home Audience 5 Violation of water-salt metabolism in the body. Why is the balance of water and salt in the body disrupted? Gymnastics will restore water-salt balance

Violation of water-salt metabolism in the body. Why is the balance of water and salt in the body disrupted? Gymnastics will restore water-salt balance

Human water-salt balance

The water-salt balance of a person refers to the processes of distribution, absorption and excretion of water and mineral salts. Man is mostly made of water. So, in the body of a newborn baby it is about 75%, in adult men its content is about 60%, and in women – 55%. Over the course of life, this figure gradually decreases.

The importance of salt and water balance in the body

Water-salt metabolism includes the process of water and salts entering the body, their absorption, distribution between various fabrics, organs and fluids and excretion from the body. It is one of the most important mechanisms for maintaining human life.

Water is involved in almost everything metabolic processes. It is found in all tissues, cells and organs. The importance of fluid for the body is difficult to overestimate.

Salt metabolism is necessary to perform functions such as the movement of fluid through blood vessels, maintaining metabolism, blood clotting, maintaining normal blood sugar levels, removing toxins, etc. The main electrolytes are: calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and potassium.

Regulatory mechanism

Regulation of water-salt balance is carried out by several systems. Special receptors send signals to the brain when the content of electrolytes, ions and water changes. After this, the intake, distribution and excretion of fluids and salts from the body changes.

The excretion of water and electrolytes occurs through the kidneys under the control of the central nervous system. The mechanism for regulating water-salt metabolism is as follows. A signal is sent to the central nervous system that the normal balance of fluid or any of the salts is disturbed. This leads to the production of certain hormones or physiologically active substances. They, in turn, affect the removal of salts from the body.

Features of water-salt metabolism

It is believed that a person should receive approximately 30 ml of water per kilogram of weight per day. This amount is enough to supply the body with minerals, supply fluid to tissues, cells and organs, dissolve and remove waste products. A common person rarely consumes more than 2.5 liters of water per day, of which about a liter comes from liquid contained in food, and another 1.5 liters from water drunk during the day.

Fluid balance depends on the ratio of its intake and release in one period of time. Water is removed through urinary system, along with feces, through sweat, and also with exhaled air.

Violation of water-salt balance

There are two areas of water-salt imbalance: hyperhydration and dehydration. The first of them is an increased accumulation of water in the body. Fluid can accumulate in tissues, intercellular spaces, or inside cells. Dehydration is a lack of water. It leads to blood thickening, the formation of blood clots, and disruption of normal blood supply. If the water deficit is more than 20%, the person dies.

Causes of the phenomenon

The cause of a violation of the water-salt balance is the redistribution of fluid in the body and its loss. Thus, overhydration occurs when water is retained in the tissues and its removal is difficult, for example, with kidney pathologies. Dehydration often develops with intestinal infections, in which severe diarrhea and vomiting are observed.

A decrease in salt levels may occur for the following reasons:

lesions, injuries, pathologies and removal thyroid gland;
improper use of diuretic medications;
insulin injections;
diseases of the liver, kidneys and digestive organs;
consumption of some hormonal drugs And so on.

Symptoms

Symptoms of water metabolism disorders depend on its type. With overhydration, swelling, nausea, and weakness are noted. With a lack of fluid in the body, severe thirst appears, the skin and mucous membranes become dry, pallor and coldness of the extremities, a decrease in the amount of urine and a decrease in the elasticity of the skin are also observed. In such conditions, mandatory medical care is required.

Deficiency and excess mineral products can be more difficult to determine. If there is a lack of calcium in the body, seizures may occur, greatest danger represent spasms of blood vessels and larynx. Increased content salts of this mineral leads to vomiting, a feeling of thirst, increased urine output and stomach pain.

Symptoms of potassium deficiency include: atony, brain pathologies, alkalosis, intestinal obstruction, changes in heart rhythm. If it is present in excess in the body, vomiting and nausea may occur. This condition can lead to the development of ventricular fibrillation of the heart and stopping the functioning of its atria.

Excess magnesium in the blood can lead to nausea and vomiting, fever and slow heart function.

Measures to restore water-salt balance

Drugs

To restore the water-salt balance, medications can be used, the action of which is aimed at regulating the content of salts and fluids in the body. Such means include:

Magnesium and potassium aspartate. It is prescribed for heart attacks, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure that occurs due to a lack of potassium or magnesium.
Sodium bicarbonate. This drug can be prescribed for gastritis with high acidity, ulcers, acidosis, intoxication, infections and in other cases. It has an antacid effect and increases gastrin production.
Sodium chloride. It is used for fluid loss and insufficient supply as a result of uncontrollable vomiting, acute diarrhea, and extensive burns. This drug is also prescribed for chlorine and sodium deficiency that occurs due to dehydration.
Sodium citrate. The drug is used to normalize blood composition. It binds calcium, increases sodium levels and inhibits hemocoagulation.
Hydroxyethyl starch. It is prescribed for severe blood loss, extensive burns, infections, as well as during operations and in the postoperative period.

