical hernia in a baby. It happens quite often, so I want to discuss it.

If you notice it in time, then the treatment can be carried out at home, and no expensive medicines are required for this. Let's find out with you what an umbilical hernia in newborns is, home treatment and the symptoms of this disease.

What it is?

To understand the mechanism of hernia formation, dear parents, you must first know how the umbilical region works. The abdominal wall is composed of:

The aponeurosis and muscles play the main role in the formation of a hernia. If this layer has weakness, the elastic peritoneum protrudes through the "hernial ring" and goes out. A hernia structure is formed:

bag - inner shells;
contents - inside the hernia there is an organ (most often it is the intestines);
gate - a place in the peritoneum through which the hernial sac protrudes.

Why might such a condition arise? One of the reasons that doctors call is the weakness or lack of density of the connective tissue, which occurs due to insufficient collagen production. When a baby's navel heals, there is still an empty space inside for a long time.

If the baby cries a lot, a hernial sac comes out through the hollow space. Among the reasons for the formation of a hernia can be called:

Parents should try to prevent loud crying, coughing in children, intestinal problems, especially since there are many safe means. These conditions lead to the formation of a hernia, which will be much more difficult to eliminate.

signs

How to recognize that a child has a hernia, and is it time to visit the doctor? For this, it is worth paying attention to the signs of its manifestation. The main symptoms by which you can recognize the disease is the size of the navel.

After the umbilical cord falls off, the navel continues to protrude by 1-2 cm. By 3-4 years, the navel usually closes. IN healthy condition the navel is like a small bud.

If the size of the umbilical ring is more than 1.5 cm or more, it is worth sounding the alarm. If the hernia is more than 2 cm in diameter, surgery is needed. Traditionally, it is carried out no earlier than 3 years, but if it causes discomfort to the baby, it can be cut out earlier.

To find out about the presence of a hernia in a baby, it is enough to measure the umbilical ring. With a small hernia, you can try to cure it at home.

Treatment Methods

Band-Aid

The simplest remedy, which doctors recommend resorting to in the initial stages of the disease, is a plaster. With its help, the hernia is inserted into place and sealed.

Previously, the sore spot was fixed with adhesive tape, but today pharmacology offers the new kind a patch specifically for umbilical hernia, which does not need to be removed before bathing.

Do not try to straighten and seal the hernia on your own. Better if the pediatrician does it. The patch can not be removed later: this guarantees proper fixation and a quick recovery.

massage

This is a mandatory procedure for hernia in children. You can start the massage already from 2-3 one month old child. It is better if the procedure is performed by a nurse or masseur, but with a little learning, you can do it at home on your own.

To perform a massage, the palm of your hand is drawn over the stomach in a clockwise direction. Then thumb you need to attach to the navel and continue to massage clockwise. After the procedure, the baby is laid out on the stomach.

By the way, laying out on the stomach is one of the easiest and most available methods disease treatment for early stage and its prevention. It is better to spread it before feeding, while the baby's stomach is empty. Exercise perfectly strengthens the muscles of the peritoneum and helps to get rid of colic.

coin

To treat a hernia with this folk method, you need an ordinary coin. It is better to take Soviet 5 kopecks: it is important that copper is present in the composition (its ions have a beneficial effect in the treatment).

The coin is tightly applied to the navel and covered with a bactericidal patch. It will have to be worn for a month and a half. This is an old tried and tested method that works great.

Conspiracy

CONSPIRACY - strong remedy for the treatment of any disease. But many parents are afraid to use it: the consequences are too unknown. But if doctors cannot help, and the disease progresses and interferes with life, you can try.

To perform the ritual, it is better to call a person who practices healing by this method. In the absence of such, the conspiracy is carried out by the mother or grandmother or one of the close relatives. The desire to heal the baby must be sincere and come from the heart. Religion doesn't matter.

There are a lot of texts of conspiracies. The essence of the ritual is as follows. Early in the morning you need to take the baby in your arms, stand facing the sun and say a prayer. Then spit on the navel three times and say a fix (this is a small conclusion in a conspiracy that confirms and reinforces the correctness of the words).

Don't expect a quick recovery. Try to forget about the problem. When after a while you remember about it, you will find that the hernia has disappeared.

Now you know, dear readers, what to do if the baby's navel begins to protrude or an umbilical hernia appears.

Do not rush to put the baby on the operation: try all the folk methods, and only then contact the surgeon.

Remember: the navel must be normalized before the age of 7, even if this requires surgery. In adulthood, the disease can lead to many complications.

