home Thyroid Symptoms and treatment of exacerbation of chronic gastritis. Which gastritis often causes exacerbations. Why does it worsen?

Symptoms and treatment of exacerbation of chronic gastritis. Which gastritis often causes exacerbations. Why does it worsen?

Among the diseases gastrointestinal tract gastritis is in first place in terms of prevalence. Doctors attribute this to an unhealthy lifestyle: poor quality nutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking and constant stress, which is actually the norm for people of our time. But in most cases, exacerbation chronic gastritis still occurs due to the food a person eats.

Like any other chronic disease, gastritis is progressive, occurring with periods of remission and exacerbation. More often this happens in the spring and summer, when patients do not follow the doctor’s recommendations and begin to consume uncontrollably. fresh fruits or vegetables. And these products are large quantities definitely cause damage to sick stomachs.

Main causes of the disease

Chronic gastritis is a sluggish inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the stomach, provoking its degeneration: it atrophies, transforms into connective tissue, and the functioning of his glands is disrupted. As a result, the secretion of gastric juice and the motor function of the organ deteriorate, which cannot but affect well-being.

The pathology in question occurs in people of all ages. During the active phase there occurs acute inflammation mucous membrane of the stomach wall, which causes pain and other painful symptoms. This disease is caused by many factors, but among the main reasons doctors name the following:

Helicobacter pylori infection.
Strict or unbalanced diet.
Consumption of low quality products.
Stress, lack of sleep.
Hypothermia (hypothermia).
Frequent food poisoning.
Overeating, when a person gets up from the table with a heaviness in the stomach.
Suppression of the immune system.
Intestinal microorganisms.

These factors have a negative impact on health and cause serious disorders Gastrointestinal tract.

First symptoms

In all people, signs of exacerbation manifest themselves differently, which is associated with the degree of damage to the mucous membrane. Some people are constantly tormented by unbearable pain in the epigastrium, for others it is moderate and occurs periodically. General symptoms exacerbations of gastritis include:

Feeling of heaviness, fullness in the upper abdomen on the left.
Pain in the stomach area that occurs after eating.
Regurgitation, belching and heartburn.
Nausea, sometimes vomiting.
Bitter taste in the mouth.
Constipation followed by diarrhea.
Blood in stool.
Dulling of the feeling of hunger.
Uncontrolled weight loss.

During exacerbation of the disease, the patient may also experience asthenic syndrome. It is expressed in dizziness, fatigue, nervousness, mood instability and sleep disturbances. In any case, you need to visit a gastroenterologist. He will prescribe a comprehensive examination, and based on the results he will be able to select an individual course of treatment.

Gastritis with high acidity

With this type of pathology, inflammation of the gastric mucosa is accompanied by hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid, which causes acidification. This process always comes with complications. Acute chronic gastritis is manifested by the following symptoms:

Pain and burning in the epigastric zone.
Heartburn, nausea, belching.
Decreased appetite.
The presence of blood clots in stool and vomit.
Weight reduction.
Dehydration (low urine output and extreme thirst).

Gastritis with low acidity

The condition is called atrophic and is characterized by limited secretion of hydrochloric acid. Accompanied by the following symptoms:

Pain, heaviness in the stomach area.
Belching, foul odor from mouth.
Periodic diarrhea and constipation.
Flatulence, bloating with rumbling.
Increased sweating, drowsiness.

Accurate diagnosis

After detecting the first symptoms, the patient should contact a medical institution to establish the picture of the pathology. There is a series of laboratory tests and special instrumental tests that can be used to diagnose worsened chronic gastritis:

General analysis of urine and stool.
Blood tests (clinical, biochemistry).
(FGDS), fibrogastroduodenoscopy.
Tests to detect infections, including Helicobacter pylori.
Duodenal sounding.
Histology of gastric mucosa.
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

When self-medication is dangerous

Therapy that is not agreed upon with a doctor carries a certain threat during exacerbation of gastritis. Even the means traditional medicine may make the problem worse. Incompatibility with medications, non-compliance with dosage - all these conditions can provoke the development of complications.

