home Audience 7 How to treat tartar. The color of the gums also changes, they become bright red. Removal of stones on the teeth with the help of traditional medicine

How to treat tartar. The color of the gums also changes, they become bright red. Removal of stones on the teeth with the help of traditional medicine

Tartar is the root cause of the development of the vast majority of pathologies of the teeth and gums. It provokes inflammation of the gums, the development of caries, pulpitis, periodontitis. Why does plaque form and how can you get rid of it?

What is plaque and stone?

Plaque - sticky transparencies, which contains a huge amount of bacteria. Plaque forms on the surface of the teeth, mainly around the gum line after brushing for 4-12 hours. The bacteria in this film react with sugar, resulting in the release of acid, which is dangerous for enamel and gum tissues.

With irregular or poor-quality brushing of teeth, plaque on the enamel gradually accumulates and turns into stone. Tartar - calcified deposits containing up to 90% salts. The hardened plaque consists of the following components:

dead epithelial cells
protein compounds
pathogenic microflora,
polysaccharides.

The color of plaque is usually yellow, in some cases it darkens to brown. In smokers, the stone becomes gray or almost black. Initially, the deposits are soft, but gradually they harden (crystallization process).

Soft plaque hardens after 10 days, subject to poor oral care. The stone is finally formed within 6 months. It is impossible to get rid of solid deposits on your own, as they have high density. This can only be done in a dental clinic.

Dental calculus mainly appears with inside dentition, as well as in hard-to-reach places - interdental spaces, periodontal pockets. If the situation is left to chance, the stone grows, shifting the gum mucosa and provoking the development of inflammatory processes.

Why does plaque appear on the teeth?

Places in the mouth where plaque builds up and the teeth don't clean themselves are ideal environments for calculus to form. The stone can appear not only on enamel, but also on prostheses. Risk zones - rough surfaces of filling materials, orthodontic plates, crooked teeth.

What are the causes of tartar formation? The main one is poor hygiene oral cavity. Additionally, plaque formation can be influenced by:

frequent consumption of foods with a soft texture ( natural process enamel cleansing occurs in the process of chewing carrots, hard apples),
chewing on one side, while plaque will accumulate on the teeth from the side that is not involved in the chewing process,
changes in the composition of saliva against the background of diseases, hormonal disruptions,
incorrect positioning of the teeth, malocclusion makes it impossible for high-quality hygiene, contributing to the accumulation of plaque in hard-to-reach places,
cervical caries creates favorable conditions for the formation of plaque in the cervical region of the tooth,
heredity: important role in the tendency to form dental deposits play features water-salt metabolism in the body and the composition of saliva,
systemic diseases of the body,
long-term smoking, alcohol abuse,
a large amount in the diet of foods rich in carbohydrates.

How to diagnose tartar in yourself?

The first sign of stone formation is a dark rim around the tooth, most often deposits appear first on inner surface row. Gradually, plaque spreads throughout the tooth and becomes the cause bad smell.

Available at the pharmacy special tablets for plaque diagnosis. When you bite into the dragee, a dark liquid comes out of it, resembling ink in color. Look in the mirror: the areas of enamel that have been stained are affected by plaque. Do not swallow the liquid, rinse your mouth thoroughly with clean water.

Classification of dental deposits

Dental deposits are classified depending on their location:

supragingival deposits are easy to see on their own in the mirror, they have a white or yellowish tint and are located above the gingival margin. This type of plaque is formed from components coming from saliva (organic matter, minerals),
subgingival deposits are harder, they cannot be seen at home. For diagnosis, the dentist uses a special probe, which pushes the gums. Such deposits adhere tightly to the tooth, have a dark brown or closer to black color. Subgingival deposits are of the serum type, as they are formed from the gingival fluid.

Health implications

Tartar - not only aesthetic problem, it is one of the main reasons for almost all dental diseases. More than 90% of deposits are an accumulation of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity. Microflora, accumulating in one place, changes its composition, becoming pathogenic. In this form, microorganisms pose a serious danger not only to the tissues of the oral cavity, but also to internal organs.

Tartar, penetrating deep into the gums, destroys the connection between the tooth and the bone. Saliva, which has bactericidal properties, neutralizes negative impact acids on enamel. In the presence of solid deposits, saliva is not able to perform its functions, since it does not have access to enamel.