Recovery drugs water balance:

Oralit instructions
Regidron - complete instructions
Citroglucosolan: instructions for use, price

Solutions

Chemical solutions are used to combat dehydration in diseases such as dysentery, cholera, acute poisoning and other pathologies accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. It is not recommended to use such solutions for treatment of diabetes mellitus. renal failure, liver diseases and infectious diseases genitourinary organs.

To restore the water-salt balance, you should take solutions for 5-7 days. This should be done in the afternoon, about an hour after eating. Over the next 1.5-2 hours it is better to abstain from food. At the same time, during the treatment period it is worth reducing or completely eliminating salt from the diet in order to prevent its excess.

In case of acute rapid dehydration of the body, solutions should be taken immediately. At the same time severe vomiting you should drink them little by little, but every 5-10 minutes. This will help avoid repeated bouts of vomiting. Treatment is continued until all symptoms of dehydration disappear.

Additional information on solutions:

Saline solution for diarrhea

Treatment in a hospital setting

Hospitalization for disorders of water-salt metabolism is quite rare. It is indicated for severe dehydration, signs of water deficiency in young children or old people, serious pathologies and other similar cases. Treatment in a hospital setting is carried out under the supervision of specialists. It consists of specialized treatment of the underlying disease, as well as taking saline solutions and preparations containing minerals. In addition, the patient’s diet and his drinking regime. In particular severe cases a drip infusion of an isotonic solution into a vein is prescribed.

Regulation by folk remedies

You should use folk remedies to regulate water-salt balance very carefully. It is advisable to carry out such treatment only under the supervision of a doctor. The bulk folk recipes is aimed at preventing dehydration of the body, as well as combating it.

At home, you can prepare a saline solution similar in effect to pharmaceutical products. To do this you need to dissolve in clean water one large spoon each of sugar and salt.

Dehydration most often results from diarrhea and vomiting. To get rid of them you can also use folk remedies, such as strongly brewed tea, potato starch solution, infusion of pomegranate peels, rice water and others.

When restoring and maintaining water-salt metabolism, the doctor, in addition to prescribing medicines, and in mild cases, instead, gives nutritional recommendations.

A mandatory factor is the daily calculation of the amount of salt in food; it should not be more than 7 grams. The exception is patients who are prescribed complete or partial refusal of it. There is especially a lot of salt in store-bought semi-finished products and dishes. fast food, it may be present in them up to 10-12 g. It is recommended to replace regular salt to sea or iodized, as they contain more minerals.

It is worth paying attention to the amount of water consumed per day. 1.5-2.5 liters per day is considered normal. In this case, it is advisable to drink more in the first half of the day, otherwise edema may appear.

From this article you will learn:

What is the water balance of the human body?
What are the causes of imbalance in the body's water balance?
How to recognize a violation of the body's water balance
How to understand how much water is needed to maintain the body's water balance
How to maintain a normal level of water balance in the body
How can you restore water balance in the body?
How is water imbalance in the body treated?

Everyone knows that a person is about 80% water. After all, water is the basis of blood (91%), gastric juice(98%), mucous and other fluids in the human body. There is also water in our muscles (74%), about 25% in the skeleton, and, of course, it is present in the brain (82%). Therefore, water clearly affects the ability to remember, thinking and physical capabilities of a person. How to keep your body hydrated normal level to avoid health problems? You will learn about this from our article.

What is the body's water and electrolyte balance?

Water and electrolyte balance of the body is a set of processes of absorption and distribution of water throughout the human body and its subsequent removal.

When the water balance is normal, the amount of fluid released by the body is adequate to the incoming volume, that is, these processes are balanced. If you don’t drink enough water, the balance will be negative, which means that your metabolism will slow down significantly, your blood will become too thick and will not be able to distribute oxygen throughout the body. the required volume, body temperature will rise and pulse will increase. It follows from this that the overall load on the body will be higher, but performance will decrease.

But drinking more water than you need can also be harmful. The blood will become too thin and the cardiovascular system will receive heavy load. The concentration of gastric juice will also decrease, and this will lead to disruption of digestion processes. Excess water causes an imbalance in the water balance in the human body, causing excretory system work with increased load - excess fluid is excreted through sweat and urine. This not only causes extra work for the kidneys, but also contributes to excess loss of useful substances. All these processes ultimately disrupt the water-salt balance and significantly weaken the body.

You should also not drink a lot during physical activity. Your muscles will quickly get tired and you may even get cramps. You've probably noticed that athletes don't drink a lot of water during training and performances, but only rinse their mouths so as not to overload their hearts. Use this technique while jogging and training.