Useful knowledge for young mothers and fathers

Dear moms and dads, I know firsthand what a baby is in a house. How many questions do you have? If so, then I would like to help you a little and recommend an excellent course by Elena Danilova, mother of five children, "Child from birth to a year."

In this webinar, you will receive over 150 answers to many of your questions. And most importantly, it's completely free.

See you soon, friends!

chesnachki.ru

How to properly treat an umbilical hernia in newborns: methods

Let's start with the fact that a hernia is a protrusion of either the entire organ or some part of it. An umbilical hernia, as the name implies, appears in the umbilical region. The navel is a retracted scar that forms some time after birth with the fall of the umbilical cord.

If we turn to anatomy, a hernia has the following structure:

Umbilical ring or hernial ring
Hernial sac
What is in the bag, that is, the hernial contents.

Most often, a hernia appears in infants or premature babies.

Causes and main symptoms of a hernia in a newborn

The main factors predisposing to the appearance of an umbilical hernia in newborns include:

Phenomena weakening the umbilical ring: a congenital defect in the form of weak connective tissue; slow process of overgrowing of the ring; being overweight or obese.
Increasing intra-abdominal pressure factors: constant strong crying of the baby, usually caused by colic; persistent severe cough; frequent constipation; a disease that reduces muscle tone (rickets).
An umbilical hernia can be either congenital or appear in a baby after birth.

How to understand that the baby has an umbilical hernia? The main characteristic sign of a hernia in newborns, which can be seen with the naked eye, is a protrusion or induration in the umbilical region with a diameter of 1-10 cm. When the child is laid on a horizontal surface, it can either disappear or decrease in size.

The hernia becomes especially noticeable at the moment when the baby begins to strain the abdominal muscles (for example, when laughing, coughing or crying). If the baby lies on his back in a calm state, then it is almost impossible to notice it.

An umbilical hernia in newborns, as a rule, does not give them any discomfort, pain, and most often disappears by the age of one.

In order to make sure that the baby has a hernia, you need to contact a pediatric surgeon. He will determine the contents of the bag, which can be adipose tissue or part of the intestine, and select the necessary treatment method. To exclude complications, it is advisable to donate blood, as well as conduct x-ray and ultrasonography abdominal cavity.

In some babies, you can find a "skin navel", but you should not confuse it with a hernia. In this case, this is just a feature of the body, in which the opening of the umbilical ring is not observed.

Complications and therapeutic measures

How to treat an umbilical hernia and what can be encountered in the process? The most common complications are: inflammation of the hernia, strangulation, damage, intestinal obstruction and coprostasis, that is, the accumulation of feces in the intestine, accompanied by bloating, abdominal pain and nausea.

At what point should you not postpone a visit to the surgeon? If the baby has the following symptoms:

The baby has pain in the umbilical region
The child has occasional or persistent nausea
The bulge increases over time
The color of the protrusion brightens.

If speak about traditional methods, then, provided that the baby is constantly in motion and eats well, it is not necessary to treat an umbilical hernia, since it resolves itself by 3 years. However, you should not count on luck and wait until everything goes away by itself, but adhere to the necessary diet. You need to make sure that the child goes to the toilet regularly, try to avoid constipation and create everything the necessary conditions for the active movement of the baby.

The treatment of umbilical hernia in infants is described in the video:

Massage as a way to treat a hernia

It is massage that is often one of the most effective ways to get rid of a hernia in children under one year old. It is necessary to do a daily massage of the abdominal region, which consists in circular strokes from the side of the ribs down. This must be done very smoothly, avoiding intensity. With your fingertips, you can make movements reminiscent of brushing something off your stomach. Such a massage must be done not less than a month, not forgetting to spread the baby with the tummy down, which will reduce the pressure on the stomach, help the discharge of gases and more active movement of the legs and arms, which has a beneficial effect on strengthening the anterior abdominal wall.

For older children, massage does not differ in movements, however, the intensity should be greater. In no case should you do exercises for the press, but it is still necessary to join therapeutic exercises.

If there is no confidence in the correct performance of the exercises, it is best to contact a specialist in order not to harm the baby.

It is worth noting that physical education is carried out only after the umbilical hernia is reduced by a qualified specialist and fixed with an adhesive plaster, which is necessarily bactericidal. Otherwise, exercises can lead to infringement of the hernia, which is quite dangerous and can cause circulatory disorders and intestinal death.

According to the testimony of doctors, such babies need to wear a special belt for a hernia, although massage in this case has not been canceled either.

