Autoimmune gastritis in a puppy. Gastritis in a dog. Reasons for the development of gastritis

Gastritis in dogs is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that develops due to mechanical or infectious irritation. Most often, the cause of the development of the disease is improper nutrition of the dog.

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, occurring in acute or chronic form. The acute form is accompanied by quite severe pain and impaired digestion of food.

Gastritis in dogs is often accompanied by vomiting and the digestion of food is disrupted.

The following types of gastritis are distinguished:

• Hyperacid – increased acidity.
• Hypoacid – neutral acidity.
• Anacidic - the juice is devoid of enzymes and of hydrochloric acid, resulting in food not being digested properly.
• Erosive - the mucous membrane is covered with erosions. Experts believe that the cause of this type is stress and intoxication. Most often, the disease develops in dogs living in cities.
• Eosinophilic - characterized by thickening of the walls of the stomach, the development of connective tissue, in which eosinophils predominate.
• Atrophic – thinning of the walls of the stomach.

A dog’s stomach problems begin if the owner does not follow the recommendations for organizing his diet.

Poor diet is the main cause of gastritis in dogs.

Feeding a dog fried foods, food with spices, overcooked, too cold or hot leads to the onset of inflammatory processes in the animal's intestines. Provoking factors are also the monotony of the menu, as this leads to problems with the formation of enzymes.

Gastritis often develops when feeding on cheap dry food. They contain dyes, preservatives and flavors that negatively affect the gastric mucosa.

Important. Eating food from the owners’ table is the first step to the development of gastritis.

Gastritis can also develop for the following reasons:

The acute form of the disease causes a depressed state of the dog and severe discomfort.

Externally, this manifests itself as the following signs:

If you experience vomiting with gastritis Brown, you should urgently show your pet to a doctor. This symptom indicates gastric bleeding.

Acute gastritis is easiest to diagnose because its signs are obvious.

Confirmation of the diagnosis requires a comprehensive examination of the dog:

• X-ray of the stomach.
• External inspection.
• Blood tests: general, biochemical.
• Analysis of urine.
• Endoscopic examination.

Treatment of gastritis is conservative and includes various measures.

If gastritis is suspected, the veterinarian will prescribe the following examinations: ultrasound, blood tests, endoscope examination.

Drug therapy

The drugs used depend on the acidity of gastric juice. If it is low, a mixture of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and water is prescribed (2 tablespoons of each component). For increased acidity, Almagel and Maalox are prescribed. Phosphalugel, enveloping the mucous membrane.

If the disease is caused by an infection or a pathogenic microflora is detected, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs (Levomycetin, Baytril, Cifran) are prescribed. Instead of antibiotics, sulfonamides are sometimes prescribed: Norsulfazole, Sulgin, Biseptol, Ftalazol, Etazol. The urge to vomit is relieved with the help of the drug Cerucal. To improve digestion, enzyme preparations are prescribed: Creon, Panzinorm, Mezim-forte, Bactisubtil, Lysosubtilin.

To improve digestion, the veterinarian prescribes enzyme preparations, such as Creon.

Pain syndromes are relieved with belladonna extract, Bellalgin, Bellastesin, Baralgin, Spazgan. To maintain immunity, immunoglobulins and gammaglobulins are used intramuscularly. Thymogen, Taktivin, Timoptin are also used as immunostimulants.

Important. If gastritis is accompanied by vomiting, in a hospital setting the dog is given a drip for dehydration. Ingredients and dose are prescribed individually

Therapeutic diet

The dog is fed in small portions. Dry food, fatty meat and fish are excluded from the diet.

For gastritis, veterinarians recommend feeding your dog a special diet, such as Hills i/d.

• In the first days in the morning, the pet is given decoctions with raw eggs.
• From the third day of the diet, liquid porridges are introduced into the diet: rice, rolled oats.
• Mucous decoctions, jelly, vegetable soups.
• The meat is given in the form of minced meat from the second week of treatment, mixed with semi-liquid porridge in water.
• In the morning, the dog is given fermented milk products and cottage cheese. Whole milk is contraindicated for dogs.
• Vegetables are served stewed or boiled.
• You should not give your pet bones, sausages, or sausages.
• Drinking water should be warm.
• Fresh vegetables and fruits are excluded from the diet during treatment.

Physiotherapy and mechanotherapy

To enhance the effect of using medications, massage the abdomen, place warm heating pads under the abdomen, and wrap the abdomen with a warm bandage (scarf, handkerchief).

Important. During treatment, the dog needs to be provided with a calm environment.

If gastritis starts, it becomes chronic. In this case, thickening of the gastric mucosa occurs in its lower part. Vomiting occurs most often at a stage of the disease when the stomach is blocked and food is retained in it. This form of the disease mainly occurs in small breeds between the ages of one and three years. Bulldogs suffer from this problem at the genetic level. Their congenital disease is called pyloronosterosis.

At chronic gastritis The dog experiences periodic vomiting and stomach discomfort.

Chronic gastritis manifests itself in the form of periodic vomiting, unpleasant odor from the mouth, periodic lack of appetite associated with stomach discomfort. Treatment begins with a transition to a gentle diet. The basis of the diet is boiled rice and low-fat cottage cheese. Products give in small doses 5-6 times a day. To relieve inflammation, histamine blockers are prescribed: Cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine.

Atrophic gastritis, characterized by thinning of the walls of the stomach, also has a chronic form. This form of gastritis may not appear when feeding dry food, but when eating raw meat The dog begins to have diarrhea and vomiting. In this regard, the disease may not be noticed in time, and it becomes latent.

After diagnostic study for atrophic gastritis, drugs that stimulate motor activity stomach - Metoclopramide. Erythromycin is used to relieve inflammation. This type of gastritis cannot be treated with H2-histamine receptor blockers, as this will aggravate the disease by suppressing secretion.

Good effect When treating chronic gastritis, homeopathic medicines are given.

Homeopathic medicines have a good effect in the treatment of chronic gastritis:

• – relieves inflammation in the stomach and intestines, normalizes their functioning. The drug is safe for dogs and its use is possible for all ages. Veracol restores intestinal motility and functional abilities of the mucous membrane, inhibits growth pathogenic microflora, has a beneficial effect on liver function.
• , stimulates the protective forces of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The drug restores metabolism in the body, stimulates regenerative processes in the liver, and stimulates intestinal function. Liarsin is a basic treatment for all types of gastritis in dogs.

The main thing in the prevention of gastritis is compliance with nutritional rules. The dog's diet should be balanced and include vitamin and mineral complexes. Any errors can cause illness.

To prevent gastritis, it is necessary to regularly deworm your dog.

If you choose the option of feeding dry food, you need to choose premium and super premium brands. They do not contain preservatives, dyes, flavors, and are made from natural ingredients. You need to feed your pet at the same time. Portions should be sufficient, but not excessive, to avoid overeating.

Regular combing of the animal's fur will prevent the stomach from filling with hair when licking the dog. will help to avoid poisoning your pet with waste products of worms.

Your pet should be shown to a doctor regularly. This will prevent many health problems, including gastritis.