Why is the body’s water-electrolyte balance disrupted?

The reasons for the imbalance are improper distribution of fluid throughout the body or its large losses. As a result, there is a deficiency of microelements that are actively involved in metabolic processes.

One of the main elements is calcium, its concentration in the blood may decrease, in particular, for the following reasons:

disruptions in the functioning of the thyroid gland or its absence;
therapy with medications containing radioactive iodine.

Concentration of another is not less than important microelement – sodium– may decrease for the following reasons:

excess fluid consumption or its accumulation in body tissues due to various pathologies;
therapy with diuretics (especially in the absence of medical supervision);
various pathologies accompanied by increased urination (for example, diabetes);
other conditions associated with fluid loss (diarrhea, increased sweating).

Shortage potassium occurs with alcohol abuse, taking corticosteroids, as well as with a number of other pathologies, for example:

alkalization of the body;
failure of adrenal function;
liver diseases;
insulin therapy;
decreased thyroid function.

However, potassium levels may rise, which also upsets the balance.

Symptoms of water-salt imbalance in the human body

If during the day the body has used more fluid than it has received, then this is called negative water balance or dehydration. At the same time, tissue nutrition is disrupted, brain activity decreases, immunity decreases, and you may feel unwell.

Symptoms of negative water balance:

Dry skin. The top layers also become dehydrated and microcracks form on them.
Pimples on the skin. This occurs due to the fact that an insufficient amount of urine is released, and the skin is more actively involved in the process of removing toxins from the body.
Urine becomes darker due to lack of fluid.
Edema. They are formed due to the fact that the body tries to store water reserves in different tissues.
You may also feel thirsty and dry oral cavity. Little saliva is produced; a coating also appears on the tongue and bad smell from mouth.
Deterioration of brain function: symptoms of depression, sleep disturbances, poor concentration at work and household chores.
Due to lack of moisture, joints may ache and there is a risk of muscle spasms.
If there is not enough fluid in the body, this leads to constipation and constant feeling nausea.

Minerals (dissolved in water, called electrolytes) also affect the water-salt balance.

The most important are calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), compounds with chlorine, phosphorus, bicarbonates. They are responsible for the most important processes in the body.

Negative consequences for the body will occur both with insufficient amounts of water and microelements, and with excess. Your body may not have enough water if you have had vomiting, diarrhea, or heavy bleeding. Children, especially newborns, feel the most severe lack of water in their diet. They have an increased metabolism, as a result of which the concentration of electrolytes and metabolic products in the tissues can very quickly increase. If excess of these substances is not eliminated promptly, it can pose a serious health threat.

Many pathological processes in the kidneys and liver lead to fluid retention in the tissues, causing an imbalance in the water balance in the body. If a person drinks too much, then water will also accumulate. As a result, the water-salt balance is disrupted, and this, in turn, causes not only malfunctions various organs and systems, but can also lead to more severe consequences, such as pulmonary and cerebral edema, and collapse. In this case, a threat to human life already arises.

If a patient is hospitalized, the water and electrolyte balance of his body is not analyzed. Usually, drugs with electrolytes are prescribed immediately (of course, depending on the main diagnosis and severity of the condition), and further therapy and research is based on the body's response to these drugs.

When a person is admitted to the hospital, the following information is collected and entered into his or her chart:

information about health status and existing diseases. The following diagnoses indicate a violation of the water-salt balance: ulcers, gastrointestinal infections, ulcerative colitis, states of dehydration of any origin, ascites and so on. A salt-free diet also comes into focus in this case;
the severity of the existing disease is determined and a decision is made on how treatment will be carried out;
blood tests are performed (according to the general scheme, for antibodies and bacterial cultures) to clarify the diagnosis and identify other possible pathologies. Usually other laboratory tests are carried out for this purpose.

The sooner you establish the cause of the disease, the sooner you can eliminate problems with your water-salt balance and quickly organize the necessary treatment.

Calculation of water balance in the body

The average person needs about two liters of water per day. You can accurately calculate the required volume of liquid using the formula given below. A person gets about one and a half liters from drinks, and almost a liter comes from food. Also, part of the water is formed due to the oxidation process in the body.

To calculate the amount of water you need per day, you can use the following formula: multiply 35–40 ml of water by body weight in kilograms. That is, it is enough to know your own weight to instantly calculate your individual need for water.

For example, if your weight is 75 kg, then using the formula we calculate the volume you need: multiply 75 by 40 ml (0.04 l) and get 3 liters of water. This is your daily fluid intake to maintain normal water-salt balance in the body.