Soft and hard plaque is dangerous for the following: complications:

subgingival deposits cannot be cleaned out, which causes an unpleasant pungent odor from the oral cavity,
increases the risk of developing a carious process,
hard plaque gradually shifts the gum, which provokes its inflammation, gingivitis, periodontitis develops,
in case of joining bacterial infection increased risk of developing soft tissue abscesses
poisons and toxins that are released from plaque spread throughout the body and negatively affect the functioning of organs and systems.

How to get rid of it?

Plaque in any form and condition (soft or hard) is dangerous for teeth and gums. The sooner you get rid of it, the better. Don't experiment with folk remedies and pharmaceutical devices, since they may partially help you cope with plaque, but there is a high risk of harm to the tissues of the oral cavity.

The condition of the teeth depends on the quality of care for them, but even with perfect hygiene, with age, everyone inevitably develops tartar. possible only in a clinical setting.

Ideally, dental deposits should be removed twice a year to ensure the prevention of dental diseases. The procedure goes as follows:

Assessment of the state of the oral cavity.
Direct removal of stone and plaque.
enamel saturation useful substances(remineralization, fluoridation).

In modern clinics, patients are offered several types of dental plaque removal:

laser method,
airflow.

Let's talk about each method in more detail.

Laser cleaning

Professional laser teeth cleaning is a safe and effective method that does not cause gum bleeding and pain. The laser has a destructive effect only on substances containing water. In enamel, unlike plaque, there is no water, so the laser beam has no effect on the tooth tissue.

In the process of cleaning, plaque is destroyed layer by layer, and then simply washed off with water. The result is clean enamel that is much better at absorbing useful components from pastes and food products. Laser teeth cleaning takes several stages:

the dentist determines the color of the patient's enamel using a special scale,
the doctor preliminarily carries out a light mechanical cleaning of the surface of the teeth,
soft deposits are removed from the teeth with the help of an air-water jet,
using a laser beam, the doctor cleans the surface of the teeth from plaque,
enamel is polished
teeth are coated with fluoride paste.

It is not cheap, but it has a number of advantages over alternative ways, among which:

several operating modes of the laser unit allow you to get rid of plaque in hard-to-reach places,
the procedure is silent, does not create vibrations,
the process is contactless and painless,
the laser destroys pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity, heals small wounds and scratches,
cleaning does not take much time, and the result with high-quality hygiene lasts about a year.

The procedure is contraindicated in pregnant women, patients with hypersensitivity enamels and big amount filled teeth.

Air flow

Allowing to clean from plaque tooth enamel, as well as crowns, veneers and other types of prostheses. Under high pressure, the system delivers a jet of a special mixture of water, abrasive and air. As an abrasive, ordinary soda is used, which is harmless to the body. The procedure goes as follows:

for the safety of the patient, special glasses and an apron are used,
using a jet, the doctor cleans each tooth individually, without affecting the gums,
waste material is removed with a dental vacuum cleaner,
a special gel is applied to the enamel to fix the result.

The technique makes it possible to get rid of soft and hard plaque, biofilms, granulations from periodontal pockets, pigmented areas of enamel.

Ultrasonic cleaning

Ultrasound effectively removes any dental deposits from the enamel, including the cervical region of the teeth. High-frequency vibrations gradually exfoliate plaque, after which it is easily removed from the enamel surface.

For ultrasonic cleaning in modern clinics, the Vector device is used, which has the following benefits:

the unit is equipped with a large number of nozzles,
the ability to change the direction of movement of the device,
enamel safety.

The technique helps to get rid of tartar, smoker's plaque, as a result, the enamel brightens by several tones.

Prevention

Tartar formation can be prevented by following recommendations:

do not neglect daily brushing of teeth in the morning and evening,
ask your dentist for a recommendation effective means to prevent the formation of plaque,
to give up smoking,
keep in mind that coffee lovers get plaque faster,
do not get involved in sweet, flour products,
eat raw vegetables (especially carrots, apples).

Dentist will recommend effective pastes for the prevention of stone and plaque. Compliance with the above recommendations will slow down the formation of dental plaque, but visiting the dentist for preventive examinations is a must.

Tartar is essentially hardened plaque. If you do not brush your teeth daily, leaving soft deposits on the enamel, they will begin to harden and form stones.

Microorganisms constantly multiply in the oral cavity, increasing the soft microbial plaque. If you do not exercise oral hygiene, it begins to harden. This is due to the impact mineral salts that are found in saliva. For partial mineralization of plaque, an average of 10-16 hours is required.

