Deviation of blood pressure from the norm is always accompanied by a number of symptoms that greatly impair the quality of life. Sustained pressure drop is hypotension. This violation is accompanied by a breakdown, decreased performance and migraine. Hypotension rarely acts as an independent violation. Most often, low blood pressure is a symptom of other disorders and diseases.

Hypotension is a violation of blood pressure, characterized by a decrease in the systolic (upper) indicator below 100 mm Hg, and the lower one - below 60 mm Hg. Arterial hypotension and arterial hypotension are synonyms. When making a diagnosis, normal pressure for a person is taken into account. It is generally accepted that arterial hypotension is a decrease in pressure by more than 20% of the norm, which depends on the age of the patient and concomitant diseases.

A blood pressure of 100 over 60 will mean hypotension only if the patient has always had normal blood pressure - 120 over 80. If a person has always lived with a slightly increased pressure compared to the norm, hypotension as a diagnosis is made when blood pressure drops to 110. This the same is true for those who normally have a slightly lower blood pressure. If the patient had a normal pressure of 110 over 70, hypotension can only be spoken of when the blood pressure falls below 90 over 60.

Interestingly, many doctors deny the existence of this disease. Experts are divided into two camps: some believe that hypotension is a disease that needs to be treated, while others attribute arterial hypotension to the characteristics of a particular organism. This is due to the fact that not all people feel unwell with a decrease in blood pressure.

Normal is considered to be a pressure of 120 to 80. At the same time, a deviation of 15-20 mm Hg. from the norm up or down is not considered a pathology if the patient feels well. Thus, a pressure of 100 over 60 may be a variant of the norm if there are no symptoms of a decrease in blood pressure, and the person has always had low blood pressure.

Nevertheless, it is undesirable to leave hypotension unattended. A steady decrease in blood pressure is accompanied by a whole range of symptoms that greatly complicate the patient's life. Despite the fact that with hypotension there are no irreversible changes in the body, against the background of this disorder, the brain may receive less oxygen. This negatively affects the cognitive functions of the brain - memory, ability to concentrate.

Moderately low readings of the tonometer may be an indicator of the norm

Types of hypotension

Arterial hypotension is divided into several types:

• acute;
• chronic;
• primary;
• secondary.

Acute hypotension is dangerous state, characterized by a sharp decrease in blood pressure to critical values. Such arterial hypotension does not act as an independent disease, but a complication in conditions requiring emergency medical care - arrhythmia, heart attack, stroke, thromboembolism pulmonary artery. Acute arterial hypotension requires urgent hospitalization, otherwise coma may develop.

Chronic arterial hypotension is a genetically determined disease. It is also called physiological hypotension. The peculiarity of this form is a constant decrease in blood pressure, which is the norm for a particular patient. Usually, in people with physiological hypotension, the pressure is always low, most often in the range of 100-110 mm Hg. Such hypotension does not require treatment, since it is not a violation, but a variant of the physiological norm. Often professional athletes face this type of hypotension.

Primary arterial hypotension is the only type of hypotension that can be considered an independent disease. This form of the disorder is also called idiopathic, as it is impossible to accurately identify the causes of low blood pressure.

Secondary arterial hypotension is a violation of pressure that occurs against the background of other pathologies. Hypotension in this case is a symptom, but not an independent disease.

ICD-10 classification

Arterial hypotension according to ICD-10 is classified by reason of development.

Hypotension according to ICD-10 has the code I95. In this case, idiopathic or primary hypotension is designated I95.0.

Orthostatic hypotension is a violation of pressure when the position of the body changes. Symptoms of such a disease occur only during exercise, most often with a sharp change in the body, from a horizontal to a vertical position. This form of violation is classified as I95.1.

Medical hypotension according to ICD-10 is designated as I95.2. This disorder is characterized by a drop in blood pressure while taking certain groups of drugs. This form of hypotension is not an independent disease. Moreover, even hypertensive patients may encounter drug hypotension, in case of inadequate treatment and intake. large doses antihypertensive drugs.

Chronic hypotension according to ICD-10 is marked I95.8. This disorder does not always require treatment, as it is more of a physiological feature of the patient than a pathology.

Separately, the international classifier of diseases (ICD) renders unspecified hypotension, which is designated I95.9. This condition cannot be considered an independent disease, but it is not possible to identify the exact cause. Such a diagnosis is made when a patient has chronic diseases that theoretically could cause hypotension.

Reasons for the development of the disease

With hypotension, the causes are divided into two groups - general and specific. The common reasons are chronic disorders or physiological features that provoke a decrease in pressure. These include:

• vegetovascular dystonia;
• constant stress;
• vitamin deficiency;
• malnutrition;
• genetic predisposition.

Important role in the development of hypotension or hypotension, the health of the nervous system plays. Vegetovascular or neurocirculatory dystonia is a disruption of the autonomic nervous system. This disease is characterized by a whole range of symptoms, including a decrease in blood pressure. It is VVD that most often causes secondary hypertension.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is the most common “culprit” reduced pressure

Constant stress, work in a tense environment, chronic lack of sleep - all this negatively affects the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The result of a systematic lack of sleep can be a weakening of vascular tone and a decrease in blood pressure.

Vitamin deficiencies, poor nutrition and rigid mono-diets provoke a decrease in blood pressure. This also leads to the development various problems with health, so hypotension in this case can be both a primary and a secondary disease.

Chronic or physiological hypotension is a genetically determined disorder that is not fully considered a disease. If the parents' blood pressure has always been significantly below normal, it is fair to believe that the child may also develop physiological hypotension. It is worth noting that usually this violation is characterized by a slight but steady decrease in pressure.

Also, with hypotension, the causes may be chronic diseases and acute conditions that provoke a decrease in blood pressure. Among them:

• stomach ulcer;
• heart failure;
• myocarditis;
• diabetic neuropathy;
• hypothyroidism;
• severe infectious diseases;
• osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine;
• tumor neoplasms;
• taking certain groups of drugs.

With a stomach ulcer, gastritis, cholecystitis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, a decrease in blood pressure is always observed. In chronic diseases, the pressure decreases by an average of 10-15 mm Hg.