Every day the human body loses a certain amount of water: it is excreted through urine (about 1.5 l), through sweat and breathing (about 1 l), through the intestines (about 0.1 l). On average this amount is 2.5 liters. But the water balance in the human body greatly depends on external conditions: temperature environment and the amount of physical activity. Increased activity and heat cause thirst, the body itself tells you when it is necessary to replenish fluid loss.

At high temperatures air our body heats up. And overheating can be very dangerous. Therefore, the thermoregulation mechanism, based on the evaporation of liquid, immediately turns on skin, due to which the body cools. About the same thing happens during an illness with a high temperature. In all cases, a person needs to replenish fluid loss, take care of restoring the water-salt balance in the body by increasing water consumption.

IN comfortable conditions At an air temperature of about 25 °C, the human body secretes about 0.5 liters of sweat. But as soon as the temperature begins to rise, the secretion of sweat also increases, and each additional degree causes our glands to part with another hundred grams of liquid. As a result, for example, in 35-degree heat, the amount of sweat secreted by the skin reaches 1.5 liters. In this case, the body reminds you of the need to replenish your fluid supply with thirst.

How to maintain water balance in the body

So, we have already found out how much water a person needs to consume during the day. However, it is important in what mode the liquid enters the body. It is necessary to evenly distribute water intake during the waking period. Thanks to this, you will not provoke swelling and will not force the body to suffer from water deficiency, which will bring it maximum benefit.

How to normalize water balance in the body? Many people drink water only when thirsty. This is a big mistake. Thirst means you are already dehydrated. Even when it is very minor, it still has a big impact on the body. Remember that you should not drink a lot during breakfast, lunch and dinner, or immediately after meals. This will significantly reduce the concentration of gastric juice and worsen digestion processes.

How to restore water balance in the body?

It is best to create a water intake schedule for yourself, for example this:

One glass 30 minutes before breakfast to start the stomach working.
One and a half to two glasses a couple of hours after breakfast. It could be tea at work.
One glass 30 minutes before lunch.
One and a half to two glasses a couple of hours after lunch.
One glass 30 minutes before dinner.
One glass after dinner.
One glass before going to bed.

In addition, you can drink one glass during meals. As a result, we get the required amount of water in twenty-four hours. The proposed drinking schedule ensures a uniform supply of water to the body, which means you will not need to worry about swelling or dehydration.

To maintain a normal water-salt balance, one should not forget about the following factors:

During physical activity, a lot of salts leave the body along with sweat, so it is better to drink water with salt, soda, mineral water or water with sugar.
Increase the amount of water consumed if the ambient temperature is elevated.
Also drink more water if you are in a dry room (where radiators are very hot or the air conditioner is running).
When taking medications, consuming alcohol, caffeine, or smoking, the level of water in the body also decreases. Be sure to replenish losses with additional fluid.
Water comes not only with coffee, tea and other drinks. Eat vegetables, fruits and other foods that are high in fluids.
The body also absorbs water through the skin. Take a shower more often, lie in the bath, swim in the pool.

With a uniform supply of water, your metabolism will improve, energy will be produced constantly during the period of activity and you will not be so tired from work. Also, maintaining water balance in the body will prevent the accumulation of toxins, which means that the liver and kidneys will not be overloaded. Your skin will become more elastic and firm.

How to restore water-salt balance in the body

Excessive fluid loss or insufficient fluid intake for a person is fraught with failures different systems. How to restore water-salt balance in the body? You need to understand that the water deficit cannot be filled at one time, so you do not need to drink in large portions. Fluid should be supplied to the body evenly.

The state of dehydration is also accompanied by sodium deficiency, so you need to drink not just water, but various solutions with electrolytes. You can buy them at the pharmacy and simply dissolve them in water. But if dehydration is severe enough, you should immediately seek help. medical care. This is especially important for children, with any signs of dehydration in small child you need to call an ambulance. The same applies to older people.

In case of oversaturation of tissues and organs with water, there is no need to independently restore the water-salt balance in the body. Consult your doctor to find out the problem that caused this condition. It is often a symptom of a disease and requires treatment.

What to do to avoid dehydration:

Always drink if you are thirsty. Be sure to take a water bottle of at least one liter with you.
Drink more during physical activity (an adult can drink one liter per hour, a child needs 0.15 liters). Although it should be noted that experts are not unanimous on this issue.

A person who does not drink fluids responsibly is at risk of dehydration or swelling. Do not under any circumstances disturb the water balance in the body. Carefully monitor the amount of fluid in your body.

Treatment of water-electrolyte imbalance in the human body

Restoring the water-salt balance in the body is very important for wellness and organ functioning. Below is general scheme, according to which the health status of patients with these problems in medical institutions is normalized.

First you need to take measures to prevent the development pathological condition, threatening human life. To do this, immediately liquidate:

bleeding;
hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume);
deficiency or excess of potassium.