In addition, in case of severe exacerbation, urgent hospitalization is required, since ulcers, erosions, and bleeding wounds form on the walls of the organ. And they carry a certain risk of transforming gastritis in the acute stage into stomach cancer. In this state against the background general weakness in humans:

More severe pain that lasts longer than usual.
Well distinguishable bloody discharge in vomit.
Change in color of stool due to blood entering the intestines.

If such symptoms occur, you should immediately call an ambulance. Before the ambulance arrives, you should not take any medications. It is better to lie on your side, bending your knees and pulling them towards you. Take painkillers only on the recommendation of a doctor.

Treatment of exacerbation of gastritis

The main therapy for chronic forms of pathology is prescribed by a gastroenterologist. Only he can determine the need for medications and adjust nutrition taking into account the acidity of gastric juice. Therefore, the first thing you should do when you see the initial manifestations of gastritis is to visit a medical facility as soon as possible.

Therapy in adults always begins with rinsing digestive tract. The procedure is unpleasant, but necessary, since you need to cleanse the stomach of the remnants of undigested harmful mass. In the first three days you can only eat porridge with water and jelly. Next, the diet includes lean meat and steamed vegetables. After such preparatory activities complex treatment begins.

Drugs and dosage regimens

Medicines for gastritis are prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the form of the disease and the level of acidity. Before the beginning drug effects it is necessary to stop taking NSAIDs, as they irritate the gastric mucosa. Primary therapy includes the following groups of drugs:

Antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Omeprazole).
Means to reduce the amount of gas in the intestines (Espumizan).
Analgesics (No-Shpa, Baralgin, Nurofen, Papaverine).
Prokinetics (Motilium, Phosphalugel, Cerucal).
Anti-vomiting tablets (Betagistin, Dimenhydrinate, Vertigohel).
Antihistamines (Suprastin, Zyrtec).
Antacids (Almagel, Gaviscon, Smectite).
Motility medications to normalize the nervous system.

Treatment with drugs also involves taking proton pump inhibitors (Omez, Nolpaza, Peptazol). Such remedies cope with pain during periods of exacerbation of the disease. In combination with them, gastroprotectors are prescribed (De-Nol, Venter), which create a protective film in the stomach and prevent irritation of the mucous membrane.

In case of low acidity, or if hydrochloric acid is not secreted at all, the drug Acidin-pepsin is prescribed. And in the spring, during exacerbation atrophic gastritis The drug course of therapy is supplemented with natural gastric juice. Erosive lesions of the organ are often accompanied by the development of anemia, which requires taking iron-containing medications.

With antral gastritis, acidity increases. To reduce its concentration, antisecretory substances are prescribed that prevent corrosion of the mucous epithelium of the organ (Rennie, Maalox, Omeprazole). After pain is relieved, when the acute phase has safely passed, the patient is prescribed enzymes to normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (Festal, Panzinorm, Creon).

All medications should be prescribed only by a gastroenterologist. The specialist sets a certain dose, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. During therapy, he may change the treatment regimen, so it is important to listen to his recommendations.

Folk remedies

Effective alternative methods therapy can be used in the treatment of exacerbation of gastritis as an auxiliary measure, but only with the permission of a doctor.

Potato (carrot) juice

Peel the vegetables and wash thoroughly.
Grind with a grater and squeeze the juice out of the pulp.
Drink 100 ml of the finished drink fresh 1 hour before meals three times a day.
The course of treatment is 1 week.

Elekempana decoction

Dried roots, 20 g, pour 250 ml of boiling water.
Simmer the mixture on fire for 20 minutes.
Drink the resulting broth 15 ml three times a day before meals.

Banana "tea"

Dried fruit, 10 g pour 1 tbsp. boiling water.
Simmer for 10 minutes, then filter.
Drink 15 ml of the prepared decoction three times a day, on an empty stomach.

Diet

Proper nutrition will help cure exacerbation of gastritis. Drug therapy in combination with dietary adjustments is an important step on the path to recovery. However, when choosing products, it is necessary to take into account the level of acidity. In addition, any form of gastritis requires compliance healthy image life and giving up bad habits (nicotine, alcohol). Such actions will help restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

With increased acidity in the stage acute pain It is necessary to exclude some foods from the diet:

Stimulating the secretion of hydrochloric acid (cabbage, tomatoes, citrus fruits, grapes, fish and meat broths, coffee).
Irritating the wall of the gastric mucosa (pork, fatty foods in vinegar, spices, smoked, cold and hot dishes, soft carbonated drinks).

