Normal heartbeat. Pulse at rest

Vibrations are called pulse vascular walls appearing in response to the contraction and relaxation of the walls of the heart. Why do they arise? Their appearance is due to the fact that blood is pumped through the vascular bed under pressure, and in response to such an impact, the elastic walls of blood vessels make pulsating movements under the pressure of blood. In some cases, if the vascular wall is close to the skin surface, the pulsation of the artery is noticeable even visually.

What are the main parameters of this indicator of the work of the cardiovascular system of interest to the doctor? Experts distinguish six main characteristics of the pulse:

1. Rhythm - the alternation of oscillations of the walls of the arteries at regular intervals. Normally, the pulse is rhythmic and the intervals of successive shocks are almost the same. However, when various pathologies this indicator is violated and arrhythmia occurs (that is, alternations of oscillations of the walls of the arteries occur at different time intervals).

2. Frequency - displays the number of oscillations of the arterial walls that occur per minute. The pulse may be rare, moderate or frequent. Indicators of the norm of the pulse rate depend on many factors, and the norm is estimated by the age of the patient. In some pathologies of the heart or blood vessels, the heart rate and pulse rate may not coincide (for example, in cases where the heart chambers are not completely filled with blood).

3. Filling - reflects the volume of blood ejected into the arteries from the heart chambers. Normally, the lumen of the artery is completely filled and the fluctuations of the vascular walls become more noticeable - this indicator is characterized as a "full pulse". With a poorly palpable pulse, the doctor characterizes it as "empty".

4. Tension - is determined by the force of pressing on the artery, which is necessary to completely stop the flow of blood in the lumen of the artery. This figure depends on the level systolic pressure. With hypertension, the pulse becomes hard (or tense) and efforts are needed to clamp the artery, and they speak of a soft pulse in cases where such an action is performed without much effort.

5. Value - depends on filling and voltage. It is determined by the degree of oscillation of the arterial walls between contraction and relaxation, as well as the elasticity of the vessels. There are several types of pulse size. A small pulse is provoked by narrowing of the aorta, excessive elasticity of the vascular walls, or cardiac tachycardia. Large - occurs when the heart pumps a larger volume of blood through overstressed blood vessels(for example, with hyperproduction of hormones thyroid gland or aortic valve disease). Intermittent - caused by severe damage to the heart muscle and appears when alternating large and small waves. The thready pulse is characterized by a weak palpation of strokes and occurs with massive bleeding or shock conditions.

6. Form - is determined only by instrumental means and displays the rate of change in the volume of the arterial lumen when the vessel is filled with blood. Assessing this parameter of the pulse, the doctor can characterize it as slow, fast or dicrotic.

Pulse table by age

Normal heart rates depend on many factors: age, gender, activity (physical or emotional) or rest, fitness level, or the presence of diseases. The pulse rate is measured in beats per minute, and the rate of this indicator is determined by age.

Normal heart rate readings for children:

Child's age	max and min indicators	Average value
0 – 1 month	110 – 170
1 – 12 months	102 – 162
1 – 2 years	94 – 155
4 – 6 years	86 – 126
6 – 8 years	78 - 118
8 – 10 years	68 – 108
10 – 12 years old	60 – 100
12 – 15 years old	55 – 95

Normal heart rate readings for adults:

What is the pulse like?

Specialists distinguish the following types of pulse:

• arterial - has the greatest diagnostic value, arises as a result of rhythmic jerky oscillations of the arterial walls with a change in their blood filling during the work of the heart, is characterized by rhythm, frequency, filling, tension, height and shape (or speed);
• capillary (or Quincke's pulse) - the detection of such a pulse is not the norm, since in healthy people the blood flow in the capillaries is continuous due to the work of the precapillary sphincters, such a pulse is determined by the intensity of the color of the nail bed, the skin of the forehead rubbed with fingers and pressed down by the cover glass of the lower lip;
• venous - expressed in the pulsation of the cervical jugular veins and other large ones located near the heart venous vessels, rarely present in peripheral veins, according to the sphygmogram and phlebogram, it can be characterized as negative or positive.