At functional disorders cardiovascular system, for example, arrhythmias, myocarditis or severe heart failure, there is a decrease in vascular tone. This condition is characterized by impaired oxygen transport due to a decrease in blood pressure and can be potentially life-threatening for the patient.

With neurological disorders against the background of diabetes mellitus (neuropathy), there is a deterioration in the work of the autonomic nervous system and peripheral disorders. Against this background, a steady decrease in blood pressure can develop.

Signs of hypotension are always present in hypothyroidism. This disorder is characterized by a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones that regulate vascular tone.

Due to lack cerebral circulation with osteochondrosis of the cervical region, craniocerebral injuries and serious illnesses spine, there is a decrease in pressure and hypotension develops. At cervical osteochondrosis orthostatic hypotension is common. A person, making sudden movements, for example, getting out of bed, feels symptoms of a sharp decrease in pressure. Nevertheless, such a violation is short-lived - it is worth sitting down again or taking horizontal position as the symptoms pass quickly.

Secondary hypotension is characteristic symptom various tumor neoplasms, both benign and malignant.

Separately allocate drug-induced hypotension. Symptoms of a decrease in pressure in this case appear against the background of taking some medicines. Antidepressants, sedatives, some muscle relaxants, drugs can provoke a drop in pressure. hypotensive action. Hypertension is persistent high blood pressure, which is treated with special preparations, but if the tablets are taken incorrectly, hypotonic symptoms may appear.

Reduced pressure can be side effect taking certain medications

Symptoms and signs

With hypotension, the symptoms depend on how much the blood pressure has dropped and what caused it to drop. General complaints of patients:

• drowsiness;
• fast fatiguability;
• migraine;
• prostration.

In severe cases, dizziness, disorientation in space may occur. A sudden drop in blood pressure can cause fainting.

At arterial hypotension symptoms also affect the psycho-emotional state of a person. Low blood pressure is accompanied by apathy. Since the brain receives less oxygen due to circulatory disorders, symptoms of depression may appear.

Patients with hypotension quickly get tired, there is a need for prolonged sleep. On average, hypotensive patients need 20% more time to sleep.

Low blood pressure is accompanied by a headache that spreads like a migraine. The pain is localized in the temples, only one part of the head can hurt. This may cause nausea, eye pain, photosensitivity.

Due to changes in blood pressure in the arteries, symptoms arterial hypertension may affect the cognitive functions of the brain. With a strong decrease in blood pressure, memory is disturbed, concentration of attention suffers, a person cannot concentrate on work.

Hypotension is almost always accompanied by a decrease in heart rate. This condition is called bradycardia and exacerbates the lack of oxygen supplied to the tissues of the internal organs. In this case, other symptoms associated with a decrease in vascular tone may appear - blurred vision, chills of the hands, pallor of the skin.

Having understood what hypotension is and what happens with this disorder, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, noticing the first symptoms.

Constant drowsiness, loss of strength, low performance seriously complicate the life of hypotension

Which doctor should I contact?

With hypotension, treatment is prescribed only after a comprehensive examination. First of all, you need to consult a therapist or family doctor. After a physical examination, the doctor will be able to suggest the causes of low blood pressure and, if necessary, refer the patient to other specialists.

With hypotension, it is important to differentiate the violation of pressure from other diseases. The fact is that idiopathic hypotension is very rare, most often doctors and patients are faced with secondary hypotension. In this case, it is important to undergo a comprehensive examination to identify the causes of low pressure.

In addition to the therapist, the patient needs to visit the following specialists:

• neurologist;
• cardiologist;
• endocrinologist;
• gastroenterologist.

How to treat hypotension - it depends on the causes of its development. In case of nervous disorders or vegetative dystonia treatment is prescribed by a neurologist. If low blood pressure is associated with osteochondrosis, therapy is also selected by this specialist.

With low pressure on the background of diabetes, you should be examined by an endocrinologist. In case of hypofunction of the thyroid gland, which can provoke a decrease in blood pressure, treatment will also be prescribed by an endocrinologist.

The cardiologist will prescribe treatment if the disease is caused by a malfunction of the myocardium. A visit to a gastroenterologist is necessary to exclude stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal diseases that can lead to a decrease in pressure.

Investigations necessary to confirm the diagnosis:

• dopplerography of the vessels of the head and neck;
• general and biochemical analysis of blood.

A triple measurement of blood pressure is mandatory. Usually, to obtain reliable data, it is recommended to carry out measurements during the day at regular intervals.

If it was not possible to identify the cause due to which the hypotensive syndrome developed, and a steady decrease in pressure is beyond doubt, idiopathic hypotension is diagnosed (I95.0 according to ICD-10).

Low blood pressure is often a sign of thyroid problems, so it should be checked

How to treat hypotension?

With arterial hypotension, treatment depends on the causes of the development of the disorder. The causes and treatment of hypotension are interrelated, since in most cases we are talking about secondary hypotension.

In about half of the cases, hypotension is due to neurocirculatory dystonia. In this case, the treatment is prescribed by a neurologist. The therapy includes taking sedatives, drugs to improve blood circulation. Additionally, tonic and restorative agents are prescribed, which improve well-being and increase efficiency.

Important at low pressure balanced diet And drinking regimen. The patient needs to avoid stress and normalize sleep patterns.

Medical therapy

There are no drugs for hypotension that would completely solve the violation of blood pressure. Complex drug therapy is practiced, aimed at normalizing the functioning of the nervous system, relieving stress, and improving cerebral circulation.

Treatment of hypotension is carried out with sedative and nootropic drugs, the following drugs and drugs are used:

• Glycine;
• peony tincture;
• Sedistress;
• Persen;
• Armadin;
• tincture of valerian.

These drugs improve the quality of sleep, relieve anxiety, and normalize the functioning of the nervous system. Glycine (Glicised) and Armadin normalize cerebral circulation, improve performance.

To improve well-being and reduce the severity of symptoms, tonic tinctures are used - ginseng, lemongrass and eleutherococcus.

To improve brain function, the doctor may prescribe Cinnarizine or Vinpocetine. These drugs are often used for cervical osteochondrosis. Another remedy used to improve cerebral circulation in hypotension is Actovegin.