The daily menu should contain products that reduce the concentration of hydrochloric acid and help improve the patient’s condition:

Dairy products.
Variety of cereals.
Pasta and vermicelli.
Dietary meat (chicken, rabbit, turkey, beef).
Jelly, juices and compotes based on non-acidic fruits.

If hydrochloric acid levels are underestimated or it is not produced, this type of food is excluded from the diet:

Spicy dishes.
Smoked meats and fatty meats (pork).
Carbonated drinks.
Biscuit, flour products.
Sweets, including chocolate.

To improve the condition digestive system, the following products are included in the diet:

Treatment of exacerbation during pregnancy

Carrying a child - difficult process, which can provoke complications of chronic diseases, including gastritis. Along with hormonal changes, provoking factors are:

Toxicosis, infections.
Severe stress for the body.
The need to take certain medications.
Following a diet for pregnant women.

Symptoms of the disease in women during gestation are the same as in ordinary people. But with hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid, serious disorders often occur. With low acidity, there is a pronounced heaviness in the stomach.

Treatment methods for gastritis in pregnant women are very limited, which is due to the ban on many medications during this period. Nutritional correction will help improve the condition of a pregnant woman. You need to eat food up to 7 times a day in small portions. Fried, spicy, smoked, fatty foods, as well as spices and pickles. It is useful to limit the consumption of sweets, especially sugar and chocolate. The daily diet should include light meals, hot milk and soups.

Gastritis is considered the most common gastrointestinal disease. Therefore, it is not surprising that patients often experience a deterioration in their condition. Today we will talk about what provokes exacerbation of gastritis, the symptoms of which are serious causes for concern.

The disease undoubtedly affects a person’s life, but what does the seasonal exacerbation of gastritis hide? There are a number of classic signs that will help the doctor diagnose correct diagnosis and select the necessary drug therapy. Knowing the main causes of the disease will help you adjust your lifestyle and motivate you to treat associated pathologies.

Main causes of exacerbation

A person suffering from this disease must know what causes an exacerbation of chronic gastritis. Do you think French fries or other fast food, spices and smoked foods can be the “culprit” for pain and poor health? You are mistaken, because not only food can lead to an escalation (exacerbation) of the disease.

Common reasons include:

More often, people suffer from exacerbation of gastritis not because they ate tasty junk food once every six months, but because they did not regularly eat correct mode and diet.

Symptoms

Signs of escalating gastrointestinal disease can be either temporary or permanent. For example, when chronic form gastritis, aggravated symptoms bother a person throughout the day. The most common signs indicating deterioration and dysfunction of the stomach include the following:

Acute or cutting pain in the stomach, extending into left rib. In this case, discomfort occurs both before or after eating, and during. Often a person with chronic gastritis has a stomach ache at night. The sensations intensify when walking and during intense physical training.
Feeling of heaviness in the stomach.
Cardiopalmus.
Weakness throughout the body and constant fatigue (a picture is likely when a person finds it difficult to carry out daily tasks - for example, going to work).
Increased secretion of saliva.
Bad breath (do not forget that this symptom also signals dental problems; therefore, take into account other signs of gastritis in the acute stage).
Belching with a sour aftertaste (as a rule, patients with a disease characterized by increased production of hydrochloric acid).
Bloating and gas.
Regular constipation alternating with indigestion.
Weight loss without visible reasons. Usually a person complains of decreased appetite, but this symptom is not observed in every patient.
During exacerbation there may be a fever. An increase in indicators occurs at the onset of the disease and indicates an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract.

It must be said that some signs of exacerbation of gastritis appear with a certain acidity of the stomach. For example, with increased production of hydrochloric acid, the patient may complain of severe nausea and vomiting (usually after this unpleasant process the person feels dry mouth and thirsty).

Sometimes some “symptoms” of exacerbation actually indicate appendicitis or even banal spasms. That is why the diagnosis should be trusted to the doctor. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate.

