Spots on the face. Fungal lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Viral diseases of the skin and mucous membranes

As soon as the human body is struck by the terrible immunodeficiency virus, completely irreversible consequences begin, which are almost impossible to cope with. Taking into account the fact that some HIV may be in the body for years, not manifest itself at all, and only then the condition worsens sharply, you should be attentive to your health, well-being and skin condition as well.

Why and where do acne appear with HIV?

Pimples with HIV on the body in the first stages may not cause any suspicion in a person at all, especially if he does not yet know that he is already a carrier of the virus. Since the defense mechanisms are systematically destroyed and the level of resistance to external infections and bacteria gradually decreases, you can notice how rashes gradually appear on the body even in those places where they did not exist at all before.

Acne on the face with HIV at first may seem like a common acne, but traditional home remedies for prevention and treatment in this case will not work. Gradually, single rashes on the face begin to become inflamed, more and more often one can observe the formation of abscesses, which in the future will begin to unite. Such pronounced pimples Pink colour already with painful sensations are called acne, and if a person who is not infected with AIDS has a chance to get rid of the problem, then someone who is infected has practically none.

Acne on the head with HIV is also no exception. As a rule, rashes gradually appear throughout the body. If at first abscesses and inflamed areas were only on the face, then after a while such foci are already present on the head. In cases where a specialized examination has not been carried out before, then with such symptoms it is simply necessary to run to a specialist and take all the tests. Acne with HIV, photos of which are widely available on the Internet, clearly show what will happen if specialized medical treatment is not urgently started.

Pimples on the neck with HIV are also hallmark diseases. Ordinary compresses, ointments and scrubs will not give absolutely no result. In place of one abscess, two will appear, and if they are not applied potent drugs, even little pimple can become a large ulcer. What acne occurs with HIV, you can find out on your own, or even better, seek help from a highly qualified specialist. Timely therapy will help alleviate such a disease and will stop new purulent formations throughout the body.

Acne on the body with HIV is a characteristic and very striking symptom of the disease, which signals a weakening of the immune system. Timely therapy and a complete examination will help alleviate the situation and support the body, so you should not postpone a visit to the doctor with such symptoms.

For what reasons can a rash itch when HIV infection. How to get rid of severe itching with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Itching is a sensation that makes you want to scratch. It appears on the surface layers of the skin in the form of a slight burning sensation, tingling. Chronic scabies causes many problems: it interferes with sleep, work, and sometimes causes depression. Itching can be acute, chronic, local. Often, skin rashes are accompanied by itching, which is a symptom in such cases. various ailments. Let's try to find out if the rash itches with HIV.

Skin pathologies

• viruses;
• vascular pathologies;
• mycotic lesions;
• papular rash.

Dermatitis is not always a separate pathology that is treated by conventional methods. They often accompany HIV infection. In this case, the HIV rash and various spots are very resistant to drugs and are very difficult, constantly developing and progressing. Sometimes skin diseases are located in unusual places for them, accompanied by lymphadenopathy.

rashes

When any diseases of organs or systems appear, damage to the mucous membranes or skin areas can be observed almost immediately. And in the presence of the immunodeficiency virus, various skin pathologies are sometimes formed, accompanied by itching. All of them are difficult to treat, because the underlying disease suppresses immune system organism. You can select the following types:

• neoplastic;
• infectious;
• dermatosis, including not fully understood.

According to statistics, in a quarter of cases, HIV patients experience the following symptoms: fever, sore throat, pain in the bones and muscles, diarrhea, vomiting. There is also a rash that itches. It is usually found on the body. Sometimes the face, neck and back become covered with spots and pimples. These manifestations can pass both within three days, and last for several weeks.

When the patient's pathology worsens, hemorrhagic spots sometimes appear on his body, having a diameter of up to three millimeters, similar to allergic reaction. They are accompanied by damage to the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. There are also frequent cases of viral and infectious lesions, for example, herpes.

An exacerbation of HIV sometimes lasts 3-5 days, in other cases it lasts up to several months. Further, many symptoms disappear by themselves, the rash disappears, and the underlying disease becomes latent and does not bother the person. It is impossible to predict the duration of this form.

Of course, when it lasts latency period, the patient may develop any viral or fungal skin infection. HIV will continue to complicate the treatment of additional pathologies and complicate the rehabilitation process after a person has had the disease.

