Diphenhydramine is a strong antihistamine, used mainly as a constituent ingredient. lytic mixture, which also includes papaverine and analgin. Used when giving injections, which can give an extensive allergic reaction and cause anaphylactic shock.

Diphenhydramine is available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. The solution is available in ampoules for intramuscular injection. Used for exacerbations of seasonal and food allergies to counteract suffocation from angioedema, urticaria and itching or to reduce fever. Sometimes prescribed by a doctor as a mild sedative to improve sleep, but extremely rarely, since there are many more suitable sedatives for children of early years.

There are also many drugs containing Diphenhydramine in other forms - for example, suppositories with Diphenhydramine for children under 2 years of age.

The tablets are taken in courses of 10-15 days, the dosage is calculated based on the degree of the disease and individual tolerance. Try to avoid self-medication and consult a doctor, since Diphenhydramine has side effects that can slow down the child's development.

Diphenhydramine is regularly used in hospitals and emergency departments. Contains the active ingredient – ​​diphenhydramine. By blocking the histamine receptors of cells that are responsible for the body's response to allergens, it affects the course of allergies. A side effect is a block of cholinergic receptors.

Choline is an amino acid that supports active work body, therefore a side effect of Diphenhydramine is drowsiness.

• Allergic diseases;
• Temperature;
• Insomnia.

As part of a lytic mixture, Diphenhydramine acts as a remedy against the effects of other drugs (analgin, papaverine).

Before starting use, you must make sure that the product is appropriate to use in this situation. Ideally, Diphenhydramine is prescribed by a pediatrician; try to avoid self-medication in any case, since you may not understand the severity of its consequences.

Diphenhydramine is stronger than Suprastin, therefore it is recommended only for acute allergic conditions who threaten the child.

At seasonal allergies Diphenhydramine is rarely used for constant prevention hay fever is not suitable, therefore it is used only when urgently needed in young children. In some cases, diphenhydramine is given along with a vaccination, which can cause an allergic reaction in the child.

Due to its sedative effect, Diphenhydramine can be given to suppress nerve nodes and ensure sleep. This sleeping pill is safe and will not cause allergies.

Dosage

Depending on the etiology of the exacerbation, the dosage is calculated and administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. Try not to exceed this dosage.

• Depending on age, children are given an injection containing from 0.4 to 5 ml of a 1% solution. The calculation is based on the rule: 0.4 ml per 1 year child;
• Tablets are taken in ¼ doses at the age of 0 to 6 years from one to three times in a day. Taken in a course, since you can get withdrawal syndrome and sharp deterioration condition.

Lytic mixture

A lytic mixture is a solution in which analgin, papaverine and diphenhydramine are used. It is used as a means to reduce fever, dramatically facilitates the immune response to an irritant and lowers the temperature level. It has anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects, therefore we can assume that this mixture not only affects viral diseases, but also for diseases of a bacteriological nature.

An injection of the lytic mixture is prescribed and performed only by a person with or average injection experience medical education and higher. However, if you cannot wait for a doctor - the temperature rises, convulsions begin or the child loses consciousness, then it is necessary to resort to this procedure.

The mixture requires:

• Analgin 50%;
• Papaverine 2%;
• Diphenhydramine 1%.

All drugs are in ampoules and already contain water for injection. Analgin in the mixture acts as a remedy against the temperature itself, papaverine as an antispasmodic, preventing the development of seizures. Diphenhydramine is used as a sedative and anti-allergen, in order to exclude the possibility of developing complications of the anti-fever drug.

For an injection, the dosage of all substances is calculated according to the proportion - 2/2/1. Analgin is taken at two hundredths of a milliliter per kilogram of body weight, papaverine - 0.1 milliliter for the baby's full year, diphenhydramine - 0.4 milliliters per year. If the child is less than a year old, then the minimum dosage is taken for 1 year.

The injection also requires 70% medical alcohol or alcohol wipes for processing ampoules and syringes. Before injecting the solution, thoroughly clean the ampoules and the place where you will inject. If you don’t have any disinfectants available, you can use regular soap.