When to go to the doctor

Almost every person has experienced a gastrointestinal disorder at least once in their life. Typically, most cases of dyspepsia are short-lived and do not require medical attention. However, if the symptoms and signs of exacerbation of gastritis last more than 5-7 days, then you should not postpone going to the doctor.

Immediately go to a specialist to diagnose the disease if blood is present in the vomit and stool. The same should be done if the feces turn black.

What could be the consequences?

Exacerbation of gastritis in a chronic form is not a joke at all. If you do not consult a doctor in time and do not start treatment, then it is quite possible that an ulcer will form, abdominal bleeding or erosive lesions may occur.

An advanced exacerbation also causes:

stomach deformation;
gastroduodenitis;
obstruction in the digestive organs;
anemia that develops due to a lack of iron in the body;
pyloric stenosis.

Some forms of pathology can increase the risk of stomach cancer.

How is diagnostics carried out?

If a patient regularly consults doctors for pain caused by gastritis of any type: chronic atrophic, hyperacid or antral, then to make a diagnosis it is enough to take biochemical and clinical blood and urine tests. In some cases, a breath test for Helicobacter pylori will be required.

If you are going to a gastroenterologist for the first time, then you will not be able to avoid fibrogastroendoscopy (traditional or capsule). This type of examination will help the doctor determine whether the patient has chronic illness, he suffers from low or high stomach acidity. Only after a complete examination will the doctor be able to choose a treatment regimen.

Remember that sometimes illness (this especially applies to chronic erosive gastritis) disguises itself as intestinal infections, ulcers and other diseases associated with dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. In such cases, the doctor will prescribe a number of examinations: ultrasound, polymerase chain reaction, stool analysis for hidden blood impurities and others.

How to treat the disease

With exacerbation of gastritis in adults and children, any drug therapy is carried out strictly under the supervision of a doctor, since there are no universal treatment regimens. Depending on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the diagnostic results obtained, the doctor will choose the appropriate option:

Antibacterial therapy. It is simply necessary when the body is colonized with Helicobacter pylori. Scientists have long proven that the bacterium causes not only gastritis, but also stomach and duodenal ulcers. As a rule, the duration of treatment is 10-14 days. It is recommended to take a follow-up test a month later to understand whether the therapy prescribed by the doctor is effective.
Treatment of chronic gastritis in the acute phase with the help of eliminating characteristic features- heartburn and sour belching. This group of drugs increases the effectiveness of other medications, relieves pain and promotes the regeneration of the gastric mucosa. The most popular antacids include: Maalox (available both in the form of tablets and suspensions), Almagel and the bismuth preparation De-Nol.
For the treatment of gastritis with high acid Doctors may also prescribe medications such as Famotidine, Ranitidine or Gastropin. With low acidity, medications are prescribed that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid.
To help the pancreas, they are prescribed to improve digestion (Mezim, Creon, Pangrol).
Treatment at home with hormonal medications necessary during exacerbation of an autoimmune type of disease.
In addition, in many cases, doctors make an appointment aids: lactobacilli, antispasmodics, choleretic drugs etc.

Poor health in autumn and spring is associated with a lack of essential microelements. Therefore, it would be useful to ask your doctor which vitamins are acceptable to take during an escalation.

First aid

Of course, an exacerbation caused by the above reasons can occur at any time. It is advisable to keep the necessary painkillers on hand at all times. But sometimes severe discomfort in the stomach, caused by an illness, takes a person by surprise. And here it is important to know how to relieve pain.

First aid for exacerbation of gastritis may be as follows:

Lie on your side with your knees bent. This pose will relax the abdominal muscles, and the pain will become less pronounced. It is recommended to remain in this position for 15-20 minutes.
If you are suffering from paroxysmal nausea, then slowly dissolve a piece of lemon or an ice cube in your mouth. It is worth saying that the citrus method is more suitable for people with low stomach acidity.
Do not forget that exacerbation of gastritis is closely related to the functioning of the nervous system. Therefore, after quenching stomach pain, it is recommended to drink motherwort tincture or a cup of mint tea.

Menu during the acute period: prohibited foods

The diet during an exacerbation mainly consists of eliminating foods that provoke worsening of the disease. So, the list of taboo products:

mushrooms (exert a serious burden on the gastrointestinal tract);
milk and eggs (other dairy products will be very useful - especially in the case of gastritis with low acidity);
ice cream and cold drinks (do not forget that food at extreme temperatures irritates the mucous membranes);
any spices;
sorrel and spinach (their use is unacceptable for gastritis with low acidity);
other harmful things: alcohol, morning espresso, smoked and pickled foods, fast food.