During the deterioration of health, it is necessary to increase the pressure with hypotension. This is done by caffeinated preparations, including caffeine tablets. To relieve headaches, painkillers with caffeine are recommended - Farmadol, Citramon, Solpadein. These pills slightly increase blood pressure and quickly relieve headaches.

Antispasmodics for headaches with hypotension should not be drunk. No-shpa, Spazmalgon, Trigan reduce vascular tone, so health may worsen.

It is useful for hypotensive patients to take antioxidants, for example, ginkgo biloba extract and its analogues. Such drugs improve well-being, normalize vascular tone, give a charge of vivacity and strength. Antioxidants will improve the functioning of the nervous system and reduce the destructive effects of stress.

Folk remedies for hypotension

Knowing what arterial hypotension is, it becomes clear that treatment is aimed at normalizing blood pressure faster and reducing symptoms. A simple remedy like saline solution can quickly increase blood pressure. It is necessary to dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of clean water and drink in one gulp. Salt retains fluid in the body and increases blood pressure. With a slight decrease in blood pressure, this is enough to soon feel relief.

A cup of coffee will help to quickly restore tone

Another effective remedy, which is familiar to anyone who has ever encountered low blood pressure, is a cup of strong coffee. Caffeine raises blood pressure very quickly and improves brain function, but its effect wears off after about an hour and a half.

Although Reviver can quickly relieve headaches with hypotension, coffee should not be abused. At regular use a large amount of coffee disrupts the work of the nervous system, increases Negative influence stress, poor sleep. All this leads to an even greater decrease in blood pressure due to the weakening of the nervous system. You can also drink strong tea, but, again, without abusing the drink.

From folk remedies you can use:

• decoction of chamomile, lemon balm and valerian;
• motherwort decoction;
• decoction of immortelle;
• decoction of ginseng root with lemongrass leaves.

To prepare decoctions, you need to take a tablespoon of raw materials or a mixture of herbs and simmer over low heat in 500 ml of water for 15 minutes. From the described plants, you can make infusions. For this, a tablespoon of dried raw materials is poured with two glasses of boiling water in a thermos and insisted for 4 hours. Chamomile, valerian, lemon balm and motherwort are plants with a sedative effect. They calm the nervous system, thereby reducing stress, which provokes a decrease in pressure in hypotensive patients.

Ginseng and lemongrass are toning plants. They increase vascular tone and improve well-being at low pressure.

Citrus fruits are good for blood vessels

Lifestyle with hypotension

An important role in the treatment of hypotension is given to lifestyle. Bad habits, frequent stress, overwork, night shifts and disruption of the day - all this provokes a decrease in pressure and depletes the entire body as a whole. Abandoning bad habits, any hypotonic person will quickly feel better.

Alcohol with hypotension is prohibited. The fact is that alcohol reduces pressure, therefore, even in small quantities, strong drinks contribute to the deterioration of health.

Since it is the dysfunction of the nervous system that causes a decrease in pressure, it is important to avoid stress and be able to relax. For hypotension, it is recommended:

• normalize the daily routine;
• sleep at least 8 hours a day;
• master breathing exercises or meditation practices;
• exercise;
• walk outdoors more often.

All this will benefit the nervous system, strengthen the entire body and normalize blood pressure.

Low pressure power

There are no strict dietary recommendations for hypotension. A person with low blood pressure should eat regularly, fractional meals are recommended - often, but in small portions. From the diet you need to remove fatty and heavy foods, semi-finished products and confectionery with heavy cream.

Fresh fruits and vegetables should be consumed daily. Be sure to eat more seafood - sea ​​fish rich in Omega-3, which strengthens blood vessels and the nervous system. Dried fruits, nuts, citrus fruits are also useful for hypotensive patients. Hot spices, various spices, cinnamon and cloves are all good for low blood pressure.

Complications of hypotension

Hypotension must be treated. Sharp jumps in blood pressure can lead to hypoxia. At an older age, hypotension is dangerous for the development of dementia, as the blood supply to the brain is disturbed. Hypotension in pregnant women can lead to the development of fetal hypoxia.

Prevention

A healthy lifestyle and the absence of bad habits help prevent the development of hypotension. It is necessary to exercise regularly, running, swimming, and yoga are useful for the health of the cardiovascular and nervous system. Regular walks in the fresh air, a balanced diet and the absence of stress are the key to health for many years.

Normal human systolic blood pressure is 120, and diastolic is 80. Pressure that has lower readings is low. This is how it is considered all over the world. However, Russian doctors add that treatment requires pressure in men, the level of which is less than 100/60, and in women - less than 95/60.

The cause of physiological hypotension is quite often mental or physical overwork, emotional overstrain, unbalanced diet, severe lack of vitamins (especially A, B and E) and trace elements. The pressure can drop significantly as a result of poisoning the body toxic substances due to allergic reactions.

Hypotension is often observed in patients who adhere to strict fast or diet, spend therapeutic cleansing organism, drastically reduce weight. Low blood pressure is a frequent companion of pregnant women. The development of hypotension may be associated with a change in weather or moving to countries with a colder or hotter climate.

Hypotension occurs in people with an asthenic physique, however, in this case it is quite insignificant and therefore practically does not bring discomfort to the patient.

Separately, it should be said about secondary (symptomatic) hypotension.. With it, a persistent decrease in pressure occurs, in which the state of health does not normalize on its own. In this case, the cause of hypotension is always some kind of disease or pathological condition. The most common causes of secondary hypotension include VSD syndrome (vegetative-vascular dystonia).

In this case, the patient due to depression or constant fatigue there is a failure in the nervous system, which controls the work of the heart, blood vessels and arteries. Often, this condition is a symptom of congenital or acquired pathologies in the cardiovascular system (for example, atherosclerosis, heart failure). Acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (especially stomach ulcers) can lead to hypotension, endocrine disorders(hypothyroidism, diabetes), chronic diseases liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis), rheumatism, anemia.

Very often, blood pressure is low with osteochondrosis, dislocations, subluxations, any injuries of the spine or skull. Patients who take medications or non-drug drugs that reduce blood pressure (for hypertension, arrhythmias).

In some cases, hypotension may indicate the presence of a chronic infectious and inflammatory process in the body.

