Treatment of fever with acetylsalicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid for fever in children and adults

Instructions

Salicylic acid is the active component of plants rich in salicylate. Even in the time of Hippocrates, this medicine was obtained from the bark of the white willow, brewing it instead of tea. Then the therapeutic agent had side effects, causing nausea and severe pain in a stomach. The purified form was isolated in Germany only in the 19th century.

Name

Disclosure chemical structure salicylic acid made it possible to build the first factory in Dresden for the production of medicines based on it. Laboratory-derived chemically pure samples were registered under the name Aspirin:

1. We took as a basis Latin name The plant from which salicylic acid was first isolated is Spiraea ulmaria.
2. “a” was added to the first four letters (spir), emphasizing important role acetylation (a chemical reaction involving the replacement of hydrogen atoms with acetic acid).
3. On the right (in accordance with the generally accepted tradition among pharmacists) the ending “in” was added.

The result was a name that was easy to pronounce and remember - Aspirin.

Latin name

Acidum acetylsalicylicum (lat.) is an organic compound of salicylic ester and acetic acid. The structure of the drug is based on chemical formula: COOH-C6H4-O-C(O)-CH3.

Tradename

This medicine was patented by the German company Bayer in 1988 under the brand name “Aspirin”. International generic name drug, which can be seen on the packaging of domestic manufacturers - Acetylsalicylic acid ( Acetylsalicylic acid). The abbreviated name is ASK.

Health. Live to 120. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). (03/27/2016)

What does ASPIRIN help with?

Aspirin for blood thinning how to take

Composition and action

The medicinal composition is obtained from salicylic acid and acetic emulsion (anhydride). By chemical reactions a powder is released, which is white needle-shaped crystals. This easy drug:

• has a slightly sour taste;
• slightly soluble in cold water;
• soluble in hot water;
• easily dissolves in alcohol.

The tablets contain the active substance (ASA), as well as auxiliary components:

• starch - binder;
• talc is a source of magnesium and silicon;
• lemon acid- stimulates the secretion of gastric juice;
• stearic acid - preservative;
• Silicon dioxide is an enterosorbent that removes toxic substances from the body.

Release form

More often, the drug is found in the form of 500 mg tablets, hermetically packaged in contour blisters. You can also purchase effervescent tablets, containing the same active substance and auxiliary components:

• sodium citrate anhydrous;
• monosubstituted sodium carbonate;
• citric acid.

Aspirin is also sold in pharmacies in the form of an effervescent powder packaged in sachets. One sachet contains 500 mg (0.5 g) ASA, as well as:

• phenylephrine hydrotartrate;
• chlorphenamine maleate;
• sodium bicarbonate;
• dyes and flavors.

Pharmacological group

Salicylic acid and its derivatives belong to the pharmacological group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are all analgesics and antipyretics that have the same actions:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antipyretic;
• analgesic.

pharmachologic effect

The mechanism of action consists of the process of inhibition (braking) of enzymes involved in the regulation of short-range actions. This pharmacological inhibition promotes:

1. Reducing inflammation. Under the influence of the drug in the lesion, capillary permeability decreases, and the activity of hyaluronidase (an enzyme for tissue permeability), which is involved in the energy supply of the inflammatory phenomenon, decreases.
2. Reduce fever. This is due to the effect of the drug on the hypothalamic thermoregulation centers located in the central nervous system.
3. Pain relief. The process is due to the ability of salicin to influence the centers pain sensitivity by thinning the blood and dilating blood vessels.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics depends on dosage:

• from 75 mg to 250 mg per day (small dose) - causes inhibition of platelet aggregation (sticking together);
• up to 2 g ( average dose) - has an analgesic and antipyretic effect;
• up to 6 g (large dose) - has an anti-inflammatory effect.

In a large dose (from 4 to 6 g, which is equal to 8-12 tablets of 500 mg), Aspirin promotes excretion uric acid from the body.