Much less often, about 10% of those infected with HIV develop seborrheic eczema. Its manifestation is characteristic during the period when the underlying disease passes into a latent phase. But seborrhea can appear with developing AIDS. Rashes will be observed where they accumulate sebaceous glands: head, face, chest.

Other skin lesions

Common skin pathology- herpes. In HIV patients, it is usually localized around the mouth and genitals, causing itching of the testicles in men and the vagina in women. Exacerbations are frequent, when difficult-to-heal ulcers appear. HIV is associated with a disruption in the functioning of systems and organs, for this reason, in case of any malfunctions in the body, itchy rashes immediately form on the mucous membranes, as well as on the skin of the patient.

There are frequent cases of the appearance of pyoderma, accompanied by the appearance of follicles, resembling acne or blackheads in their appearance. Another characteristic disease for those suffering from HIV is Kaposi's sarcoma. This is an unpleasant dermatitis that takes a very long time to heal. Therapy may take several years. Rash with this dermatitis bright color. Kaposi's sarcoma is dangerous due to its rapid progression. It affects the lymph and internal organs.

Exanthems and enanthems

Almost any rash that is associated with a virus or infection is called an exanthema. And enanthems are rashes that affect the mucous membranes of a person. They arise for various reasons.

Enanthems are sometimes the first sign that a person has contracted HIV. But it happens that these pathologies are formed independently. But rashes on the background of HIV have features that are not inherent in dermatological pathologies. All skin pathologies are very difficult to treat. Patients are observed frequent exacerbations and medicines quickly lose their effectiveness.

The acute period of rashes in HIV occurs approximately 5 weeks after infection. At acute exanthema they are localized on the face, neck, chest. Special attention it is recommended to give the symptoms of the rash, such as:

• diarrhea;
• fever;
• fever and sweating;
• lymphadenopathy.

As soon as a rash appears on the skin, you need to urgently visit a doctor and undergo an examination in order to find out the causes, as well as the nature of the rash.

They are often similar to the symptoms of measles, vasculitis, lichen, syphilis. Outwardly, it may resemble the manifestations of the flu. But this disease passes quickly, and in the case of the immunodeficiency virus, the patient's condition worsens.

The rashes continue to spread, herpes and papules appear. In addition, against the background of a decrease in immunity, the rash increases over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe body.

Viruses

In people with the immunodeficiency virus, the following viral pathologies are observed:

• Common herpes. Appears in the groin ( characteristic symptom- testicles itch with HIV) and on the face. Distinctive characteristics: frequent relapses, the appearance of ulcers, erosions, pain. If herpes is exacerbated often, this leads to the fact that non-healing wounds appear in the mouth area. Ulcers may form in the groin and anus. Such manifestations are characteristic of homosexuals.
• Herpes zoster. Often this pathology is the only companion of HIV. Sometimes the pathology proceeds in a disseminated form. If relapses are observed, this means that the disease has passed into the last stage.
• Molluscum contagiosum. This is a different type of rash on the skin. Often occurs in adults, in children, adolescents is extremely rare. Rashes form on the face, quickly “capture” new areas and itch a lot.
• Cytomegalovirus. The disease affects organs and tissues. If the skin suffers, this means that the pathology is very unfavorable.

Mycotic lesions

Pathologies of this type are usually represented by candidiasis and rubrophytosis. Sometimes there are diseases such as inguinal epidermophytosis, pink lichen. All these pathologies progress very quickly, spread throughout the body and staunchly "oppose" therapy.

Rubrophytosis with its clinical picture resembles seborrhea, keratoderma, affecting the palms and feet. Sometimes it is expressed in the form of an itchy rash with elements of papules. Microscopic diagnosis often reveals a lot of mycelium.

Candidiasis affects the oral and groin areas. Features of the pathology:

• usually develops in men;
• mouth is affected inguinal region, as well as the area of ​​​​the anus;
• develops rapidly, occupies vast areas, often erosions and ulcers form against the background of candidiasis.

Multicolored lichen is expressed by a rash with a diameter of up to five centimeters. Sometimes it is represented by spots, which later transform into papules and plaques.

HIV therapy

This pathology is a very complex problem and it is treated exclusively in special medical institutions. For therapy in individually combinations of antiretroviral agents are selected taking into account the presence of other diseases and the patient's condition.