To normalize the water-salt balance, various solutions of basic electrolytes in dosage form are used.
Measures are being taken to prevent the development of complications as a result of this therapy (in particular, with injections of sodium solutions, epileptic attacks and manifestations of heart failure are possible).
Besides drug treatment, a diet is possible.
The administration of drugs intravenously is necessarily accompanied by monitoring the level of water-salt balance, acid-base status, and hemodynamics. It is also necessary to monitor the condition of the kidneys.

If a person is assigned intravenous administration saline solutions, a preliminary calculation of the degree of water-electrolyte imbalance is made and, taking these data into account, a plan of therapeutic measures is drawn up. There are simple formulas based on standard and actual indicators of sodium concentration in the blood. This technique makes it possible to determine disturbances in the water balance in the human body; the calculation of fluid deficiency is carried out by a doctor.

Where to order a drinking water cooler

The Ecocenter company supplies coolers, pumps and related equipment to Russia for dispensing water from bottles of various sizes. All equipment is supplied under the “ECOCENTER” brand.

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Water-salt balance. With this material I open
a long-promised topic - edema as a cause excess weight.
Because classic obesity is far from it
often occurs, as we all think...

Water-salt balance

So, my friends, before I start telling you how to get rid of swelling and generally bring you up to date, let me tell you something. Why is this topic of edema very, very important, and why is it very, very complex and very, very non-trivial?

Firstly, why is the topic of edema so important? Because in fact, as you noticed in the already traditional “Debriefing” section, I have guys who manage to lose 30 kg in 4 months, etc. But if you calculate on a calculator how many kilocalories it would be necessary to burn and create what kind of kilocalorie deficit in order to consume such an amount of pure fat, you will understand that this, of course, is unrealistic.

Roughly speaking, 1 gram of pure fat is 9 kcal. To burn 30 kg of fat in 60 days, you need to burn 30,000 grams * 9 kcal = 270,000 kcal. Divide 270,000 by 60 days and get 4,500 kcal per day. Believe me, it is impossible to create such a deficit in 60 days. This means that among the 30 kg lost, it was not entirely fat.

Cause of excess weight

Therefore, when we lose weight in such quantities, it is mostly water and swelling that is lost, i.e. excess water, not the one the body needs, but the one it stores according to various reasons. Water-salt balance and water-salt imbalance are just the most common “expenses”.

And pure obesity, I mean absolutely pure obesity, when a person is simply fat, really dense, like a pig, due to the excessive amount of food consumed, fats, carbohydrates and practically no swelling. Over the past 9-10 years, as long as I have been helping people, I have practically never met people with pure obesity. Maximum, you know, 10-15 percent. Therefore, when a person loses excess weight, as a rule, it is a whole combination. A whole combination that consists of directly excess fat and excess liquid, which occurs as a result of these same edemas.

Water-salt balance. Cause of excess weight. Video

Is swelling not easy?

And now why is it extremely, extremely difficult. You know, because in fact we have such a thing, in principle all creatures have it, which is called humoral regulation. This is the regulation of various organs or parts of the body with the help of hormones that circulate through body fluids: blood, lymphatic system, saliva.

In man, as in many higher beings, it is also subordinated nervous system, that is why it is called the neurohumoral system, i.e. neurohumoral regulation. This means that our body transports to reflex zones, the targets of various kinds of hormones are the same catecholamines, adrenaline, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, a lot, a lot of other things. And the trick is that since a person, as they say, consists of 80% water and 20% food (there was a joke about food), since we really have a lot of water and this is part of the blood plasma, part lymphatic system, very often it turns out that it is impossible to determine exactly what kind of swelling it is. For one simple reason - even professional doctors very often when differential diagnosis make mistakes. There are some specific signs, but in fact it is not always possible to determine exactly what kind of swelling it is. And today, water-salt balance (or one salt exchange) and its violation as a cause of excess weight is the first topic in a large series.

Water-salt balance. Why he?

Violation of water-salt balance. So why does this reason come first? Firstly, because this is the most common violation of water-salt metabolism, which leads to edema. Secondly, I have already touched on this topic in two videos: on about isotonics And video about the importance of salt. And you will definitely need to watch these videos to understand what they are talking about we're talking about why this thing works.

Of course, I will now tell you so that this material is autonomous, what to do, and I will directly tell you the basics and basics, but about isotonic solutions, about salt, the importance of salt in our lives, please watch these two videos to be savvy .

water salt balance is very important

So, why does the carcass worry so much about this very water-salt balance, i.e. why is he so important to her? In order to answer this question, let's ask the question - how does it happen that we can raise our hand, move our fingers, or our brain activity, or the fact that I’m talking to you and you hear me? Why is all this happening?

