Pantogam injections instructions for use. Nootropic drug Pantogam - side effects in children
Original nootropic drug for children from birth and adults with a unique combination of activating and sedative effects
Pantogam tablets - official* instructions for use
*registered by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (according to grls.rosminzdrav.ru)
Registration number:
LS-000339 Trade name of the drug:
International nonproprietary name:
hopantenic acid.Dosage form:
pills.Description:
pills white, flat-cylindrical, with chamfer and notch.
Composition per tablet:
active substance: calcium hopanthenate (Pantogam®) 250 mg;
Excipients: methylcellulose 0.8 mg, calcium stearate 3.1 mg, magnesium hydroxycarbonate 46.8 mg, talc 9.3 mg.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
nootropic agent.ATX code: N06BX.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics.
The spectrum of action of Pantogam® is associated with the presence in its structure gamma-aminobutyric acid. The mechanism of action is due to the direct influence of Pantogam® on GABA in the receptor-channel complex. The drug has a nootropic and anticonvulsant effect. Pantogam® increases the brain’s resistance to hypoxia and the effects of toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, combines moderate sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect, reduces motor excitability, activates mental and physical performance. Improves GABA metabolism in chronic alcohol intoxication and after ethanol withdrawal. It is capable of inhibiting acetylation reactions involved in the mechanisms of inactivation of procaine (novocaine) and sulfonamides, thereby prolonging the action of the latter. Causes inhibition of the pathologically increased bladder reflex and detrusor tone.
Pharmacokinetics.
Pantogam ® is rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, penetrates the blood-brain barrier, the highest concentrations are created in the liver, kidneys, stomach wall and skin. The drug is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged within 48 hours: 67.5% of dose taken- with urine, 28.5% - with feces.
Indications for use
The drug is used in children over 3 years of age. In more early age It is recommended to take the drug in syrup form.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, acute serious illnesses kidneys, pregnancy, lactation.
Directions for use and doses
Orally 15-30 minutes after meals.
A single dose for adults is usually 0.25-1 g, for children - 0.25-0.5 g; daily dose for adults - 1.5-3 g, for children - 0.75-3 g. The course of treatment is from 1 to 4 months, in some cases - up to 6 months. After 3-6 months it is possible to carry out repeat course treatment.
For epilepsy in combination with anticonvulsants at a dose of 0.75 to 1 g per day. The course of treatment is up to 1 year or more.
For extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome in combination with ongoing therapy, a daily dose of up to 3 g, treatment for several months.
With extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary diseases nervous system in combination with ongoing therapy from 0.5 to 3 g per day. The course of treatment is up to 4 months or more.
For the consequences of neuroinfections and traumatic brain injuries 0.25 g 3-4 times a day.
To restore performance under increased loads and asthenic conditions Pantogam® is prescribed 0.25 g 3 times a day.
For the treatment of extrapyramidal syndrome caused by taking antipsychotics: adults 0.5-1 g 3 times a day, children 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.
For ticks: children: 0.25-0.5 g 3-6 times a day, for 1-4 months.
For urinary problems: adults 0.5-1 g 2-3 times a day, children 0.25-0.5 g (daily dose is 25-50 mg/kg). The course of treatment is from 1 to 3 months.
Children with various pathologies nervous system depending on age, the drug is recommended in a dose of 1-3 g. Tactics for prescribing the drug: increasing the dose over 7-12 days, taking maximum dose for 15-40 days and gradually reduce the dose until Pantogam® is discontinued within 7-8 days. The break between courses of Pantogam®, as for any other nootropic drug, ranges from 1 to 3 months.
In conditions long-term treatment The simultaneous administration of the drug with other nootropic and stimulant drugs is not recommended. Taking into account the nootropic effect of the drug, it is preferably taken in the morning and daytime hours.
Side effect
Possible allergic reactions(rhinitis, conjunctivitis, allergic skin reactions). In this case, discontinue the drug.