For children from 0 to 3 years old, a dosage of 2 ml syringe is sufficient, and for older children - 5 ml.

The needle is inserted two-thirds into the outer upper square of the buttock, perpendicular to the skin. Make sure that there is no air in the syringe and never touch the needle with dirty hands.

Contraindications and side effects

The only contraindication for Diphenhydramine is hypersensitivity to antihistamines and problems with respiratory system, for example, dry mucous membranes and thickened sputum. Possible increased manifestation of side effects. Give the drug with caution for congestive bronchitis and flu.

TO side properties include:

• Drowsiness;
• Dryness in the mucous membranes of the mouth;
• Dizziness;
• Numbness;
• Nausea or vomiting;
• Muscle weakness, slow reaction.

Drowsiness becomes more than just a side effect. The medicine has a sedative effect, like a sedative. Weakness, dizziness and slow reaction are a response to the inhibition of the vegetative nuclei. Headache and severe dizziness are symptoms of hypersensitivity to the drug, so you should consult your doctor if they occur.

An overdose of Diphenhydramine is possible when an inexperienced person incorrectly calculated the analgin and papaverine in the lytic mixture and gave the injection.

An increased dosage leads to increased side effects of the drug, such as depression of the central nervous system, from which depression of the respiratory center and coma develop. It is advisable before purchasing the drug in home first aid kit Consult your pediatrician to see if your child can use it.

Price

Diphenhydramine is an extremely cheap product - you can buy it for 20-30 rubles per box of 10 ampoules of 5 ml of 1% solution. The price of tablets varies from 20 to 60 rubles, depending on their form and manufacturer. Before use, be sure to consult your local pediatrician. Remember that an overdose of any drug is dangerous and can lead to fatal outcome, and the disease can be mistaken for another.

"Diphenhydramine" is one of the most famous antihistamines. This drug was created many decades ago, but even today it is used for allergic reactions or fever. Not everyone knows whether it can be used in childhood or how such a medication affects the child’s body.

Release form

Diphenhydramine is produced in two forms:

1. Ampoules with a one percent colorless transparent solution that can be injected into muscle tissue or into a vein. One ampoule contains 1 ml of medicine, and one box contains 10 ampoules.
2. Pills round shape white, placed 10 pieces in a blister or paper package. They are sold in 10-50 pieces per pack.

Compound

The action of Diphenhydramine is provided by an ingredient called diphenhydramine. In 1 ml of solution it is presented in an amount of 10 mg, and in one tablet - a dosage of 50 mg.

Additionally, the injection solution contains only sterile water, and excipients The tablets contain stearic acid, silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, corn starch and methylcellulose.

Operating principle

Diphenhydramine has the ability to influence receptors for such a mediator of an allergic reaction as histamine. By blocking these receptors, the drug quickly relieves swelling, spasm of smooth muscles, and also helps eliminate itching and other allergy symptoms.

In addition, the medication has a hypnotic and sedative effect, since it also affects histamine receptors in the brain, and is also capable of inhibiting cholinergic structures of the brain (this effect is typical for first-generation antihistamines). The medicine has some local analgesic and antiemetic effects.

Tablets taken orally begin to act in approximately 20-40 minutes, and healing effect lasts up to 4-10 hours. When injected, the effect of the drug is observed after just a few minutes, and it lasts up to 12 hours. After metabolic changes in the liver active substance Diphenhydramine is completely excreted by the kidneys within 24 hours after administration.

Indications

The drug is in demand:

• For anaphylactic reactions.
• For Quincke's edema.
• For urticaria.
• For allergic rhinitis.
• For serum sickness.
• At allergic form conjunctivitis.
• For itchy dermatoses.
• For chickenpox, to reduce itching of the blisters.
• For air (or sea) sickness.
• For insomnia.
• For other allergic conditions.

Diphenhydramine is also often used for emergency assistance children with elevated temperature bodies. In such a situation, it is combined with Analgin, and sometimes a third drug from the group of antispasmodics is added ( "No-shpu", "Papaverine" or "Drotaverine"). This combination of medications eliminates vascular spasm and quickly normalizes body temperature, which is especially important if hyperthermia is life-threatening for the patient (for example, with a high risk of seizures).