Video: Pulse. What does his silence say?

Why determine the pulse?

Pulse is one of the important quality parameters physiological processes, which displays the state of health, the level of physical fitness or the presence of diseases of the heart, blood vessels and other systems and organs. The indicators given above in the tables are the norm of the pulse for healthy people at rest.It should be remembered that any changes in the body can provoke deviations from the norm in different directions. For example, during pregnancy or menopause occurs hormonal changes, which can be reflected in the pulse rate.In humans, the pulse rate can change under the influence of many factors.

Rapid pulse - tachycardia - can occur with the following physiological conditions or pathologies:

• emotional outburst or stressful situation;
• pregnancy;
• menopause;
• hot weather or stuffy room;
• overwork;
• high level of physical fitness;
• the use of products containing caffeine;
• taking certain medications;
• heavy menstrual bleeding;
• severe pain;
• endocrine diseases and nervous system, vessels and heart, heat with some infections, neoplasms, anemia, bleeding, etc.

Physiological or pathological slowing of the pulse - bradycardia - can be triggered by the following factors:

• dream;
• high training of the heart muscle (in athletes, active people);
• age-related changes;
• intoxication;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• myocardial infarction;
• inflammatory processes in the tissues of the heart;
• organic lesions of the heart;
• peptic ulcer;
• hypothyroidism;
• taking certain medications.

What are rhythm disturbances?

Normally, contractions of the heart muscle are caused by the occurrence of electrical impulses emanating from the sinus node (the main driver of the heart rhythm). All contractions occur constantly and rhythmically, that is, almost at the same time interval. And violations of the rhythm of the pulse, caused by incorrect receipt of electrical impulses, are called arrhythmia. In such cases, the pulse becomes too slow, fast, irregular or irregular.

Can provoke arrhythmias functional disorders as well as diseases. Usually the root causes of this deviation are:

• violation of impulse conduction through one of the nodes of the conduction system of the heart;
• changes in the formation of an impulse in one of the nodes.

Depending on the origin of the arrhythmia are as follows:

With changes in the occurrence of an impulse in the sinus node, the following types of arrhythmias develop:

• sinus bradycardia (55 or less beats per minute) - provoked by pathologies of the heart, arterial hypotension or hypothyroidism, accompanied by dizziness, sensations general weakness and discomfort;
• sinus tachycardia (more than 90 beats per minute) - caused by strong emotional outbursts, physical exertion, fever and, sometimes, heart pathologies, accompanied by a feeling of palpitations;
• sinus arrhythmia (irregular alternation of heart beats) - often detected in adolescents and children and is associated with breathing (inhalation, the pulse rate increases, and decreases on exhalation), usually does not require treatment;
• sinus node weakness syndrome (expressed in bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia with paroxysms of extrasystole and atrial fibrillation) - provoked by injuries and abnormalities in the work of the heart, disturbances in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system or the intake of toxic substances and medicines, runs latently or causes weakness, fainting and palpitations.

If myocardial cells lose the ability to generate an electrical impulse into an action potential, then a person develops the following types arrhythmias:

• extrasystole (extraordinary or premature contractions of the heart muscle, an extra heartbeat) - provoked by vivid emotions, autonomic dysfunctions, abuse of nicotine, caffeine and alcohol or organic pathologies of the heart, manifested as a pulsation in the epigastric region, pallor, increased sweating, sensations of lack of oxygen and strong tremors and fading of the heart, fainting;
• paroxysmal tachycardia (pulse rate 140 - 240 beats per minute) - attacks occur and disappear suddenly, last from several seconds to several hours, are provoked hypertension, pathologies of the heart, pneumonia, sepsis, medication (Quinidine, cardiac glycosides, diuretics and Ephedrine) or diphtheria, accompanied by sensations of palpitations, weakness and the presence of a lump in the throat, frequent urination and increased sweating.

by the most dangerous view heart rhythm disturbance is atrial fibrillation. As a result of this deviation from the norm, a person can develop thromboembolism, cardiac arrest and heart failure. During this disorder, a person experiences chest pain, increased heart rate, ischemia of the heart muscle (up to a heart attack), signs of atrial fibrillation on the ECG and heart failure. The following factors can provoke the development of atrial fibrillation:

• heart disease;
• stroke;
• severe stress;
• reception high doses ethanol;
• overdose of certain drugs;
• surgery.