Treatment of an umbilical hernia is much easier while the baby is still very young, so parents should contact a specialist as soon as possible.

Treatment with surgical intervention is used in such cases:

If the child is already over 1 year old and the hernia is constantly increasing
In case of infringement
If resorption has not occurred before 4 years of age.

The purpose of surgery is to remove the defect of the umbilical ring. Perhaps one of the main methods of treatment is hernioplasty, which is a surgical intervention to excise the bag and return its contents to the abdominal cavity. The duration of the operation is about half an hour, with the possibility of going home the same day.

Folk methods of treatment

In practice, treatment is often folk remedies gives good results, and therefore, in the absence of allergies and other contraindications, you can try them.

And yet, it is necessary to resort to the treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns with folk remedies only in extreme cases. It is better to contact a specialist who will help to cope with this problem without consequences for the health of the child.

StopGryzha.ru

How to cure an umbilical hernia in a child

An umbilical hernia in infants occurs when the umbilical ring expands, followed by protrusion of the intestines of other organs through it. This is a fairly common deviation, and it is recorded in every fifth newborn baby, and if we cite premature babies as an example, then this pathology observed in every third.

Localization of a hernia is different (in the groin, on the thigh, along middle line abdomen), of all such diseases, umbilical hernia accounts for 15% of all cases.

If an umbilical hernia is found in children, treatment should be started immediately, as it can lead to complications.

Why does this problem occur

Normally, after cutting the umbilical cord, the umbilical ring should be fixed and remain in this form with the help of a connective tissue scar. It should be noted that the ring itself in its lower part is formed urinary duct and the umbilical artery, and therefore it contracts well. But where the lower part is located, the umbilical vein passes, which contracts poorly. Therefore, the slightest increase in pressure in the space of the abdominal cavity leads to the release internal organs out.

On this moment the reasons for which an umbilical hernia is formed in a newborn are well studied:

congenital weakness;
infectious diseases associated sharp rise pressure in the abdominal cavity (whooping cough, inflammation of the lungs and bronchi, dysentery);
deviations in the work of the intestine (dysbacteriosis, constipation);
pathologies with a decrease in the tone of the abdominal wall (hypothyroidism, rickets, Down syndrome, ascites).

How does a hernia of the umbilicus manifest?

Symptoms of an umbilical hernia in newborns are usually mild. The only sign is often only a slight increase in the umbilical ring during examination, in conjunction with a slight protrusion. It may increase with coughing or straining and decrease with horizontal position. In rare cases, the exit of intestinal loops can give painful sensations, which in small child manifests itself in the form of anxiety, loss of appetite. The baby ceases to take the breast normally, becomes weak, often cries and twists its legs. And older children say that they have colic in the navel, develop nausea and constipation. In case of infringement (which is extremely rare), the hernia is not reduced, the skin in the affected area changes color. The kid complains of nausea, severe pain. When palpated, there is an accumulation of gases in the intestines, visually the tummy swells up, a sign appears intestinal obstruction. In that part of the intestine that is infringed, the normal blood supply is disturbed and necrosis develops.

An umbilical hernia in newborns, infants, children is a protrusion of internal organs ( big omentum and / or intestinal loops) outside the abdominal wall through the hole, which is the result of non-closure of the umbilical ring.

It is more common in children under one year old, but can also occur at 11-12 years of age. There are congenital and acquired.

Causes of umbilical hernia in newborns, children, infants

In the occurrence of congenital umbilical hernia in newborns, an important role is played by:

genetic predisposition to weakness of the abdominal muscles,
complicated course of pregnancy,
prematurity, low birth weight,
various congenital anomalies connective tissue,
rickets,
increased intra-abdominal pressure (frequent prolonged crying, flatulence, constipation).

The opinion that the midwife during childbirth incorrectly cut off the umbilical cord, which led to the occurrence of a hernia, is fundamentally wrong: the technique of applying the staple does not affect this pathology in any way.

Acquired umbilical hernias, which appear for the first time after 2-4 years of a child's life, attract attention. Their occurrence is associated with a lag in the growth of the connective tissue layer of the abdominal wall in the umbilical region. Self-healing of such hernias is not possible, they are not treated conservatively, therefore they are operated on in a planned manner upon diagnosis.

Symptoms of an umbilical hernia in newborns, infants and children (signs)

Already at birth (usually at 1-2 months), an umbilical hernia manifests itself as a small bulge in the navel area, which increases with crying, sneezing or coughing. Most often, it does not cause discomfort in the child and worries only his parents.