Tartar is 10-30% organic and 70-90% inorganic. The organic part includes microorganisms, proteins, protein polysaccharides, leukocytes, dead epithelial cells. The basis of the inorganic part are calcium salts (phosphate, carbonate).

Types of tartar

There are supragingival and subgingival. Supragingival tartar is visible when examining the teeth, as it is located above the gums. Such deposits are dark and yellowish, due to their localization, they are easy to remove.

Subgingival are located below the level of the gums, so they are not visible during examination. Signs of such a stone are cyanosis of the gums, swelling, frequent bleeding. Sometimes there is suppuration of the periodontal pocket. Subgingival stones are a symptom of periodontitis.

When the bone is deformed, periodontal pockets form between the tooth and the gum, in which plaque collects. Only a dentist can detect subgingival tartar. Most often, deposits are found when probing pockets or periodontal manipulations. You only need to remove them an experienced doctor, since the procedure for finding and removing such stones is laborious and lengthy.

Why does tartar occur?

After eating, many particles remain in the mouth. Leftover food is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. First of all, they use easily digestible carbohydrates, which are found in excess in sweet, floury dishes. Microbial plaque increases the risk of developing gingivitis, periodontitis.

The following factors can speed up the process:

smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
the use of carbohydrates, sweet, carbonated drinks;
taking medications (antibiotics);
abuse of food with dyes;
accelerated secretion of saliva with disturbed microflora;
eating predominantly soft foods;
diseases that are provoked by pathogenic bacteria.

The only reason for the formation of tartar is poor oral hygiene. A person needs to eat daily, so it is impossible to prevent the formation of soft plaque. But regular mouth cleaning helps remove deposits and prevent them from hardening.

Mechanism of Education

Without proper hygiene, after a day, bacterial plaque thickens twice. Without brushing, bacterial colonies coalesce to form plaque.

At first, these are still soft deposits that can be removed with a brush and floss. Further, the mineralization of soft plaque gradually occurs. Hardening (mineralization) occurs during the sedimentation of salts and proteins from saliva to the surface of bacterial plaque.

Plaque constantly releases toxins and mediators that cause gum disease. This causes bleeding, redness or cyanosis, pain, suppuration, tooth mobility. Inflammation enhances the secretion of dentogingival fluid, bacteria begin to receive more proteins and salts, dramatically increasing their numbers and plaque thickness.

Therefore, when stones appear, inflammation of the gums almost always develops, which provokes an accelerated thickening of the plaque.

Removal Methods

Tartar cannot be removed regular brush, so it's best to brush your teeth daily and prevent deposits from hardening. Supragingival and subgingival stones can only be completely removed by a dentist. Weak pigmented and bacterial plaque can be removed independently.

Dental cleaning

Removal of supragingival stones is a simple manipulation. In about an hour, the doctor can clean all the teeth. Removal of subgingival dental deposits is more difficult. This requires modern equipment, highly qualified doctor and several procedures.

It is recommended that tartar be removed by periodontists, not dentists. A periodontist can assess the condition of the gums, prescribe treatment for periodontitis to patients. In the presence of supragingival tartar or pigment plaque, you can contact a regular dentist.

Tartar removal costs an average of 100 rubles per tooth (including polishing). However, it must be remembered that after ultrasonic cleaning, AirFlow teeth polishing is recommended. Polishing "AirFlow" is carried out using a water-air mixture with abrasive substances.

Removal at home

Many folk recipes who promise fast withdrawal tartar, are not only ineffective, but even harmful to enamel and gums. It is impossible to remove hard dental deposits with home remedies. Weakly expressed pigment and partially mineralized plaque will help to remove ultrasonic, electric and whitening brushes.

Danger

Tartar - main reason bad breath. Bacteria constantly release toxins that have a bad smell. Everyone knows how unpleasant it is to communicate with a person who has strong smell from mouth.

Deposits provoke gingivitis and periodontitis - infectious inflammation gums Tartars are constantly producing toxins that keep inflammation going. At first there is swelling, redness, later there is pain and bleeding.

Launched gingivitis extends to bone tissue destroying the dentogingival attachments. This is how periodontitis develops, which provokes suppuration, atrophy of bone tissues, and exposure of the roots.

