home Audience 6 How is anesthesia administered after surgery? Pain injection - a simple method of anesthesia

How is anesthesia administered after surgery? Pain injection - a simple method of anesthesia

Pain can disturb a person different reasons. For some, they occur after an injury, while for others they appear as a result of muscle spasms. internal organs etc. It should be especially noted that in some cases similar condition can lead to complications such as pain shock or loss of consciousness. That is why in some situations the patient is given painkillers. What drugs are used for this, we will consider a little further.

Why are they needed?

As you know, anesthetic injections are prescribed to patients to completely eliminate or mitigate discomfort during operations, after injury, and also in other cases. Today there are a huge number medicines, which are used to noticeably extinguish the feeling of pain. It should be noted that these drugs are different names and designed for different situations.

Ingredients used for dental treatment

With toothache, as well as their treatment or removal, dentists make a local injection. Such an injection blocks the nerve impulse only in a certain area. Most of these anesthetics contain the following components:

Injections used for dental treatment

What are the most effective and strongest painkillers used in dentistry when extracting a tooth or treating it? Such medicines include drugs:

"Septodont";
"Septonest";
"Ubestesin";
"Ultracain";
Mepivastezin.

Medication "Ketorol"

This drug is intended for pain relief injections. Its active ingredient is ketorolac. This substance contributes to the inhibition of thermoregulation and pain sensitivity. In addition, it has a depressing effect on the synthesis of prostaglandins - modulators of inflammatory processes - and the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes. After such an injection, the patient begins to notice its analgesic effect after about 30 minutes. Usually, this drug appointed for:

Anesthetic injection for hemorrhoids

If inflamed hemorrhoids cause unbearable pain, then doctors prescribe novocaine blockade to patients. To do this, anesthetic injections are made in the tissues that are located next to the anus. If the patient has a crack, then he is prescribed drugs such as:

Spazmalgon;
"Baralgin".

Pain medication "Ketonal"

The active ingredient in this drug is ketoprofen. It has anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antipyretic effects. It can be purchased without a doctor's prescription. The injection "Ketonal" is shown in the following cases:

pain after injury and surgery;
bursitis;
gout;
gendenites;
pain during menstruation and algomenorrhea;
arthritis (all types).

Contraindications to the use of "Ketonal"

Such an anesthetic injection is strictly prohibited in the following cases:

ulcer of the duodenum and stomach;
intolerance to the substances of the drug;
bleeding history;
hepatic or kidney failure;
asthma;
non-ulcer dyspepsia;
during pregnancy;
children under 14 years of age;
during childbirth;
during lactation.

The drug for pain "Diclofenac"

This medication belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs derived from phenylacetic acid. It has a pronounced antipyretic and analgesic effect. Shown in cases such as:

Contraindications to the use of the drug

acute rhinitis;
children under 7 years old;
urticaria;
bronchial asthma;
hypersensitivity to the substances of the drug;
during lactation;
in the last 3 months of pregnancy;
kidney and liver diseases;
internal bleeding;
stomach and duodenal ulcer.

Other pain medications

The strongest painkillers are given for oncology, especially on her final stages. To do this, doctors prescribe (strictly by prescription) such a narcotic analgesic as the drug Morphine Hydrochloride. If you are worried about pancreatitis, then you can use the following drugs: "Odeston", "Mebeverine" or "Dicetel". Among other things, such well-known medicines as No-shpa and Papaverine are also highly valued.

Pain relievers during childbirth

During childbirth, medicines such as Petedin, Dolantin, Promedol, Fentanyl and Meperidine are most often used as an anesthetic. It's pretty effective drugs, the effect of which is already noticeable within 10 minutes after direct administration. But such drugs still have their contraindications and side effects. In this regard, they are appointed only after the permission of the expectant mother or in case of emergency. In general, the dosages of these funds are very small, so they practically do not affect the child negatively. Moreover, they are administered only when the cervix of the woman in labor is already 5-6 centimeters dilated.

The connoisseur of human souls, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, once said that pain is indispensable for "broad consciousness and a deep heart." Do not take the words of the classic literally. Untreated pain is a severe blow to health and psyche. Moreover, doctors have learned how to cope with it: they have dozens of different painkillers in their arsenal.

Acute pain comes on suddenly and lasts for a limited amount of time. It is caused by tissue damage - bone fractures, sprains, injuries to internal organs, caries and many other diseases. Usually with acute attacks analgesics do well, and this is undoubtedly a positive phenomenon that gives hope for relief.