Heart rate

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time. It reflects the frequency of contractions of the ventricles of the heart in one minute and normally ranges from 60 to 80 beats (in an adult and healthy person). Often this indicator is confused with the pulse, while this parameter of the cardiovascular system displays the number of oscillations of the walls of blood vessels in response to heart contractions. Usually, both the heart rate and the pulse are approximately the same value.

Pulse shape

The shape of the pulse reflects the rate of change in pressure between contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. Depending on these indicators, doctors distinguish the following forms of pulse fluctuations:

• fast pulse - is a sign of aortic insufficiency or thyrotoxicosis, occurs due to the fact that a lot of blood is pushed out of the ventricles and the pressure decreases sharply during diastole;
• slow pulse - occurs when mitral insufficiency or narrowing of the walls of the aorta, manifested by small pressure drops;
• dicrotic pulse - appears when the tone of peripheral vessels deteriorates and is manifested by the passage of an additional wave of oscillations through the vessels.

How to properly examine the pulse?

The arterial pulse is easiest to measure with a finger, while the venous and capillary pulses cannot be determined by palpation and are measured using special techniques. In some cases, the following instrumental methods are assigned to the patient to study the arterial pulse:

• sphymography;
• sphygmomanometry;
• ECG or Holter ECG;
• pulsicometry.

Pulse counting can be performed independently, by a loved one or by a doctor.Remember, the person who is taking the pulse measurement should be relaxed and emotionally calm, his hand should be in a comfortable position!

Video: How to measure the pulse

Most often, the measurement is performed by palpation of the radial artery at the wrist. To do this, the artery is pressed with two or four fingers so that the fingertips feel the vibrations of the arterial walls. After that, they record the time (it is better to do this with a stopwatch) and begin to count the pulse. The number of oscillations of the arterial walls can be counted in 1 minute, and if the pulse is rhythmic, then the measurement can be accelerated by counting the frequency of beats in 30 seconds and multiplying the result by 2.

Sometimes the pulse is measured on other arteries:

• elbow - on the bend of the elbow or in the center of the wrist;
• sleepy - on the neck on the side of thyroid cartilage and closer to the chin;

The correct functioning of the cardiovascular system shows the characteristics of the pulse. This is the first thing that is checked in a person who asked for an ambulance. Although, at first glance, it seems that this indicator does not carry much information about the state of the body and is not so important, it should still be given Special attention. By the frequency of pulsations, malfunctions in the work of the heart, the presence of inflammation and other serious illnesses. The pulse character gives a general picture of the state of the organism. It is impossible to diagnose a specific disease only by reading the pulse, but it is possible to identify the direction of the problem.

What it is?

The heart pumps blood continuously throughout the body. When it passes through the veins and arteries, it hits their walls due to resistance. These shocks are felt in those places where the vessels pass close to the surface of the skin. This is called the pulse and is indicated by beats per minute. The properties of the pulse depend on a number of factors and they determine the heart rate. There are such types of pulse:

• - jerky oscillation in the artery, which occurs when filled with blood and has the characteristics of a pulse;
• venous - pulsation of large veins in the neck and close to the heart;
• capillary is a change in the color of the nail bed.

Briefly about the characteristics that are determined during the study:

Enter your pressure

Move the sliders

• frequency reflects the number of full oscillations of the walls of the vessel, determined by palpation;
• rhythm is determined by the interval between tremors of blood, shows the correct functioning of the heart;
• the filling of the pulse characterizes the volume of blood that entered the artery;
• tension refers to the force that is needed to clamp the artery;
• the shape of the pulse means the rate at which the volume of the artery changes;
• height - a value that combines tension and content, it corresponds to the sum of their indicators.