Very rarely, undesirable reactions from the central nervous system are observed (hyperexcitation, sleep disturbance or drowsiness, lethargy, lethargy, headache, dizziness, noise in the head). In this case, reduce the dose of the drug.
Overdose
Increased symptoms side effects(sleep disturbances or drowsiness, noise in the head).
Treatment: activated carbon, gastric lavage, symptomatic therapy.
Interaction with other drugs
Prolongs the effect of barbiturates, enhances the effect of anticonvulsants, prevents the side effects of phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and neuroleptics. The effect of Pantogam® is enhanced in combination with glycine and etidronic acid. Potentiates action local anesthetics(procaine).
Release form
Tablets 250 mg. 10 tablets in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum foil. 5 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.
Best before date
4 years. Do not use after expiration date.
Storage conditions
In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
On prescription.
Manufacturer
LLC "PIK-PHARMA", 125047, Moscow, per. Oruzheiny, 25, building 1.
Produced:
LLC "PIK-PHARMA PRO", 188663, Leningrad region, Vsevolozhsky district, Kuzmolovsky, workshop building No. 92
or
OZON LLC, 445351, Samara region, Zhigulevsk, st. Gidrostroiteley, 6.
Many of us would do well to find out why Pantogam is prescribed, how this drug works and what effects should be expected when using it in medicinal purposes. Let's look at the basic information about this medicine: components, regimen of use, indications and contraindications.
Pantogam - composition of the drug
Pantogam belongs to the group of psychostimulant and nootropic drugs widely used in psychoneurology. The drug was developed in the seventies of the last century in one of the Russian research institutes, and since the eighties it has been constantly available in the domestic market. pharmaceutical market. Pantogam, whose composition is based on one active substance and auxiliary ingredients, is available in three forms: tablets, capsules and syrup.
The active component is calcium hopantenate (calcium salt of hopantenic acid), the chemical structure of which is considered as a modified molecule pantothenic acid, including a residue of gamma-aminobutyric acid, the most important neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. To understand why Pantogam is prescribed, we list the main therapeutic effects of calcium hopanthenate:
- increased resistance of the brain to hypoxia and the influence of toxic substances;
- stimulation of energy metabolic processes in neurons;
- improving blood supply to the brain;
- increased protein synthesis;
- acceleration of impulse transmission in the central nervous system;
- improving glucose uptake by nerve cells;
- strengthening cell membranes;
- decreased motor excitability;
- anticonvulsant effect;
- moderate sedative effect;
- increasing mental and physical performance;
- weakening pain syndrome neuralgic in nature.
The listed actions are characterized by moderation, and the medicine itself to this day belongs to drugs with unproven effectiveness, like others. This is due to the fact that it has not yet been clarified what the mechanism of influence of the drug on the body is, and its clinical researches with patient participation are in the fourth phase (post-marketing studies). A number of scientists classify Pantogam as a means of acting on the placebo principle, others consider it not as medicinal product, but how biologically active supplement that can improve the quality of life.
Pantogam syrup
The drug in syrup form is intended for pediatric patients, starting from the neonatal period. It is a slightly viscous liquid, colorless or yellowish, with a cherry aroma. Syrup for children Pantogam contains 10 g of calcium hopantenate in 100 ml of solution, as well as the following excipients:
- glycerol;
- sorbitol;
- sodium benzoate;
- monohydrate citric acid;
- aspartame;
- food flavoring;
- purified water.
Pantogam tablets
The tablet medication is prescribed for adults and children over three years of age. These are round white tablets with rice, slightly bitter in taste. Active substance may be contained in the amount of 0.25 g (Pantogam 250) or 0.5 g (Pantogam 500) in each tablet. Other components of the tablets:
- methylcellulose;
- calcium stearate;
- magnesium hydroxycarbonate;
- talc.