All control of our body, movements all occur due to electrical impulses that move along the axon in a wave manner. However, we don’t have batteries in our butts. Where does the carcass get these electrical impulses inside our body, how does it generate them? Now I’ll tell you one very interesting thing.

On the surface of the cell, the cell membrane and inside the cell, we always have a potential difference, the so-called resting potential. We have a difference between different kinds of ions and cations, i.e. inside and outside the membrane, this creates a certain electrical balance, electrical tension. Usually there is more sodium outside, less inside, and due to this whole thing, we get this resting tension. Why is this happening? This happens thanks to the so-called potassium-sodium pumps, about which I have already told you what a potassium-sodium pump is. This is a pump that moves sodium and potassium back into the cell from the cell and guess what it works by? That's right, due to ATP. And by controlling this difference in the concentration of sodium and potassium inside and outside the cell, the body generates an electrical impulse.

The bottom line remains the same - the point is that potassium and sodium and water are used to generate and transmit electrical impulses inside your body to absolutely all of our organs. Salt is sodium chlorine (NaCl), strictly speaking. Therefore, if we have a violation of chlorine, sodium, potassium, it is quite possible that the carcass will not be able to conduct electrical impulses. And if, suppose, it ends in your hands, only because you have convulsions, you cannot raise your hand, then we must not forget that, for example, electrical impulses from the His bundle are also carried out thanks to these same potassium-sodium pumps, ion channel, due to the balance of sodium and potassium. And this is already, excuse me, heart attack. And the carcass really doesn’t like it when she has a heart attack. Therefore, she makes sure that our water-salt balance is always normal, and if something happens, she advocates for the restoration of the water-salt balance.

swelling and water-salt imbalance

So, what do we need to do to ensure that our water-salt balance is normal and what will happen if we don’t do this? First of all, this consumption of water and salt in correct and necessary quantities. Because now I’ll send you to watch these same two videos that I talked about at the very beginning of this video. Once And two Precisely because it is told in detail, and I don’t want to repeat everything absolutely the same now. Now let's draw a conclusion.

The problem is that with a lack of salt, sodium is washed out directly through urine and other things. It's unavoidable. And we need sodium just to form these very electrical signals. Therefore, if we have little sodium, the carcass begins to do what? Retain water so you don't pee and flush out sodium. Once - here's swelling for you. That is if you don't eat salt.

Now let's say you don't drink enough water. But the point is that if we drink little water, our blood begins to thicken, we pee, we sweat, we lose some liquid. As a result, our blood plasma becomes very concentrated, there are a lot of different kinds of ions. And water begins to flow from inside the red blood cell cell in order to dilute this concentration. This happens due to osmosis. As a result, our cell begins to shrink, and we get a bunch of different kinds of unpleasant moments. And in order to prevent this from happening, since we have little water, so that the blood does not thicken, so that the heart can easily pump it, so that this isotonic solution always exists, the carcass again begins to retain water, in order dilute too much thick blood, which you currently have. What is this? Again, swelling.

how to restore water-salt balance

As a result, what do we get? We don't eat salt - swelling. We don’t drink water – there’s also swelling. What to do about it? First, imagine that if you weigh about 70 or 100 kilograms, you need at least 3 liters of water per day. Yes, perhaps you will swell for the first 2 weeks while the carcass directly adjusts the water-salt balance in the body, because this is not quick. This is not a cough pill that you took for a fever and your fever subsided within an hour. This is a fairly long process, so we need to drink a sufficient amount of water constantly so that we directly have an isotonic blood solution in relation to the composition inside the red blood cell. This time.

Secondly, you need to eat enough salt. For an adult, approximately, taking into account the salt that he consumes with food, I hope that you still do not directly eat all sorts of different semi-finished products, which contain a lot of salt, but, one way or another, you need approximately on average from 5 to 8 g eat salt a day. Under no circumstances should we give up salt, because here the carcass will begin to retain water, because we will develop hyponatremia, i.e. we will have a lack of sodium and so that you do not directly wash away the sodium with urine, which is needed for the formation of electrical impulses, the carcass will begin to retain water. And as a result, in fact, no matter how much I say, i.e. no matter how much many people say that “guys, you need to drink a lot, you can’t give up salt,” this weight has a certain meaning. Why are we doing this? In order for our body to function normally. And in this case, this is a question of the absence of seizures, this is a question of nerve conduction, this is a question of edema and, accordingly, excess weight. And, as you understand, following such a procedure as simply drinking enough water and consuming enough salt is the simplest thing.

Well, my friends, that's all for today. This was the first video from the series “Swelling”. Today we looked at the introductory part and very briefly looked at edema due to a violation of the water-salt balance. Videos about other types of edema, how to determine whether it is edema or not, that will all be there. All this will happen, it’s already in the plans, little by little I’m working on it, and for today I say goodbye to you. Basilio was with you, channel FreshLife28– a channel about how to start and not quit new life on Monday. Everyone - bye bye.