Chronic pain lasts longer than 6 months and is likely related to chronic illness. Osteoarthritis, rheumatism, gout, malignant tumors manifest themselves in severe, debilitating attacks that are resistant to treatment. Prolonged pain is not only the result of damaged tissues, but often a consequence of destroyed nerves.

Both acute and chronic pain can be so severe that the person experiencing it sometimes falls into a deep depression. As sad as it is, chronic pain suffer up to 80% of the world's population - this figure was obtained as a result of large epidemiological studies. And therefore, doctors do not get tired of studying this phenomenon and looking for new ways to deal with it. So, what are they, painkillers?

Diverse world of analgesics

When you come to the pharmacy for painkillers, it seems that there is nothing complicated in your request. And only when the pharmacist begins to ask a lot of additional questions, it becomes clear: in reality, everything is not so simple.

In pharmacology - the science of drugs - there are many groups of painkillers, each of which is used for a specific type of pain.

So, all analgesics are conditionally divided into:

pyrazolones and combinations thereof;
combined analgesics containing several components at once;
anti-migraine agents indicated for the treatment of migraine headache;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
COX-2 inhibitors;
narcotic analgesics;
antispasmodics;
specific analgesics.

Let's deal with each of these groups separately and find out which painkillers to choose in a particular case.

Pyrazolones and their combinations: traditional painkillers

Typical representatives of painkillers are pyrazolones. This group includes the "father" of all analgesics, which has become the "gold standard" of pain treatment - His Majesty Analgin.

Analgin

Analgin, or metamizole sodium, has not only an analgesic effect. It also has a slight antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect. Nevertheless, analgin gained wide popularity and even fame as a drug against many types of pain.

The negative side of Analgin is not the highest security. With frequent long-term use metamizole sodium causes significant changes in the blood picture, so it is recommended to take it "rarely, but aptly". In the Russian market, metamizole sodium is produced under the traditional name Analgin. In addition, the Indian drug Baralgin M and Metamizole sodium produced in Macedonia are registered in the Russian Federation.

The complex analgesic drug Analgin-quinine, manufactured by the Bulgarian company Sopharma, contains two components: metamizole sodium and quinine. The main task that quinine performs in this complex is to reduce elevated temperature body. Due to the combination of powerful antipyretic quinine and analgesic metamizole, Analgin-quinine is an excellent choice for fever and joint pain of catarrhal origin. In addition, the drug is also used for dental, articular, periodic and other types of pain.

Baralgetas, Spazmalgon

Both drugs are among the most popular combined analgesics-antispasmodics in our country. They contain the same combination: metamizole sodium, pitofenone, fenpivirinium bromide.

Each of the components enhances the action of each other. Metamizole is a classic analgesic, pitofenone has an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscles, and fenpivirinium bromide additionally relaxes smooth muscles. Thanks to a very successful combination, Baralgetas and Spazmolgon are used in the most a wide range indications in adults and children. We list the main ones:

various types of pain caused by spasm of blood vessels or smooth muscle organs: headache, periodic, spasm of the ureter, renal, hepatic, biliary colic, colitis;
fever.
Baralgetas and Spazmolgon in injectable form - an ambulance for very high temperature body when traditional antipyretics are powerless. The drugs are used even to relieve fever in children, including up to a year of life. For each year of life use 0.1 ml injection solution Baralgetas (Spasmolgon);
increased blood pressure.
Relaxing spasmodic vessels, painkillers medications Baralgin and Spazmolgon help with little high blood pressure(10–20 mm Hg above normal);
increased tone of the uterus during pregnancy.
IN last years Baralgetas (Spasmolgon) painkillers are increasingly being used during pregnancy to reduce increased tone uterus. At the same time, they have a certain advantage over another antispasmodic, which has traditionally been used to relax the uterus - drotaverine. Recently it turned out that after 20 weeks of pregnancy, drotaverine can help soften the cervix. This is highly undesirable, especially for women suffering from isthmic-cervical insufficiency. But it is this category of patients who, more than others, needs antispasmodics that reduce uterine tone.

Unlike drotaverine, Baralgetas (Spazmolgon) does not affect the cervix and can be safely used at any stage of pregnancy.