How to treat during pregnancy

Due to anatomical changes in a woman’s body during gestation, many expectant mothers complain of an exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases. And here doctors find themselves in a difficult position. After all, most of the medications are not recommended for use except homeopathic medicines. And even those should be used only after permission female doctor and a thorough examination of the patient's medical history.

Often exacerbation of gastritis caused by hormonal changes, also occurs in nursing mothers. As a rule, many of them choose a treatment regimen that preserves breast milk and natural feeding. In this case, the doctor prescribes bicarbonate healing waters(to normalize the acid balance), as well as taking Sucralfate for breastfeeding. This tool can protect the gastric mucosa from harmful effects hydrochloric acid and other aggressors.

Some drugs are successfully used to alleviate the condition of patients with chronic gastritis, but are contraindicated in pregnant women. For example, Misoprostol, which has antisecretory activity, leads to partial or complete abortion. Treatment with Methotrexate, which has a cytotoxic effect on the body, is also prohibited during pregnancy.

Chronic gastritis in the acute stage is a serious pathology. We remind you that this disease cannot be treated on your own. Be sure to contact a specialist who, based on the test results, will help you understand what exactly caused the exacerbation and select an appropriate treatment regimen.

Classmates

With an exacerbation of a disease such as gastritis, a number of unpleasant symptoms, which significantly spoil the usual way of life. Similar phenomenon observed today quite often, especially among the young population. Most often, exacerbation attacks make themselves felt in the autumn, since at this time of year there is a cold snap, which, in turn, provokes a narrowing of blood vessels, and this is one of the main causes of spasmodic pain in the gastrointestinal tract.

In autumn, people eat a lot of raw fruits, vegetables, and berries. This can provoke a seasonal exacerbation of the inflammatory process that occurs in the gastric mucosa. Relapses can also occur at other times of the year. The development of inflammation is influenced by a number of different factors. It is important to know how exacerbation of gastritis manifests itself and what to do to avoid it.

When gastritis worsens, a person experiences a number of unpleasant symptoms. Chronic gastritis is considered long lasting inflammatory process mucous membrane of the digestive organ. With exacerbation there is development.

Development acute condition observed for several hours. At that time human body directs its forces to mobilize protective cells and attract them to the affected part of the hollow organ. The main purpose of cells is to neutralize and detoxify pathogenic microorganisms, present in the stomach cavity, which provokes the development of exacerbation. During the period of exacerbation, the entire the immune system person. In this case, consultation with a competent doctor is required.

In most cases, exacerbation is observed in spring and autumn, since at this time the immune system weakens and temperature changes are observed. Constriction of blood vessels provokes spasms, and the full process of supplying vitamins and minerals to the body is disrupted. internal organs. Of the endogenous factors that provoke exacerbation of the disease, it should be noted chronic pathologies. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori can also contribute to the occurrence of the disease.

Causes of exacerbation of gastritis:

poor nutrition and overeating;
food poisoning;
fatigue and stressful situations;
lack of sleep, hypothermia;
unbalanced diet;
abuse of nicotine, alcoholic beverages;
the presence of autoimmune processes in the body.

For treatment, a combined approach is used, namely a combination of diet therapy, medications and folk remedies.

Clinical picture of exacerbation of the inflammatory process

Symptoms of this period directly depends on the form, severity, stage of the disease, immunity and general well-being. Manifestations can be pronounced or weak. In some cases, hospitalization in a hospital is required.

Clinical picture of exacerbation of gastritis:

nausea;
heartburn;
pain that intensifies after a meal;
belching having bad taste, foul odor;
diarrhea or constipation;
vomit contains inclusions of green and yellow color;
excessive dryness in oral cavity or excessive salivation.

The following can be noted associated symptoms exacerbation of gastritis of the stomach:

severe weakness and fatigue;
chills;
increased heart rate;
dizziness and headaches;
increase, decrease in body temperature.