In addition, it is produced combination drug, including “Diphenhydramine” and “Analgin”, in the form of suppositories. This remedy is called "Analdim". It is used for children from 1 year - with high temperature body or severe pain.

For a runny nose or sinusitis with a prolonged course, ENT doctors can prescribe complex drops with Diphenhydramine, which also contain antiseptics, vasoconstrictors, antibiotics and other medications. To make such drops, an injection form of the medicine is used, and the doctor selects the recipe and dosage individually.

For laryngitis and false croup, the doctor may prescribe inhalations with Diphenhydramine, for which a nebulizer is used. This administration of the drug allows it to get directly to the site of smooth muscle spasm and edema, resulting in such muscle fibers relax and swelling decreases.

At what age is it allowed to take it?

Diphenhydramine injections are used for children over a year old, but in some cases the doctor may prescribe such a medicine and infant up to a year (from 7 months). The tablet form can also be used in at different ages, but often this “Diphenhydramine” is prescribed to children over 7 years old who can easily swallow the drug.

Contraindications

The medicine is not prescribed:

• If you are intolerant to diphenhydramine and other ingredients of the drug.
• For angle-closure glaucoma.
• At ulcerative lesion stomach.
• For epilepsy.
• For cervical stenosis Bladder.

The use of the drug for children with bronchial asthma requires increased attention from medical staff.

Side effects

When treated with Diphenhydramine, the following occur:

• Weakness, deterioration of psychomotor reactions and coordination, drowsiness, hand tremors, etc. negative reaction CNS. Often appears in childhood nervous excitement and sleep is disturbed.
• Dryness of the nasal or oral mucosa.
• Hematopoietic disorder, resulting in the development hemolytic anemia and the level of other blood cells decreases.
• Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate or the appearance of extrasystoles.
• An allergic reaction, such as itchy skin or hives.
• Urinary dysfunction.

Instructions for use and dosage

At home it is permissible to do only intramuscular injections, and the administration of the drug into a vein must be supervised by doctors, so it is carried out only in a hospital setting.

The single dosage of injections depends on age:

• Baby 7-12 months, the drug can be administered as prescribed by a doctor ( in a dose of 0.3-0.5 ml).
• To kid 1-3 years during one injection is administered 0.5-1 ml solution.
• For babies 4-6 years the volume of the drug for 1 injection is 1-1.5 ml.
• For an older child 7 years and up 14 year old age, a single dose will be 1.5-3 ml medicines.
• IN 14 years and older for one injection take from 1 before 5 ml solution.

The injection is repeated after 6-8 hours if necessary.

Diphenhydramine in ampoules or tablets is an anti-allergy drug. Has a sedative effect. Actively used for treatment various diseases allergic form.

Besides drug can be prescribed for toxicosis during gestation. And also as a sedative or sleeping pill.

Let's talk in more detail about Diphenhydramine, about its pharmacological effects and why else it is used in medicine.

Diphenhydramine is available in tablet form, in ampoules with injection solution, and in the form of a gel for external use.

The active ingredient is diphenhydramine. Easily dissolves in water. Excellent in ethyl.

Pharmacodynamics

Medicine in tablets and ampoules - Diphenhydramine, used as an antiallergic, antiemetic. It has a sedative, anesthetic, and hypnotic effect.

Creates a blockade for histamine nerve endings, removes the effects of histamine mediated through this type nerve endings.

Reduces muscle spasms provoked by a biological element, improves vascular permeability, swelling, itching and redness.

Contradiction with histamine is observed in local vascular reactions with inflammatory process and allergies compared to systemic ones (decreased blood pressure). It provokes local anesthesia, relieves spasms, and blocks cholinergic receptors in the autonomic ganglia.

Creates a blockade of H3 - the nerve endings of the brain, depresses the central nervous system. Gives strong effect with bronchospasm provoked by histamine liberators, less - with bronchospasm of allergenic pathogenesis of origin. For bronchial asthma, it practically does not give the required result; it is used in tandem with other medications.