Pantogam capsules
A new development of the manufacturer is the drug Pantogam active in the form of gelatin capsules. The medicine has an improved formula in which active substance D,L-hopantenic acid is a racemate of hopantenic acid, which has more pronounced nootropic and anticonvulsant activity and additional anti-anxiety effect. Hard capsules, yellow color, with white or yellowish powder inside. This form of medication is prescribed to patients over eighteen years of age (due to the lack of studies on use at an earlier age).
The active component may be contained in an amount of 200 or 300 mg in each capsule, and as excipients are used:
- titanium dioxide;
- gelatin;
- glycerol;
- sodium lauryl sulfate;
- purified water;
- nipagin;
- nipazole;
- microcrystalline cellulose;
- magnesium stearate.
Pantogam - indications for use
Often, the medication is prescribed as part of complex therapy for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with the central nervous system, along with tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, other nootropic drugs, and so on. In some cases it is used as monotherapy. Pantogam has numerous indications, being used to treat children and adults, including the elderly.
Pantogam for children
Syrup and tablets for children Pantogam are recommended by pediatricians, child neurologists and psychiatrists after a series of diagnostic studies, confirming the presence of a particular health problem. Let's list why childhood Pantogam is prescribed for the treatment of which pathologies:
- children's cerebral paralysis;
- with attention deficit disorder;
- mental retardation varying degrees expressiveness;
- psychomotor and speech disorders;
- delay in the formation of school skills (reading, counting, writing);
- nervous tic;
- sleep disorders;
- enuresis, encopresis;
- childhood phobias.
Pantogam for adults
The following list of indications will tell you why Pantogam is prescribed to adults:
- brain damage and neurotic disorders accompanied by impaired memory, concentration, speech, thinking and other cognitive functions;
- traumatic brain injuries;
- neuroinfections;
- cerebrovascular insufficiency associated with atherosclerotic lesions vessels;
- myoclonic epilepsy;
- Huntington's chorea;
- hepatolenticular degeneration;
- extrapyramidal syndrome associated with taking antipsychotics;
- schizophrenia;
- trigeminal neuralgia;
- Urgent urinary incontinence;
- frequent urination of a neurogenic nature;
- consequences of psycho-emotional overload.
Pantogam - contraindications
Many patients are concerned about whether Pantogam can be taken during pregnancy. It is worth knowing that in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the formation of the main organs and tissues of the unborn baby occurs, this drug cannot be used. For this reason, if treatment with Pantogam is carried out, before the end of the therapeutic course, the woman should take care that conception does not occur. The ban also applies to the period breastfeeding, during which the medicine may cause harm. In the second and third periods of pregnancy, the drug is allowed to be taken according to strict indications.
In addition, the list of contraindications to the drug includes the following conditions:
- individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
- severe kidney disease in the acute phase;
- phenylketonuria (for syrup).
How to take Pantogam correctly?
Depending on why Pantogam is prescribed, the age of the patient, and how severe the pathology is, medication dosage regimens are different. It must be taken into account that Pantogam, the use of which can last from one to four months, and sometimes up to six months, during long-term treatment should not be taken in parallel with other nootropic and stimulant drugs. Due to the specific action of the drug, it is advisable to take it in the morning and daytime, since when consumed in the evening, you may encounter a disruption in the process of falling asleep and staying asleep.
Pantogam - dosage for children
Pantogam, dosage for children of different ages varies, often prescribed in the following daily amounts:
- children of the first year - 0.5-1 g;
- children under three years old - 0.5-1.25 g;
- children from three to seven years old - 0.75-1.5 g;
- children from seven to twelve years old - 1-2 g;
- children over twelve years old – 1.5-3 years.
According to standard treatment tactics, during the first week of use the dose is increased, the maximum dose of the drug is taken over the next 15-40 or more days, and then the dose is gradually reduced until discontinuation over 7-8 days. A single dose is often 0.25-0.5 g, syrup or tablets are taken 15-30 minutes after a meal.