Treatment is carried out simultaneously with several drugs, such as Viracept, Timazid, Videx in various combinations because HIV is very stable. Today's drugs for this pathology contain inhibitors of certain HIV enzymes. They stop the spread of the virus.

Therapy of skin rashes in HIV requires constant medical supervision. The dosage of drugs should be increased, and the treatment course should be prolonged, if necessary, it should be repeated. After clinical recovery, etiotropic drugs are usually prescribed for prophylaxis. Patients with HIV need constant monitoring and psychological support.

Skin lesions in patients with HIV infection occur in 80-85% of cases. In the dynamics of HIV infection, skin lesions are recurrent in nature, with periods of exacerbations and remissions, and in advanced forms of the disease, they acquire severe variants that are not characteristic of their clinic. According to most researchers, early stages diseases per patient account for approximately 2.5 dermatological syndromes, and in later cases, this figure rises to 3.7. Dermatitis, eczema, staphylloderma are often observed. Infectious lesions skin associated with herpetic infection and candidiasis.

Of the mycotic diseases in HIV infection, common rubrophytosis, inguinal epidermyphytosis and versicolor versicolor. They are characterized by rapid generalization with the formation of extensive foci throughout the skin, including the scalp, face, hands, feet, persistent flow and resistance to ongoing treatment. Rubrophytia can produce unusual clinical variants by type erythema multiforme, seborrheic dermatitis, palmoplantar keratoderma. It can be represented by numerous flat papules. The formation of onychia and paronychia is regular.

Seborrheic dermatitis, which has a prevalence of only 3% in the general population, occurs in 50% of HIV-infected people. It is one of the most common non-infectious complications of HIV infection and increases in risk and severity as CD4 counts decrease. In HIV-infected seborrheic dermatitis may be complicated by yeast infection.

With multi-colored lichen, isolated spots can reach 20-30 mm. Sometimes in the area of ​​spots of multi-colored lichen, a mild infiltration develops.

Viral diseases skin with HIV infection frequent occurrence. Herpes simplex usually affects the oral cavity, genitals and perianal region and is characterized by an abundance of elements up to dissemination, frequent relapses, a tendency to erosion and ulceration, which is accompanied by pain. Unusual locations possible herpes simplex(axillary cavities, hands, shins).

With herpes zoster (develops in 10-20% of HIV-infected people), vesicular rashes are located asymmetrically along the branches of the affected nerve against the background of edema and hyperemia of the skin. The contents of the vesicles are serous, serous-purulent or hemorrhagic. Merging of pustular elements and the formation of large blisters with purulent contents are possible. Rashes are often located along the trigeminal nerve.

Skin itching and rash can also be non-specific, and serve as a manifestation hypersensitivity to medicinal preparations. In children and individuals young age a skin infection caused by molluscum contagiosum is detected and manifests itself in the form of raised papules on the face, scalp, torso. With HIV infection, impetigo may occur, localized mainly in the paranasal, paraoral regions and tending to disseminate with a transition to the axillary, inguinal and gluteal regions.

Vulgar warts with HIV infection tend to increase and spread over the skin. They densely cover in the first place the hands, feet and face. The same can be noted in relation to genital warts, localized mainly on the genitals and perianal region. An increase in their number and size gives the patient not only discomfort, but also various complications.

Pyococcal skin lesions in HIV infection are numerous and varied. Folliculitis is more common, sometimes acquiring clinical similarity with acne vulgaris. Their appearance may be preceded by diffuse erythema. In the future, they spread along the body, capture the shoulders, hips, perineum and other areas of the skin. Attachment of itching often leads to excoriations and eczematization.

With HIV infection molluscum contagiosum localized mainly in the anogenital region and around the mouth, characterized by multiple rashes, recurrent course.

Changes skin associated with vascular disorders, often look like telangiectasias, erythematous and hemorrhagic spots. They are usually combined with other skin manifestations. The most characteristic are numerous telangiectasias densely located on the chest, sometimes forming a crescent-shaped focus from one shoulder to the other. Focuses of telangiectasias of various sizes, outlines and density are determined on auricles, palms, fingers, shins and other areas of the skin. Telangiectasias are often accompanied by erythematous spots.

If HIV infection develops in patients with psoriasis, then this dermatosis occurs with disseminated pustular rashes.

Skin pathology is due to both emerging immunodeficiency and the direct effect of HIV.