The normal functioning of the dog’s digestive system is the key to it general health. Therefore, the owner should be attentive to the manifestations of symptoms of gastritis in the dog and begin therapy in a timely manner.

Gastritis in dogs, with the presumed etiology of bacteria of the genus Helicobacter

Diagnosis of gastritis
A common symptom is chronic vomiting. Diagnosis is carried out using gastroscopy and biopsy of the gastric mucosa, followed by microscopic examination of the biopsy. Bacteriological examination of gastric secretions or vomit can also identify pathogens. Differentiate with other types of gastritis, gastric neoplasms and pyloric stenosis.

Treatment
There is no single approach to treatment. Combinations of antibacterial agents are used: trichopolum in combination with amoxicillin. This combination enhances the bactericidal activity of each product.

Along with antibiotics and antacids, drugs that have an anti-ulcerogenic effect (drugs that protect the gastric mucosa from damage) are also prescribed, so-called gastroprotectors (vitamin U, de-nol, etc.). The course lasts at least 3 weeks.

The method of classical homeopathy, which can be used for this type of inflammation of the stomach, will eliminate the cause of the disease, and not just its consequences as bacteria of the genus Helicobacter, the role of which is very ambiguous. When selecting homeopathic remedy one should be guided not by the type of bacterium that is found in the gastric mucosa, but by the symptom complex of disorders, taking into account all modalities and constitutional characteristics of the animal. Only with this approach can the animal be completely cured.

Cause of illness: Non-contagious
Localization: Digestive organs
Course of the disease: Chronic

Eosinophilic gastritis in dogs and cats

Eosinophilic gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach, characterized by infiltration (accumulation) of eosinophils in its mucous membrane.

Antigens coming from outside react with group E immunoglobulins fixed on mast cells, which leads to cell destruction, which is accompanied by the release of a number of products that are mediators allergic reaction(histamine), including chemoattractants of eosinophils. Subsequently, eosinophils release a number of substances that lead to damage to surrounding tissues, in particular the stomach. In addition, eosinophils can activate mast cells and initiate aggravation of alterative processes.

Other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are often involved, and in cats the liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands and heart are also involved.

Eosinophilic gastritis is found more often in dogs than in cats. The most susceptible to the disease are German Shepherds and Shar-Peis. The disease can manifest itself at any age, but most often before 3.5 - younger than 5 years. In cats, the disease occurs at the age of 1.5-11 years, most often around 8 years.

Diagnostics
The history often includes periodic vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. Most cats with eosinophilic gastritis and/or gastroenteritis will have blood in the stool or as melena (black clotted blood). Physical examination reveals a decrease in body weight. In cases where the cause of the disease is hypereosinophilia syndrome, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, hepato- and splenomegaly may be detected. In cats, palpation may reveal thickening and dilation of intestinal loops.

Laboratory diagnostics
A general blood test can detect eosinophilia (more often in cats than in dogs). With enteropathy (small intestinal diarrhea) with protein loss, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia are noted. Urinalysis is usually normal. To diagnose systemic mastocytosis, a blood smear is examined for the qualitative and quantitative composition of leukocytes.

With fluoroscopy contrast agent you can see thickening of the intestinal wall and folding, unevenness of the mucous membrane. Indicated for the evaluation of cats with hypereosinophilia syndrome. ultrasonography liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, where focal destructive changes can also be detected.

To make a final diagnosis, endoscopic examination and biopsy of the affected tissue are necessary. If mastocytosis is suspected, aspiration is recommended. bone marrow. If there is insufficient information content of the above diagnostic methods, and also for organomegaly, laparoscopy or diagnostic lapartomy is indicated, which will allow one to accurately determine the nature of the pathology.

Treatment
Treatment in most cases is carried out on an outpatient basis. It is necessary to limit the activity of animals only if they are very weakened.

For patients with severe forms of intestinal disease and enteropathy with protein loss and malnutrition, parenteral nutrition (Aminokrovin, etc.) is indicated until remission is achieved. If a food allergy is suspected, as well as in patients with moderate or severe symptoms of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and no vomiting, a gentle hypoallergenic diet is recommended (for example, only fermented milk products, cottage cheese). An easily digestible diet is necessary to achieve remission and can be used once the condition has stabilized as a maintenance diet for a longer period. If a food allergy is suspected, an elimination diet can be prescribed after the condition has stabilized.

As with other incurable diseases, including allergic diseases, the method of classical homeopathy (not complexes) showed good results.

From traditional methods Corticosteroids are used for treatment. Prednisolone is usually prescribed (1-2 mg orally 2 times a day for dogs, 2-3 mg/kg orally 2 times a day for cats). After a few days of treatment, the dose can be gradually reduced, monitoring for possible recurrence of the problem. If corticosteroids are stopped too early, disease relapse occurs. Immunosuppressive drugs are sometimes used to reduce the dose of corticosteroids and prevent their side effects. More often, in addition to corticosteroids, azathioprine is prescribed (1-1.5 mg/kg orally once a day for dogs and 0.3 mg/kg once every 2 days for cats). However, azathioprine in some cases causes inhibition of hematopoiesis, which is more common in cats than in dogs. The depression is usually reversible, disappearing after discontinuation of the drug. Like all cytostatics, azathioprine has a number of side effects - pancreatitis, hepatosis.

Forecast
During the acute period of the disease, the animal requires careful monitoring to determine the causes and dynamics of the disease. This is monitored by periodic blood tests to determine the number of eosinophils.

To exclude harmful effects The dose of corticosteroids must be selected strictly individually. Patients with mild disease are observed after 2-5 weeks. after the start of treatment, then periodically until the end of hormone treatment. When azathioprine is prescribed, 10-14 days after the start of treatment, clinical analysis blood, which is then repeated after a month and then once every 2 months. If a food allergy is detected or suspected, you must strictly adhere to the recommended diet.
In most dogs with eosinophilic gastritis, a combination of diet and prednisone treatment results in long-term remissions. In cats, the disease is more severe and the prognosis is worse than in dogs. Cats need high doses prednisolone and a longer duration of treatment to achieve remission.

Cause of illness: Non-contagious
Localization: Digestive organs
Course of the disease: Chronic

Atrophic gastritis in dogs.

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which is accompanied by thinning and a decrease in the size and number of gastric glands. The functional capacity of existing gastric glands also changes.

The disease can be local or diffuse in nature. Destructive processes in the mucosa lead to disruption of acid production (its reduction).

An autoimmune process in dogs can cause sensitization of the body to its own gastric juice, which leads to chronic gastritis. Thus, an autoimmune nature is suspected of this disease. Mostly dogs get sick. There is a breed predisposition to atrophic gastritis (retrievers, fox terriers). The provoking role of Helicobacter sp. is not excluded, but only provoking.

atrophic gastritis Chronic atrophic gastritis of the pyloric part of the stomach. The pits are sharply shortened, the glands are focally atrophied, the lamina propria is densely infiltrated with lymphoplasmacytic elements.