Let's look at how to take Pantogam for children with some specific pathologies:
- urinary disorders - daily dose of 25-50 mg per kilogram of weight, course of treatment within 1-3 months;
- consequences of traumatic brain injuries and neuroinfections – 0.25 g 3-4 times a day;
- epilepsy - children from three years old - daily 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day, children from 12 years old - 0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day.
Pantogam - dosage for adults
The regimen and recommendations for how to take Pantogam for adults are identical to those prescribed for pediatric patients, but the dosages in this case are higher. So, often the drug in the form of tablets is taken at a rate of 1.5-3 g per day, divided into several doses of 0.25-1 g. In the form of capsules, the medication is taken in an amount of no more than 2.4 g per day - 0.3- 0.9 g per dose. Be sure to take the medicine a few minutes after eating, which ensures good absorption and maximum therapeutic effectiveness.
Depending on why Pantogam is prescribed to adult patients, the prescribed doses are adjusted, for example:
- psycho-emotional overload – 0.25 g three times a day;
- hyperkinesis – 1.5–3 g daily;
- cerebrovascular insufficiency - 0.25 g 3-4 times a day.
How long should I take Pantogam?
How to take Pantogam, with what duration of course treatment, is determined by the speed of achieving therapeutic effect, after which the likelihood of an unwanted hyperstimulating effect increases. On average, therapy takes 1.5-2 months. In some cases, a repeat course is required, which is prescribed no earlier than after 3 months.
Pantogam - side effects
Pantogam tablets, syrup and capsules side effects may cause the following:
- drowsiness;
- sleep disorders;
- noise in the head;
- allergic manifestations ( skin rash, runny nose, conjunctivitis).
The drug is often well tolerated due to its low toxicity, and undesirable neurological symptoms can be observed only at the beginning of the course of treatment. Therefore, in the first days of taking the drug, it is recommended to refrain from driving a car and work related to operating other mechanisms. Undesirable effects, which consist in increasing the symptoms of an existing disease for the treatment of which Pantogam is prescribed, can be observed if the drug is taken incorrectly. If allergic reactions develop, the medication should be discontinued.
Pantogam (INN hopantenic acid) is a domestic nootropic remedy for pharmaceutical company Pik-Pharma LLC. Available in the form of tablets and syrup. A wide range of therapeutic activity and a favorable safety profile have led to the popularity of nootropics in a variety of areas of medicine. Any generally accepted classification of nootropics on this moment does not exist, but most pharmacologists tend to distinguish two main groups: classical nootropics (with a predominant mnestic effect) and neuroprotectors. In addition to the nootropic effect, neuroprotectors are able to stimulate metabolic processes in the brain, promote the restoration of cerebral tissues in case of various injuries, and increase the resistance of neurons to the effects of unfavorable exogenous or endogenous factors. During clinical trials Other effects of neuroprotectors have been established: membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antihypoxic. Pantogam is one of the most prominent representatives of the subgroup of neuroprotectors. Having appeared on the market several years before, perhaps, the most important nootropic, with whose name the name is associated pharmacological group- Piracetam, Pantogam have been successfully used in medicine for four decades. In its own way chemical structure the drug is the highest homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), later called hopantenic acid. This compound was synthesized in Japan in the early 50s of the last century. It came to the attention of Soviet pharmaceutical technologists and pharmacologists due to the presence in its structure of the GABA molecule, which, in turn, is one of the key neurotransmitters. Being a natural metabolite of GABA, hopantenic acid is a more promising compound, i.e.