It is worth saying that, regardless of the reason that caused the decrease in pressure, the mechanism this process always associated with one of four factors: a decrease in stroke and minute output of the heart, a decrease in circulating blood volume, a decrease in the resistance of peripheral vessels as a result of a decrease in their tone and elasticity (orthostatic hypotension), a decrease in inflow venous blood to the heart.

It is important to note that with any type of hypotension, the patient may experience a violation of vascular regulation by higher mechanisms - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, as well as failures in the regulation of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and a decrease in the body's sensitivity to adrenal hormones (primarily adrenaline and norepinephrine) . Sometimes the mechanism of development of hypotension consists in failures in the work of the afferent and / or efferent part of the reflex arcs.

Arterial hypotension: what is it, varieties, symptoms

Many patients have been diagnosed with hypotension at least once in their lives.

What is it, and what are its varieties - this is the first question that interests patients in this case.

Since hypotension can be observed in absolutely healthy people, be a symptom of any pathological processes in the body or be an independent nosological form, there is a classification of arterial hypotension.

Traditionally, it is customary to divide it into physiological, symptomatic (secondary) or pathological (primary).

TO physiological hypotension first of all, one should attribute the one that is physiological norm For certain person(for example, due to the constitution of the body, characterized by insufficient weight). Adaptive hypotension, which is observed in people living in too hot climates or high in the mountains, can also be attributed to this type. Physiological is the hypotonia of increased fitness, which occurs in athletes during intense training or in people with heavy physical labor.

Pathological hypotension usually regarded as independent disease. This includes orthostatic hypotension of unknown origin, as well as neurocirculatory hypotension. In both of these cases pathological process it can be either mild and pass on its own after some time, or have vivid symptoms, be characterized by a long, chronic course.

Secondary (symptomatic) hypotension may also have acute or chronic course. Acute secondary hypotension is observed with such severe conditions like shock or collapse. Secondary hypotension is a frequent companion chronic pathologies internal organs, VVD syndrome and infectious processes, inflammation of the gallbladder.

IN international classification diseases (ICD code) hypotension refers to "diseases of the circulatory system" and has the code I95. According to her, arterial hypotension is divided into orthostatic (associated with a sharp change in body position), drug-induced, chronic and idiopathic.

Now it is clear what varieties of hypotension exist and what it is. What are the symptoms for her?

The presence of hypotension can be determined even without a procedure for measuring blood pressure, because in this case, patients, as a rule, feel a whole complex unpleasant symptoms, among which:

• decreased efficiency, constant desire to sleep, lethargy, weakness, apathy;
• failures in thermoregulation (cold extremities in hot weather or sweating that occurs at low air temperatures, a slight increase in body temperature for no reason);
• hypersensitivity to changing weather conditions;
• frequent occurrence dull pains in the temples or forehead;
• dizziness (usually occurs with a sharp change in body position, with bending over);
• acceleration of the heartbeat and failures in the rhythm of the heart;
• frequent drops mood, tearfulness, the occurrence of outbreaks of aggression (usually occurs due to the presence loud sounds or bright light)
• sleep disturbance;
• feeling of lack of oxygen.

In most hypotensive patients, blanching and dryness of the mucous membranes, lips and face are observed. They become brittle hair and nails, and muscles lose their tone. Sometimes hypotension can lead to a decrease in body weight, a decrease in sexual desire in men and a violation menstrual cycle among women.

Quite often, there is a violation of the digestive organs, which manifests itself in the form of nausea, belching, flatulence, impaired stool, intestinal colic.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the manifestations of acute hypotension, what is it and what are its symptoms? This is an exacerbation of chronic arterial hypotension, in which the patient, in addition to the standard feeling unwell always there is a loss of consciousness or there is a pre-syncope state. In this case, there is a sudden disruption vascular tone, there is a disorder of cardiac and respiratory activity.

This happens, as a rule, in stuffy or hot rooms. In women, exacerbation of symptoms of hypotension can be observed during menstruation. At this moment, the patient's face becomes very pale. He hears tinnitus, his eyes darken, his breathing becomes shallow, and his muscles lose strength. The patient gradually sinks to the ground and loses consciousness.

After providing first aid, such patients come to more or less normal condition, however weakness and headache after that, it can bother them for a long time.

Arterial hypotension: symptoms and causes in children and pregnant women

In a newborn child, the pressure level is 80/50, but as it grows older, it constantly increases. According to statistics, about 20% of children on the planet suffer from arterial hypotension. Moreover, in children aged 1-5 years this phenomenon observed extremely rarely. Often schoolchildren suffer from hypotension. It should be noted that in girls hypotension is observed much more often than in boys.

In children, arterial hypotension, the symptoms and forms of which are the same as in adults, may have slightly different causes.

Arterial hypotension in children is usually due to hereditary predisposition, severe stress, unbalanced nutrition, some mental characteristics (fear of making mistakes in something, increased vulnerability), hormone imbalance, the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body.

Hypotension in infants may be due to severe pregnancy of his mother(fetal hypoxia, threatened miscarriage, premature delivery).

Quite often, hypotension occurs in children who have an unfavorable microclimate in the family. They usually have strict parents who prevent the child from developing in the direction he wants, and at the same time constantly teach him to be responsible and pedantic. Often hypotension occurs in children whose parents have increased anxiety, because it is transmitted in any case.

Children suffering from arterial hypotension are quick-tempered, tearful, do not cope well with mental and physical work. They are absent-minded, do not remember information well, often complain of drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and, in some cases, decreased vision. These children have persistent apathy, as a result of which they begin to lose friends and become outcasts.

It is worth saying that hypotension in children does not have a permanent course.. Exacerbations are observed with a frequency of 1-2 times a month. At this time, the risk of developing fainting or pre-fainting conditions is significantly increased. They complain of flies flickering before their eyes, worsening sleep and appetite. In girls, there may be pain in the heart.

Eliminating the symptoms of arterial hypotension in children is always a difficult task that needs to be addressed comprehensively. An important role in this should be assigned to family psychotherapy.

It is also worth mentioning the physiological hypotension during pregnancy, because it is very frequent occurrence. In this case, the cause of the development of pathology is jump hormones. They relax the muscles of the whole body and blood vessels, resulting in a decrease in pressure. This mechanism reduces the tone of the uterus, which is necessary to avoid premature birth.