Below are the most frequent skin manifestations associated with HIV infection (Fisher B., Warner L., 1987):

1. Neoplastic:

Kaposi's sarcoma;

Lymphoma (usually B-cell);

Squamous cell carcinoma;

Basalioma;

Melanoma.

2. Viral infections:

Herpes simplex;

Herpes zoster;

Chicken pox;

Molluscum contagiosum;

- "hairy" leukoplakia;

Vulgar warts;

Genital warts;

Epstein-Barr virus exanthema.

3. Bacterial infections:

Abscesses;

folliculitis;

Impetigo;

Ecthyma;

cellulite;

Ulcers (pseudomonas and polymicrobial);

mycobacterial infection;

actinomycosis;

atypical syphilis;

Burnt skin syndrome.

4. Mycotic infections:

Candidiasis;

Dermatomycosis;

Pityriasis versicolor;

Cryptococcosis;

Histoplasmosis;

Sporotrichosis;

Scopulariopsidosis.

5. Mixed infections:

Viral, bacterial, fungal.

6. Protozoal infections:

Amoebiasis of the skin.

Scabies;

Norwegian scabies.

8. Vascular lesions:

Vasculitis;

Telangiectasias;

hemorrhages;

thrombocytopenic purpura;

Hyperalgesic pseudothrombophlebitic syndrome;

Marble skin.

9. Papulosquamous dermatoses:

Seborrheic dermatitis;

Psoriasis;

Pink deprive.

10. Damage to the oral mucosa:

Angular stomatitis;

Aphthosis;

Gingivitis (simple and necrotizing).

11. Hair and Nail Changes:

thinning hair;

Hypertrichosis;

Alopecia areata;

Deformation of nails;

Changing the color of nails.

12. Exacerbation of existing diseases:

Infectious (syphilis);

Inflammatory dermatoses (psoriasis).

13. Other dermatoses:

Exanthema and erythroderma;

Xerosis and ichthyosis;

Atopic dermatitis;

Trophic disorders;

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis;

Papular and lichenoid rashes;

granuloma annulare;

Medication toxidermia;

Itching;

Pyoderma gangrenosum;

Localized acantholytic dyskeratosis;

bullous penfigoid;

Erythema elevatum et diutinum;

Hives;

Premature aging of the skin.

Development skin lesions the first two groups are due to severe immunosuppression, the pathogenesis of the third is possibly associated with the direct effect of HIV on the skin. It has been established, in particular, that in the skin, HIV infects not only T-lymphocytes-helpers, but also Langerhans cells that play important role in dermal immune reactions and, possibly, being the site of the primary introduction and accumulation of HIV in the skin.

Cosmetic defects that occur during HIV infection or its treatment often do not pose any health hazard, but cause additional suffering to patients. Examples include yellowing of the nails and straightening of the hair, lengthening of the eyelashes and blueness of the nails with zidovudine treatment, and yellow-orange skin coloration with clofazimine treatment.

Damage to the skin and mucous membranes in people infected with HIV is characterized by the fact that the usual neoplastic and infectious (mostly viral and fungal) diseases acquire a number of features: they occur in unusual age groups, have a severe course, manifest themselves atypically, poorly amenable to therapy. The nature of these changes in the skin and mucous membranes depends on the stage of HIV infection, its clinical forms, biological properties pathogens of secondary infections, the severity of immunosuppression. The following diseases have the greatest diagnostic value in HIV infection: Kaposi's sarcoma, candidiasis (persistent candidiasis of the oral mucosa and perianal region), simple and herpes zoster, seborrheic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum, "hairy" leukoplakia of the oral cavity, vulgar warts. Severe course of all the above dermatoses, their generalization in the presence of common symptoms(fever, weakness, diarrhea, weight loss, etc.) are poor prognostic signs and indicate the development of clinically advanced AIDS.

Kaposi's sarcoma. especially heavy clinical form HIV infections are malignant neoplasms, the frequency of which is approximately 40%, which significantly exceeds their frequency in other primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common malignant neoplasm.

With HIV infection, Kaposi's sarcoma is a slightly different clinical form compared to that described in 1897 by the Hungarian veterinarian M. Kaposi. Three features characterize Kaposi's sarcoma, which is not associated with AIDS - it affects men over 60 years of age; quite frequent cases of its detection among young African Negroes; the development of the disease in individuals with exogenously caused immune suppression. Regarding the origin of Kaposi's sarcoma, the most common is the opinion of a multifactorial cause of its occurrence, including infectious, genetic and environmental factors.