Diagnosis and clinical picture
The most common manifestations of the disease are: periodic vomiting (less often), diarrhea (more often), especially when eating raw meat, anorexia, lethargy, perverted appetite (the dog picks up inedible objects on the street), emaciation. Sometimes the disease does not appear for some time (asymptomatic).

It must be taken into account that atrophic gastritis may not appear when feeding a dog dry food. While your dog eating raw meat will cause acute diarrhea. This phenomenon is due to the fact that meat is more demanding in terms of the quantity and quality of secreted gastric juice and acid, while dry food does not require gastric digestion in general and therefore better tolerated by the dog. Thus, with a dry diet, atrophic gastritis in a dog goes into a latent form and may not appear for a long time (until any provoking factors) or the atrophy worsens.

The results of general and biochemical blood tests, general urinalysis are usually within normal limits.

A gastroscopic examination reveals an injection of blood vessels; a histological examination of the biopsy material reveals atrophy of the gastric glands, a decrease in their number and destructive processes in the cells themselves. Increased urease activity in the biopsy specimen indicates an inflammatory process caused by Helicobacter sp. Differential diagnosis is carried out with other forms of gastritis and chronic gastroenteritis.

Treatment
If vomiting continues, drugs are used that increase gastric motility (metoclopramide 0.2-0.4 mg/kg every 6-8 hours 30 minutes before meals, cisapride), as well as low doses of erythromycin.

H2-histamine receptor blockers are not indicated, since suppression of acid secretion in the stomach can lead to aggravation of the process. When confirming the causative role of Helicobacter sp. antibiotics are prescribed. If food hypersensitivity is suspected, selective dieting is indicated. Good results can be achieved by treating your dog using classical homeopathy. As a rule, due to destructive processes in the digestive organs, it takes quite a long time to achieve lasting positive results.

Cause of illness: Non-contagious
Localization: Digestive organs
Course of the disease: Chronic

Acute gastritis- inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Acute gastritis in dogs and cats can develop secondarily, after diseases of other systems and organs, for example, kidneys, liver, central nervous system, shock, sepsis, stress, hypocortisolism).

In the pathogenesis of the disease, the main role is played by disruption of the gastric mucosa, inflammatory infiltration of the gastric mucosa, and subsequently superficial erosion and formation of ulcers.

Diagnosis of acute gastritis
Enough characteristic feature diseases - vomiting, which can be provoked by palpation of the stomach. If the irritating agent is removed, vomiting stops in the first 24-48 hours. Other clinical manifestations of acute gastritis are impaired appetite, depression, dehydration, and abdominal pain is less common. The degree of dehydration depends on the duration and frequency of vomiting. If acute gastritis occurs against the background of another systemic disease there are symptoms characteristic of the primary disease. If vomiting continues for more than 2 days, or the symptoms worsen or change, you need to look for another cause of the disease. It is necessary to differentiate regurgitation from vomiting, which can be combined. Vomiting is usually accompanied by drooling, frequent swallowing movements, licking of lips, and contractions of the anterior muscles. abdominal wall, regurgitation often occurs once and is not associated with deterioration general well-being animal. With gastroenteritis caused by parvovirus, vomiting may occur several days before other symptoms of the disease develop.

Feeding dogs and cats food that is not natural for them can also lead to acute inflammation stomach (fresh onions, spices, etc.). The cause of gastritis may be prolonged feeding of dry food to dogs and cats due to the artificial additives they contain (dyes, preservatives).

acute gastritis Acute erosion of the stomach. The bottom at the level of the fibrinoid-modified muscular plate of the mucosa is covered with yellow-brown deposits of hydrochloric acid hematin.

It is also important to know that with deep damage to the gastric mucosa, bleeding may occur, which will be noticeable both in the vomit and in the stool. Gastric bleeding often occurs with stomach ulceration and is manifested by black stool. Also, black vomit (“coffee grounds”) may be seen in the vomit, while fresh blood remains red. Differential diagnosis should be made from exacerbations of chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis.

Laboratory data
Indicators general analyzes blood and urine, biochemical blood test is usually within normal limits, but leukocytosis may occur. Increases in hematocrit and total protein are due to dehydration. Shifts in the blood directly depend on the cause; the greatest changes will be observed with infectious gastroenteritis.

Hypokalemia, hypoglycemia and acid-base imbalance occur due to prolonged anorexia and constant vomiting. Hypoproteinemia is a consequence of a severe inflammatory process in the wall of the stomach. Puppies are tested for parvovirus antigens in their feces. Anemia will accompany gastritis, accompanied by bleeding.

Abdominal radiography and ultrasound do not make a diagnosis other than the presence of foreign bodies in the stomach, although ultrasound can detect thickening of the stomach wall. An endoscopic examination allows you to visually assess the condition of the gastric mucosa, perform a biopsy and remove the foreign body.

Treatment of acute gastritis
Animals with severe dehydration are hospitalized, since it is dehydration with repeated vomiting, especially with diarrhea, along with disturbances in electrolyte metabolism, that causes the death of the animal. If vomiting is infrequent, small amounts of water can be given periodically. In case of frequent vomiting, oral fluids and medications are excluded. After vomiting has stopped, water can be given after 12-24 hours, and food after 24-36 hours. A diet high in starch (rice) and low in protein and fat is preferred. Best to use vegetable protein or milk protein. In 3-4 days. gradually return to a normal diet.

In many cases the disease resolves after symptomatic treatment. If the disease becomes persistent and the therapy is ineffective, more complex methods diagnosis and treatment.

Gastroprotectors are ineffective and may increase vomiting due to local irritation and expansion of the stomach.

For severe gastritis, H2-histamine receptor blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, etc.) and infusion therapy (Ringer's solution) are indicated. With prolonged anorexia and profuse vomiting, hypokalemia develops, which necessitates transfusion of a 7.5% potassium chloride solution.

If the symptoms of the disease last more than 5-7 days, it is likely due to ongoing exposure to an irritating factor, chronic gastritis or a systemic disease.

Chronic gastritis in dogs.

Chronic gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, characterized by sluggish pathological processes with periodic exacerbations. Clinically characterized by periodic vomiting, sometimes changeable appetite, unpleasant smell from the animal's mouth.

The disease can be complicated by erosions and ulcers, and then gastritis is called erosive or gastric ulcer. If earlier than the disease Old animals were susceptible, but in recent years young dogs of many breeds, males (Lhasa Apso, miniature poodles, etc.) have been increasingly affected.

Chronic irritation of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammation, which can spread to the submucosal layer. Long-term antigenic stimulation causes changes in immunity and allergization of the body and can be the cause of autoimmune chronic gastritis.

The development of chronic gastritis is predisposed by prolonged exposure to factors that cause acute gastritis. It can be provoked by intestinal helminths, medications (especially Rimadyl, which is often used unreasonably for a long time, glucocorticoids). A huge role in the occurrence of chronic gastritis is played by feeding animals with dry or wet commercial food, the artificial components of which have an irritating effect on the entire gastrointestinal tract and the gastric mucosa, in particular. Great importance has a decrease in the resistance of the dog or cat’s body, as well as a hereditary predisposition.