How to measure?

The way to measure heart rate is by palpation of the pulse. More often, the study of the pulse is carried out on the artery located on the wrist under thumb and which is called the beam. The hand should be relaxed, and the hand should be clasped so that the thumb is on the back side, and the rest on the front surface. To obtain an accurate result, measurements are taken simultaneously on two hands. You can measure pulse shocks in other arteries:

• sleepy;
• femoral;
• temporal;
• brachial.

All accessible places for palpation of the pulsation of the arteries, which are closest to the surface of the body.

With a slow, weak heartbeat, the peripheral pulse will be faintly felt, so it is difficult to find and determine it. In this case, the study should be done on the carotid artery. On the area where this artery is located - on the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, slightly above the Adam's apple - you need to put two fingers, index and middle. In this case, it is impossible to simultaneously determine the frequencies of pulse waves simultaneously from two sides.

At normal operation of the heart, the number of pulsations is calculated in 30 seconds and the result is doubled. If there are rhythm disturbances, then measurements are taken for a minute. A person who knows, independently carries out the measurement, and even deviations can be detected: is the blood impulse rhythmical and what is the frequency? The correctness of the diagnosis depends on the quality of the measurements.

What does it depend on?

The nature of the pulse depends on various factors - actions environment, physiological, pathological factors and age. Gender also has an influence - in women, the frequency is higher than in men. The main reasons that have an impact on the reduction rate:

• Physiological. Physical activity, stress, eating and digesting food, drinks such as coffee, coca-cola, alcohol, smoking increase the heart rate. During sleep and monotonous quiet work, a slowdown occurs.
• Pathological. An increase in heart rate is provoked infectious diseases, hypertension, tumors, asthma, bronchitis, blood loss. heart attack, side effects from different drugs slow down the pulse. When the heart is disturbed, the pulse wave becomes irregular. With blockage of blood vessels in the limbs, it may be completely absent.

Age norms

The age of a person affects the heart rate. Newborn children usually have a high frequency, in contrast to the adult. It is also believed that before death, the frequency of pulse waves increases, for what reasons, there is no exact explanation. The table shows normal pulse depending on age. But it should be understood that these indicators relate exclusively to a healthy person, without pathologies and in a normal calm state.

Reasons for change

The pulse can accelerate or slow down depending on the presence of physiological and external factors influence and age.

With age, there is a change in the value of the pulse in the norm. This is due to the fact that small newborn a child's heart is very small, so it must contract more often to pump the right amount of blood into the body. As the body grows and the heart becomes large sizes, which means that it can work more slowly. Therefore, in adults under 50 years of age, the frequency is on average 70 beats / min. Under the influence of loads on the body, the heart also has to work faster to cover the oxygen consumption. Athletes who have pumped up strong heart, the frequency of contractions is low - 40 beats and this is the norm for them.

During the contraction of the heart vascular system more blood is expelled. Its blow to the wall of the artery creates vibrations, which, propagating through the vessels, gradually fade to the periphery. They got the name of the pulse.

What is the pulse like?

There are three types of veins and capillaries in the human body. The ejection of blood from the heart affects each of them in one way or another, causing their walls to oscillate. Of course, arteries, as the vessels closest to the heart, are more affected by cardiac output. The fluctuations of their walls are well defined by palpation, and in large vessels they are even visible to the naked eye. That is why arterial pulse most important for diagnosis.

Capillaries are the most small vessels in the human body, but even they are reflected in the work of the heart. Their walls fluctuate in time with heartbeats, but normally this can only be determined using special devices. A capillary pulse visible to the naked eye is a sign of pathology.

The veins are so far from the heart that their walls do not oscillate. The so-called venous pulse is a transmission vibration from closely spaced large arteries.

Why determine the pulse?

What is the significance of the fluctuations of the vascular walls for diagnosis? Why is it so important?