Pharmacokinetics

When used internally, it is perfectly absorbed. Binds to plasma proteins by 98-99%. Largest accumulation the active substance occurs within 1-4 hours after use. Metabolism occurs in the liver. Half-out time is 1-4 hours.

Well distributed throughout the body. Able to pass through the blood-brain and placental membrane. Penetrates mother's milk. During lactation it can have a sedative effect on the child.

As a rule, it leaves the body in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in a small volume - unchanged. It begins to help within 1 hour after use. According to reviews, the duration of exposure is 4-6 hours.

When is the drug prescribed?

What are Diphenhydramine tablets prescribed for:

1. Allergic diseases;
2. Allergic dermatoses;
3. Ulcerative inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract;
4. Vomiting during pregnancy;
5. Long-term lack of sleep;

The drug also has the following readings for use:

• Meniere's disease;
• Motion sickness;
• Radiation syndrome;
• Parkinson's disease;
• Widespread soft tissue injury skin(burns, frostbite, etc.).

The use of Diphenhydramine is carefully prescribed to patients with hyperthyroidism and a high VD. At pathological conditions of cardio-vascular system and in relation to elderly people.

Contraindications for use

Injections and tablets are not recommended for use in children (newborns and premature babies) during lactation. In case of individual intolerance to the substance used. And also with angle-closure glaucoma, painful enlargement of the prostate, stenotic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract, pyloroduodenal obstruction, obstruction urethra, bronchial asthma.

During pregnancy, use is permitted only with the permission of a gynecologist. And only if the drug cannot be replaced with analogue products.

Instructions for use

Solution for injection intramuscularly. A single dose for children over 12 years of age and adults is 10-50 mg at a time. But not more than 150 mg per day. For patients under one year of age - 2-5 mg. For patients from 2 to 5 years - 5-15 mg. From 6 to 12 years - 15-30 mg.

For pathologies of the liver and kidney organs, for elderly people, dosage adjustment is not required. The duration of therapeutic measures is determined strictly by the treating specialist.

Diphenhydramine tablets are intended for oral use. For adults and children over 12 years of age, a dosage of 30-50 mg 1-3 times a day is prescribed. As a medicine for motion sickness, take 30-50 mg once half an hour to an hour before the intended trip. In case of lack of sleep - 30-50 mg before going to bed.

Single dosage should not exceed 100 mg. Daily dosage should not exceed 250 mg.

For children from 6 to 12 years of age, a single dose should not exceed 30 mg.

Diphenhydramine gel, according to the description, is a colorless ointment. It is intended for outdoor use. Apply a thin layer to the damaged area of ​​the skin several times a day.

According to the instructions for use, the drug should not be used with alcohol, or during UV exposure. Medicine affects attentiveness. During therapeutic measures, it is recommended to refrain from driving and performing hazardous work.

Side effects

Central nervous system: general malaise, increased fatigue, decreased concentration of alertness, dizziness, drowsiness, migraine, changes in coordination, high excitability, anxiety, irritability. As well as nervousness, a feeling of euphoria, confusion of thoughts, hand tremors, neuritis, seizures, sensitivity disorders.

In addition, there may be a violation visual organs, double vision, labyrinthitis acute form, ringing in the ears.

Heart and blood vessels: decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, tachycardia. As well as extrasystole, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, a reduction in the duration of existence of red blood cells in the blood fluid.

Gastrointestinal tract: drying out in oral cavity, not long-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, feeling of nausea. As well as pigastric distress, vomiting, problems with stool.

Genitourinary system: problems with urination, menstrual irregularities.

Respiratory organs: dryness of the larynx and nasal passage. Thickening of mucus in the bronchi. Tightness in the sternum, difficulty breathing.

Local reactions: rashes, anaphylactic shock.

Other: increased sweating, chills, photosensitivity.

Overdose of Diphenhydramine

Symptoms of a drug overdose are as follows:

1. Central nervous system depression;
2. Increased excitability (especially in pediatric patients) or depression;
3. Pupil dilation;
4. Dryness in the mouth;
5. Organ paresis gastrointestinal tract.