In addition to Baralgetas and Spazmolgon, their Ukrainian analogue- Renalgan tablets.

The famous spring green coated tablets have been known since Soviet Union. The painkiller, which has been consistently produced by the Bulgarian company Sopharma for many decades, contains two active ingredients: metamizole sodium (analgin) and triacetonamine-4-toluenesulfonate. The latter has a so-called anxiolytic effect, reducing anxiety, tension, arousal. In addition, it increases the effect of analgin.

Tempalgin and its analogue Tempanginol are used for pain syndrome moderate and low degree expressiveness.

Combined painkillers: difficult but effective

The central component of most combined analgesics, as a rule, is paracetamol. Safe drug, which is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has several effects at once: moderate analgesic and antipyretic, as well as extremely slight anti-inflammatory. paracetamol and in pure form a fairly strong analgesic, and when additional components are added to it, its qualities are enhanced. As a rule, combined analgesics, which include paracetamol, are used to relieve pain from colds. Let's get down to specifics.

Vicks Active SymptoMax and Vicks Active SymptoMax Plus

Vicks Active SymptoMax contains paracetamol in combination with phenylephrine. The latter has a vasoconstrictive effect, so the drug not only effectively reduces joint and muscle pain characteristic of a cold, but also reduces nasal congestion.

The composition of Vicks Active SymptoMax Plus, in addition to paracetamol and phenylephrine, also includes guaifenesin, a substance that helps to thin the nasal secretion.

Means with a fairly pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Brustan and Ibuklin contain paracetamol and one of the most powerful antipyretic and analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - ibuprofen. At the same time, the concentrations of both components are quite high (paracetamol 325 mg, and ibuprofen at a dose of 400 mg). Through an effective combination and high dosage Brustan and Ibuklin have a pronounced analgesic and antipyretic effect. Ibuklin Junior is designed to reduce pain and fever in children and is available in dispersible form (in the form of tablets that dissolve in the mouth).

Brustan's analogues also include the widely advertised drug Next, containing 400 mg of ibuprofen and 200 mg of paracetamol, as well as Nurofen MultiSymptom (400 mg + 325 mg).

An Austrian drug, which includes caffeine, paracetamol and propyphenazone, is a drug from the pyrazolone group that has a moderate analgesic and antipyretic effect. Caffeine in the composition of combined analgesics plays a very significant role - it dilates blood vessels and enhances the effect of the main analgesic components. Gevadal is recommended for use in moderate headache, muscle, periodic pain.

Dolaren

Both the first and second tablets have the same composition, including paracetamol and the myotropic antispasmodic dicycloverine, which relieves spasm of smooth muscle organs. It is precisely due to the content of dicycloverine that Dolospa and Trigan quite effectively stop pain in renal, biliary and intestinal colic, including when urolithiasis. In addition, they can be taken spastic constipation and spasms of other origin in the gastrointestinal tract.

Line Caffetin

Very popular among combined analgesics and the Caffetin line. It includes three drugs that differ in composition and indications:

Caffetin Cold contains a classic anti-cold combination;
Caffetin is a true combination pain reliever tablet containing codeine, caffeine, paracetamol and propyphenazone.
Codeine is a natural narcotic analgesic that blocks opiate receptors. The remaining components of the drug (with the exception of caffeine, which we have already talked about) have antispasmodic and general analgesic properties. Due to the saturated composition, caffetin relieves toothache and headaches well, including migraine, muscle pain. various origins, articular, as well as periodic pain in women. Due to the inclusion of codeine, Caffetin is sold exclusively by prescription;
Caffetin Light.
"Light" variation of the analgesic containing paracetamol, propyphenazone and caffeine. Pain medication Caffetin Light can be bought without a prescription and used for various types of light and moderate pain.

The list of sufficiently strong painkillers is replenished by the well-known Russian combined analgesic in tablets. The number of components is "hidden" in the name of the drug: "penta" in Greek means "five". So, the composition of Pentalgin includes:

drotaverine - myotropic antispasmodic;
caffeine;
naproxen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
paracetamol;
pheniramine maleate - a component that has an antiallergic effect.

Pentalgin is quite effective for headaches, fever, as well as severe pain that accompanies neuralgia.

Migraine: pain that is not easy to relieve

Migraine pain is persistent and severe. Migraine attacks are not easy to stop. The pathological chain, which leads to a sudden and significant vasoconstriction, has already been launched, and it is difficult to break. Conventional analgesics are often powerless, and anti-migraine painkillers that dilate blood vessels come to the rescue.