The pulse allows you to judge hemodynamics, how effectively it is reduced about the fullness of the vascular bed, about the rhythm of heart beats.

With many pathological processes the pulse changes, the characteristic of the pulse ceases to correspond to the norm. This allows you to suspect that not everything is in order in the cardiovascular system.

What parameters determine the pulse? Pulse characteristic

1. Rhythm. Normally, the heart contracts at regular intervals, which means that the pulse should be rhythmic.
2. Frequency. Normally, there are as many pulse waves as there are heart beats per minute.
3. Voltage. This indicator depends on the value of systolic blood pressure. The higher it is, the more difficult it is to squeeze the artery with your fingers, i.e. pulse pressure is high.
4. Filling. Depends on the volume of blood ejected by the heart in systole.
5. Value. This concept combines content and tension.
6. The shape is another parameter that determines the pulse. The characteristic of the pulse in this case depends on the change in blood pressure in the vessels during systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the heart.

Rhythm disturbances

With violations of the generation or conduction of an impulse through the heart muscle, the rhythm of heart contractions changes, and with it the pulse also changes. Separate fluctuations of the vascular walls begin to fall out, or appear prematurely, or follow each other at irregular intervals.

What are rhythm disturbances?

Arrhythmias with a change in the work of the sinus node (a section of the myocardium that generates impulses leading to a contraction of the heart muscle):

1. Sinus tachycardia - an increase in the frequency of contractions.
2. Sinus bradycardia - a decrease in the frequency of contractions.
3. Sinus arrhythmia - contractions of the heart at irregular intervals.

Ectopic arrhythmias. Their occurrence becomes possible when a focus appears in the myocardium with an activity higher than that of the sinus node. In such a situation, the new pacemaker will suppress the activity of the latter and impose its rhythm of contractions on the heart.

1. Extrasystole - appearance of an extraordinary heart contraction. Depending on the localization of the ectopic focus of excitation, extrasystoles are atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular.
2. Paroxysmal tachycardia - a sudden increase in rhythm (up to 180-240 heart beats per minute). Like extrasystoles, it can be atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular.

Violation of impulse conduction in the myocardium (blockade). Depending on the location of the problem that prevents normal progression from the sinus node, blockades are divided into groups:

1. (the impulse does not go beyond the sinus node).
2. (the impulse does not pass from the atria to the ventricles). With complete atrioventricular blockade (III degree), a situation becomes possible when there are two pacemakers (the sinus node and the focus of excitation in the ventricles of the heart).
3. Intraventricular block.

Separately, one should dwell on the flicker and flutter of the atria and ventricles. These states are also called absolute arrhythmias. sinus node in this case, it ceases to be a pacemaker, and in the myocardium of the atria or ventricles, multiple ectopic foci of excitation are formed, setting the heart to a rhythm with a huge frequency of contraction. Naturally, under such conditions, the heart muscle is not able to adequately contract. That's why this pathology(especially from the ventricles) is a threat to life.

Heart rate

The pulse at rest in an adult is 60-80 beats per minute. Of course, this figure changes throughout life. The pulse varies significantly with age.

There may be a discrepancy between the number of heart contractions and the number of pulse waves. This happens if a small volume of blood is ejected into the vascular bed (heart failure, a decrease in the amount of circulating blood). In this case, oscillations of the vessel walls may not occur.

Thus, the pulse of a person (the norm for age is indicated above) is not always determined on the peripheral arteries. This, however, does not mean that the heart also does not contract. Perhaps the reason is a decrease in the ejection fraction.

Voltage

Depending on the changes in this indicator, the pulse also changes. The characteristic of the pulse according to its voltage provides for the division into the following varieties:

1. Solid pulse. Due to high blood pressure (BP), primarily systolic. It is very difficult to pinch the artery with your fingers in this case. The appearance of this type of pulse indicates the need for urgent correction of blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs.
2. Soft pulse. The artery compresses easily, and this is not very good, because this species pulse indicates too low blood pressure. It may be due to different reasons: a decrease in the volume of circulating blood, a decrease in vascular tone, inefficiency of heart contractions.