Tartar increases the risk of caries. Cariogenic microbes that are contained in plaque, when digesting food debris, produce hydrochloric acid. This substance negatively affects the enamel, creates grooves at the points of contact, which are populated by bacteria.

Mucosal diseases are often diagnosed in patients with tartar. The microbial flora creates all the conditions for inflammation of the oral mucosa, which provokes erosion, ulcers and necrosis.

Prevention of hard dental deposits

The only way to prevent tartar is regular and complete cleaning of the oral cavity.

Daily oral hygiene includes:

Brushing teeth after eating. Doctors recommend using different toothpastes and changing your brush every three months.
Before using the brush, the interdental spaces are cleaned with a floss.
It is also advisable to clean the tongue and cheeks.
Use rinse aid. Rinse your mouth after every meal.
Doctors recommend regular sugar-free chewing gum.

How to choose a brush

Brushes with rubber inserts increase the impact on the enamel, so they are more suitable for smokers and those who are prone to accelerated plaque formation. There are also massage brushes. They have rubber finger inserts that stimulate the gums and improve blood circulation in the periodontium.

Proper Pasta

In the evening, you can use herbal paste, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, and in the morning, a remedy with calcium. Whitening pastes are often dangerous. Such pastes greatly increase the sensitivity of the teeth.

Benefits of chewing gum

Chewing gum, rinsing - procedures that are identical in effectiveness. Chewing gums with calcium, xylitol and similar ingredients are very useful. quality chewing gum sugar-free can even strengthen the enamel. An additional benefit of chewing gum is that it increases salivation. Saliva removes most of the soft plaque.

Which brands of toothpaste have you used?

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The formation of tartar is associated with various factors contributing to this: poor oral hygiene, crowding of teeth, peculiarities of the composition of saliva and the metabolism of the whole organism. Someone has a stone formed already in adolescence, and someone is not familiar with him until old age. The formation of calculus is always preceded by the accumulation of plaque along the necks of the teeth. Its most frequent localization is the location of the excretory ducts. salivary glands: lingual surface of central lower teeth and buccal surfaces of the upper molars.

Plaque

Plaque damages the teeth, contributing to the development of caries and other diseases.

Remains of food, microorganisms, their metabolic products settle on the surface of the teeth, and. Soft plaque has its own metabolism, independent of the whole organism, specific microflora (Streptococcus mutans), using food residues and saliva microelements. On the teeth, plaque is fixed with the help of physical and chemical reactions of interaction. To ensure their vital activity, microorganisms store carbohydrates (sugar) for future use in the form of a depot, which they use between meals. From the environment of the oral cavity, plaque is protected by a special film that does not allow saliva enzymes to act on it.

The negative role of acids produced by plaque microbes in the development of caries and periodontal diseases has been proven. When cleaning the teeth, there is a sharp improvement in the state of the oral cavity, a decrease in the intensity of caries. At different people depending on the composition of saliva and metabolism, the aggressiveness of plaque has varying degrees. But one of its properties is constant in all people - mineralization (seals) over time.

Reasons for the formation of tartar

The accumulation of soft plaque, residues of sticky foods rich in carbohydrates, on the surface of the teeth is only a predisposing factor. In the absence of high-quality cleaning of the teeth for several days, plaque forms a dental plaque (yellow-brown "rim" along the necks of the teeth), which has a denser structure and cannot always be removed with a conventional toothbrush. Constantly compacted due to microelements and minerals of saliva, the plaque gives rise to the growth of tartar. If a person's saliva contains an excess amount of minerals and salts, then the risk of a stone in him increases.

The viscosity of saliva also contributes to less physiological cleansing of the tooth surface. It rises with illness. gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, errors in the diet. The accumulation of food debris and the deposition of plaque contributes to the close position of the teeth, their crowding, poor-quality fillings or dentures, too soft Toothbrush. Anyway First stage formation of stones - the deposition of soft plaque in suitable places for this, the formation of dental plaque.

Types of tartar

Stone formation can be observed not only on the teeth, but also on the surface of insufficiently polished fillings and prostheses. Distinguish supra- and subgingival stone. The first type is formed due to the compaction of soft plaque. Minerals and organic substances coming from saliva contribute to its growth and thickening. The second type of stones belongs to the serum type, i.e., it is formed due to the proteins of blood plasma and gingival fluid. It is located under the gum in periodontal pockets. As the thickness of the subgingival calculus increases, it moves the gum further away from the root of the tooth and contributes to the deepening of the pockets. It is also compacted when minerals enter from saliva.