Sumatriptan is an active substance (and drug) that relieves migraine pain. It begins to act 30 minutes after application. The standard dosage of sumatriptan is 50 mg, and if it is ineffective, you can take two tablets per day (total 100 mg). Maximum daily dose 300 mg.

Sumatriptan-containing drugs include Amigrenin, Imigran, Migrepam, Rapimed, Sumamigren, Trimigren.

Zolmitriptan

An agent that acts similarly to sumatriptan. The original drug zolmitriptan is produced by the British corporation Astra Zeneca under the name Zomig and Zomig Rapimelt.

Eletriptan

An effective analgesic drug that is used to treat migraine, including severe pain. Eletriptan shows the best results when used at the very beginning of a migraine attack, but the effectiveness is maintained in any period. Today, only one eletriptan drug is registered in Russia - the original Relpax, which is produced by the American super giant Pfizer.

Frovatriptan

Another active ingredient that effectively dilates blood vessels and helps with migraines. It is represented by the German drug Frovamigran.

NSAIDs - effective pain relief

A special place in the range of painkillers, of course, belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And although almost all of them have an analgesic effect, we will mention only those that are distinguished by the most pronounced analgesic activity.

Ibuprofen

One of the safest NSAIDs, which has antipyretic and analgesic properties. The safety of Ibuprofen is underscored by the fact that the drug is approved for pain relief and fever even in neonates and infants. The drug is available in tablets, syrups, suppositories, as well as in local forms (ointments and gels) for pain relief of joints and muscles. Adult dosage enough to relieve pain moderate degree, is 400 mg. Most well-known drugs ibuprofen: Dolgit, Ibuprom, Ipren, Nurofen.

Aspirin

Despite a certain analgesic activity, Aspirin is not used so often for pain relief. This is due to the aggressiveness of high doses. acetylsalicylic acid- the active substance Aspirin - in relation to the mucosa digestive tract. However, the Bayer company produces an effervescent and tablet form of Aspirin, designed to relieve pain and reduce fever.

Naproxen

Representative of NSAIDs, which, along with ibuprofen, is mainly used as an analgesic. Like all other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, naproxen preparations are used with caution in diseases of the digestive tract. Most often, naproxen is prescribed for the relief of dental, headache, periodical and rheumatic pain. In addition, naproxen can be used as an effective modern pain reliever for bone fractures or soft tissue injuries.

IN Russian pharmacies naproxen is sold under trade names: Apranax, Nalgezin and Nalgezin forte, Naprobene, Pronaxen, Sanaprox.

Ketorolac

Ketorolac is on the list of the most powerful painkillers. Its analgesic properties are comparable to those of some opioid narcotic analgesics. However, ketorolac preparations should only be used in extreme cases when other means fail. This is due to side effects that occur with regular or long-term pain relief. Ketorolac treatment is accompanied by irritation of the gastric mucosa (in 13% of cases), nausea (in 12% of cases), abdominal pain and even diarrhea (in 12 and 7% of patients, respectively). In addition, ketorolac can cause headache (in 17% of patients), dizziness (7%) and drowsiness (in 6%). Cases noted severe lesions stomach, including those with perforation and subsequent bleeding, as well as liver and kidney failure in patients who have been taking ketorolac for a long time.

However, potent ketorolac may be indispensable for severe pain resulting from fractures and injuries, as well as an analgesic drug for oncological diseases and after operations. By the way, it does not have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. There are several trade names on the domestic market, and among them are Dolak, Dolomin, Ketalgin, Ketanov, Ketorol, Ketofril, Toradol, Torolak and others.

Safe Pain Relieving COX-2 Inhibitors or Coxibs

These drugs are classified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, a special mechanism of action and the special effectiveness associated with this and, most importantly, safety, give reason to single them out as a separate subgroup of painkillers.

COX-2 inhibitors, unlike other NSAIDs, do not block COX-1, which protects the gastric mucosa. Therefore, they are not aggressive towards organs. gastrointestinal tract, and can be used in people with a history of peptic ulcer disease. However, most experts agree that coxibs in such cases should be taken with caution.

During treatment with COX-2 inhibitors in patients with peptic ulcer or stomach bleeding in the past recommend drinking inhibitors proton pump. These tools block the production of hydrochloric acid and thus protect the gastric mucosa.