In patients with HIV infection, Kaposi's sarcoma is malignant and differs from its classic version. Home hallmark visceral type Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS is its generalized nature with lesions lymph nodes, mucous membranes and internal organs. The skin and visible mucous membranes are involved secondarily. External manifestations are few at first and are localized mainly in the oral cavity, especially on the hard palate and in the genital area. These are juicy, cherry-colored papules, the surface of which is covered with well-defined petechiae and telangiectasias. These rashes, which are easily accessible not only for visual examination, but also for biopsy, play a decisive role in the creation of a diagnostic program. Over time, the external manifestations of visceral Kaposi's sarcoma, spreading through the skin, can become generalized.

In the dermal type of Kaposi's sarcoma, the skin and mucous membranes are primarily affected. Initial manifestations, in contrast to classical Kaposi's sarcoma, often occur on the upper body, head, neck and other areas of the skin, as well as on visible mucous membranes. In the future, the process acquires an aggressive course with spread over the skin, the formation of massive conglomerates and the involvement of internal organs. At a certain stage, the difference between the visceral and dermal types is erased.

Chemo- and radiation therapy with HIV infection, they are ineffective due to the pronounced malignant nature of the tumor, so it is not advisable to use them in order to avoid even greater suppression of immunity.

Lymphoma is the second most common tumor in patients with HIV infection. It occurs in 3-4% of cases of HIV infection. Approximately 12-16% of people with HIV infection die from lymphoma. Unlike Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma is not associated with any risk group.

The HIV pandemic has raised the problem of tuberculosis to the level of actuality, because among HIV-infected age group At the age of 25-49, tuberculosis increased sharply, and the distribution area of ​​tuberculosis coincided with the incidence of HIV infection. In the United States, where the incidence of tuberculosis until 1985 was declining at a rate of 6% per year, against the background of the HIV epidemic in 1985-1992. the incidence began to grow at a rate of 3% per year. The incidence of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection is 2.5-15% per year, which is 50 times higher than in the general population. Moreover, as a superinfection, tuberculosis develops in the early phases of the disease with relatively high rates of CD4+ cells.

Thus, tuberculosis is returning as a major public health problem in developed countries while maintaining a high prevalence in developing countries.

Peculiarities of infection and disease in children. Children make up a small proportion of people with HIV infection. HIV infection in children can be associated with illness of mothers, transfusion of infected blood in hemophilia, low-quality infections, drug addiction. The transmission of HIV from infected mothers can be observed in 25-30% of offspring. Childbirth in HIV-infected people obviously contributes to a more rapid development of the disease. Pregnancy favors the development of HIV infection, as it is usually accompanied by immunosuppression.

Infection of children occurs mainly in the uterus, birth canal and after childbirth. HIV is able to cross the placenta. Studies show that the fetus can be infected with HIV as early as the 8-12th week of pregnancy. Infection may also be associated with breastfeeding, since the virus is isolated from the milk of infected mothers. According to the agency Associated Press(USA), the risk of infection of a child through mother's milk is 10% with prolonged breastfeeding.

Cases are described when infected mothers gave birth to twins, of which only one was infected.

Factors influencing the risk of vertical transmission of HIV have been identified. First, it is the state of health of the mother. The higher the level of the virus in the mother's blood or vaginal secretions and the lower her immune status the higher the risk of transmitting the virus to the child. The living conditions of the mother also play a role - nutrition, rest, vitamins, etc. It is characteristic that the average risk of having a child with HIV in the industrialized countries of Europe and the USA is approximately half that in the third world countries. Having previous pregnancies increases the risk of infection. Both premature and postterm babies are more likely to be infected. The presence of ulcers and cracks in the vaginal mucosa increases the risk of having a child with HIV.

Children infected from their mothers begin to get sick 4-6 months after infection, and most of them usually die within 2 years. In children, the duration of the latent period is less than in adults (more often it lasts not for years, but for months).

In Russia, HIV infection in children has been registered as a nosocomial disease. The tragedy in Elista, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd largely determined the further tactics of combating blood-borne nosocomial infections in the country, therefore no nosocomial outbreaks have been recorded in Russia since 1991 (V.V. Pokrovsky, 1996).

The clinical course of HIV infection in children has its own characteristics. In children infected in utero, the disease manifests, as a rule, already in the first months of life, and in those infected through blood transfusions, incubation reaches several years (the average incubation period for children with perinatal HIV infection is about 12 months, for children who infected during blood transfusions - 40 months).