is endowed with the property of penetrating the blood-brain barrier and regulating the functional activity of brain neurons. Pantogam has a nootropic and anticonvulsant effect, increases the resistance of brain tissue to oxygen starvation and exposure to toxins, activates anabolism in nerve cells, increases mental and physical performance, facilitates the regeneration of cerebral tissues after damage. Four decades of use of the drug in clinical practice have comprehensively confirmed its effectiveness and favorable safety profile. Pantogam is indicated for use to prevent diseases of the central nervous system (with psycho-emotional overload, excessive stress, vegetative pathology etc.), treatment of organic and functional disorders CNS. Among other nootropics, Pantogam stands out for its antiepileptic activity, which allows the drug to be used as aid in the treatment and prevention of seizures of this disease. The experience of using Pantogam in pediatric practice deserves special mention. Over the past few decades, cases of the development of cognitive disorders in children in the absence of organic diseases of the central nervous system have become more frequent. This is primarily due to increased intellectual and emotional stress in kindergartens and schools. These include attention deficit disorder, psychovegetative and asthenoneurotic syndromes. Clinical and post-marketing studies of Pantogam have confirmed its effectiveness in correcting the above-mentioned syndromes and normalizing the cognitive functions of children and adolescents.
Pharmacology
A nootropic agent that has neurometabolic, neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. Increases the brain's resistance to hypoxia and exposure toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in neurons, combines a moderate sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect, has an anticonvulsant effect, reduces motor excitability while regulating behavior. Increases mental and physical performance. Helps normalize GABA content during chronic alcohol intoxication and subsequent ethanol withdrawal. Shows analgesic effect.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, it is quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. T max - 1 hour. The highest concentrations are created in the liver, kidneys, stomach wall and skin. Penetrates through the BBB. Not metabolized. Excreted unchanged within 48 hours: 67.5% of the dose taken - in urine, 28.5% - in feces.Release form
The syrup is colorless or slightly yellowish, with a cherry smell.
Excipients: glycerol - 25.8 g, sorbitol - 15 g, citric acid monohydrate - 0.1 g, sodium benzoate - 0.1 g, aspartame - 0.05 g, food flavor "Cherry 667" - 0.01 g, purified water - up to 100 ml.
100 ml - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a 5 ml measuring spoon - cardboard packs.
Dosage
Taken orally. A single dose for adults is 0.5-1 g, for children - 0.25-0.5 g; daily dose for adults - 1.5-3 g, for children - 0.75-3 g. The course of treatment is 1-4 months, in some cases - up to 6 months. After 3-6 months, a second course of treatment is possible.
For children with mental impairment and oligophrenia - 0.5 g 4-6 times a day daily for 3 months; when delayed speech development- 0.5 g 3-4 times/day for 2-3 months.
As a corrector for neuroleptic syndrome, adults - 0.5-1 g 3 times/day, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times/day. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.
For epilepsy, children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times/day, adults - 0.5-1 g 3-4 times/day, daily, for a long time (up to 6 months).
For tics in adults - 1.5-3 g/day, daily, for 1-5 months; children - 0.25-0.5 g 3-6 times a day daily for 1-4 months.
For urinary problems in adults - 0.5-1 g 2-3 times a day, daily dose - 2-3 g; for children, a single dose is 0.25-0.5 g, daily - 25-50 mg/kg. The course of treatment is 0.5-3 months.
Interaction
Prolongs the effect of barbiturates, enhances the effects of anticonvulsants, nootropics and central nervous system stimulants, and the effect of local anesthetics (procaine).
Prevents side effects of phenobarbital, carbamazepine, antipsychotics(neuroleptics).
The effect of hopantenic acid is enhanced in combination with glycine and xydiphone.
Side effects
Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, skin rashes.
Indications
Cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels, senile dementia (initial forms), residual organic brain damage in mature and elderly people, cerebral organic insufficiency in patients with schizophrenia, extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary diseases of the nervous system (including Huntington's chorea, hepatocerebral dystrophy, Parkinson's disease), residual effects past neuroinfections, post-vaccination encephalitis, traumatic brain injury (as part of complex therapy); extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (hyperkinetic and akinetic), as a corrector of the side effects of antipsychotics (neuroleptics) and with for preventive purposes simultaneously as “cover therapy”; epilepsy (with slow mental processes in combination with anticonvulsants). Psycho-emotional overload, decreased mental and physical performance (increased concentration and memory). Urinary disorders: enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, urgency (adults and children over 2 years old).