Diagnostics
The diagnosis is made comprehensively based on history, clinical picture and laboratory data. Chronic gastritis is characterized by vomiting undigested food, often stained with bile with lumps of blood or with altered blood in the form of “ coffee grounds"especially with increased stomach acidity. Vomiting may occur daily or periodically, usually after eating or drinking. Its frequency increases as the disease progresses. Prolonged vomiting can lead to the development of gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis and aspiration pneumonia due to irritation of the esophageal mucosa by the acidic contents. For gastritis with low stomach acidity, diarrhea is more typical, since the protein components of the diet are not fully digested. Other signs of the disease may be loss of appetite, melena, and diarrhea. With gastritis with high acidity, constipation may occur due to spasm of the pylorus.

In turn, several forms of chronic gastritis should be distinguished - superficial, chronic gastritis with lymphocytic, plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration, zozinophilic gastritis, granulomatous gastritis, atrophic gastritis. A biopsy can most accurately make a diagnosis and exclude other pathologies.

chronic gastritis Chronic gastritis: characteristic tortuosity and
deepening of the pits, pronounced subepithelial swelling of the ridges,
atrophy and cystic transformation iron

Laboratory data
General blood and urine tests are usually normal, except in cases of systemic disease. At hemorrhagic gastritis anemia may be detected.

Plain radiography of the abdominal organs can detect radiopaque foreign bodies, dilatation of the stomach and the presence of fluid in it due to pyloric stenosis. An X-ray contrast study will help clarify the cause of delayed gastric emptying (stenosis and other malformations). During gastroscopy, along with macroscopic characteristics (atrophic gastritis, thinning of the mucous membrane, from under which the vessels of the submucosal layer protrude), a biopsy can be performed. A biopsy must be performed even if the mucous membrane appears normal. If after the studies the diagnosis remains unclear, diagnostic laparotomy is indicated, especially if signs of damage to the submucosal and other layers of the gastric wall are detected.

Treatment of chronic gastritis
The most dangerous periods are periods of exacerbation of chronic gastritis, when vomiting and diarrhea can quickly dehydrate the animal’s body. In a hospital setting, treatment is carried out if infusion therapy is necessary. If vomiting occurs frequently, do not give food, water, or medications by mouth for 1-2 days.

After vomiting stops, frequent feeding in small portions is resumed. It's better to give boiled rice And skim cheese and limit intake of protein and fatty foods, if you have food allergies, exclude food allergens. If ulcers and/or erosions are present, they are treated. In the presence of an autoimmune process and the absence of effect from diet therapy, glucocorticoids are used (prednisolone 0.7 mg/kg per day).

Infusion therapy is prescribed for replacement purposes, based on physiological needs and ongoing fluid loss. For anorexia accompanied by hypokalemia, it is necessary to administer potassium chloride (0.35 g/kg per day intravenously).

Surgical treatment is indicated in the presence of a granulomatous tumor, pyloric stenosis and detection of foreign bodies that could not be removed endoscopically, as well as ulcerative lesions stomach walls.

Antiemetic drugs (metoclopramide, chlorpromazine) are used when disturbances in water and electrolyte metabolism are caused by frequent or profuse vomiting.

Metoclopramide (0.1 mg/kg orally 3-4 times daily) is indicated for delayed gastric emptying or duodenogastric reflux. The drug is contraindicated in cases of pyloric stenosis of the stomach.

Synthetic prostaglandins (misoprostol) are used to accelerate the healing of the mucous membrane. They are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Immunosuppressants (azathioprine 1.5-2 mg/kg per day orally) are used when diet therapy and glucocorticoids are ineffective in patients with an immune-dependent form of the disease. When using the latter, monitor leukocyte formula. One of their side effects is the suppression of white blood sprouts.

After suppressing the exacerbation of chronic gastritis, along with providing medication assistance diet required.

Follow-up
When the clinical manifestations of eosinophilic gastritis disappear, the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood decreases. It is necessary to monitor water-electrolyte and acid-base balances and eliminate medications and food products leading to irritation of the mucous membrane or allergic reactions.

In the chronic course of the disease, relapses of vomiting, progression and transition of the superficial form to atrophic, development of erosions and ulcers and its other forms are possible.

Cause of illness: Non-contagious
Essence of the disease: Hereditary
Localization: Digestive organs
Course of the disease: Chronic

Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis in dogs.

Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis - usually chronic and subacute inflammatory disease gastrointestinal tract, characterized by infiltration of the gastric mucosa with lymphocytes and/or plasma cells.

Infiltration can spread to deeper layers: submucosal and muscular. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease has not been sufficiently studied. It is believed that the cause may be a perverted immune response to food components entering the stomach. Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis is sometimes accompanied by other immunological disorders.

Infectious agents such as Giardia, Salmonella, Campylobacter and normal gastrointestinal flora have been suggested as causative agents, but their role as a cause of the disease has not been confirmed. Meat and dairy proteins, nutritional supplements, artificial colors, preservatives (dry food), as well as gluten ( component cereals, which make up most dry food bases) are likely to provoke disease. Hereditary, and therefore genetic, factors in the occurrence of pathology also play a role. Some inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, celiac enteropathy are more common in certain breeds of dogs (retriever, basenji, lundehund, Irish setter, German Shepherd, Shar-Pei), which are predisposed to lymphoplasmacytic gastritis. The main histocompatibility genes, which are also responsible for the development of the inflammatory process, have been identified.

Diagnostics
Characteristic chronic course with gradual progression and periodic exacerbations. Repeated vomiting is more common in cats, diarrhea is more common in dogs. There is a loss of appetite, sometimes alternating increased appetite, while the animal may lose weight. Since digestion is disrupted for a long time as the disease progresses, dehydration and exhaustion may occur if left untreated.

Lymphoplasmacytic gastritis must be differentiated from other inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (eosinophilic enteritis, granulomatosis), neoplasms, infectious diseases(dysbacteriosis, histoplasmosis, giardiasis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis), lymphangiectasia, gastrointestinal motility disorders and pancreatic enzymatic insufficiency. It is necessary to exclude hyperthyroidism and viral infections of feline immunodeficiency and leukemia.

Laboratory data
In cats, moderate non-regenerative anemia and mild leukocytosis are possible. Neutrophilic leukocytosis with a band shift to the left is often observed in dogs. Studies are recommended to exclude other diseases: in cats - determination of T4, detection of immunodeficiency viruses or leukemia, analysis and microscopy of feces; in dogs - study of trypsin-like immunoreactivity of serum, proteolytic activity of feces, microscopy of feces.

It is advisable to prescribe a hypoallergenic mono-diet, which will allow you to find the type of food with the best tolerance. If after it the symptoms of the disease completely disappear, the diagnosis of food allergy or intolerance is confirmed and no further manipulation is required. Biopsy of the gastric mucosa is the method of choice to distinguish lymphoplasmacytic gastritis from other inflammatory and infiltrative diseases. During endoscopic examination, duodenal contents are aspirated to identify Giardia sp. If overgrowth of intestinal microflora is suspected, a quantitative stool culture test should be performed.