As a rule, this happens at the beginning or middle of pregnancy. If in the future the pregnancy proceeds normally, then as the childbirth approaches, these symptoms will gradually disappear. Another reason why a decrease in pressure may occur is the emergence of a second circulatory system - the placental.

Hypotension is quite severe in women who had it before pregnancy, as well as in those patients who have malfunctions of the adrenal glands.

To improve her condition, a woman should refuse to take hot baths, if possible, avoid stressful situations, as well as physical and intellectual overload. During this period, it is important to rest a lot and be in the fresh air, follow a therapeutic diet.

Severe hypotension in pregnant women can lead to hypotonic uterine dysfunction during labor, fetal hypoxia, toxicosis, spontaneous abortion, and premature birth. In this case, emergency medical care is required, and in the future, taking pills and using folk remedies.

Despite the fact that the symptoms of arterial hypotension are pronounced, it can be easily confused with other diseases (especially endocrine). That is why the diagnosis of hypotension can only be made by a doctor and only after an examination, during which the causes of the pathological condition are clarified along the way.

Diagnostics arterial hypotension First of all, it involves measuring blood pressure three times at intervals of 5-10 minutes. In addition, daily monitoring of blood pressure, an assessment of its changes throughout the day, may be required.

To understand what kind of (primary or secondary) hypotension the patient has, it is required full examination endocrine, nervous and cardiovascular systems. This requires a blood test (for sugar and cholesterol), an ECG (at rest, as well as after exercise), EchoCG (echocardiography), EEG (electroencephalography), and an orthostatic test.

In addition, patients with hypotension should definitely consult with an ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, neurologist and cardiologist.

Arterial hypotension: treatment, prognosis and prevention

Since fainting with arterial hypotension is not uncommon, everyone should know how to provide first aid to these patients.

First of all, the patient must be seated, and it is better to put on his back. Clothing that presses on the patient's body should be unbuttoned (especially the collar). After that, the person’s legs must be raised so that they are slightly higher than the head, and a pillow should be placed under them. Thanks to this, the blood in the most short time will begin to pour to the head.

The patient is then brought back to consciousness. To do this, you can give him a sniff ammonia or vinegar. If they are not at hand - suitable and ordinary water to be sprayed on the victim's face. In general, the actions may vary somewhat, depending on where exactly the person fainted. The easiest way to provide first aid at home.

In any case, the main thing is that a person can breathe in enough fresh air. After rendering assistance, a doctor should be called, even if the patient has already come to his senses, and his state of health has returned to normal. While waiting for an ambulance, you need to check the patient's pulse. After fainting, it will also not be superfluous to drink sweet tea with candy.

Treatment of arterial hypotension consists, first of all, in the elimination of those negative factors that caused physiological changes in organism. After that, specialists prescribe medications for plant-based. For example, tincture of Eleutherococcus, hawthorn, lemon or ginseng. These are herbal adaptogens that improve vascular tone and thus bring blood pressure back to normal.

In more severe cases, neuroprotectors, antidepressants, and antioxidants may be prescribed. Citramon is quite often used. It effectively relieves headaches caused by hypotension. In addition, it is possible to use Ortho-taurine. It is ideal for women who have hypotension before menstruation, as well as children who experience memory impairment and absent-mindedness due to hypotension.

To relieve irritation, normalize sleep and improve metabolic processes Glycine is used in the brain. To improve the psycho-emotional state, get rid of dizziness, improve performance, you should use Nootropil (Piracetam). To tone the blood vessels and muscle tissue patient, to improve the functioning of the brain, the attending physician may recommend Saparal.

Arterial hypotension, the treatment of which is to take medications, can accompany the patient for many years.

Therefore, in order to reduce the load on the liver and improve well-being during periods of remission, instead of drugs, it is recommended to use traditional medicine:

• For example, you can take 15 g of dried lemongrass berries and grind them into powder. After that, pour 300 g of water into the pan and bring it to a boil. After boiling the liquid, lemongrass berries are added to it. Means to cook on low heat for 15 minutes. Then this product is cooled and poured into an opaque container. You need to take a decoction of 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
• To increase blood pressure, it is useful to eat salty, spicy and spicy foods, dark chocolate, and drink strong tea (especially green) and coffee. During treatment, the patient should eat a balanced diet, consume a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.
• For the same purpose, it is useful to take lingonberry juice 1.5 cups 3 times a day after meals. According to the same scheme, according to 1 tbsp. l. You can also drink celery juice.
• To increase the pressure, you can use a remedy made from lemon with honey. To do this, you need to grind 3 medium-sized lemons in a meat grinder and put them in a two-liter jar. After that, lemons should be poured 0.5 l boiled water and put them in the refrigerator. After 1-2 days, 300 g is added there bee honey. After that, lemons with honey are again placed in the refrigerator for 1-2 days. The finished product should be consumed in 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day for half an hour before meals.

To improve the patient's condition, physiotherapeutic procedures can be recommended, in particular electrophoresis with tonic substances in the collar region, massage, water procedures (diastolic pressure is especially raised), acupuncture and electrosleep.

The prognosis for hypotension is always favorable, because in this condition the human body does not suffer at all. Moreover, the organs of the cardiovascular system with hypotension “wear out” much more slowly than with hypertension or even normal pressure. Often, improvement in well-being occurs immediately after the elimination of the cause of the pathology.

Those patients in whom hypotension is a consequence of a genetic predisposition to it can prevent exacerbations if they lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, and use plant-based tonics from time to time.

Prevention of hypotension consists in giving up bad habits, maintaining healthy lifestyle life, normalization of sleep and wakefulness, proper nutrition. To prevent the development of hypotension, a person should avoid stress, mental and physical overwork, but at the same time engage in light sports.

In order to predict an exacerbation of chronic hypotension, the patient should measure his blood pressure from time to time, and then, if necessary, treat arterial hypotension as soon as possible.

Hypotension - low blood pressure, is quite common. It may be a temporary condition or indicate some disease. In any case, when signs of hypotension appear, you need to look for the cause in order to take adequate measures.

What is hypotension?

The numbers 100-140 mm Hg are considered normal. For upper bound blood pressure and 60-90 for lower. If they deviate to a smaller side, we are talking about hypotension. It can be an independent disease or be an indicator of some problems.