The main signs of umbilical hernia in newborns:

looks like a bulge in the umbilical region, ranging in size from 0.5 millimeters to 1.5-2 centimeters;
easily reduced when pressed with a finger into the abdominal cavity;
it is invisible in the prone position and manifests itself only when straining;
sometimes it can be painful (with a narrow hernial orifice, reduction is more difficult, which results in a partial infringement of the hernia); which causes discomfort to the baby, he behaves uneasily and cries more often.

Consequences of an umbilical hernia in a child

The most formidable complication of umbilical hernia in infants is its infringement. When pinched (muscle spasm around the umbilical ring), the hernial protrusion hardens, becomes unreducible and can lead to intestinal obstruction (which is why a hernia is life-threatening).

Signs of abuse:

the child is worried about severe pain, which is manifested by prolonged, loud crying, he becomes irritable, refuses to eat, vomiting may occur;
the protrusion cannot be reduced into the abdominal cavity;
temperature rise is possible.

What to do in this situation, every parent of a child with an umbilical hernia should know.

An umbilical hernia in newborns, the symptoms of which are aggravated by the appearance of a strangulation clinic, must be urgently operated on.

Treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns, infants, children

Not always umbilical hernia in newborns requires surgical treatment. Unlike adults, in whom in any case only surgery for an umbilical hernia is possible, in children, surgery is performed more often after 5-6 years (sometimes after 7 years), if the hernial protrusion does not go away with time and increases in size.

In more early age the operation is performed only in the presence of large hernia gates (more than two centimeters), as well as in case of infringement or other complications. In a planned manner, the removal of a hernia is carried out no earlier than 1-3 years. The question of whether surgery is needed is decided by the doctor.

Under general anesthesia (in children older than 8-9 years under local anesthesia) an incision is made on the lower side of the hernia along skin fold, along a curved line. The surgeon opens the hernial sac, examines its contents, which is then set into the abdominal cavity and excised the sac itself. After that, the edges of the hernial orifice are sutured, and a cosmetic intradermal suture is applied with absorbable threads. The duration of the operation is not more than 20 minutes. How much does the operation cost, you can find out in any surgical department children's hospital.

Postoperative period

This surgical intervention is not dangerous and is well tolerated by the child. If there are no complications such as seroma, hematoma, or infection of the wound, discharge occurs on the same day.

Hernia recurrences are rare (more often 2 years after surgery), occur only in the case of suturing large defects with tension or with undiagnosed concomitant paraumbilical hernia.

Conservative treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns, infants and children

Laying the baby on the stomach is a fairly effective way to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal wall.

This procedure is also good because it helps to avoid bloating, eliminates constipation, normalizes stools, and promotes the release of gases.

Massage for umbilical hernia

In the umbilical ring itself, no manipulations can be performed. All techniques are performed around the navel. Massage before feeding the baby, 2-3 times a day. Duration - about 5 minutes, with the growing up of the child, gradually increasing the time. You can massage the child yourself, or you can invite a professional massage therapist.

Some tricks:

stroking around the navel with the edge of the palm or warm fingers in a clockwise direction, 5-10 circular movements,
collective movements to the navel from the lateral surfaces of the tummy (make a "slide"), 10-15 times,
pinching the area around the navel, 20-30 seconds,
tapping with fingertips (like “rain”), 20-30 seconds,
movements of the palms towards each other with moderate pressure along the rectus abdominis muscles (one hand goes from below, the other from above), 5-10 times.

Therapeutic gymnastics is recommended already from 2.5-3 weeks of a baby's life, in children under 1 year old it is better to perform it with a specialist. Exercise therapy helps to strengthen the muscle corset, has an effect on the body restorative action, normalizes neuromuscular excitability.

Adhesive plastering is another method conservative therapy umbilical hernia in infants, it is recommended only after the umbilical wound has healed. The doctor decides how to apply the patch. It is important to first correct the hernia so that the umbilical ring can close, because as long as the internal organ enters the hernial sac, this is impossible.

The adhesive plaster is applied for 10 days, then the surgeon removes it and examines the baby again. If after three sessions the umbilical hernia in newborns, the treatment of which is carried out by this method, is not cured, then the attempts are stopped.

An umbilical hernia bandage is recommended for children to prevent its infringement. A bandage with a pelota promotes recovery, since in the process of the growth of the child, the muscles of the abdominal wall are strengthened and the diameter of the umbilical ring decreases, which leads to the irreversible closure of the hernial orifice.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment of umbilical hernia by gluing coins, beans, "conspiracies" is used by the people quite often, although it does not help get rid of the disease. Wide use these methods were obtained only due to the fact that umbilical hernia in infants often resolves on its own.