If any signs of overdose are detected, you must immediately contact a medical facility for help. Otherwise, undesirable consequences may occur.

IN medical institution, a highly qualified specialist will detoxify the gastrointestinal tract.

If necessary, various medications, which increase intravenous pressure. As well as oxygen, injections of solutions that replace plasma fluid. The use of epinephrine and analeptics is prohibited.

If the prescribed dosage is not followed and when used together with alcohol, the drug can cause auditory and visual hallucinations. Frequent and prolonged use of the drug causes addiction and severe dependence.

An overdose of medication can lead to fatal outcome. The dose that can kill a person is 4 tablets at a time.

The antiallergic drug Diphenhydramine is a histamine receptor blocker, active substance which is diphenhydramine. The substance has sedative and hypnotic effects, has wide range applications. The medicine is produced by Russian and Ukrainian pharmaceutical companies. Read its instructions for use.

Composition and release form

Dimedrol (Latin – Dimedroli) is presented in several formats. Tablets and solution are produced under the name Diphenhydramine; under other names (with diphenhydramine) they are produced rectal suppositories and eye or intranasal drops. Differences in composition:

		Pills	Candles Analdim	Drops Polinadim
Description	Clear liquid	White round tablets	White wax suppositories	Clear liquid
Diphenhydramine concentration, mg			10 or 20 per piece
Auxiliary components	Water, potassium hydrochloride	Calcium stearate, lactose, potato starch, talc	Metamizole sodium, fat	Naphazoline, boric acid, water, methylcellulose, disodium edetate, sodium tetraborate
Package	Ampoules of 1 ml, 10 ampoules in a pack with instructions	Packs of 10 pcs., packs of 2, 3 or 5 packs	Packs of 5 pcs., packs of 2 packs	5 ml bottles with dropper cap

Pharmacological properties

The medication exhibits antiallergic activity, has antispasmodic, local anesthetic and moderate ganglion-blocking effects on cholinergic receptors. Oral use is accompanied by sedative, hypnotic, and moderate antiemetic properties. At local use Diphenhydramine has an antiallergic effect. The substance can be detected:

• in the brain;
• lungs;
• liver;
• spleen;
• muscles;
• kidneys.

The drug blocks histamine receptors in the brain, which leads to the relief of smooth muscle spasms. Antagonism with histamine is more pronounced in relation to inflammation and allergies than to a systemic decrease in pressure. With parenteral administration of Diphenhydramine in patients with a reduced circulating blood volume, hypotension may develop. In case of brain damage or epilepsy, diphenhydramine activates its discharge and can lead to a seizure.

Once inside, diphenhydramine is rapidly absorbed, begins to act within minutes, has 50% bioavailability, and reaches maximum concentration after half an hour. Diphenhydramine binds to albumin by 98.5% and penetrates into the brain and breast milk. Its metabolism occurs in the liver, lungs and kidneys. The half-life is 4–10 hours. The component is excreted by the kidneys.

Indications for use

Instructions for use of the drug highlight indications depending on the form. The most popular are:

• allergic, anaphylactoid reactions ( hay fever, urticaria, conjunctivitis, angioedema, Quincke's edema);
• vasomotor rhinitis, rhinosinusitis;
• hemorrhagic vasculitis;
• Meniere's syndrome;
• serum sickness;
• itchy dermatitis, dermatosis;
• vomiting of pregnant women;
• sleep disorders;
• chorea;
• dental, headache, hepatic colic;
• sea, air sickness;
• premedication.

Directions for use and dosage

Instructions for use of Diphenhydramine contains everything important information for the patient about the method of taking the drug, dosage and course of treatment for a particular disease. Tablets are taken orally, the solution is administered intramuscularly or intravenously, suppositories are used rectally, and drops are used subconjunctivally or intranasally, depending on the severity of the allergy.