Treatment
If the patient's condition is relatively satisfactory, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. When severe defeat intestines and protein-losing enteropathy requires transfer to total parenteral nutrition until remission occurs. A monocomponent diet is used with the exclusion of allergens for moderate and severe inflammation (if there is no vomiting), as well as for suspected food allergies. In order to achieve and maintain remission, a highly digestible diet with limited nutrient sources is used. After stabilization of the condition, it is possible to conduct research to exclude allergies or intolerances certain types food.

For dehydration, any balanced solutions are used (Ringer-lactate, normosol-R).

The mainstay of therapy for idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis is corticosteroids (prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg orally every 12 hours in dogs and 2-3 mg/kg orally every 12 hours in cats). After symptoms disappear, the dose of corticosteroids is gradually reduced. If discontinued quickly, relapses are possible. Just like with other chronic and intractable diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the method of classical homeopathy can be applied.

Cause of disease: Non-contagious
Localization: Digestive organs
Course of the disease: Chronic

An improper diet can cause gastritis in dogs, as well as other diseases. But inflammation of the gastric mucosa can be caused not only poor nutrition. There are many reasons why a pet develops this disease. And the owner should immediately contact veterinary clinic so that the veterinarian can diagnose and treat the animal. Therefore, before sounding the alarm, you need to figure out what kind of disease it is.

Symptoms of gastritis in dogs

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is a very unpleasant disease in dogs. But what are the signs of gastritis in dogs? After all, there are many other stomach diseases. Veterinarians say that the following symptoms are observed in four-legged friends with gastritis.

1. Vomiting. The inflamed gland does not properly process food and thus food particles irritate the mucous membrane, causing nausea. The duration of gag reflexes in a dog can last a whole week. In this case, the vomit itself comes out of the mouth with an admixture of mucus, sometimes with bile. And these are just the first signs.
2. Refusal of food. Due to the fact that it is difficult for the animal to eat, it may refuse food and begin to lose weight. At the same time, the condition is getting worse and worse. The dog seems depressed and upset.
3. Acute pain. When you press down on the stomach area with your fingers, the dog will experience sharp pain, and a white coating is visible on the tongue.
4. The temperature is elevated. This indicator may indicate various diseases, but together with other symptoms everything indicates the presence of gastritis.
5. Chair. With gastritis, it is dark and liquid.
6. Chronic indicators. The first phase of gastritis can turn into a chronic disease. In this case, the temperature may not rise, but the animal constantly loses weight and refuses food. It happens that a dog, without even touching the food, begins to vomit. This is all accompanied loose stools and jaundiced eye color. It even happens that four-legged friend starts vomiting yellow mucus after eating grass.

The chronic form of gastritis can last for a very long time, even for years. I. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to take an x-ray of the stomach. Without this, an accurate diagnosis cannot be made.

Causes of gastritis

When the diagnosis is confirmed, the owner should think about what caused the disease. After all, symptoms of gastritis in dogs can occur for various reasons. But most often they arise due to the negligence of the owner himself.

Treatment of gastritis in animals

Even if you have correctly identified the symptoms of gastritis in a dog, it is still necessary for a veterinarian to prescribe treatment. Since the form of the disease can be very diverse, it is simply impossible to determine methods at random. So how to treat gastritis in dogs?

1. When an animal develops an acute form of gastritis, it needs to be kept on a starvation diet for a day.
2. It is necessary to create a special diet for the animal. It is necessary to rinse the stomach, and then give gentle decoctions based on chicken egg. After a few days, you can give him vegetable soups or oatmeal soups. You can add chopped carrots, as well as minced light meat (mostly chicken). At this time, the owner should pull himself together and under no circumstances be led by the animal. And also to protect him from compassionate relatives who will take pity on the “poor dog” and want to give him some treats.
3. If the body is dehydrated, then it is necessary to make saline solutions. And administer them intravenously. The doctor may also prescribe warm enemas for your pet.
4. If the causative agent of gastritis is an infection, then the doctor prescribes medication. But when a four-legged friend suffers from constipation, the doctor prescribes a laxative.
5. If gastritis has progressed to chronic phase, then the pet is fed in small portions and before each feeding it is necessary to give medications that create a special shell and protect the mucous membrane.
6. If a dog has low acidity, it is prescribed a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid and pepsin. The solution is made in a 1:1 ratio. The mixture is given three times a day, two tablespoons before meals (the norm is calculated for medium-sized dogs, but it is better to check with your veterinarian daily norm solution).

It doesn't matter what treatment the doctor prescribes. If you love your pet and want him to recover, then you need to maintain a routine and follow the veterinarian's clear instructions. If you skip taking prescribed medications or break your diet, this could lead to the end of your life for your four-legged friend.

Drug treatment

During the treatment of gastritis in dogs, the doctor may prescribe an appointment medicines. What kind of drugs are prescribed by a veterinarian during the treatment of gastritis in a dog?

1. Drugs that create a protective sheath in the area of ​​inflammation and reduce pain threshold when pieces of food touch the mucous membrane.
2. Antispasmodics are prescribed by a veterinarian when a dog is experiencing severe pain. They not only reduce pain, but also help to recover faster.
3. Antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor when a dog's body is infected. viral infection. But it's very dangerous look drug treatment. It is prescribed only by a doctor and after the course the body needs to be restored.
4. Antiemetic medications are designed to prevent your pet from vomiting. But vomiting may be a consequence of poisoning. Then this process is precisely what is needed to remove all toxins from the body.
5. Droppers are prescribed by a veterinarian if all symptoms are aggravated. And, depending on the severity of the disease, saline solutions are needed. But the concentration and composition of the mixture depends on the severity of the dog’s gastritis.

Nutrition for gastritis

What to feed a dog with gastritis? Especially if the disease has entered the acute phase. Above there were already brief recommendations regarding feeding. But now we need to look at this issue much deeper.

1. Onion garlic. But this does not mean that owners give their pets raw onions or garlic. But owners add these ingredients (boiled or raw) to some dishes to improve the dog’s immunity. It's good when the dog is healthy. But in this case, onions and garlic can further inflame the mucous membrane.
2. The water given to the dog should be warm so as not to further aggravate the situation. Milk is prohibited in this regard, but fermented milk products help restore the acidity of the body.
3. The animal needs to be fed little by little, but often. After all, when a dog eats food, acid is produced in its stomach, which harms the mucous membrane. The veterinarian may prescribe medications that create a special lining that protects the walls of the stomach. And such medicines should be given to the dog before meals.
4. During treatment, raw vegetables and fruits are contraindicated. Only after a strict diet, when you don’t feed the dog for a day, can you make soups based on boiled vegetables.
5. Only lean meat that is finely chopped or cooked as minced meat is allowed. And meat is allowed into the diet only a week after treatment, if the animal’s well-being has improved.
6. Under no circumstances should you give your animal fried food. All dog food should be prepared either steamed or in the form of decoctions.

During treatment of a dog, it must be constantly examined by a veterinarian. And when the pet’s condition improves, a new menu is added to the diet. But if the dog is still sick and its health has not changed, then the diet continues.