Filling

Depending on the changes in this indicator, the following types of pulse are distinguished:

1. Full. This means that the blood supply to the arteries is sufficient.
2. Empty. Such a pulse occurs with a small volume of blood ejected by the heart in systole. The causes of this condition can be a pathology of the heart (heart failure, arrhythmias with too high a heart rate) or a decrease in the volume of blood in the body (blood loss, dehydration).

Pulse value

This indicator combines the filling and tension of the pulse. It depends primarily on the expansion of the artery during the contraction of the heart and its subsidence during the relaxation of the myocardium. The following types of pulse are distinguished by magnitude:

1. Big (high). It occurs in a situation where there is an increase in the ejection fraction, and the tone of the arterial wall is reduced. At the same time, the pressure in systole and diastole is different (for one cycle of the heart, it increases sharply, and then decreases significantly). The causes leading to the occurrence of a large pulse may be aortic insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, fever.
2. Small pulse. Little blood is ejected into the vascular bed, the tone of the arterial walls is high, pressure fluctuations in systole and diastole are minimal. Causes given state: aortic stenosis, heart failure, blood loss, shock. In especially severe cases the value of the pulse may become insignificant (such a pulse is called filiform).
3. Even pulse. This is how the value of the pulse is normal.

Pulse shape

According to this parameter, the pulse is divided into two main categories:

1. fast. In this case, during systole, the pressure in the aorta rises significantly, and quickly drops in diastole. A fast pulse is a characteristic sign of aortic insufficiency.
2. Slow. The opposite situation, in which there is no place for significant pressure drops in systole and diastole. Such a pulse usually indicates the presence of aortic stenosis.

How to properly examine the pulse?

Probably everyone knows what needs to be done to determine what kind of pulse a person has. However, even such a simple manipulation has features that you need to know.

The pulse is examined on the peripheral (radial) and main (carotid) arteries. It is important to know that with a weak cardiac output on the periphery, pulse waves may not be detected.

Consider how to palpate the pulse on the arm. The radial artery is accessible for examination at the wrist just below the base thumb. When determining the pulse, both arteries (left and right) are palpated, because. situations are possible when pulse fluctuations are not the same on both hands. This may be due to compression of the vessel from the outside (for example, by a tumor) or blockage of its lumen (thrombus, atherosclerotic plaque). After comparison, the pulse is evaluated on the arm where it is better palpated. It is important that when examining pulse fluctuations, not one finger, but several, is on the artery (it is most effective to clasp the wrist so that 4 fingers, except for the thumb, are on the radial artery).

How is the pulse on the carotid artery determined? If the pulse waves are too weak on the periphery, you can examine the pulse on the main vessels. The easiest way is to try to find it on the carotid artery. To do this, two fingers (index and middle) must be placed on the area where the indicated artery is projected (at the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle above the Adam's apple). It is important to remember that it is impossible to examine the pulse from both sides at once. Pressing two carotid arteries can cause circulatory disorders in the brain.

The pulse at rest and with normal hemodynamic parameters is easily determined both on peripheral and central vessels.

A few words in conclusion

(the norm by age must be taken into account in the study) allows us to draw conclusions about the state of hemodynamics. Certain changes in the parameters of pulse oscillations are often characteristic features certain pathological conditions. That is why the study of the pulse is of great diagnostic value.

This indicator is very important for the diagnosis, evaluation of the work of the heart. This is the main component that indicates the presence of various diseases. Knowing what the pulse of a healthy person should be is necessary in order to notice deviations from the norm in time and take appropriate action.

Normal pulse in an adult

In medicine, there are specific values ​​\u200b\u200bof this indicator, the heart rate norm in adults is formed depending on the age of the person, his state of health. The pulse is a fluctuation of the walls of blood vessels, which occurs due to the contraction of the heart muscle. For different states its meaning will be different. This allows doctors, knowing what pulse is considered normal, to evaluate the work of the heart.