TO initial signs HIV infection caused by intrauterine infection can include such characteristic symptoms as growth retardation, microcephaly ("boxer's brain"), flattening of the nose, moderate strabismus, lack of weight gain, chronic diarrhea, bacterial infections. The disease proceeds more favorably in children infected over the age of 1 year. It takes 5-7 years for them to develop AIDS. The clinic of the disease also differs from adults - pneumocystic pneumonia is less common, it is replaced by lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, which often proceeds as benign. These children are also characterized by secondary infectious diseases (candidal stomatitis and esophagitis, skin infections). Frequent signs congenital and acquired HIV infection in children are persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, hematosplenomegaly, fever, diarrhea, psychomotor retardation, thrombocytopenia with hemorrhagic manifestations. CNS involvement is a permanent syndrome in the clinic of HIV infection in children. The first symptoms in the form of asthenoneurotic and cerebroasthenic syndromes are diagnosed at the very beginning of the disease. On late stages HIV infection in children is replacing traditional neurological symptoms specific lesion CNS caused by the HIV virus in the form of encephalopathies and encephalitis. These diseases lead to irreversible consequences and are often the cause of death.

A feature of HIV infection in children is also the presence of progressive lymphopenia. Almost every child suffers from bacterial, viral and fungal infections.

The most important immunological feature of children with HIV infection is the presence in the blood of an exceptionally high content of immunoglobulins and, at the same time, the inability to produce antibodies when injected with antigens that cause normal conditions the formation of antibodies.

There are almost no cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in children.

Thus, if HIV infection occurs during the neonatal period as a result of infection through the placenta or blood transfusion, then the prognosis for these children is extremely unfavorable - they should expect a progressive development of the disease, especially with CNS damage, caused directly by HIV.

AIDS is a rather unique disease, since its development can be accompanied by the appearance of various symptoms. Quite often spots are formed with HIV infection, since a systemic decrease in immunity also contributes to the suppression protective properties skin covers. As a result, various elements and spots on the skin can form. With HIV, this is a fairly common phenomenon.

The difficulty of diagnosing them lies in the fact that not every doctor will be able to associate their development with the progression of the retrovirus (the only symptoms that can come up are frequent relapses of diseases and their more aggressive course). In this regard, any person should know what spots appear on the body with HIV or AIDS. Photos of them can be found in large numbers on the Internet, so you can familiarize yourself with the symptoms of these diseases in advance and diagnose them in a timely manner.

For what diseases is the appearance of spots most characteristic?

fungal diseases

Among this subgroup, rubrophytia, candidomycosis and lichen are most common.

A rather formidable complication of immunodeficiency. It can proceed with the formation of large intensely colored zones over the entire surface of the body (in such patients, in vivo photos with HIV, red spots are found on the body and legs). Their appearance indicates the progression of the retrovirus and the transition of the disease to the stage of immunodeficiency syndrome.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease transmitted through sexual contact or through contaminated blood. Symptoms of the disease may be absent or manifest themselves imperceptibly, but subsequently there is a general depressed state of the immune system and systematic damage to all organs and tissues.

Common skin manifestations of HIV are:

• changes in the structure of blood vessels;
• mycotic diseases;
• seborrheic dermatitis;
• papular rashes;
• viral infections, etc.

Symptoms of the skin manifestations of HIV infection and its final stage (AIDS) make it possible to suspect an infected person. Acne treatment is atypical and does not bring the expected result. A variety of rashes of an indefinite nature, terrible acne, blisters and boils - such skin manifestations cannot be ignored.

Skin rashes

The skin is a kind of mirror of the human body. All sorts of diseases of the internal organs and even a deterioration in the psycho-emotional state lead to the fact that sooner or later specific “signs” appear on the skin, signaling danger.

This system works in the same way with HIV infection, with only one difference - the human immune deficiency virus provokes a wide variety of skin diseases, and no one can guess exactly where the pimple will appear. It sounds sarcastic, but without a share of black humor, talking about such a topic would be very scary. All symptoms skin diseases can be roughly divided into three categories:

• neoplastic;
• infectious;
• dermatosis, the nature of the origin of which has not been thoroughly studied.

It is worth recalling again - all kinds of pimples on the pope, blisters and black dots on the face that appear in an infected person are not amenable to standard treatment and are also very specific.