Prevention of gastritis

In any case, it is much easier to avoid the manifestation of gastritis in a dog than to treat it for a long time and frantically. Moreover, even after complete healing the pet may experience complications. So what should you do to avoid gastritis?

Regardless of the course of the disease, every owner should understand that avoiding the disease is much easier than treating your pet. And illnesses in our pets most often occur due to the carelessness of their owners. So keep an eye on your pet and contact your veterinarian in time.

Gastritis is an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa. It is characterized by a violation of the main functions of this organ: secretory, absorption, motor, bactericidal, regulating enzymatic activity.

Anatomical and physiological features

The stomach in cats and dogs is a single-chamber extended part of the digestive tube located between the esophagus and the duodenum. The volume of a dog's stomach can reach the total volume of the entire large and small intestines. This is due to the feeding habits of canine predators - eating food for future use. Unlike dogs, cats have a natural hunting instinct that is independent of hunger, so they eat small portions, but many times a day.

In the stomach of cats and dogs, it is customary to distinguish three parts, which differ in the structure and specialization of the glands of the mucous membrane:

• cardiac part (located around the “cardia” - the place where the esophagus enters the stomach);
• fundus or bottom of the stomach (is the main part where food is laid in layers);
• pyloric part (located around the “pylorus” - the place where the stomach passes into the duodenum).

The glands of the mucous membrane consist of main, parietal (parietal) and accessory cells, as well as mucocytes. The main cells produce the proenzymes pepsinogens, the parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid, and the accessory cells and mucocytes produce mucus (mucoid secretion). Pepsinogens are inactive forms of proteolytic (protein-breaking) enzymes. Under the influence of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogens are activated and converted into pepsins (gastricsin, chymosin, etc.). Gastric juice also contains the enzyme lipase, which breaks down emulsified fats. Gastric mucus protects the gastric mucosa from chemical and mechanical influences, as well as from self-digestion.

The digestive ability of gastric juice and its acidity are strictly dependent on the nature of the food. The experiments on dogs, known to everyone from the school curriculum, conducted by I.P. Pavlov made it possible to clearly prove that the largest amount of gastric juice was produced when consuming high-protein foods (meat). Eating food rich in fiber (cereals) stimulates the production of gastric juice to a much lesser extent. It is important that gastric juice of high acidity better breaks down animal proteins, and low acidity - plant proteins. These data are used when prescribing a diet for animals with hypo- and hypersecretion of the gastric glands.

Main functions of the stomach:

• Reservoir (for food).
• Digestive - includes mechanical and chemical treatment feed due to the motor activity of the stomach and gastric juice enzymes.
• Peristaltic - the movement of food masses into the intestines due to contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach. In the pyloric part there is a sphincter, which reflexively (due to the difference in the acidity of the contents in the stomach and duodenum) ensures the evacuation of food from the stomach into the intestines and prevents its return.
• The stomach produces gastromucoprotein (internal Castle factor), only in its presence is it possible to form a complex with vitamin B12, which is involved in the formation of red blood cells.

Gastritis in cats and dogs can occur as a result of the following factors:

• Feeding poor quality food.
• Feeding food that is too hot or cold.
• Abrupt transfer of an animal from one food to another.
• Allergy to food components.
• Foreign bodies (fur, grass, bones, etc.) entering the stomach.
• Ingestion of caustic chemicals, poisons.
• By-effect after using certain drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, some antibiotics).
• Uremia (with renal failure).
• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).

Types of gastritis

Acute gastritis, which is characterized by a sudden attack of vomiting, refusal to eat, and general weakness of the animal. Often there is an admixture of blood in the vomit.

Clinical signs and symptoms of gastritis in cats and dogs:

• 1. Vomiting, often mixed with blood.
• 2. Hypersalivation (increased salivation), frequent swallowing.
• 3. General weakness, passivity of the animal.
• 4. Pallor, sometimes yellowness of the mucous membranes.
• 5. Pasty or liquid stools.

To find out the cause of gastritis, the doctor needs to have an idea of ​​​​the feeding and maintenance of the animal before the appearance of clinical signs of the disease. The feeding regimen (fat content and temperature of the feed, the compatibility of food components, treats that the animal has recently received) and food storage (which determines its good quality).

Differential diagnosis

• 1. Symptoms of sudden vomiting.
• 2. Viral and bacterial systemic diseases.
• 3. Foreign body in the intestine.
• 4. Neoplasms (tumor, polyps), in particular intestinal lymphoma.
• 5. Bezoars (made of wool) in the intestines (more common in cats).

The main and most precise method Diagnosis of gastritis of any etiology is gastroscopy followed by histological examination of gastric biopsies. Foreign bodies and tumors in the stomach can be identified using radiography and ultrasound. A lot of useful information can provide an analysis of the stomach contents, in particular, a determination of the acidity (pH) in the stomach.

Treatment of gastritis in cats and dogs acute form includes:

• Fasting diet (even with preserved appetite) for at least 24 hours. In case of primary pancreatitis, it is necessary to ensure functional rest of the pancreas, since in this case gastritis is always a concomitant disease.
• Drugs to protect the gastric mucosa: for hyperacid gastritis (increased secretion of gastric juice and hydrochloric acid) or gastric ulcer (quamatel, Zantac, gastrocepin).
• Infusion therapy(droppers). Even subcutaneous infusion will help to replenish a slight fluid deficiency. Typically, this method of replenishing body dehydration is used in animals with low body weight. With a moderate degree of dehydration, intravenous infusion is indispensable; with a high degree, it is advisable to carry out treatment in a hospital setting.
• Drugs that have antacid, enveloping and analgesic properties local action(Maalox, Almagel, Phosphalugel, etc.).
• Dietary feeding with easily digestible food with low fat content after stabilization of the animal.

Chronic gastritis, especially in dogs wide use. According to different authors, 30 to 45% of dogs with symptoms of intermittent vomiting have chronic gastritis. Periodically occurring vomiting without any other signs of illness is the most common symptom chronic gastritis in dogs.

There are often cases when one dietary food is not suitable for an animal (due to individual intolerance to its ingredients), but another is well suited. When changing food, compare the composition of the previously used and new food. It is desirable that the new food contains a protein that is fundamentally different from the previous one, for example, if the previous food contained poultry (chicken or turkey), the new food should be based on, for example, beef or rabbit.

It is important for animal owners to remember that they should not feed their pet using an assortment of different, often very different, foods. The animal quickly gets used to this type of food, and subsequently it is possible to wean a pet that refuses to eat “proper food” only after 2-3 days of a starvation diet. From the first months of life, it is better to feed the animal one brand of premium food chosen by the owner.

Translation to new food should be carried out in stages: for the first 3-4 days, mix 25% of the new food and 75% of the old into one homogeneous mass, then 3-4 days of 50% of the new and 50% of the old food, then 75% of the new and 25% of the old. And only after 10-12 days can a complete transition to a new food be made. This contributes to the gradual adaptation of the animal, as well as the restructuring of digestive enzymes to the new food.

Sometimes the search for the optimal food takes a lot of time and, alas, many unsuccessful trials of new foods. To avoid stress (owners and animals) associated with this, it is best to food intolerance, consult a veterinarian. Usually, in such cases, the coprogram, clinical and biochemical tests blood on an empty stomach, as well as vomit.