We add that the most well-known proton pump inhibitors include omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole and pantoprazole.

Celecoxib

The first of the painkillers of the coxibs type registered in Russia. Great for reducing inflammation and pain relief. Used for exacerbation rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and others rheumatic diseases, including those with severe pain syndrome.

Celecoxib is available under the trade names Dilaxa, Coxib, Celebrex, the original Pfizer drug.

Rofecoxib

Another representative of coxibs, which is prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation in acute and chronic osteoarthritis, a pain syndrome of any origin. In Russian pharmacies, it is available under the name Viox in the form of a suspension and tablets. The manufacturer of the drug is the Dutch company Merck.

Parecoxib

This drug occupies a special position among analgesics - it has a parenteral, that is, injectable form of release. Parecoxib has a less pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, but this disadvantage more than compensates for its high analgesic capabilities. In Russia, parecoxib is sold under the name Dynastat. It is produced by the British company Pharmacia in the form of a lyophilized powder, from which a solution for intramuscular or intravenous injection is prepared immediately before use.

Dynastat is widely used as a powerful analgesic injection for severe pain, including after surgery or quite sensitive pain. diagnostic studies(for example, colonoscopy), as well as pain from fractures and injuries. In addition, Dynastat is sometimes prescribed for the pain relief of cancer patients in order to reduce the dose of narcotic analgesics.

Etoricoxib

One of the most modern coxibs, which organically combines anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The drug is used for symptomatic, that is, analgesic therapy of osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Etoricoxib is marketed by Pfizer under the name Arcoxia.

Reserve drugs - narcotic analgesics

Narcotic analgesics block opioid receptors and thereby inhibit the transmission of pain impulses. In addition, they reduce the emotional assessment of pain and reaction to it, and also cause euphoria and a sense of spiritual comfort. To avoid the formation of dependence, narcotic analgesics are used only in extreme cases, for example, to relieve acute pain. In addition, opioid analgesics are used in anesthesiology for the so-called premedication - preparing the patient before the introduction of epidural and spinal anesthesia.

Narcotic painkillers registered in the Russian Federation include codeine, fentanyl, morphine and some others.

Due to the content of codeine, the group of opioid narcotic analgesics in combinations also includes the well-known drugs Nurofen Plus and Sedalgin Neo.

Nurofen Plus

A drug from the Nurofen line, which is produced by British company Rekkit Healthcare contains ibuprofen 200 mg and codeine 10 mg. Nurofen Plus tablets effectively anesthetize the head and toothache migraine pain, periodic pain in women, pain in the back, muscles and joints, pain in neuralgia and spinal hernia. In addition, the drug helps well with fever and pain, characteristic of colds and flu. Nurofen Plus should not be taken by children under 12 years of age.

Known since ancient times, the Bulgarian pain reliever produced by Activis Sedalgin Neo also fell into the group of combined opioid analgesics. Sedalgin Neo contains a combination of five active ingredients, including codeine, caffeine, metamizole sodium, paracetamol and phenobarbital. Due to the latter, the medicine provides not only an anesthetic, but also sedative action. Sedalgin Neo is effective for neuralgia, neuritis, migraine, as well as pain of various origins, including rheumatic, headache, dental, phantom, post-burn, traumatic, postoperative and periodic. In addition, the drug can also be used for fever and aches during SARS and influenza.

Myotropic antispasmodics: both pain and spasm

Myotropic antispasmodics are able to reduce the flow of active calcium into the cells of smooth muscle fibers. As a result, there is an expansion of smooth muscles and blood vessels, a decrease in pressure, which provides the drugs with an antispasmodic and analgesic effect.

The most popular myotropic antispasmodic is the good old drotaverine. It has a pronounced antispasmodic effect and high safety. Drotaverine is used as an anesthetic for various diseases accompanied by spasm of smooth muscle organs, including:

chronic gastroduodenitis;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
chronic cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder);
biliary dyskinesia;
intestinal dyskinesia;
intestinal colic;
colitis;
proctitis;
flatulence;
renal colic;
spasm of cerebral vessels.

In addition, drotaverine weakens uterine contractions and is used in obstetrics to reduce tone, as well as reduce cervical spasm during childbirth.

Sometimes drotaverine is used at high body temperature against the background of spasm of peripheral vessels. In such cases, the patient has a pronounced fever and contrasting cold extremities.