However, do not worry if the pressure occasionally drops for a short period of time, this may be due to certain conditions. If it is constantly low, then you need to find out the reasons.

The danger of hypotension

Reduced blood pressure means a decrease in blood flow, which adversely affects the blood supply to the internal organs. This eventually leads to a deterioration in the condition of all body systems. This is main danger permanently low blood pressure.

Reasons for low blood pressure

The reasons for the decrease in pressure can be related to both external influences, so with internal factors or characteristics of the body.

The most common reasons:

• chronic stress;
• Pathologies of the cardiovascular system or gastrointestinal tract;
• Dehydration of the body or large blood loss;
• Hypovitaminosis;
• The effect of certain medications;
• Lack of physical activity;
• Individual characteristics of the organism.

Hypotension is more common in women than in men and may present at a certain age. For example, often a decrease in blood pressure occurs in adolescents. This is due to the features transitional age when the body goes hormonal changes and there is a rapid growth.

Older people may experience a decrease in blood pressure during sleep and for some time after waking up. Nocturnal hypotension in such cases is due to the aging of the cardiovascular system and is often accompanied by neurological or other cardiac pathologies.

How does hypotension manifest itself?

This problem does not specific symptoms, signs of hypotension are similar to manifestations of cardiovascular, neurological pathologies. All manifestations can be divided into objective and those that the patient feels, but they cannot be identified with the help of research.

General subjective symptoms:

The most common objective manifestations:

• sweating;
• sleep disorders;
• Irritability;
• Dyspnea;
• Pain behind the sternum;
• Darkening in the eyes during sudden movements;
• Paleness of the skin, possibly blue fingertips;
• Violation of menstrual function in women and deterioration of potency in men.

Another symptom of hypotension is edema. Most often, we associate their presence with high blood pressure, but insufficient blood circulation due to low blood pressure worsens the functioning of the heart and slows down blood flow. This leads to disruption of the circulation renal pelvis, as a result of which the water-salt balance and decreased diuresis. This is approximately the mechanism for the development of edema in hypotension.

Enough common symptom hypotensive patients have headaches. They are explained by a decrease in the tone of the veins and small arteries of the brain. The outflow of blood is disturbed, and arching pain occurs, most often in the temples and in the back of the head. Due to deterioration venous outflow in the brain area, nausea and even vomiting are possible.

Hypotension patients often have a dependence on weather conditions in terms of well-being. They can respond to change atmospheric pressure, for the change of weather. During such periods, they are subject to a deterioration in mood and even depression, they may have problems with sleep. Manifestations of hypotension can make themselves felt in a stuffy room, in conditions of high humidity, with a sharp change in conditions, for example, when entering a warm room from the street.

Pain in the heart area can also occur due to hypotension. It is characterized by pain at rest. They may be accompanied by a feeling of lack of air. Hypotension patients often do deep breaths due to the slowing of blood flow to compensate for the lack of oxygen reaching the lungs.

Manifestations of hypotension are detected with changes in environment: in a stuffy room, with high humidity, driving in crowded vehicles. Many hypotensive patients adapt worse to environmental changes. They need more time to “rebuild” when going from hot to cold and vice versa. Such people require a longer time for acclimatization.

Private symptoms can appear after diseases that lead to a weakening of cardiac activity, blood loss. Injuries, including to the head, can lead to impaired thermoregulation and symptoms of hypotension.

Orthostatic form of hypotension

This is a specific form of the disease. Its symptoms appear when the position of the body changes. The vessels "do not have time" to respond when a person gets up from a chair or from a bed, sharply straightens out of the slope. At such times, hypotension occurs. The main symptom in this case is darkening in the eyes. There may be dizziness and even fainting.

What provokes and makes life easier for hypertensive patients.

Diagnostics

It requires a careful and serious approach, as its symptoms are similar to those of many other diseases. This state may be the result of some pathology. To take adequate measures, it is necessary to find out the cause of the symptoms. When contacting a doctor, a detailed anamnesis is collected and an extended diagnostic examination is carried out.

What needs to be done to make a diagnosis:

• General urine and blood tests;
• Research on sugar;
• Hormonal blood test;
• Ultrasound diagnostics of the heart, vessels of the neck and brain;
• ECG in dynamics.

After receiving all the results of the research, the doctor draws conclusions and prescribes treatment. If the reduced pressure is due to some kind of disease, then the main efforts are directed to its treatment. In most cases, a combination of measures is required for successful treatment..

Methods for the treatment of hypotension

• drug therapy;
• Folk remedies;
• Diet;
• Physical activity.

Medical therapy

Medications are prescribed mainly as symptomatic and supportive therapy. It is important to strengthen blood vessels, increase blood flow, relieve pain and discomfort.

Hypotonic patients are helped by drugs that increase blood pressure. This is caffeine and other products containing this substance. good effect observed when taking amino acids, which are the building material for blood vessels, and also have the properties of neurotransmitters, that is, they improve the functioning of the nervous system.

Supportive care includes nootropic drugs and, if necessary, headache remedies

Drugs prescribed for hypotension

Treatment with folk remedies

Hypotonics will benefit from taking various natural tonics. Can be purchased finished preparations in tablets, as well as in the form of tinctures, extracts. You can make a tonic tea or infusion at home.

Plants such as Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Eleutherococcus, and ginseng have the most pronounced effect.

Nutrition Features

It is important to eat right with hypotension, but always taking into account contraindications, so consultation with specialists is required. Salty, fatty, carbohydrate-rich foods are helpful because they increase blood pressure. Cinnamon, cloves and hot peppers will also help raise the pressure.

Physical activity

When a person moves, the heart works harder and the blood circulates more intensively. This leads to increased pressure and improved well-being. Any help physical exercise or fitness classes. For pregnant women or the elderly, it is optimal to do exercise therapy.

A specially selected complex will help improve well-being and reduce negative reactions associated with hypotension.

Video: Low blood pressure

Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, vision problems are all symptoms of hypotension. According to statistics, women are more susceptible to the disease than men, and the diagnosis of the disease occurs both in childhood and in old age. What kind of disease it is, how to recognize it in time and fight it correctly - we will tell in this article.