Tartar treatment, ways to remove it

A dentist will help you clean your teeth from plaque.

For high-quality cleaning of teeth from dense formations, it is necessary to use professional tools and tools, the procedure necessarily includes the following points:

thorough removal of supra- and subgingival deposits,
polishing the surfaces of the roots and crowns of teeth,
treatment of the surface of the teeth with fluoride preparations.

Polishing the roots involves the removal of stone residues from their surface and the exclusion of roughness and irregularities that contribute to the deposition of plaque. Used to remove stones hand tools, ultrasonic devices, tools for contra-angles. Subgingival stones are removed with curettage spoons or ultrasound, which simultaneously flushes the gums and pockets with water or antiseptic solutions. After removing the stone, the surfaces of the teeth are polished with rubber heads and a special polishing paste. When hyperesthesia appears after professional cleaning, sodium fluoride solution or any agent for removing hyperesthesia is applied to sensitive areas, a sparing, non-irritating diet is recommended, oral hygiene products are selected, rinses are prescribed.

Prevention of stone formation

The main cause of calculus growth is plaque, which thickens after about 12 days if left uncleaned. Prevention of tartar deposition is reduced to oral hygiene, regular visits to the dentist to identify primary education in the form of a plaque. Features of nutrition, the quality of the brush used and the regularity of its replacement, the use of additional hygiene items - all these factors affect the rate of stone formation. Subjectively, they are defined as roughness on the gingival part of the teeth. When examining the dentition, the stones stand out in the form of yellow-brown rims along the necks of the teeth, they can be light in color. accelerated growth. Regular visits to the dentist can not only help maintain right level oral hygiene, but also to prevent the development or periodontitis, one of the causes of which is the formation of tartar.

Tartar is hardened plaque that forms in adults and very rarely in children, and even then if there is a history of such serious illnesses like heart disease or diabetes. Usually, stones on the teeth do not form if a person devotes enough time to hygiene procedures to remove plaque. If the plaque is not allowed to harden, stones cannot form. That's why thorough cleaning of teeth is the best remedy prevention.

Plaque from tea and cigarettes can provoke the formation of tartar. The constant presence of such plaque on hard-to-reach enamel surfaces inevitably leads to the formation of dense deposits, including stones, over time.

Tartar can occur on one single tooth or on several teeth. The lower anterior teeth, as well as the upper and lower molars, are most susceptible to calculus formation.

Signs:

tartar provokes bad breath;
gums begin to itch and bleed;
dark spots appear on the visible surfaces of the teeth that cannot be removed with a brush.

Tartar can form not only on enamel, but also on crowns or dentures. Therefore, those who do not have their own teeth in their mouths should not relax, but only dentures - on them, just like on the surface of the enamel, a stone can form. Of course, it will not lead to the appearance of caries on the crown, but it can provoke inflammation of the gums, and also significantly spoil appearance prostheses.

Kinds

Dentists distinguish between two types of tartar − subgingival And supragingival, the classification is based on the localization of hardened dental deposits.

subgingival

Subgingival tartar is insidious in that only a dentist can detect it using a special probe, since it is hidden from the eyes by the edge of the gum, in the periodontal pocket and fits snugly to the root. The color of such a stone is usually dark brown or greenish black, it is extremely hard and consists mainly of calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate and calcium carbonate. If the subgingival stone is not removed in a timely manner, it can provoke an inflammatory process in the periodontium and cause periodontitis.

supragingival

Unlike subgingival, supragingival calculus can be diagnosed independently, it stands out on the surface of the enamel with its yellowish or brownish color and is easily separated using a dental excavator. It is usually located above the crest of the gingival margin, so it is easy to recognize. In terms of density, the supragingival calculus is much softer than the subgingival one, as it belongs to salivary type formations and consists mainly of epithelial cells, bacteria, mucus and food debris. If it is not removed in a timely manner, over time, hardened plaque turns into caries.

What does it look like

Outwardly, tartar looks like an ugly dark spot on the inside or outer surface tooth. At first, it is quite soft and has a light whitish color, but over time it darkens, grows and spoils the appearance of the teeth. Gradually, the stone grows so strongly that it begins to injure the edge of the gum, provoking its bleeding. IN running form can even provoke the appearance of gingivitis.