The use of a copper patch attached with a patch can provoke skin irritation with the addition of an infection and an allergic reaction.

Whey compress, fern treatment, clay cakes, infusion oak bark and that similar procedures do not have a scientific evidence base.

Prevention

The following areas of preventive measures can be distinguished:

Prevention of conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure: avoid increased gas formation and constipation (diet of a breastfeeding mother), do not let the baby scream and cry for a long time.
Strengthening the anterior abdominal wall: preventive massage, laying on the stomach, infant swimming.

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Understand the protrusion of internal organs through the anterior abdominal wall due to weakness of the muscles of the umbilical ring. This protrusion is usually oval or round in shape.

The navel in a newborn is formed in place of the umbilical ring, in which the vessels of the umbilical cord passed. In the first month of life, the ring in most cases overgrows.

If the ring does not close completely, then internal organs protrude under the skin through the remaining hole: intestinal loops, peritoneum, greater omentum. The protrusion of these organs and forms a hernia. The remaining hole in the place of the umbilical ring is called the hernial ring, and the protrusion itself is called the hernial sac.

Causes of an umbilical hernia

Every third premature newborn an umbilical hernia is found.

There are congenital and acquired umbilical hernia. It occurs, according to statistics, in every 5th full-term and in every 3rd premature baby.

Causes of congenital umbilical hernia:

Most often, an umbilical hernia is the result of a genetic predisposition to muscle weakness anterior abdominal wall. If any of the parents of the baby had an umbilical hernia in childhood, then the probability of her having a child increases to 70%.
An umbilical hernia occurs when the muscles of the umbilical ring are weak. Its appearance is not associated with the method of circumcision of the umbilical cord and the imposition of an umbilical bracket. Anatomical muscle weakness may be the result of exposure to the fetus of various factors (infectious, physical, chemical), causing delay fetal development. As a result, underdeveloped connective tissue(collagen fibers), which leads to improper formation of the structure of the umbilical ring.

Congenital hernia is usually formed in the first month of a baby's life.

Causes of acquired umbilical hernia:

The muscles of the umbilical ring after childbirth are still weak. Accompanying illnesses in a newborn (hypotrophy, rickets) cause an additional decrease in muscle tone, which contributes to the occurrence of a hernia.
, frequent prolonged crying of the child, intestinal colic, increased gas formation contribute constant voltage muscles of the abdominal wall, increased intra-abdominal pressure and, as a result, slow and incomplete overgrowth of the umbilical ring, thereby creating conditions for the occurrence of a hernia.

Acquired umbilical hernia appears in the first year of life. Sometimes a hernia has no apparent cause.

Symptoms of an umbilical hernia

An umbilical hernia looks like a bulge or protrusion of various shapes and sizes, located near the navel. The navel itself also protrudes somewhat more than usual. If the size of the umbilical ring is small, then the navel rises by about 5 mm, and in the case of a large ring, the navel protrudes by 10 mm or more.

As a rule, a hernia appears after the fall of the umbilical cord. It usually ranges in size from a pea to a large plum or pear. The shape and size of the hernia depend on the size of the umbilical ring.

Most of all, the protrusion is noticeable when the child is crying, it can increase in size when crying, tension in the tummy during a bowel movement.

With light pressure on the hernia, it disappears (resets). The protrusion is soft to the touch. When repositioning, you can hear the rumbling of the intestines. The significant size of the umbilical ring and the hernial sac itself allow you to see the contraction of the muscles of the intestinal wall and the movement of food through the intestines. Hernia usually does not cause pain in babies.

The course of the disease depends entirely on the size of the hernia. If its size is small, then it can be seen only when the abdomen is tense. A pediatrician may not see such a hernia during examination if the child was calm. At big size hernial sac is not hidden in a calm state of the child, the protrusion is constantly visible.

At the same time, the baby may show anxiety, which is even more pronounced when the weather changes, that is, the child becomes weather dependent. The baby's anxiety is not caused by painful sensations, but discomfort due to the bloating that often occurs with a hernia.

If an umbilical hernia is detected, it is necessary to consult a surgeon who, after examination, will prescribe, if necessary, proper treatment, will give advice on the care and monitoring of the child. A hernia can grow in size over time, but timely diagnosis and proper conservative treatment will help get rid of this pathology. Surgeons in very rare cases decide on the need for surgical treatment. Babies have hernias, even large sizes have a tendency to self-heal.