Diphenhydramine in ampoules

The drug solution is administered intravenously or intramuscularly in a dosage of 1–5 ml of 1% concentration 1–3 times a day for patients over 14 years of age. The maximum daily dosage for adults is 200 mg of diphenhydramine. Prescriptions for children:

• 7–12 months, according to instructions, 0.3–0.5 ml of solution;
• 1-3 years – 0.5–1 ml;
• 4–6 years – 1–1.5 ml;
• 7–14 years – 1.5–3 ml every 6–8 hours.

Diphenhydramine tablets

According to the instructions, the tablets are taken orally with water. For adults, 30–50 mg is recommended 1–3 times a day for a course of 10–15 days. Directions:

1. If the drug is taken as a sleeping pill, it is prescribed 50 mg to take before bed.
2. Single doses for children under one year old are 2–5 mg, 2–5 years old – 5-15 mg, 6-12 years old – 15-30 mg.
3. For idiopathic, postencephalic parkinsonism, 25 mg is prescribed three times a day with gradual increase doses up to 50 mg four times a day.
4. For motion sickness, you can take 25–50 mg every 6 hours.

Rectal suppositories

Before performing a procedure using rectal suppositories you should have a bowel movement with diphenhydramine naturally or with a cleansing enema. Candles are removed from packaging and inserted into anus, for the sphincter. The instructions involve administering suppositories twice a day:

• for inflammatory and infectious diseases;
• neuralgia;
• muscle pain.

Drops with diphenhydramine

Combined remedy in the form of drops with Diphenhydramine is used in ophthalmology and allergology. As eye drops It is recommended to use 2 ml of solution in each conjunctival sac. Intranasal drops are administered 0.5 ml into each nostril. For convenience, you can use a pipette or spray bottle. According to the instructions, you can put on lenses 15 minutes after instilling the drops into your eyes.

special instructions

During therapy with Diphenhydramine, you should refrain from driving vehicles and driving dangerous mechanisms that require concentration. According to the instructions, throughout the entire treatment with the drug you need to prevent long stay in the sun and under the influence ultraviolet radiation. The drug has an antiemetic effect, which may complicate diagnosis acute appendicitis, intoxication and overdose. The solution from the ampoules can be taken orally.

Diphenhydramine during pregnancy

The medication is prescribed with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding, because the active component of the drug penetrates the placenta and is found in breast milk. According to the instructions, if the substance gets into children's body, this may result in serious adverse reactions. Only a doctor can prescribe the drug in such conditions.

Diphenhydramine for children

The use of the drug in children under seven months of age is contraindicated, according to the instructions. After this, you can use the medication in the dosages indicated above, which are less compared to adult doses. T It is better to give tablets to children in a diluted state, mixing them with water to form an emulsion. Before use, consult a doctor.

Drug interactions

Diphenhydramine improves the effectiveness of medications that depress nervous system. Other drug interactions:

1. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine injections.
2. Psychostimulants with simultaneous administration the drug has an antagonistic effect.
3. The medication reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine (an emetic for the treatment of poisoning) and increases the anticholinergic effects of drugs with m-anticholinergic action.

Diphenhydramine and alcohol

Combination of medication in large doses with alcoholic drinks can lead to hallucinations and addiction, like drugs. It is prohibited to take the drug with alcohol. This leads to an increase in the effect of ethanol, an increase in hypnotic effect, severe lesions body. The combination of vodka and Diphenhydramine is deadly, even small dose ethanol can be the last for humans.

Side effects of Diphenhydramine

While taking Diphenhydramine, symptoms may occur side effects. The instructions highlight the following:

• insomnia, drowsiness, agitation, weakness, euphoria, decreased reaction speed, irritability, loss of coordination and accommodation, tremor, dizziness;
• dry mucous membranes, increased viscosity of sputum;
• agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia;
• extrasystole, decreased pressure, tachycardia;
• urinary disturbance;
• asthenia, bronchospasm;
• itching, allergies, rash, photosensitivity, urticaria, hyperemia, the appearance of capillaries on the skin.