For effective normalization body temperature with spasm of peripheral vessels, traditional antipyretics - paracetamol or ibuprofen - are used in combination with drotaverine.

Dozens of analogues of drotaverine are sold on the domestic market. We will list the most popular of them: Vero-Drotaverin, Droverin, Drotaverin-Teva, No-shpa, No-shpa forte (80 mg dosage), Spasmol and others.

Dicetel

The drug, which is produced by the French company Abbott, contains pinaverium bromide as an active ingredient. It, like drotaverine, relieves spasm of smooth muscle fibers and blood vessels. Ditsetel tablets are used to relieve spastic bowel contractions, including irritable bowel syndrome, biliary dyskinesia.

Duspatalin

The same company Abbott produces another myotropic antispasmodic Duspatalin. It contains mebeverine, which has antispasmodic and analgesic effects.

Duspatalin is the original drug brand. There are also its analogues, which differ in a more economical price. These include Mebeverine hydrochloride, Niaspasm, Sparex.

Combined antispasmodics

A small group of drugs, which includes only a few medicinal compositions.

The original French drug from Sanofi Aventis contains three active ingredients: drotaverine, codeine and paracetamol. An effective combination provides multiple action. Paracetamol reduces the severity of pain and lowers the temperature, drotaverine reduces spasm, and codeine further enhances the analgesic effect.

No-shpalgin is used for headaches of various origins: tension headache, vascular headache, as well as pain due to overwork or stress. The Indian analogue of No-shpalgin Yunispaz has the same composition and a better price.

Nomigren

A very interesting drug combination is Nomigren, which is produced by Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of five components: propyphenazone, caffeine, camilofine chloride, mecloxamine citrate and ergotamine tartrate.

The active ingredients of the drug Nomigren, enhancing the action of each other, have a strong analgesic effect in migraine and vascular headaches. Best result the medicine shows if it is taken at the very beginning of the attack.

Specific pain medications

This group of drugs refers to analgesics indirectly, and people who are far from medicine and pharmacology are unlikely to draw an analogy between them and painkillers. Officially, specific analgesics belong to the group of anticonvulsants. And even in the instructions for use in the column " Pharmacological group“Anti-epileptic” or “Anticonvulsant” is written in black and white. However, against the background of some anticonvulsant effect, drugs of this group effectively reduce severe postoperative and other types of pain. In addition, they reduce sensation in severe wounds, for example, after breast removal operations and other invasive major interventions, which are characterized by damage. peripheral nerves and the associated hypersensitivity of the postoperative wound.

Gabapentin

Gabapentin effectively blocks the release of neurotransmitters that have an excitatory effect. In large clinical research the role of gabapentin in the treatment of chronic and neuropathic pain. It is associated with the ability of the drug to reduce sensitivity spinal cord, including after surgery or traumatic injury fabrics.

Gabapentin is recommended to prescribe to patients after surgery, including in order to reduce the doses of narcotic analgesics. The high efficacy of gabapentin preparations for pain relief in severe tension headaches, as well as pain associated with spasm of cerebral vessels, has been proven.

In domestic pharmacies, gabapentin is sold under the names Gabagamma, Gapentek, Catena, Neurontin, Tebantin, Egipentin and others.

Pregabalin

A drug that has properties similar to gabapentin. The main difference is the longer half-life, which is why pregabalin is considered the drug of choice for treatment. acute pain, especially in the elderly. Pregabalin indications include neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and postoperative pain. The original pregabalin is produced by the American concern Pfizer under the name Lyrica. In addition, generics are also on the market: Algerica, Prabegin, Pregabalin Zentiva, Pregabalin-Richter and Pregabalin Canon.

As you can see, there is a great variety of painkillers, which includes prescription and over-the-counter, tablet and injectable, strong and not so, modern and time-tested drugs. It is not so easy to choose from this variety the remedy that you need right now, so it is better to rely on the knowledge of a doctor and pharmacist. Rely and live without pain.

Pain is defensive reaction organism. It signals a person about the problem and does not allow it to be ignored. After the operation, due to damage to tissues, muscles, bones, a pain impulse occurs, passing along the nerves to the brain. Reception of analgesics makes it possible to block it, conduct effective recovery body after surgical intervention to save the patient from suffering.