Photo: tartar on the inside of the lower teeth

Composition

The composition of subgingival and supragingival calculus is somewhat different from each other. The former is harder and is dominated by calcium and magnesium phosphate and calcium carbonate. The second one is softer in structure, it is formed by their plaque, in which there are quite a lot of epithelial cells, bacteria, mucus, food debris, which are bound by viscous saliva.

The stone does not form overnight, its formation is a long process that begins at the edges of the gums and at the neck of the tooth. It is these areas that are the most favorite place for the accumulation of plaque, pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Causes

If you have stones, the reason may be as follows:

insufficient or unsystematic oral hygiene;
use of poor-quality utensils for brushing teeth;
Availability a large number plaque;
violation of salt metabolism;
increased viscosity of saliva, as a result of which it loses its cleansing properties and does not wash off plaque;
insufficient intake of solid food, which promotes self-purification;
unilateral chewing of food (only left or only right side jaws) as a result of the presence of diseased teeth in the patient's mouth;
increased roughness of the enamel surface as a result of filling or orthodontic treatment;
smoking.

Consequences

Unfortunately, many do not consider tartar a problem and are in no hurry to contact the dentist. If plaque has formed on the inner surface of the teeth, it is invisible during communication, and the person mistakenly believes that there is no problem. In fact, the disease is quite dangerous for the health of teeth and gums. To begin with, its location at the very edge of the gums can eventually cause gum bleeding, contribute to the formation of a periodontal pocket, in which food debris will accumulate, causing inflammation in the gums.

If the stone is not removed in time, the consequences can be the most deplorable, up to the loss of teeth. After all, dental deposits are an excellent breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria, in particular those that cause caries.

We will not intimidate you - the process of formation of tartar is long, so if you systematically visit the dentist, you can get rid of the cause in a timely manner, preventing complications. It is believed that for dental health, a procedure should be performed at least 2-3 times a year, including the removal of dental plaque. In this case, you will be able to avoid such unpleasant consequences, such as the appearance of bad breath, the occurrence of caries and inflammatory diseases gums

Treatment

Treatment of stones consists in their removal, there are no other methods of treatment. Sometimes it happens that tartar under the influence of solid food itself is removed from the surface of the teeth, but this should not be hoped for. It is better to contact a specialist in a timely manner, who will quickly and painlessly remove all dental deposits from the surface of the enamel.

If earlier removal of tartar carried out mechanically, that is, they simply scraped it off the surface of the enamel, today there are more modern and painless methods for removing deposits. Among them, the most common are ultrasonic, laser and chemical methods of brushing teeth.

With help ultrasonic method the dentist will very quickly and effectively remove all dental deposits without injuring either the gum or the surface of the enamel.

With help chemical method it is possible to soften even very hard dental deposits. The dentist applies acidic and alkaline products to the surface of the stone, which quickly and effectively dissolve all hard deposits.

The laser cleaning method allows you to crush the stone and remove it from the surface of the tooth.

The procedure for removing tartar is completed by polishing and polishing the enamel, during which the teeth become shiny and their surface smooth.

Prevention

Tartar and the reasons for its appearance should force the patient to reconsider his attitude to oral hygiene, since it is precisely because of insufficient or improper cleaning of the teeth that stones form on their surface.

It is very important to brush your teeth twice a day, morning and evening. But it is equally important to do it correctly, thoroughly cleaning all surfaces of the teeth from plaque, including hard-to-reach ones. The systematic use of the floss allows you to most effectively clean the hard-to-reach interdental spaces where plaque can accumulate.

Dentists recommend not to save on high-quality toothpastes and brushes, since the effectiveness depends on them. hygiene procedures. Usage electric brush with various nozzles allows you to more thoroughly clean the surface of the teeth from plaque.

It is also necessary to consume solid food, which contributes to the self-cleaning of teeth from plaque.

Tartar is the cause of almost all dental diseases. This is an ideal environment for the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, which destroys solid and soft tissues and also causes inflammation of the tissues of the oral cavity. Why does tartar appear, how to get rid of it?

What is tartar and how is it formed?

60% of adults have plaque. Hard deposits are gradually formed from soft ones, in which all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms. It is not always possible to notice a plaque that

Hard plaque is formed from soft.

is located under the gum, and it is impossible to clean such deposits thoroughly with a toothbrush. The stone is calcic deposits, the concentration of salts in it can be up to 90%. Solid plaque consists of:

proteins,
epithelial cells,
polysaccharides,
pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria).