The main method of preventing chronic gastritis is dietary food animal, with recurrent vomiting requiring serious treatment gastritis (in dogs, especially) requires lifelong nutrition with dietary food.

If symptoms of vomiting or retching persist in a pet on a diet, it is advisable to perform a gastroscopy (with biopsy) followed by specific treatment diseases, such as acute gastritis.

Diet food
Every dog ​​needs balanced diet, and a sick dog needs such food for life.
Let's consider the nuances of feeding dogs for various acute and chronic diseases.

Diet food for dogs with functional stomach disorders

Food is given in small portions (37°C at finished form) 5-6 times a day. The usual daily diet is reduced by 25-30%
Food is served pureed and steamed.
After the dog recovers, the return to its usual diet should be gradual.

For disorders such as hypersecretion, hypotension, hypertension, vomiting and aerophagia, quickly digestible foods that do not stimulate gastric secretion are added to the diet.
- slimy cereal soups
-milk soups with pureed cereals
- pureed vegetable soups with a weak decoction of vegetables
-boiled minced or pureed meat or fish

- puree from boiled vegetables (potatoes, carrots, cauliflower, zucchini
-scrambled eggs
-steam omelettes
-beaten egg whites
- whole milk and cream
-village low-fat unleavened or calcined cottage cheese
-liquid milk, semi-viscous mashed porridges
-bread from wheat flour(not soft)

-jelly, mousse, jelly from fruits or their juices, puree from sweet, ripe fruits
-fresh butter
-refined vegetable oil in its natural form.


With functional hypofunction of the stomach The diet includes foods that stimulate gastric secretion. Difficult to digest foods are excluded.
-meat and fish broths
-vegetable decoctions
-all fried foods
-meat and fish stewed in their own juices
- pickled vegetables
- canned meat, fish and vegetables
- hard-boiled eggs
-fermented milk products, skim milk (skimmed milk) and whey

With functional gastric hypotension meals 5-6 times a day in small portions. At each feeding, one type of food is given, without mixing solid food with liquid, limiting liquids, prohibiting fatty foods.
- morning, afternoon, evening: porridge or soup
- 2nd breakfast, afternoon snack: milk with finely crumbled bread, vegetable puree, omelet, boiled meat, cottage cheese

For functional gastric hypertension Due to spasms, gentle feeding is indicated.
For vomiting and aerophagia(swallowing air and belching), the diet depends on the state of the secretory function of the stomach.

DIET FOR GASTRITIS

Hyperacid gastritis- increased acidity in the stomach. Limiting easily digestible carbohydrates by 15-20%, increasing protein content by 10-15% and fat by 5-10% Feeding 5-6 times a day
Hypacidal gastritis - low acidity in the stomach. Allowed are milk, juices from fruits and vegetables, decoctions of rosehip and wheat bran, yeast drink, fresh raw liver
Anacidic gastritis- zero acidity (absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice)

Acute gastritis in dogs
- fasting 1-2 days + warm drink (40 ml per 1 kg - adults, 80 ml per 1 kg - puppies) - 3-5 days a chemically, mechanically and thermally gentle diet is recommended
-steamed or boiled meat, lean, without tendons
-Soups from pureed vegetables with carrot broth
- milk soups made from cereals (rolled oats, rice, semolina)

- vermicelli with the addition of pureed vegetables
-vegetable puree soup with broth from pre-cooked meat.

Dressing for soups: butter, egg-milk mixture, cream.
- viscous porridges: rice, buckwheat, oatmeal - steamed or boiled vegetables

- potatoes, carrots, beets
- exclude salt
At chronic gastritis associated with liver damage and bile ducts, all food is given in pureed form.

At the occurrence of anemia add meat, liver, tongue, kidneys, iron, copper, cobalt salts and vitamins Bc and B12 to the diet.

Dogs in remission are recommended to be fed 4-5 times a day.

DIET FOR STOMACH ULCERS

Peptic ulcer- focal necrosis of the mucous membrane

stomach. Stomach ulcer in dogs it can occur as a result of damage to the mucous membrane by sharp objects (bones, nails, needles, etc.), hot food, or in violation of the diet.
With peptic ulcer disease, the secretory and motor (motor-evacuation) functions of the stomach are disrupted.
As a rule, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are involved in the inflammatory process. Shown good nutrition Maximally gentle on the stomach, due to easily digestible carbohydrates.

The amount of protein for adult animals is 4.5 g, for puppies - 9 g per 1 kg, of which 60% of proteins should be of animal origin, up to 1/3 of the total fat should be vegetable oil.
The diet is the same as for functional indigestion and gastritis.

Meals at ulcerative bleeding
-fed parenterally for 1-3 days.
-Then liquid and semi-liquid chilled food is given in small portions every 2 hours
*slimy soup
*milk
*cream
*jelly
*rosehip decoction
- gradually increase the amount of food by introducing
*soft-boiled egg, omelette
*meat or fish broth
*liquid semolina porridge with butter
*homogenized puree of vegetables and fruits

- 5-10% increase in animal protein
*steamed meat and curd products
*white omelettes

Suitable for therapeutic diet include
*enpits (powdered concentrates)
*products to improve blood formation

Peptic ulcer complicated by pyloric stenosis requires limiting the amount of carbohydrates by 15-20% of starch-containing products (porridge, bread, potatoes) and increasing the content of proteins and fats, fractional meals in small volumes up to 3-4 times a day.

For an ulcer complicated by pancreatitis exclude vegetable oil and whole milk from the diet, add to the diet
*low-fat cottage cheese
*white omelet (without egg yolk)
*boiled fish
* pureed buckwheat porridge

For ulcers complicated by diseases of the liver and biliary tract the dog is provided with easily digestible, complete proteins due to low-fat cottage cheese and white omelet.

For peptic ulcer disease with concomitant enterocolitis with diarrhea, exclude whole milk.

For peptic ulcer disease with concomitant diabetes mellitus limit the amount of sugar in food.

DIET FOR PANCREAS DISEASES

At acute pancreatitis fast for 1-3 days (depending on the severity of the disease); the first two days, warm, still alkaline mineral water and rosehip decoction 6 times a day in small portions. From day 3, a strict diet with chemical and mechanical sparing of the digestive organs is prescribed for 5-7 days. The diet is the same as for liver disease.
The food is boiled in water or steamed, the food is in liquid and semi-liquid form.

*mucous or thoroughly pureed cereal soups (except millet) in water or weak vegetable broth
*soups made from well-cooked meat
*boiled lean meat
*steam protein omelet
*unleavened or calcined cottage cheese
*liquid and semi-viscous pureed porridges in water (rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat)

*vegetable puree
*rosehip decoction
*butter for porridge.
*protein or low-fat enpit (dry milk mixtures with a predominance or limitation of protein and fat components)
Feed 4-5 times in small portions.
1st feeding - oatmeal porridge with water, pureed, steamed protein omelette

2nd feeding - freshly prepared low-fat cottage cheese, rosehip decoction
3rd feeding - slimy rice soup, boiled meat
4th feeding - boiled meat or fish, vegetable puree.