Some statistics

Of course, the course of the disease is individual, but there are some common features that will draw the attention of those who have found on their body weird acne or acne. In about a quarter of cases of HIV infection, its active manifestation on the skin in the form of rashes or spots begins to manifest itself in the 2nd month.

If together with skin problems body temperature rises, tonsils become inflamed, disorders occur from time to time gastrointestinal tract should immediately contact medical institution.

It is worth remembering that HIV is not yet a death sentence. At intensive care and compliance with all medical recommendations is possible full life. The main thing is to detect the virus in the body in a timely manner so as not to infect loved ones. Taking your health seriously is an important step towards a fulfilling life.

Symptoms of skin rashes

During an exacerbation, peculiar homeopathic spots are observed on the patient's skin, which resemble an allergy. This symptom in an HIV-infected person is accompanied by a lesion of the mucous membrane.

One of the most common skin manifestations is herpes, which manifests itself in the mouth or genital area. Treatment does not lead to the desired result. Often in places where herpes is formed, small sores that do not go away even with intensive treatment.

Mycotic skin lesions

Rubrophytosis and candidiasis, athlete's groin and versicolor are common skin diseases in HIV-infected patients. For all pathologies of this nature hallmarks are: the formation of large lesions, as well as damage to the face and scalp.

Severe course, high resistance to therapy and constantly occurring relapses are characteristic signs of the course of mycotic skin lesions.

Rubrophytia

With HIV, rubrophytosis manifests itself atypically. The clinical picture is common features with seborrheic dermatitis or keratoderma. In addition, it manifests itself in the form of an extensive rash or in the form of flat papules. microscopic examination in conjunction with laboratory analyzes will reveal the structure and features of the contents of the mycelium.

Candidiasis

The affected area is the oral cavity. Most often occurs in adult patients who are carriers of HIV infection. In other forms, this disease does not manifest itself. Signs characteristic of candidiasis provoked by the human immune deficiency virus:

1. Mucosal damage oral cavity, genitals and anus;
2. The disease affects men of young and middle age;
3. The rapid progression of the infection, the formation of foci of a vast area, which are accompanied by painful sensations and the formation of ulcers;
4. Drug resistance.

Candidiasis can affect various parts of the body and soft tissues. It is not uncommon for the infection to be localized on all limbs.

Ringworm multicolored

It is a focal rash or spots with a diameter of about 5 cm. Subsequently, they turn into small plaques and papules.

Viral skin lesions in HIV infection

Herpes simplex

It is formed most often on the genitals and next to them, as well as on the oral cavity. Such herpes is not treated by simple means, since the course of the disease is very difficult - constant relapses, remissions, formation non-healing wounds and ulcers, severe soreness of the affected areas. Laboratory analysis the imprint of the affected area allows you to identify Tzank cells. Frequent and incessant relapses can lead to the formation of a continuous ulcer at the site of the lesion. The same course is typical for herpes in the anus and genitals. By the way, typical feature HIV-infected homosexuals.

Shingles

The disease may be the only manifestation and symptom of HIV infection - this is typical for people with strong immunity. The connection between infection and herpes zoster is formed in the presence of persistent lymphadenopathy. Relapses of herpes zoster eloquently indicate the last stage of the disease.

Molluscum contagiosum

The infection differs in atypical localization. The skin reaction manifests itself on the face in adults and is characterized by regular relapses.

There are some other viral diseases that are characteristic of HIV infection. So, the symptoms of hairy leukoplakia (localized on hairy parts body) indicate a poor prognosis. Cytomegalovirus shows extremely poor signs on the body, but successfully affects internal organs and tissues, which also indicates an unfavorable outcome of treatment.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Almost half of HIV-infected patients are familiar with this skin disease. Seborrheic dermatitis occurs in the early stages of an infection. Over time, in the absence of proper therapy and suppression of the immune system, a progressive form of the disease is observed. The clinical picture is different: clearly marked rashes and generalized lesions of the skin are possible. The infection progresses and after a while you can notice characteristic rashes in uncharacteristic places: the abdomen, buttocks, perineum, etc.

Kaposi's sarcoma

Just like seborrheic dermatitis, it is a characteristic sign of infection. IN medical practice There are two types of this disease: visceral and dermal. Clinical signs of the course of the disease:

1. Defeat people at a young age;
2. Severe course of the disease;
3. Uncharacteristic localization;
4. Pronounced rash;
5. Progressive course - in a short period of time, internal organs and tissues can be affected.