Body temperature deserves special attention. It can remain within acceptable limits. If inflammation is observed, the temperature may increase slightly. If a person experiences intoxication of the body, then it falls.

Relapse can provoke the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions on the stomach walls. They are indicated by symptoms such as: black stool, vomiting blood, painful sensations one and a half hours after eating. Such a clinical picture may signal the development of dangerous complications. Urgent medical attention is required.

The duration of the acute period depends on the reasons for its development. If an exacerbation occurs due to poor nutrition, it will take several days to normalize the functioning of the secretory glands. Basically, such cases are treated with diet; medications are not used. If the provocateur is bacteria, then therapy lasts at least fourteen days and hospitalization in an inpatient department will be required.

Features of first aid and treatment during exacerbation

If an acute period develops, emergency assistance may be needed. Buy severe pain will help antispasmodics that the doctor prescribes. If you don’t have such remedies at hand, take the fetal position; this action will help calm down the pain. You should lie down for at least thirty minutes to achieve desired effect and relief. If the pain does not subside, then to the area solar plexus You can apply cold.

A small lemon drop or a piece of ice will help get rid of painful nausea. If an exacerbation occurs against the background nervous overstrain, you need to take sedatives. You can use valerian or motherwort. If bloody vomiting and black stools appear, call an ambulance immediately.

Currently, many have been developed medications, restoring the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The medication regimen must be prescribed by a gastroenterologist. Self-medication is prohibited.

There are two groups of painkillers: antispasmodics and antacids. Antacids relieve acid effects. They contain aluminum and magnesium. When they enter the digestive system, there is a neutralization of excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and coating of the mucous membrane, which helps relieve heartburn and vomiting.

Popular antacid drugs:

Maalox;
Rennie;
Phosphalugel.

Antispasmodics help cope with intense pain. In this situation, it is worth noting injections, No-shpa (drotverin) tablets. They can be used at home and in the hospital.

Anti-inflammatory medications will also be needed. In cases of increased acidity, proton pump inhibitors are prescribed to reduce acidity levels. These medications include: Omez, Omeprazole and Pantoprozole. They also take antisecretory drugs that increase the rate of mucus production, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Basically, these are Kvamatel, Ranitidine.

The exacerbation period occurs suddenly and is characterized by unpleasant intense clinical picture. If you detect suspicious symptoms, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor to avoid complications.

Gastritis, like any disease with chronic course, has stages of exacerbation and remission. Some forms of this chronic disease very dangerous, they can cause stomach ulcer or cancer. Exacerbation of chronic gastritis – common occurrence and causes a lot of problems, therefore, when symptoms of the disease occur, treatment is prescribed to alleviate the exacerbation stage.

Chronic gastritis in children and adults is a sluggish inflammation of the gastric mucosa and submucosa with a recurrent process. During the process of inflammation, the mucous membrane atrophies, transforming into connective tissue, and glands malfunction, which can involve various parts of the stomach. The severity of symptoms depends on the cause of the disease and the size of the lesion. Signs of exacerbation of chronic gastritis strongly resemble a stomach ulcer.

There are several types of chronic gastritis. They are determined by localization, when different parts of the organ are affected by inflammation:

antral (upper, superficial, distal) - type B gastritis, characterized by high acidity. ;
fundal (lower);
pangastritis ( mixed type), when the antrum and fundus parts of the stomach are affected. In turn, this type of disease can be divided into focal and diffuse.

In addition, all parts of the organ can be affected, then we are talking about diffuse obstructive gastritis.

By origin they distinguish:

bacterial. The cause is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
medicinal (reactive), which occurs while taking various medications;
autoimmune - occurs when the walls of an organ are damaged by various substances produced by the body itself;
endogenous - manifests itself as a consequence of other diseases;
reflux gastritis - occurs when the contents of the duodenum are thrown into the stomach.

By degree of acidity:

with high acidity;
with low acidity;
with normal acidity (normacid).

According to the nature of damage to organ tissue:

hyperplastic (the stomach wall grows and becomes thicker).
atrophic - gastritis “A” type, in which the wall of the organ degenerates into another tissue and becomes thinner.

According to the degree of inflammation:

moderate;
expressed.