The color of the plaque may be light yellow and in some cases darken to brown. In smoking patients, stones are most often gray or black. First, a soft plaque begins to form on the teeth, which gradually turns into a hard one. This process is called crystallization.

Expert opinion. Dentist Voevutsky O.Yu.: “In the absence of high-quality oral hygiene, soft dental deposits harden already 10 days after their appearance on the teeth. Tartar is formed completely within six months. The density of deposits is high, so it is impossible to remove them at home on your own. Stones on the teeth can be removed on their own only on initial stage its crystallization.

The appearance of tartar accelerates the use of coffee, alcoholic beverages, smoking. It is formed most often on the inside of the teeth, as well as inside periodontal pockets. Hard deposits make it difficult quality treatment caries and dental fillings. Growing, the stone displaces the gum mucosa, which leads to the development of inflammatory processes.

Tartar classification

Hard deposits on enamel are divided into two types:

supragingival deposits can be seen independently: they are located above the gums and have a yellowish tint. This type of deposits is removed without much difficulty.
subgingival hard plaque is at the level of the gums, so it is not always possible to see it on your own. Often, the gum at the site of accumulation of hard deposits swells, has a bluish tint and may bleed. Tartar contributes to the development of periodontitis, which destroys the tissues that hold the tooth in place.

Periodontal pockets gradually form, in which pus accumulates. Subgingival deposits can only be seen by a dentist using special instruments.

The stone contains a huge number of microorganisms that actively multiply.

Reasons for the formation of tartar

The formation of dental plaque is affected by many adverse factors:

poor-quality oral hygiene: if plaque, food debris from teeth and hard-to-reach places are not completely cleaned, it gradually begins to harden and turns into a hard stone,
the use of soft foods: the natural cleansing of enamel from plaque is facilitated by chewing hard foods (for example, apples),
the formation of tartar can occur against the background of a change in the composition of saliva as a result of malnutrition and some diseases
dentition defects, curvature and wrong position teeth interferes with their high-quality cleaning of stones,
cervical caries contributes to the retention of plaque in the area of the tooth root,
the cause of tartar formation is often hereditary factor: here an important role is played by the characteristics of water-salt metabolism in the body and the composition of the secret secreted by the salivary glands.

There can be many reasons for the appearance of tartar, and most often it is not one, but a complex of unfavorable factors.

What could be the consequences?

Tartar is far from White color, most often it is yellow, gray or black. This significantly spoils the aesthetics of a smile, as a result, a person is embarrassed to smile, talk, so as not to once again draw attention to his shortcoming. Both soft and hard deposits provide an ideal environment for infection to develop. Most of the sediments are colonies of various microorganisms that actively multiply.

In the absence of proper therapy, the infection spreads throughout the body. Subgingival plaque poses a threat to periodontal tissues and becomes the cause. Other unpleasant consequences:

Prevention

Plaque most often causes almost all dental diseases, as it contributes to the development inflammatory process in the oral cavity. Prevention - The best way to avoid unpleasant consequences:

Responsible for oral hygiene: brush your teeth twice a day, give Special attention hard-to-reach places. For high-quality cleaning of such areas, use floss, special rinses,
Eat more raw vegetables and fruits, this will help naturally clean your teeth from plaque,
be sure to treat all diseases of the teeth and gums, since plaque can be removed subject to the absolute health of the oral cavity,
if you wear make sure they are clean, as bacteria and food debris accumulate under them very quickly,
be sure to visit the dentist twice a year to remove the stone when it is still in a stage where it has not crystallized and is easy to clean.

Ways to remove tartar

There are several methods for removing dental deposits.

High-quality cleaning of teeth from plaque is possible only in the dentist's office. The procedure should be carried out on average 2 times a year. This will avoid many dental diseases. The procedure for removing plaque takes place in several stages:

diagnosis of the condition of the oral cavity,
removal of plaque and stone,
coating of tooth enamel with fluorine-containing varnish.

There are several effective methods plaque cleaning:

Ultrasonic cleaning

- an effective and popular among patients method of removing stones on the teeth. For these purposes, use special device- scaler. The dentist adjusts the frequency of ultrasonic waves individually for each patient. After ultrasonic cleaning, plaque residues are removed with a jet of water from disinfectants. The procedure is safe for teeth and gums.