Pain relief after surgery: goals and effectiveness

Postoperative pain management aims to eliminate pain and create good conditions to restore the body. Each person has his pain threshold and attitude towards pain. Poor analgesia causes severe discomfort, unpleasant emotions, interferes with sleep. To avoid this, drugs are prescribed even before the formation of a pain impulse, taking into account the degree of tissue damage, the patient's well-being. is carried out according to special schemes, taking into account the degree of benefit / risk for the mother and fetus.

Advice: for correct measurement pain use the so-called pain ruler (a ten-point scale of pain intensity). If you do not feel a significant effect from the analgesic, ask to have your score measured and make adjustments to the pain management regimen.

Methods of analgesia

After surgery, painkillers are prescribed orally (to be taken orally: tablets, syrups), topically in the form of ointments or injected into the blood, muscles with an injection, venous cannula, epidural catheter. The first method is the simplest, safest and most convenient. But the last method often hurts, discomfort, can provoke the development of inflammation at the injection site, but in some cases it can not be dispensed with. When using an epidural catheter (before the operation, the anesthesiologist injects an anesthetic with a puncture needle into the epidural space between the hard shell of the spinal cord and the periosteum of the vertebrae, and then connects the catheter) during or after the intervention, the patient may feel unpleasant symptoms:

nausea, vomiting;
weakness in the legs;
violation of urination;
lowering blood pressure;
headache, back pain.

When using ointments, gels with analgesic effect, the probability side effects minimal.

Attention! The information on the site is provided by experts, but is for informational purposes and cannot be used for self-treatment. Be sure to consult a doctor!

When a person experiences extremely strong and persistent pain, then apply various means different levels efficiency to relieve this pain. Discomfort can be with any severe illness, for example, with oncology, as well as after surgery, in the treatment of certain teeth, and so on. One of the simplest and most direct methods of pain relief is an injection.

Why are injections important?

Pain reliever injection important role. This is not just a method of alleviating human suffering during treatment, it is also a method of minimizing various complications - otherwise, for example, loss of consciousness or pain shock may occur. For each situation, for each subspecies of pain, different means can be used.

Dentistry

In the treatment of teeth, injections are used almost without fail, because situations can often arise when the nerve is close to the surface of the teeth, and therefore it is affected. In the treatment of such teeth, as well as before and after the operation performed on them, preparations are used that contain:

lidocaine;
articaine;
mepivocaine.

Less commonly, other injections are used to eliminate pain in the teeth, but these are the most common.

Oncological diseases

When a person has some form of cancer, the requirements for injections increase. The injections should be especially strong, therefore it is so important to choose the optimal remedy, the injection of which will help a person cope with his problem situation.

When there is one of the forms of oncology, the most common drugs that are prescribed to a person are drugs based on ketorolac, for example, it is Ketorol, an injection of which will effectively relieve pain. It can also be used in other diverse situations, as an example, with osteochondrosis, after surgery, with neuralgia, burns, fractures, etc.

Less commonly, doctors may prescribe narcotic drugs for oncology, for example, morphine hydrochloride, the injection of which will be very strong. Narcotic drugs are the most effective, but, no doubt, the most dangerous.

Operation

After the operation, both the aforementioned Ketorol and Ketonal can be used, which is based on ketoprofen, the effect of which is not only anesthetic, but also anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. In some different types of cases, for example, during childbirth, also during lactation and at an excessively young age, it cannot be prescribed, but still during surgery it is perhaps the best remedy.

Period

Sometimes during menstruation there is simply unbearable pain, and sometimes this is not normal. Intensity pain after and during menstruation it is very high. Therefore, sometimes you can’t do without the selection of painkillers that will help you feel much better during your period.

But doctors often argue that during menstruation it is better not to resort to excessively intense anesthesia. Common painkillers taken orally, such as No-shpa, can be used. The same drug can be administered as an injection, there is its special injection form, ideal for menstruation. Less commonly, during and after menstruation, any drugs based on ketorolac are administered.

Other

Almost all situations, from oncology to complex surgical operation or dental treatment, cover forms of ketorolac, ketoprofen, and also diclofenac. Sometimes anesthetic drops are used. Usually droppers are made on the basis of novocaine, but sometimes droppers may contain other drugs. Most often, droppers are placed for osteochondrosis, but in other situations they often prefer to put not an anesthetic injection, but any droppers that are in variety.

Injections at home - an overview of prices and quality from professionals
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