A person's water-salt balance is a natural indicator of his health. With its help, control is exercised over the functioning of all systems and internal organs.

If this balance is disturbed and is not restored for a sufficiently long period of time, functional and physiological pathologies begin to develop in the body, including oncological tumor diseases.

The normal balance of fluid and salt in the body ranges from 60% to 65% water in a middle-aged adult. For a child, the upper limit is approximately 10% higher, but during the aging period, water can make up only 50% of the basic indicator in kg of body weight.

When the body loses up to 5% of moisture, a person simply experiences extreme thirst, general lethargy, and his performance decreases. When up to 15% of moisture leaves the body, disturbances begin in various metabolic processes. Complete dehydration, that is, when the body loses up to 25% of fluid, can be fatal.

When the water-salt balance is disturbed, that is, the body is partially or completely dehydrated, the blood begins to thicken, metabolism deteriorates and begins the development of hypertension (increased blood pressure), hypotension (decreased blood pressure), and vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Disturbances in water-salt balance can be identified by certain signs:

The appearance of edema (that is, accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space);
A decrease in blood pressure or, conversely, an increase;
Acid-base imbalance in the human body.

The program for restoring the balance of water and salt in the body is directly dependent on the causes and conditions that caused pathological changes. Therefore, the doctor draws it up and makes prescriptions in each individual case.

But, of course, there are also general techniques that are suitable in cases where an imbalance is detected on early stage and is not associated with serious pathologies of internal organs and systems.

When compiled correctly medical program and performing it, the water-salt balance will very quickly return to normal, and at the same time normalize arterial pressure and general well-being.

Gymnastics to eliminate salt imbalance

To cure and eliminate salt imbalance from the body, of course, a doctor’s prescription is required, which will consist of taking certain medications and dietary nutrition. But, as an addition to these appointments and good help Gymnastics, consisting of specially selected exercises, can help eliminate imbalances.

Attention in gymnastics is usually focused on spinal column. It is very important that the spine is flexible and mobile. If this is not the case, then the condition will be aggravated by a painful syndrome with any, even the smallest movement.

Each exercise in therapeutic gymnastics is performed at least five times in a row. You can gradually “increase” the load and perform exercises with dumbbells in your hands or sandbags (no more than 1 kg in each hand).

You can always find out a set of exercises from your doctor or in the physiotherapy room at your local clinic.

ABOUT one of the most severe consequences increased sweating during muscular work performed in conditions of elevated temperature and air humidity is a violation of the water-salt balance of the body. It consists in the rapid loss of water by the body, i.e. in the development of acute dehydration (dehydration), as well as in a change in the content of a number of electrolytes (salts) in the water spaces of the body.

D dehydration can be caused by various reasons: exposure to elevated temperatures external environment(thermal dehydration), prolonged and intense muscular work (working dehydration) and a combination of these two conditions, i.e. intense muscular work at elevated temperatures (thermal working dehydration). Different forms of dehydration cause different changes in the functions of different tissues and systems of the body.

At With working dehydration, a decrease in physical performance is especially noticeable. Significant working dehydration develops only with long-term (more than 30 minutes) and fairly intense exercises (submaximal aerobic power), especially if they are performed under conditions of elevated temperature and humidity. During heavy but short-term work, even in conditions elevated temperatures and air humidity. Any significant dehydration does not have time to develop.

P Maintaining body temperature within acceptable limits is more important for the body than conserving water. With prolonged hard work, accompanied by heavy sweating, a large deficiency of water in the body may occur. For example, marathon runners can lose up to 6 liters of water through sweat during competition in hot conditions. Even with some replenishment of water losses by taking liquids during the distance, the body weight of marathon runners decreases by an average of 5%, and in extreme cases - by 8% with a loss of 13-14% of the total amount of water. The total water loss as a result of muscular work can be easily assessed by comparing body weight before and after work (taking into account the water drunk during this period).

H the person who lost a large number of water, is unstable to heat, its performance decreases. Even a 1-2% decrease in body weight due to water loss reduces physical performance, especially in an untrained person. Under conditions of dehydration, the body regulates body temperature worse, so that with the same load, the body temperature of dehydrated people (loss of 3-4% of body weight) is higher than that of normally hydrated people (Fig. 61). The higher the degree of dehydration, the higher the body temperature during work. With dehydration with a loss of 3% of body weight, the activity of the sweat glands decreases.

ABOUT One of the most important negative consequences of dehydration is a decrease in blood plasma volume. During working dehydration with a loss of 4% of body weight, plasma volume decreases by 16-18%. Accordingly, the volume of circulating blood decreases, which leads to a decrease in venous return and, as a consequence, a drop in systolic volume. To compensate for the latter, heart rate increases (see Fig. 61). Another consequence of a decrease in blood plasma volume is hemoconcentration with an increase in hematocrit and blood viscosity, which increases the load on the heart and may reduce its performance.