The intervals between contractions (pulsations) in a healthy person are always the same, uneven beats - this is a symptom of some kind of disturbance in the functioning of the human body. The average for an adult is 60-90 beats per minute, but there are situations in which there is a short-term change. The main factors include:

stress;

age;

increase in body temperature;

hormonal release.

Pulse - the norm in women

Because of physiological features female body their heart rate is different from men. As a rule, the rate for girls is 7-10 beats higher than for guys, but this is not a deviation. The pulse is normal in women, provided that she is completely healthy and is in a state of relative rest, is:

Norm by age in men

The normal rate for guys is lower than for women by an average of 7-9 strokes. Acceptable values ​​of adult men and children of boys should be distinguished. The measurement of the pulse should be carried out taking into account what the person was doing before, how long ago he ate, the time of day. Each of these factors can trigger higher or lower rates. Below is a table of what pulse is considered normal in men, provided that he is completely healthy:

			Normal blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)

Normal pulse in a child

Children's body grows very fast, so the indicators of his condition are measured more often. The normal pulse in a child changes along with an increase in height and weight. For example, the norm indicators decrease after 1 month of a child's life. In adolescents (from the age of 12), the values ​​​​are already the same as in an adult. The following normal performance at rest:

			Normal blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)
From 1 month up to a year

When walking - the norm

On given value normal, sports or therapeutic walking affects. Such walks are prescribed by many doctors as a prevention, treatment vascular diseases. The characteristic of the pulse will change depending on the intensity of the load and age. It is the most forgiving sport that does not additional impact on the joint cardiovascular system.

A normal walking pulse for an adult should be about 100 beats per minute. In an untrained beginner, the value can reach up to 120, which suggests that the patient should not yet take long walks. For years, the norm when walking is:

• 25 years old - 140;
• 45 years old - 135;
• 70 years - 110.

At rest

This indicator helps in the future to track any changes that will occur with a person. A normal resting heart rate is a reference value for the work of the heart. The heart rate may differ depending on the time of day (in the evening it is higher), the position of the body. To draw up a schedule, it is necessary to measure sitting every day at 10 am. The heart rate of an adult at rest is:

• for men - 60-80;
• for women - 68-90;
• in the elderly - 65;
• in adolescents - 80;
• children 1-2 years old - 100;
• born - 140.

When running

This is one of the most intense options for the load on the cardiovascular system. Normal heart rate while running corresponds to the goal. For example, in order to lose weight, a person must be in the upper sector of the maximum allowable heart rate while jogging. If the goal is only to strengthen the vessels, then the indicator should be at the level of 60% of the maximum. For a healthy person, the maximum value is calculated using a simple formula: 200 minus your age.

For example, for a 25-year-old guy, the maximum acceptable indicator Heart rate without damage to the body will be 185 beats. For intensive fat burning, its norm will be 165-170 strokes. If we are talking only about increasing endurance, then the heart rate should be 140-150 beats per minute. At normal pressure these indicators will be acceptable and will not cause the development of bradycardia, tachycardia.

During pregnancy

All girls during this period have an increase in pulse waves, which is the norm. Carrying a fetus creates an additional load on the heart, which leads to more active pumping of blood. This fact could not but affect the normal pulse during pregnancy. The number of pulse waves increases by 10-15, the value will be kept at the level of 110 heart beats per minute. If a girl plays sports, her heart rate can rise up to 140.

An increase in the average heart rate will be observed in the second trimester. The maximum values ​​are fixed between 27 and 32 weeks, decreases 4 weeks before delivery. The average during this period will be at the level of 70-80, but in the second half of pregnancy, the value may rise to 85-90. In some cases, due to the additional load, the heart rate rises in the supine position to 120.

Under load

A person should initially record the value at rest. It should be measured by feeling for a vein in the arm or an artery in the neck. This will help you calculate your normal heart rate when physical activity. The intensity of activity can be different, for example, when walking, the heart rate does not rise above 100, but running raises the heart rate much higher.