Complications

As a rule, an umbilical hernia disappears on its own, without any intervention, as the child grows and the abdominal muscles strengthen. Usually it does not bring the child a deterioration in health. In extremely rare cases, complications arise: infringement of the hernia or rupture of it.

At strangulated hernia intestinal loops or other tissues of the abdominal cavity (in girls it may be the ovary) are pinched, strongly pinched in the hernial sac. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

the hernia is not reduced into the abdominal cavity (in no case should you try to force it to be reduced!);
when infringed appears strong pain in the abdomen, because of which the child cries loudly;
the baby's belly is swollen;
nausea appears, vomiting is possible;
the protrusion increases in size;
the skin of the hernial sac is sensitive, coarsened, reddened.

Another complication is extremely rare - hernia rupture: the skin over the hernial sac is torn, its contents are exposed.

Any of these complications require immediate surgical treatment.

Treatment

There are conservative and operational methods treatment of umbilical hernia in children.

According to statistics, in 99% of cases, self-healing from an umbilical hernia occurs (without any intervention): hernias up to 1 cm in diameter disappear by 2-3 years, sometimes later - by 5 years, when the abdominal press is already more developed. Doctors advise using conservative therapy methods to speed up and intensify the healing process. This allows you to get rid of a hernia of even large sizes in six months.

Conservative treatment

A child with an umbilical hernia should eat optimally mother's milk. At the same time, the mother must follow a diet that prevents constipation in the baby.

To methods conservative treatment umbilical hernia include:

special bandage on the navel;
proper feeding;
massage;
physiotherapy.

The surgeon may suggest treatment with a special bandage, which he applies for 10 days. For this, a special hypoallergenic patch is usually used; the usual patch causes skin irritation in the baby and gives him discomfort. Before applying a bandage, the surgeon himself sets the hernial sac and connects 2 folds of skin over the hernial protrusion. The folds help to get closer muscle fibers. This facilitates the fusion of the umbilical ring, and the patch does not allow for re-protrusion. If the protrusions are constantly repeated, then fusion will not occur.

The bandage is not removed even when bathing the child. After 10 days, the doctor re-examines the child and evaluates the size of the umbilical ring. If it remains open, then the patch is applied again, also for 10 days. As a rule, three times the dressing is sufficient. Currently, many doctors have abandoned this method of treatment.

Parents themselves should not try to tighten the skin over the hernia and seal the umbilical region with a band-aid. Firstly, it is possible to incorrectly reposition the protrusion and harm the health of the child. Secondly, the doctor evaluates the dynamics of ring fusion and the advisability of further use of dressings.

Moreover, you should not experiment on your own child, trying to treat a hernia with folk conspiracies, applying a copper coin, etc. This can damage the baby’s delicate skin, infection and complications. Improper reduction of a hernia can cause her infringement. Hernia in infants should be treated only under the supervision of doctors.

Ideally, a child with an umbilical hernia should receive breast-feeding. To avoid constipation in a baby, the mother should exclude the use of nuts, legumes, sausages, smoked meats; replace with dairy products. The nutrition of the child artificial feeding it is necessary to coordinate with the pediatrician in order to exclude the appearance of constipation, increased gas formation and colic in the baby. You should also not allow prolonged crying, the cry of a child.

Daily gymnastics and massage with the child help to speed up the infection of the umbilical ring. They are necessary even with a small hernia. Massage and gymnastics can be started from 2-3 weeks of a child's life, after the umbilical wound has healed. It is best to conduct classes with an exercise therapy instructor ( physiotherapy exercises) and a children's masseur.

Indeed, excessive efforts during inept massage or exercise therapy can lead to tension in the anterior abdominal wall (increase in intra-abdominal pressure), which is undesirable for a child with a hernia. Before starting classes, it is necessary to set the protrusion, which also needs to be done carefully and skillfully. If there is no possibility of classes with a children's masseur, then the mother should conduct her first classes with the baby under the supervision and guidance of a pediatrician. You can also watch videos on the technique of massage, presented in abundance on the Internet.

Classes therapeutic gymnastics mother can carry out with the baby on her own, because these exercises are not particularly difficult.

From 2 months of age, the baby should be laid out on the tummy for 15-20 minutes (before feeding) 3-4 times a day on a flat and hard surface (for example, a changing table covered with a diaper). You can lay out the child for 2-3 minutes, but many times (10-15 times a day).