Causes and risk factors of chronic gastritis

The occurrence of a chronic type of disease can be caused by many reasons:

Helicobacter pylori infection in the human body is the main cause;
frequent food poisoning;
binge eating;
too strict or unbalanced diet;
hypothermia (hypothermia);
consumption of low quality products;
weak immunity;
intestinal microorganisms.

Exacerbation of the chronic type of disease often occurs against the background of changes in diet and alcohol consumption.

Also, factors that contribute to the occurrence of the acute phase of the disease include:

smoking;
influence of toxic substances;
unhealthy diet (eating too hot or cold foods, abuse of unhealthy types of food - fast food, fatty, fried, spicy, salty foods, long intervals between meals);
non-compliance with doctor's orders;
formation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis;
food allergies;
stressful situations;
acute infectious diseases;
the use of toxic drugs, antibiotics, cytostatics that irritate the mucous membrane.

Remember! Exacerbations of chronic gastritis occur more often in spring and autumn due to changes in diet.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chronic gastritis vary depending on the causes that led to its occurrence, the degree of damage to the mucous membrane and other factors.

Common symptoms are:

a feeling of heaviness and fullness in the abdomen (in the upper left part);
sudden weight loss for no apparent reason;
pain in the stomach area that occurs after eating;
heartburn, belching, bitter taste in the mouth;
alternating constipation and diarrhea;
the presence of blood in the stool;
nausea, sometimes vomiting;
irritability, weakness, fatigue.

Pain in the heart area may also sometimes be observed, and blood pressure may drop.

For chronic gastritis with different levels acidity may present the following symptoms:

Gastritis with high acidity (pH)	Gastritis with low acidity
Decreased appetite	Flatulence, rumbling in the stomach
Weight loss	Alternating constipation and diarrhea
Pain and burning in the epigastric region	Increased sweating
Heartburn, belching, nausea	Drowsiness
Presence of blood clots in stool	Pain and heaviness in the stomach area
Dehydration (low urine output and extreme thirst)	Belching and bad smell from mouth

How does the exacerbation phase proceed and what are its symptoms?

An exacerbation of a chronic type of disease is characterized by an increase in the main symptoms and pain with the following signs:

occurs on an empty stomach or several hours after eating;
its intensity decreases after the use of antacids and proton pump blockers;
comes in different intensities;
felt in the epigastric region.

When pain is felt on the right, this indicates damage to the pyloric region. With exacerbation of gastritis with erosions, bleeding may occur, loose stool almost black in color and vomiting like coffee grounds.

IN severe cases shock may develop. During the exacerbation period, the development of an anemic syndrome is typical, manifested by pale skin, apathy, shortness of breath, heart pain, dry and brittle hair and nails, decreased performance and arterial hypotension.

If the disease often worsens, this leads to indigestion and hypovitaminosis. With the autoimmune etiology of the disease, neurological syndromes may occur: darkening of the eyes, numbness of the extremities, tinnitus, dizziness, changeable mood. When examined in the acute stage, a coating on the tongue is often observed.

Danger of exacerbation

Patients with frequent exacerbations (active phase) should be under the supervision of a gastroenterologist.

IN pronounced highly active gastritis is dangerous because without adequate treatment complications may arise such as:

ulcer;
ahilia;
hypovitaminosis;
gastroduodenitis;
nutritional dystrophy;
bleeding;
B12-iron deficiency anemia;
pyloric stenosis;
hemorrhagic shock;
obstruction or deformation of the stomach.

The initial stage of the development of the disease, when the symptoms of gastritis are mild and inactive, are not always clearly recognized, but treatment at this stage is more successful than in advanced stages, in a precancerous state.

Remember! The most dangerous complication is malignancy - a condition when atypical cells appear. This situation requires surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

Some symptoms of the disease are similar to those of ulcers, pancreatitis, enteritis or food poisoning. Therefore, it is carried out differential diagnosis with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, esophagitis, diaphragmatic hernia, tumors.

Diagnosis of chronic gastritis is carried out using the following instrumental and laboratory methods:

analysis for the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
general and biochemical blood test;
analysis of stool for occult blood;
linked immunosorbent assay;
endoscopic examination;
polymerase chain reaction;
manometry;
FGDS and taking biopsy samples for histology;
radiography with contrast.