The norm indicator for a person should be calculated individually, but there are average indicators that can be taken as a starting point for comparison, for example:

• with a heart rate of 100-130, the load is relatively small for you;
• 140-150 - average training intensity;
• 170-190 are the maximum allowable values ​​that cannot be maintained for a long time.

After meal

Eating affects blood circulation, the heart increases the flow to the stomach, so the heart rate rises slightly. On average, fluctuations from a state of rest are 5-10 beats. In some people, after eating, signs of bradycardia, tachycardia begin, which indicates circulatory disorders or heart disease. Pulse after eating - the norm will be violated when:

• diabetes;
• obesity
• myocardial pathology;
• pathological processes of the stomach;
• abnormalities in the thyroid gland.

During sleep

Day and night heart rate values ​​are different. Normal heart rate during sleep is almost one and a half times lower than daytime. There is a phase of sleep when the heart rate reaches its lowest point - 4 am. For this reason, the highest risk of developing a heart attack occurs in the early morning. It happens because of activity. vagus nerve, which at night inhibits the work of the heart muscle. Underestimated pulse waves are also observed in the first hours after awakening.

Keep in mind that for a complete check, you need to measure the indicators on both hands. The heart rate should be the same, if there are differences, then this indicates the presence of circulatory disorders, obstructed blood flow to the limb. This phenomenon occurs when:

• stenosis of the mouth of the peripheral artery;
• stenosis of the aortic mouth;
• arthritis.

Video

The human heart is one of the most important organs in a body that beats relentlessly to circulate oxygenated blood. Heartbeat or pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute. Based on the pulse in a calm state, one can judge the state of human health. Men and women whose resting heart rate is higher than normal have an increased risk of death from coronary disease hearts. Therefore, it is very important to know if your heart rate readings are healthy.

Steps

Resting heart rate

Sit down and relax for a couple of minutes. Heart rate fluctuates depending on your activity. Even standing can raise your heart rate. Therefore, before measuring your pulse, you must completely relax.

• Take your resting heart rate in the morning, immediately after you wake up.
• Do not measure your heart rate immediately after exercising, as it will remain elevated and you will not get accurate readings.
• Do not measure your pulse after drinking caffeinated drinks or in hot or humid weather, as these can speed up your heart rate.

1. Find the pulse with your fingers. Using the tips of your index and middle fingers, press (or feel) the pulse of the radial artery in the neck or on inside wrist.

   Press your fingers on the artery until you feel a strong pulsation. After a moment, you should feel a distinct pulse, if not, then move your fingers to find it.

   Count each beat or pulse to find out your heart rate. To find out your heart rate, count the number of beats in 30 seconds and multiply this figure by 2, or count the number of beats in 10 seconds and multiply them by 6.

   • For example, you counted 10 beats in 10 seconds. Multiply this figure by 6 and your heart rate will be 60 beats per minute.
   • If you have an irregular heart rhythm, then count all 60 seconds. Starting to count, take the first heartbeat as 0, and the second as 1, and so on.
   • Count the pulse several times to get a more accurate reading.

   How to know if your pulse is normal

   1. Determine if your pulse is normal. The normal pulse at rest for an adult is 60-100 beats per minute (for children, this figure is 70-100 beats). However, recent studies have shown that a heart rate above 80 beats per minute is one of the risk factors for obesity and diabetes.

      • If your resting heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute, know that this pulse is normal.

   2. Determine if your heart rate is over 80 beats per minute. If so, you may be susceptible increased risk development of heart disease and should immediately consult a doctor.

      Determine if your heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute does not always mean there is a health problem. For people who play sports or just have a good sportswear, the pulse at rest can slow down to 40 beats per minute.

   Improving the pulse

   Exercise regularly. Regular exercise contributes to a gradual decrease in heart rate at rest. By strengthening your cardiovascular system, you also strengthen your heart, so it has to work less to maintain blood circulation.