What is hypotension

This is a permanent or temporary low blood pressure. The complexity of the disease is that it is often difficult to identify it even for the patient himself, since in order to recognize the disease, you need to measure the pressure, and the symptoms themselves can be blurred and invisible.

Causes of hypotension

There are a lot of reasons why hypotension may appear, since the reasons for the drop in pressure can be very different. However, among common causes experts note the following:

• and prolonged stay in states that traumatize the psyche. The reason is not entirely one-sided, because the body can react to a similar state not with low, but with increased pressure, then it manifests itself.
• Another reason for the disease is neurocirculatory dystonia. This is a whole "bouquet" of diseases of the cardiovascular system. According to experts in this field, in 80% of cases this disease turns into a diagnosis of hypotension.
• Hypotension can be a consequence of certain diseases, for example: hypothyroidism, infectious lesions, tumors, both benign and malignant, heart failure, etc.
• Severe bleeding leads to low blood pressure.
• especially deficiency of vitamins E, C and B.
• poisoning, serious injury and anaphylactic shock.
• Consequence of long debilitating diets.
• Regular intake of certain medications can cause low blood pressure.
• Sudden changes in pressure in the atmosphere and changes in the weather can serve as a change in pressure.

These are just some of the reasons why blood pressure may drop below normal levels. By the way, blood pressure is considered to be lower than 100/60.

Symptoms of hypotension

If the pressure is reduced by physiological reason, then a person may simply not notice the symptoms, but in other situations, the symptoms will depend on the genesis of the pathology:

Hypotension in children

Given the statistics, hypotension in children, unfortunately, is becoming more and more common, and boys are less susceptible to the disease than girls. There are several reasons for the appearance of such health problems:

Sometimes hypotension can be quite expected, this applies to cases where it does not act as the underlying disease, but as a symptom of another ailment.

You can understand that a child has hypotension by the following symptoms:

• fainting;
• nosebleeds;
• feeling of lack of air;
• pain in the joints and muscles;
• such children are problematic to travel in transport;
• an incomprehensible increase in body temperature without other symptoms;
• problems in the work of the heart;
• disturbed work of the digestive organs;
• memory disorders;
• disrupted work of the central nervous system: headaches appear, mental abilities deteriorate, instability appears in terms of emotions, etc.

Treatment of hypotension

Quality treatment should take into account the factor that served as the onset of the disease. After identifying, it is necessary to eliminate the cause, and then deal with the symptoms. General recommendations for the treatment of hypotension:

With the permission of the doctor, you can use traditional medicine in the treatment.

• Immortelle tincture, radiola rosea, prickly tartar, ginseng, echinacea, magnolia vine, leuzea have a good effect on the treatment of hypotension.
• Mix 50 g of natural ground coffee, juice squeezed from one lemon and half a kilogram of honey. This mixture is great for raising blood pressure when needed.
• Ten grams of dry immortelle pour a glass of water and boil in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Strain and drink a third of a glass before meals.
• Pour 50 g of prickly tartar with half a liter of boiling water and cook for about ten minutes, then leave the finished product for about an hour. Reception is carried out on a large spoon several times a day.
• Grind a lemon and a pound of dried fruits (dried apricots) into a total mass. Add four large spoons of honey and stir. This delicacy perfectly improves the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, normalizing blood pressure.
• Useful for hypotension freshly squeezed juice from celery. He drinks a couple of large spoons in the morning and evening.
• Strong sweet tea, with crushed ginger added to it, well raises the pressure.

Hypotension (low pressure): signs, causes, neutralization of pathology

Hypotension (hypotension) is a violation in the vessels. Arterial hypotension is, accordingly, a violation of pressure in the arteries. The pressure depends on the heart rate. The prefix "hypo-" indicates insufficient pressure, that is, the blood in the arteries is not pumped as intensively as it should. You can talk about hypotension if the pressure is 20% lower than normal. The norm is considered to be 120/80, and with indicators lower than 90/60, it is worth considering the presence of hypotension.

Symptoms of hypotension

Blood pressure is a measured value, it can be determined using a tonometer. If the device shows values ​​​​of 90 mm Hg systolic (so-called upper) and 60 mm Hg diastolic (lower) or lower, then this condition can be called arterial hypotension or low blood pressure.

In addition to the readings of the tonometer, there are the following symptoms of hypotension:

Arterial hypotension very often manifests itself, especially in stuffy rooms. In general, we can say that people with low blood pressure react negatively to the slightest changes in the external environment - to changes in air temperature, humidity, stuffiness, as well as to various emotional stimuli.

By themselves, these signs are not symptoms that accurately confirm the presence of hypotension. Isolated cases of weakness or dizziness do not indicate low pressure. But if there are several symptoms and they are constant, then you should consult a doctor.

Types of arterial hypotension

Hypotension can be primary or secondary. Primary occurs as an independent disease. Most often, its cause is low activity of the autonomic nervous system or psycho-emotional stress. Otherwise, it is called idiopathic.

Secondary hypotension is much more common - resulting from other diseases. Hypotension may accompany the following diseases:

1. Endocrine disorders, including, and most often - disorders of the adrenal glands;
2. Injuries to internal organs and especially to the brain;
3. Cirrhosis of the liver;
4. Hepatitis;
5. peptic ulcer;
6. Others.

It makes no sense to treat secondary low blood pressure without treating the underlying disease., getting rid of which will lead to the normalization of blood pressure.

Hypotension may be:

• Acute;
• chronic;

Acute hypotension occurs with severe diagnoses and is characterized by sharp drop pressure. Hypotension as a concomitant condition is characteristic of a heart attack, arrhythmias and cardiac disorders, severe allergic reaction or big.

Chronic hypotension is also called physiological. It occurs among athletes, but can also be in people for whom low blood pressure is a variant of the norm and does not cause negative symptoms. Reduced blood pressure is also characteristic of people who permanently live in adverse conditions, for example, among residents of the Far North or the tropics. If low blood pressure worries, then such chronic hypotension is pathological and requires correction and treatment.