Kaposi's sarcoma is rapidly developing and literally six months later there is damage to the lymph nodes and some internal organs. The combination of all signs and symptoms reveals a connection with HIV infection - the classic type of pathology is localized in other places.

Directly all dermatoses characteristic of HIV infection have similar features:

1. High resistance to the use of drugs and therapy;
2. Progressive course of the disease;
3. Acute and severe course of the disease;
4. Uncharacteristic localization of acne, boils, ulcers and blisters, as well as other unusual symptoms.

On final stages diseases - AIDS - all of the above infections already partially or completely affect the internal organs and tissues.

Features of acne with HIV infection

Various acne or blackheads on the face and body of a person may not cause any suspicion, especially if he does not yet know that he is a carrier of HIV infection. However, due to the fact that the immune system is slowly but surely weakening, all kinds of rashes, boils, blisters and black spots appear in atypical places, on the buttocks or in the groin area.

Black dots on the face may not initially cause concern. However, in case traditional means And cosmetic procedures do not help to get rid of them, it is worth taking a closer look at these formations. Gradually, acne spreads over a large area and becomes inflamed. Terrible acne with purulent contents can combine with each other - this is how so-called acne is formed on the face and other parts of the body, which are accompanied by painful sensations.

Ate at healthy person there is a chance to get rid of acne and red spots on the body, then a patient infected with HIV infection has practically none.

Gradually, acne, purulent rashes and boils begin to spread from the face to other parts of the body. So painful areas found in the scalp area indicate that seborrheic dermatitis has begun.

Rashes of a specific nature

In HIV-positive patients, various types of rashes in the genital area may indicate not only the presence skin infections. Primary signs syphilis symptoms are quite subtle and improper treatment may not lead to positive result. That is why, at the first appearance of acne or small sores in the genital area, it is recommended to be tested for syphilis.

In patients with immunodeficiency virus and syphilis, unusual serological reactions are observed - there is a delay in seroreactivity and false negative results. Be that as it may, treponemal and non-treponemal tests are interpreted both in HIV carriers and in HIV-negative patients. Alternative tests for syphilis (biopsy of lesions or dark field studies with biological material from infected tissues) will clarify clinical picture and make an accurate diagnosis.

Syphilis and HIV infection are very often in close proximity to each other. This is due to the similarity of the ways of transmission of the disease and the ways of its spread. Both AIDS and syphilis are most often transmitted through sexual contact.

Acne treatment for HIV infection

Acne on the body and their appearance in atypical places signal a weakening of the immune system. If traditional methods and cosmetic preparations do not bring desired result, you must go to a medical institution for testing. Modern therapy and specific drugs will support the immune system and weaken the effect of the immune deficiency virus on the human body.

Antiretroviral drugs can support the immune system and stop the spread of opportunistic infections and diseases. For treatment are used:

1. Directly by yourself antiviral drugs, which affect HIV by slowing its spread;
2. Drugs that act against opportunistic diseases.

Complex antiretroviral therapy is used to treat skin diseases in HIV infection. The use of only one drug does not bring the desired result, since the virus quickly and easily adapts to antibiotics and no longer responds to its action. In this case, antiretroviral therapy plays a huge role.

Forecast

The first issue that worries HIV-positive patients is the duration and quality of life. No one will give a definite answer to this question. It all depends on the degree of damage and the time during which the virus is in the human body. That is why it is so important to monitor your health, pay attention to strange acne and rashes, as well as regularly undergo examinations and be tested for HIV and syphilis.

Antiretroviral therapy can increase life expectancy. Modern medical preparations when taken properly, they allow you to practically forget about the presence of an infection in the body. So in the early years of the emergence and study of HIV, one could say that the virus develops within seven years, and after that a person has only about 12 months to live. The prognosis is more favorable. The main thing is to identify the virus on initial stages its development. That is why it is so important to pay attention to the slightest changes in your body, the appearance of acne in atypical places and their localization.

HIV is not a sentence. The use of antiretroviral drugs allows you to support the immune system, as well as almost completely get rid of acne, boils and other manifestations of skin diseases. Complex use drugs in combination with the use of cosmetic products can reduce the activity of skin infections and their manifestation on the body.

Video responses of doctors on HIV infection:

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