ABOUT One of the severe consequences of large loss of body water is a decrease in the volume of intercellular (tissue) and intracellular fluids. In cells with reduced water content and altered electrolyte balance, normal vital functions are disrupted. This, in particular, applies to skeletal and cardiac muscles, the contractility of which can be significantly reduced under conditions of dehydration.

F the physiological mechanisms that control the maintenance of normal water-salt balance throughout the body and its water spaces are diverse. A decrease in plasma water content increases the concentration of electrolytes and other substances in it, which leads to an increase in plasma osmotic pressure. During work, the osmolarity of blood plasma also continuously increases due to the release of low molecular weight metabolic products and potassium ions from active muscle cells into the blood. As a result, part of the fluid moves from the intercellular (tissue) spaces into the vessels, replenishing plasma loss. Thanks to this, it is possible to restore the plasma volume and maintain it at a relatively constant level after a period of decline at the beginning of work. As thermal dehydration develops (as opposed to working dehydration), the plasma volume continuously decreases.

At At high external temperatures, as a result of increased skin blood flow, intense filtration of fluid occurs from the skin capillaries into the extravascular (tissue) spaces of the skin. This leads to intensive leaching of protein, which is relatively abundant in these spaces, into the lymph flow and from there into the circulatory system. The transition of protein into the blood increases its oncotic pressure, which causes increased adsorption of water into the blood capillaries from the intercellular (extravascular) water spaces, thus helping to maintain the volume of circulating plasma (blood). The leaching of protein from the skin tissue spaces into the blood automatically compensates for the increased loss of Water in the blood plasma caused by intense sweating.

In During the performance of muscular work, renal blood flow decreases, and the more, the higher the intensity of work (Fig. 62) and, within certain limits, the higher the temperature and humidity. In parallel, although to a lesser extent, the rate of water filtration in the renal glomeruli decreases, i.e., the rate of urine formation decreases. A decrease in renal blood flow and rate of urine formation when working in hot conditions increases water retention by the kidneys (antidiuresis). One mechanism for this delay is increased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland in response to a decrease in plasma volume (dehydration) and an increase in its osmolarity.

IN An important additional source of sweating during muscle work is water bound to glycogen - “endogenous” water, which is released when glycogen is broken down. For every gram of glycogen, 2.7 g of water is associated. Thus, glycogenolysis is not only a source of energy for contracting muscles, but also an additional source of water for the working body.

G The main role in replenishing water losses as a result of increased sweating during prolonged intense muscular work (especially in hot conditions) is played by the intake of liquids - drinking water or aqueous solutions during and after work.

At When water is lost through sweat, the body also loses some minerals (salts). Compared to other liquids, sweat is a highly dilute aqueous solution. The concentration of sodium and chlorine ions in it is approximately 1/3 of their concentration in plasma and 1/5 in muscles. Thus, sweat is a hypotonic solution compared to blood plasma. The ionic concentration of sweat varies greatly between individuals and is highly dependent on the rate of sweating and the state of thermal acclimation.

WITH With an increase in the rate of sweating, the concentration of sodium and chlorine ions in sweat increases, the concentration of calcium ions decreases, and the concentration of potassium and magnesium ions does not change. Consequently, during prolonged hard work (for example, during a marathon run), the athlete loses through sweat mainly sodium and chloride ions, i.e. those ions that are found mainly in the fluid of the extracellular spaces - plasma and tissue fluid. These are the main electrolytes that determine more than others osmotic pressure plasma and tissue fluids, which means the volume of extracellular fluid in the body. The losses of potassium and magnesium ions associated with the intracellular water space are significantly less.

WITH However, it should be kept in mind that sweat leaves relatively more water than electrolytes (salts). Therefore, with a general decrease in the content of electrolytes, their concentration in body fluids increases. Consequently, during prolonged heavy sweating, the body's need for water replacement is greater than for the immediate restoration of electrolytes.

P The loss of electrolytes in the urine during muscular work is usually very insignificant, since the formation of urine during this period is reduced, and the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules is enhanced, which ensures a delay in the excretion of sodium ions in the urine. Important role In this process, an increase in renin activity and aldosterone concentration in the blood plasma plays a role (Fig. 63). Insufficient blood supply to the kidneys when working in hot conditions can enhance these mechanisms of sodium retention in the body. Such a delay helps maintain the body’s water balance, since the volume plasma and the rest of the extracellular fluid is proportional to the content of sodium ions in them.

P renal vasoconstriction and increased body temperature when working in hot conditions cause increased permeability of the renal glomeruli, as a result of which protein may appear in the urine (working lrotheinuria).