Among the nootropic drugs that have a positive effect on nervous system, a medicine called “Pantogam” is in high demand. Children often buy this drug in the form of syrup, but it is also available in tablets. When can they be used in childhood, for what diseases, in what dose and how to properly give this medicine to a child?
Release form
Pantogam tablets are characterized by a round and flat shape, white color, and the presence of a score. They are packaged in blisters of ten pieces and sold in packs of 50 pieces.
Compound
The action of "Pantogam" is provided by a substance called hopantenic acid. It is present in the tablets in the form of calcium hopantenate (this is the form of the acid that is called “pantogam”). The amount of this ingredient in one tablet is 250 mg or 500 mg. It is supplemented by substances that give the medicine a dense structure - calcium stearate, magnesium hydroxycarbonate, methylcellulose and talc.
Operating principle
"Pantogam" represents a group of nootropic drugs, since such tablets have the ability to protect the brain from a lack of oxygen or the effects of various toxic compounds. As a result of taking Pantogam, metabolic processes in brain tissue are accelerated, performance increases, and the excitability of neurons is normalized. This medicine has some anticonvulsant effects, as well as the property of reducing detrusor tone and inhibiting the vesicular reflex if it is pathologically increased.
The ingredients of the tablets are absorbed quickly into the gastrointestinal tract and penetrate into the cells of the liver, stomach, skin, kidneys, brain and others. Within 2 days after administration, calcium hopanthenate leaves the patient’s body unchanged. About 2/3 of the drug is excreted by the kidneys, and the rest enters the feces.
Indications
At what age is it prescribed to children?
Solid form"Pantogam" is not used in children under 3 years of age. If treatment is required for a child under 3 years of age (for example, infant), "Pantogam" in syrup is prescribed. So sweet liquid medicine allowed from birth.
Contraindications
"Pantogam" tablets are not prescribed not only to small children, but also in the following situations:
- If the child has an intolerance to any ingredient of the medicine.
- If a young patient is diagnosed with serious acute illness kidney
Side effects
Taking tableted "Pantogam" can lead to the appearance negative reactions The patient’s central nervous system, which is manifested by severe agitation, insomnia, dizziness, noise in the head, lethargy, lethargy and other symptoms. Often, when they occur, the dosage of the drug is reduced, and such an undesirable reaction goes away.
In some children, treatment with Pantogam tablets provokes allergies in the form of a skin reaction, runny nose or inflammation of the conjunctiva. If symptoms of intolerance appear, the drug should be discontinued.
Application
According to the instructions for use, Pantogam is recommended to be taken in the morning or afternoon (no later than 17:00) after meals approximately 15-30 minutes later. Single dosage tablets in childhood is 0.25-0.5 g. Children usually receive from 0.75 g (three tablets of 250 mg) to 3 g (6 tablets of 500 mg) per day. The dose is determined based on the disease for which the medicine is prescribed.
For example, if a young patient has epilepsy and is additionally prescribed anticonvulsants, then it is enough for him to receive 0.75-1 g of Pantogam per day (3-4 tablets of 250 mg each). The same dosage is prescribed to eliminate the consequences infectious lesion brain or traumatic brain injury. At nervous tic the medicine is given in a dose of 0.25-0.5 g three to six times a day.
The duration of treatment also depends on the diagnosis - on average, the medication is taken for 1-3 months, although in some cases the therapy is extended for up to 6-12 months. Between Pantogam courses, if this medicine it is necessary to give again, take a break for 1-3 months.
The medicine should be taken according to a special regimen: for the first 7-12 days the dose is increased, starting from the minimum, then from 15 to 40 days the patient should take tablets in the highest dosage that is used for his illness. After this, the dose is gradually reduced until completely discontinued (this reduction takes about a week).