Bright toys should be placed in front of the child, he will reach for them and develop and strengthen the abdominal muscles. active movements the trunk and limbs will contribute to the discharge of gases and reduce intra-abdominal pressure.

At the same time, it is impossible to leave a child unattended in a position on his stomach (even a small one who cannot roll over on his own).

Surgical treatment

In case of failure of conservative treatment, the issue of surgical intervention. This operation belongs to the category of simple, the technique of its implementation is well known to surgeons. Emergency surgical treatment is carried out in case of complications of a hernia (infringement or rupture) at any age of the child.

Indications for planned surgical intervention for umbilical hernia:

the size of the hernia exceeds 1.5 cm and continues to increase (the probability of self-healing with this size is low);
the appearance of a hernia in a child older than 6 months;
an increase in the size of the hernia after the baby reaches the age of 1-2 years;
self-healing did not occur by 5 years of age;
trunk-shaped hernia;
a hernia causes discomfort to the child.

A planned operation is carried out when the child reaches the age of three and older. But if the hernia causes pain, then the operation can be performed even on a three-month-old baby. Be sure to perform the operation at preschool age, because as the child grows, tissue elasticity decreases - this can cause the development of a large hernia and increases the risk of complications. In this case, displacement of internal organs and a violation of their function may occur. It is easier, easier and faster to treat a hernia in childhood, because the body is not completely formed.

Treatment of an umbilical hernia in newborns seems to be something scary. However, find out what it is and all fears will disappear. It will immediately become clear how to treat an umbilical hernia in a newborn.

"Provocateur" of the appearance of a hernia, symptoms and diagnosis

The diagnosis of "umbilical hernia" occurs constantly. Do not panic ahead of time, because it is not so difficult to cure it.

It is popularly believed that an umbilical hernia appears due to the fault of a doctor who cut the umbilical cord after the birth of the baby. But, we must not forget that before a woman performed this procedure and encountered umbilical hernia less frequently. Hence, medical intervention can not affect the appearance of pathology, as it is not related to the abdominal muscles.

You can read about how to properly handle the navel of a newborn.

The main cause of an umbilical hernia is heredity. If in childhood the parents had a similar disease, then future baby is likely to be subject to it.

Parents are interested in what an umbilical hernia looks like in newborns.

It is enough to examine the baby and see that this seal is the size of a pea in the navel. It appears due to insufficient development of the muscles of the abdominal cavity.

In addition to genetic predisposition, umbilical hernia in newborns, the causes for which may be different, occurs under the influence of such factors:

prematurity;
intrauterine pressure (appears when crying).

The main symptom of an umbilical hernia in an infant is a characteristic bulge in the region of the umbilical ring. If you press on this seal, it will fail with a characteristic sound. With the normal development of the muscles of the peritoneum, this does not happen.

A qualified pediatrician/surgeon can make a diagnosis of an umbilical hernia in newborns that has not yet shown symptoms.

This bulge becomes noticeable when the baby cries, pushes. The swelling of the navel does not bring discomfort to him and rarely develops into a disease or infringement.

Signs of an umbilical hernia may not appear after birth and make themselves felt in the second or third week of a child's life.

Possible Complications

Hernia incarceration

Intestinal tissues are pinched in the hernial sac.

The symptoms are:

loud crying baby
the bulge on the umbilical ring cannot be set;
tissues are swollen and hardened;
possible nausea, vomiting, bloating.

Rupture of the skin over the hernial sac

With such complications, the treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns requires immediate medical intervention. Timely help guarantees the absence of any negative consequences.

The best ways to get rid of an umbilical hernia

Treatment at home for umbilical hernia in newborns is possible. traditional medicine offers many options, as well as folk remedies.

There are special patches, bandages, massage courses, physical exercise and a lot folk methods to eliminate hernia.

Surgery

This method of treatment is radical and is used in case of complications or lack of results after traditional treatment.

Treatment of an umbilical hernia in newborns is a common medical procedure that every surgeon is familiar with.. Usually a child is operated on when they reach 3 years of age. But, the exact age is determined by the doctor.

The operation is done at the age of 5 years, not earlier. In 70% of cases, self-healing of the umbilical hernia occurs.

Surgery is needed sooner if:

a hernia appeared in a baby after reaching the age of six months;
the size of the hernia increases;
the hernial sac has a trunk-like shape;
a hernia causes discomfort to the baby.