DIET FOR INTESTINAL DISEASES

Acute and chronic diseases of the small intestine (enteritis) And thick

intestines (colitis) proceed independently and in combination - enterocolitis.

Food in liquid, semi-viscous, pureed form, cooked in water or steamed.
When dieting sick dogs with intestinal diseases with diarrhea, exclude fermented milk products, bran, wholemeal bread, pearl barley, barley, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, raw vegetables and fruits, foods rich in fiber and causing fermentation, cold food (below 15 -17°C)
Indicated for diarrhea, but excluded for constipation

- slimy soups
- mashed porridge
-kisel - warm food and drinks.

You can give boiled lean meat, freed from fascia and tendons; liquid, semi-viscous and viscous porridges (especially semolina, rice); yesterday's dried bread made from premium wheat flour, biscuits; freshly prepared unleavened cottage cheese, acidophilus products, as well as kefir and yogurt, mild cheese, dry protein mixture and milk protein concentrates.
Works well for enterocolitis apple, carrot, vegetable and fruit diet in the form of homogenized vegetables(canned food baby food). Under the control of individual tolerance in sick dogs.

-The first day only drink not very sweet tea
- second day - 7-8 times give small portions of rice water, rosehip infusion, quince, blueberry jelly, in food it is necessary to increase the amount of lipotropic substances, calcium, potassium, iron, copper, cobalt, vitamins A, C and group B on average to 10%.

For chronic enterocolitis with a predominance of putrefactive processes

give paste made from raw apples.
When combined chronic enterocolitis with liver disease or biliary tract, it is recommended to feed a sick dog a dietary diet of meat, cottage cheese, or fish, but with the exclusion of whole milk, raw vegetables and bread, meat and fish broths from the diet, limiting egg yolks and other not recommended foods for diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Chronic enterocolitis + chronic pancreatitis- exclude broths from meat and fish.
In case of sudden exacerbations, a semi-starvation diet for 1-2 days.

If the chair normal dog transferred to unprocessed diet. You can give raw meat, regular porridge, unprocessed boiled vegetables, and regular soup.

For constipation
-vegetable puree from beets, carrots, cauliflower with vegetable oil
- boiled dried fruit puree, - kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk

-on an empty stomach cold water with honey, cold rosehip decoction


Diet therapy for nonspecific ulcerative colitis

- lean meat and fish
-liver
- protein steam omelettes - freshly prepared unleavened or calcined cottage cheese
-protein, low-fat, lactose-free, anti-anemic enpit - milk protein concentrates with reduced content lactose
- Low-fat boiled meat - semolina or pureed rice porridge
-vitamins A, K, C and group B, as well as calcium.
In severe cases nutrients containing glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, products of the breakdown of proteins and starch - peptides, dextrin, vegetable oil is added in small quantities.

For celiac disease (celiac disease), caused by protein intolerance, exclude wheat, oats, barley, rye, bread, flour and pasta, cereals of these cereals. Slightly increase the content of calcium, iron and vitamins (by 5-10%).
If there is lactose deficiency, milk and all dairy products are completely excluded from the diet.

DIET FOR DISEASES OF THE LIVER, GALL BLADDER AND BALL TRACT

At liver diseases - hepatitis limit fat content.

For severe dyspeptic symptoms In case of intolerance, exclude vegetable oil.
IN dietary ration include dairy products (cottage cheese, kefir) and vegetables. Boiled and mashed food. Feeding regimen 4-5 times in small portions. In severe cases fasting days: rice-compote and curd-kefir.
At chronic hepatitis Additionally, vegetables and vegetable oil are introduced into the diet, which makes up up to 50% of all fats, the total amount of which in the diet increases slightly (by 5-8% compared to the norm).
For cirrhosis of the liver exclude milk and products that have a laxative effect.
For edema, ascites eliminate salt; you need foods rich in potassium.
Drink - infusions of dried fruits, rosehip decoction, wheat bran decoction, mucous soups, pureed jelly every 2 hours.
At hepatic coma -parenteral feeding. While maintaining the ability to swallow food, give glucose solution, fruit and vegetable juices to drink. After emerging from the coma, dairy, meat, cereal, and vegetable products are gradually introduced.

Feeding for diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract

Disease gallbladder and biliary tract (dyskinesia, cholecystitis,cholangitis) in dogs are acute and chronic, with the formation of stones (calculous) or without stones.
For acute cholecystitis
-for the first 1-2 days, only warm drinks are recommended: sweet tea, sweet juices of fruits and berries diluted with water, rosehip decoction in small portions
-then 1-2 days, mucous and pureed soups (rice, semolina, oatmeal), pureed liquid porridge from the same cereals with a small amount of milk are prescribed
-Next, pureed cottage cheese, pureed steamed meat, boiled fish, biscuits (crackers) made from wheat flour.
Feeding 5-6 times a day in small portions.
1st feeding - pureed oatmeal porridge and protein steam omelette
2nd feeding - boiled carrot puree and rosehip decoction
3rd feeding - puree from pureed boiled compote fruits
4th feeding - cottage cheese and biscuits
5th feeding - kefir, yogurt, biscuits, rosehip decoction.

Dietary feeding of dogs with chronic cholecystitis frequent, fractional intake of food, for the outflow of bile. Shown is a combination of vegetables with vegetable oil, egg yolks ( choleretic effect)
In the first days of an exacerbation, fasting days: rice-compote diet, curd-kefir diet, etc.
For chronic cholecystitis with stagnation of bile, cottage cheese, fish, egg whites, and lean meat are needed. Boiled food 5-6 times a day.

1st feeding - oatmeal porridge with vegetable oil and cottage cheese
2nd feeding - vegetable or applesauce
3rd feeding - vegetarian cabbage soup with vegetable oil and boiled compote fruit puree
4th feeding - boiled meat or fish and mashed potatoes with vegetable oil
5th feeding - boiled meat and cabbage puree in vegetable oil

6th feeding - kefir and biscuits.
For gallstone cholecystitis about 25% of fat is replaced with vegetable oil, preferably olive, vegetables, increasing magnesium content.
For cholelithiasis, especially with constipation, and with gallbladder dyskinesia use a magnesium diet.

It includes
-buckwheat and millet porridge
- bran bread, bran decoction
-increased amount of vegetables
-magnesium salts.
Contraindications for this diet are gastritis, enterocolitis with fermentation and diarrhea, exacerbation of cholecystitis.

After surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) prepare pureed food. Boiled meat and fish, limit quantity vegetable purees, they give fruit jelly. Feeding regimen is 5-6 times.
Duration is 2-3 weeks until dyspeptic symptoms subside.
1st feeding - semolina milk porridge and steamed protein omelette
2nd feeding - freshly prepared cottage cheese (calcined, unleavened) and rosehip decoction
3rd feeding - vegetarian oatmeal soup with vegetables, pureed boiled steamed meat, carrot puree
4th feeding - fruit puree
5th feeding - boiled meat or fish and mashed potatoes
6th feeding - kefir or jelly.