How to treat the disease during an exacerbation period

Drug treatment consists of taking a complex medicines, which are selected by the attending physician based on the form of the disease and acidity. For the hyperacid form, the following are prescribed:

proton pump and histamine receptor blockers;
somatostatin analogues;
antacids;
antispasmodics and analgesics;
gastroprotectors;
antibiotics.

If B12 iron deficiency anemia occurs, hormones (corticosteroids) may be prescribed.

First aid for exacerbation of the disease

To relieve pain and spasms, drugs in tablets are used: “No-shpa”, “Papaverine”, “Drotaverine”. Great importance during treatment, proton pump blockers are used: “Sanpraz”, “Pariet”, “Omez”, “Nolpaza” and others. They help remove pain syndrome during exacerbation. Medicines used are antacids that quickly neutralize hydrochloric acid: Gaviscon, Almagel, Phosphalugel, Maalox. Together with them, gastroprotectors are prescribed - “De-Nol” and others; they create a protective film on the mucous membrane.

If the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is present in the body, antibiotics from the group of macrolides, cephalosporins, and protected penicillins are used.

To improve the motor function of the stomach and intestines, the prokinetic agent Motilium is prescribed.

For hypoacid gastritis and the absolute absence of hydrochloric acid, Acidin-Pepsin is used.

If there is an exacerbation of atrophic gastritis, then the treatment includes the use of natural gastric juice.

If anemia occurs against the background of mucosal erosions, iron supplements are prescribed. To stabilize digestion, the enzymes Panzinorm, Creon, and Festal are prescribed, but they are contraindicated in the acute stage. They should be taken after pain relief.

Diet during exacerbation

When the disease worsens, an important component of the treatment regimen is a diet that can be followed at home. Patients are advised to exclude from the diet:

alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
coffee;
spicy, fatty, smoked foods;
mushrooms;
fresh fruits and vegetables;
canned food, pickles;
fresh baked goods;
spicy ketchups, mustard, sauces, seasonings.

It is recommended to eat food 5-6 times a day in small portions. It is not recommended to eat it dry. Vegetables are allowed to be eaten boiled; bananas are allowed as fruit. All food should be at room temperature, pureed or semi-liquid. The diet should be followed during the period of exacerbation of the disease for a month; after the exacerbation subsides, lean meat, fish, milk, and cottage cheese can be introduced into the diet.

During exacerbation of atrophic gastritis, attention should be paid to increasing the secretion of hydrochloric acid; for this, sweet and sour fruits and berries must be introduced into the diet.

At different types illnesses, the diet is slightly different and lasts for different times:

for gastritis with normal or increased secretion of gastric juice, diet No. 1a is prescribed (up to a week), after that - diet No. 16 (up to 2 weeks), and for 3 months - diet No. 1. With these diets, food is given to the patient in pureed or liquid form, vitamins are taken ( ascorbic acid, riboflavin). Alcohol, coffee, strong tea, spicy and fatty foods, canned food, legumes (beans, peas) are prohibited.
with insufficient gastric secretion, diet No. 2 is prescribed. Meals are fractional, food is well chopped and boiled, and the use of vegetable and meat broths, lean meat and fish, juices, coffee, tea stimulates secretory function when it is insufficient. Products rich in plant fiber are excluded from the diet: dough products, grapes, radishes, dates, spicy, smoked, very salty dishes, mushrooms, carbonated drinks, pickled vegetables, cold drinks. Whole milk, cream, buckwheat porridge and pearl barley, legumes.

During remission, the diet becomes less strict. Also in the remission stage, physiotherapy is carried out: phonophoresis, balneotherapy, electrophoresis. Spa treatment is recommended.

Prevention of exacerbations of gastritis

To prevent exacerbations of gastritis, the following recommendations should be followed:

do not drink alcohol, do not smoke;
do not drink carbonated drinks;
take medications prescribed by a doctor;
eat small meals, chew food thoroughly, dishes should be warm, eat porridge and soups every day;
avoid contact with various chemicals;
treat infectious diseases in a timely manner;
try to eliminate stressful situations;
exercise.

During the period of remission with increased or normal gastric secretion, you can drink mineral water“Borjomi”, “Slavyanovskaya”, “Moskovskaya”.