Any surgeon can easily answer the question of how to remove an umbilical hernia in a newborn with the help of an operation: under general anesthesia a small incision is made under the umbilical ring. The contents of the hernial sac are reduced, it is sutured, the muscles of the abdominal cavity are strengthened, after which sutures are applied.

During surgery, the main thing is to follow all the recommendations of the doctor. Then there will be no risk.

Manual treatment

Massage for an umbilical hernia in a newborn is one of the top methods of treatment.

Since a hernia appears due to muscle weakness, they need to be strengthened. Massage is an aid and accelerates self-healing.

You can start a massage course only after the complete healing of the umbilical wound. It is necessary to conduct such sessions 2-3 times a day, but not after meals..

Massage technique

Without pressing, massage the baby's stomach with the palm of your hand around the navel counterclockwise.
In the same circular motion, massage the abdomen with your fingers, increasing the pressure.
Big and index finger massage the area under the navel, moving to the sides and back.

It is advised to massage counterclockwise, since it is in this direction that the large intestine passes.

Watch the video and find out what kind of massage helped a newborn get rid of an umbilical hernia.

Therapeutic exercises

Exercise therapy can help strengthen the muscles of the peritoneum. In combination with other means, gymnastics gives a wonderful result.

The ideal option would be to contact qualified specialist according to LFC. It will show you what exercises to do. However, you can exercise with your baby on your own from the age of two months.

To strengthen the abdominal muscles of the baby, it is necessary every day for 15-20 minutes to spread it on the tummy on a hard surface. In front of the baby, put his favorite toys, shiny or interesting things. The child will reach for the object, thereby developing weak muscles. Over time, increase the number of sessions per day to 4. You can also lay out the baby for 2-3 minutes, but do about 10 approaches.

When, moms do not hurt to get acquainted with some secrets and features water procedures for babies. In addition, here you will find a scheme for treating an umbilical wound.

When the baby turns 3 months old, mothers think about whether their baby is developing correctly for their age. Let's cover this topic.

When the baby reaches one year, you can go to the pool with him. Swimming increases the overall tone of the body, thus strengthening muscles and promoting healing.

Self-healing occurs in 70% of cases, by a maximum of six years, due to the strengthening of the abdominal muscles with age. If it has not come, then the operation should be done before the onset of school age.

Shershnev Roman Anatolyevich, pediatric surgeon, Nizhny Novgorod

The size of the hernial protrusion depends on the size of the umbilical ring.

Treatment is surgical, but the operation should be carried out no earlier than 4-5 years, because in 70% there is a self-healing.

Savina Anna Valerievna, doctor general practice, Moscow

In no case do not self-medicate and do not believe in the power of conspiracies.

Sytnikov Kirill Alexandrovich, chiropractor, Krasnodar

In addition to the frequent laying out of the baby on the stomach, use exercises on the ball.

They make the muscles work and kids love them.

Watch video from pediatric surgeon, which in a simple and understandable language will tell about the causes and methods of treatment of umbilical hernia in newborns.

Umbilical hernia in children: treatment with alternative methods and methods of fixation

It is often possible to treat an umbilical hernia without surgery. As the abdominal muscles strengthen, the disease disappears.

Bandage

Bandage for umbilical hernia for newborns is very popular. It sets and fixes the hernial sac, and also supports the hernial orifice.

Wearing a bandage is prescribed by the doctor individually.

You can buy a bandage for an umbilical hernia for a newborn at a pharmacy or medical equipment. Its effectiveness has not been proven, but it is used for treatment and prevention.

Patch

For the treatment of umbilical hernia, a special Porofix patch (Porofix) is used, conventional patches cannot be used.

An umbilical hernia patch for newborns works on the same principle. The navel is set, and a special Porofix patch is glued to the crease on the abdomen.

Change the patch depending on the skin reaction and when wet.

You can buy a patch for umbilical hernia in newborns at a pharmacy at a hospital, or at any city pharmacy.

Ordinary patches do not allow air to pass through and are not suitable for baby's delicate skin..

Conspiracies

An umbilical hernia plot in a newborn is a common remedy among the people. But don't trust your baby's health to superstitions..

Conspiracies can only be carried out if medical supervision and treatment of the child is carried out. The conspiracy could be psychological means reassure parents.

Combinations of all the above methods can be used in consultation with your doctor. Comprehensive muscle development will help accelerate self-healing.

Top 3 Preventive Measures

Breast-feeding. Promotes proper development baby, and therefore his abdominal muscles.
Don't let the child push. To do this, you need to solve the cause of crying as soon as possible.
Prevent rickets.