Overdose

Symptoms of an overdose of Diphenhydramine are depression, depression or agitation of the nervous system, gastrointestinal disorders, dilated pupils, and dry mouth. There is no special antidote; according to the instructions, gastric lavage and administration of plasma-substituting fluids are indicated. Prohibited use:

1. analeptics;
2. tubocurarine;
3. epinephrine;
4. adrenalin.

Contraindications

The medication is used with caution for bronchial asthma, pregnancy, and lactation. Diphenhydramine should not be used local anesthetic(increases the risk of necrosis). Other contraindications:

• angle-closure glaucoma;
• increased sensitivity to the components of the composition;
• prostatic hyperplasia;
• epilepsy;
• heart attack;
• paralysis, accommodation paresis;
• stenosing gastric ulcer, duodenum;
• bronchial asthma;
• age up to 7 months;
• bladder neck stenosis.

Terms of sale and storage

Diphenhydramine solution is sold by prescription and can be stored at temperatures up to 30 degrees for five years. The shelf life of tablets is 4 years, drops and suppositories are 2.

Analogs

Finding a replacement drug is difficult because diphenhydramine is potent substance. Analogues of the product with the same effect are:

Self-medication can be harmful to your health.
You should consult your doctor and read the instructions before use.

Diphenhydramine tablets: instructions for use

Compound

1 tablet contains 50 mg of diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine).

pharmachologic effect

It has antihistamine, antiallergic, antiemetic, hypnotic, and local anesthetic effects. Blocks histamine H1 receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced smooth muscle spasms, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergies compared to systemic ones, i.e. decrease in blood pressure. Causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, a short-term sensation of numbness of the oral mucosa occurs), has an antispasmodic effect, blocks cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). Blocks H 3 - histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective for bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin), and to a lesser extent for allergic bronchospasm. For bronchial asthma it is inactive and is used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchodilators.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, it is quickly and well absorbed. Binds to plasma proteins by 98-99%. Maximum concentration(Cmax) in plasma is achieved 1-4 hours after oral administration. Most of Diphenhydramine taken is metabolized in the liver. The half-life (T 1/2) is 1-4 hours. It is widely distributed in the body, passes through the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Excreted in milk and may cause sedation in children infancy. Within a day, it is completely eliminated from the body, mainly in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in small quantities - unchanged. Maximum effect develops 1 hour after oral administration, duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.

Indications for use

Urticaria, hay fever, vasomotor rhinitis, pruritic dermatoses, acute iridocyclitis, allergic conjunctivitis, angioedema, capillary toxicosis, serum sickness, allergic complications with drug therapy, blood transfusion and blood-substituting fluids; complex therapy anaphylactic shock, radiation sickness, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer stomach and hyperacid gastritis; colds, sleep disorders, premedication, extensive injuries to the skin and soft tissues (burns, crush injuries); parkinsonism, chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting, Meniere's syndrome; carrying out local anesthesia in patients with allergic reactions history of local anesthetic drugs.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, childhood(newborn period and prematurity), angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcers, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.

Directions for use and doses

The drug is taken orally. Adults are prescribed 30-50 mg 1-3 times a day, the course of treatment is 10-15 days. To prevent motion sickness when moving, you should take a single dose of 30-50 mg 30-60 minutes before the trip; for insomnia - 30-50 mg before bedtime. The maximum single dose is 100 mg, daily dose is 250 mg. Children aged 6-12 years are prescribed 15-30 mg per dose.

Side effect

From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedative effect, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, increased excitability(especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion, tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; visual impairment, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. In patients with local brain damage or epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) convulsive discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic attack.

From the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystole, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.

From the gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.

From the outside genitourinary system: frequent and/or difficulty urinating, urinary retention, early menstruation.

From the outside respiratory system: dry nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in chest and difficulty breathing.

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.

Other: sweating, chills, photosensitivity.

Overdose

Symptoms: dry mouth, difficulty breathing, persistent mydriasis, facial flushing, depression or agitation (more often in children) central nervous system, confusion; in children - the development of seizures and death.

Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, administration activated carbon; symptomatic and supportive therapy against the background of careful monitoring of breathing and blood pressure levels.