Orthostatic hypotension

In some cases orthostatic collapse may often occur in the morning upon waking and getting out of bed

Very common orthostatic hypotension - a sharp decrease in blood pressure with a change in body position. This is a fairly common condition among adolescents, when a growing body requires more intensive vascular work. When standing up or being in vertical position for a long time, blood can flow to the brain in insufficient quantities. As a result, the pressure drops, dizziness occurs, it gets dark in the eyes, and fainting may occur. This condition is called orthostatic collapse. If a few minutes after the collapse, there is a decrease in pressure, and the signs of hypotension do not disappear, then we can talk about.

The causes of orthostatic hypotension can be dehydration, taking certain medications (drugs for hypertension, antidepressants), diseases (diabetes, etc.).

Reasons for low blood pressure

As mentioned, other diseases can cause hypotension. The causes of hypotension are also taking medications, including drugs that treat hypertension.

Cause hypotension the following factors:

1. Decreased blood volume due to dehydration or blood loss;
2. Heart failure, heart failure;
3. Poor vascular tone;
4. Lack of vitamins;
5. Neurosis and depression;
6. sleep deprivation;
7. External influence: bad weather conditions, for example, high humidity.

The main reason can be considered decreased vascular tone. In hypotensive patients, the vessels (arteries) do not contract fast enough, causing blood to be pumped more slowly than necessary for normal functioning organism.

The cause of hypotension may be a congenital predisposition.

Why is hypotension dangerous?

It is not hypotension itself that should cause concern, but the causes of low pressure. Should be identified real reasons such a state and pay close attention to them in order to prevent the development serious illnesses cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Low blood pressure and pregnancy

The danger is low blood pressure during pregnancy. If future mother hypotension, the fetus experiences oxygen starvation as a result of a poor supply of oxygen to the placenta, which can result in disturbances in its development. Pregnant women with low blood pressure are more likely to experience toxicosis and - on later dates – .

The insidiousness of hypotension in pregnant women is that it is difficult to notice. Lethargy and fatigue, as well as other associated symptoms of hypotension, are considered some deviation from the normal course of pregnancy, but not hypotension. In such cases, the care of the doctor leading the pregnancy is very important.

Cardiac manifestations

Particular attention requires low lower pressure, which is a sign of low vascular elasticity and leads to. To combat this, the heart begins to work harder, and, consequently, the upper - systolic - pressure rises. The difference between the upper and lower pressures is called pulse pressure and should not exceed 40 mmHg. Any deviations of this difference lead to lesions of the cardiovascular system.

infographic: AiF

Advantages of the pathological condition

Arterial hypotension is most often a physiological state of the body and does not pose a danger. On the contrary, it is easier to say why hypotension is not dangerous. Hypotonics are not afraid of the most insidious disease of our time, which gives rise to and, -. With hypotension, the blood vessels remain clean longer and are not afraid of atherosclerosis. According to statistics, people with chronic hypotension live much longer than hypertensive patients.

Low blood pressure treatment

In most cases, medical treatment of hypotension is not required. The most common causes of low blood pressure are unhealthy lifestyle and stress. Physiological hypotension should not be treated, but it must be remembered in order to prevent pressure surges. If you are concerned about any one symptom of hypotension, for example, drowsiness, then, first of all, it is worth adjusting the daily routine. This alone is enough to deal with unpleasant state. You can call on the fight against hypotension traditional medicine.

If hypotension is caused by neurological disorders or malformations of the cardiovascular system, then the doctor should prescribe treatment. If a person observes the symptoms of low blood pressure for a long time, then you should definitely contact a cardiologist and a neurologist to conduct an examination and prescribe the necessary pills, as well as give recommendations on lifestyle changes.

Hypotension and traditional medicine

Treatment folk remedies very effective for hypotension. There are many herbal preparations that improve the well-being of hypotensive patients. These plants include:

Accept specified herbal preparations stands in the absence of contraindications according to the usual schemes indicated on the package.

It is believed that freshly brewed coffee saves from low blood pressure. Indeed, the invigorating effect of caffeine has been proven. But, firstly, it is much more contained in green tea, and secondly, addiction to caffeine quickly enough, therefore, the therapeutic effect will disappear.

With a general decrease in tone and the so-called blues, a slight antidepressant effect sufficient to treat hypotension can be exerted by St. John's wort.

Lifestyle with hypotension

Hypotension, if not caused organic disorders, fine can be adjusted the right way life. To avoid the need for medication to treat hypotension, you should:

1. Observe the daily routine;
2. Get enough sleep (as a rule, hypotensive patients need large quantity sleep than people with normal blood pressure);
3. Eat right, providing yourself with all the vitamins and minerals, and if this is not possible with normal nutrition, you should take vitamin complexes;
4. Drink enough water;
5. More often to be in the air, it is advisable to take a walk every day for at least half an hour;
6. Go in for sports - even minimal exercise stress works wonders, it does not have to be a professional sport, of course, morning exercises are enough, active games with kids;
7. Take water procedures - pour over cool water, swim, harden;
8. Visit a bath or sauna, which have a beneficial effect on vascular tone;
9. Keep a good mood and not worry about trifles.

infographic: AiF

Proper nutrition

It is very important to eat right at low pressure. It is necessary to include foods rich in B vitamins in your diet. Foods that increase blood pressure are yeast products (bread, kvass), milk, potatoes, carrots, nuts, honey. Normalizes the pressure of beets and beet juice, which is recommended to be taken in courses if there are no problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

You can quickly raise low pressure by drinking a cup of coffee with chocolate, but this method will work only if it is used infrequently, and is not regular.

People with low blood pressure, when compared with hypertensive patients, are incredibly lucky, because they do not need to critically limit themselves in salt and spices. Salt retains water, which means it increases blood volume, which has a beneficial effect on blood pressure. Spices and spices also improve the well-being of hypotensive patients, because they "cheer up" the body, make everyone internal organs work better, increase vascular tone, which also leads to normalization of pressure.

Attention! overuse salt can still harm other organs , so it's not worth it to abuse it.

So let's summarize the above. Arterial hypotension is a condition characterized by low blood pressure in the arteries. It can be primary, that is, arising independently, and secondary - as a result of other diagnoses.

The causes of arterial hypotension are usually either disorders in the work of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, or psycho-emotional stress. In the first case, it is necessary to correct organic lesions medication, consulting a cardiologist or neurologist. In the second case, you can get by with lifestyle adjustments and traditional medicine.

Video: hypotension in the Philosophy of Health program