Pharmacokinetics

Aspirin, like all NSAIDs, is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption will be enhanced if the tablet is crushed and washed down with warm water. Under the action of esterases (enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of esters into alcohols and acids through hydrolysis), salicylate, which has the main pharmacological activity, is cleaved from ASA.

Metabolism occurs in the liver with the formation of metabolites:

• salicylurate;
• glucuronides;
• gentisic and gentisuric acids.

Metabolites are excreted through the kidneys, the process is dose-dependent:

• low doses (up to 100 mg) - after 2-3 hours;
• average doses - after 5-8 hours;
• high - after 12-15 hours.

What does acetylsalicylic acid help with?

In addition to its antipyretic and analgesic properties, ASA has also been shown to have other properties.

• the drug was found to have glucosuric properties (blood purification), which made it possible to use it as a remedy for gout;
• the risk of stroke and death from myocardial infarction is reduced;
• plays an anti-inflammatory role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis;
• effective in preventing breast, prostate and colon cancer (although the mechanism of effect is not completely clear, and clinical studies are ongoing).

The medicine is indicated for:

• headache and toothache;
• heat and chills;
• high blood pressure;
• inflammatory processes.

The powder solution is used as an antiseptic in cosmetology:

• for skin disinfection;
• for acne;
• as part of a face mask;
• when rinsing oily hair.

For nephritis

The use of Aspirin at home for inflammatory processes of unknown origin is prohibited. So in the case of jade ( inflammatory disease kidneys), the functioning of the renal tubules responsible for receiving urine and its reabsorption (reabsorption) is disrupted.

ASA can cause damage to the tubular epithelium.

How to use

ASA is taken orally after meals.

Dose 0.25 to 1 g 3-4 times a day (adults):

• reduces temperature during colds;
• relieves muscle and joint pain;
• helps with headaches and neuralgia.

From 2 to 4 g per day (adults) is prescribed for:

• rheumatism;
• rheumatoid polyarthritis;
• infectious-allergic myocarditis.

How long does it take for acetylsalicylic acid to work?

The accumulation of the maximum concentration of salicylate in the blood is observed 2 hours after taking the medicine. But the product begins to act after 20-30 minutes.

Aspirin in powder form diluted in warm water has healing effect in even more short time- 10-15 minutes.

Contraindications when using the drug acetylsalicylic acid

ASA should not be taken by patients suffering from:

• bronchial asthma;
• allergies;
• stomach diseases (gastritis, ulcers);
• hemophilia;
• Dengue fever (tropical fever).

Aspirin is not prescribed to children and adolescents 4 to 12 years of age with unconfirmed flu-like symptoms, as fever may be associated with Reye's syndrome. It's rare, but dangerous condition occurs in young patients during treatment viral fever(measles, chickenpox) with drugs containing ASA.

This acid should not be given to children with Kawasaki disease (vasculosis) - inflammation of the walls of blood vessels, leading to their expansion. Vasculosis manifests itself in the form of flu and acute respiratory infections symptoms: elevated temperature, chills, fever.

Side effects

Side effects from the gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic system:

• heartburn;
• nausea;
• abdominal pain;
• stomach bleeding.

In some patients, taking Aspirin can trigger an allergy:

• hives;
• anaphylactic reaction;
• bronchospasm;
• Quincke's edema.

An allergic reaction is most often caused not by intolerance to salicylate, but by an inability to metabolize the drug, which leads to an overdose.

Overdose

Overdose may cause acute poisoning with the following consequences from the central nervous system:

• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• pressure on the temporal areas.

With a single large dose, there is a 2% risk fatal outcome. At chronic poisoning occurred due to long-term use large doses of Aspirin, death may occur in 25% of cases.

special instructions

The drug, by thinning the blood, increases bleeding. This must be taken into account during surgical interventions, including minor ones (for example, tooth extraction), as well as during menstruation.

Varieties of effervescent aspirin tablets (Alka-Seltzer, Blowfish) relieve pain more quickly than the pure drug.

Caution should be exercised when consuming salicylates together with natural ingredients that inhibit the properties of the COX-2 cyclooxygenase isoenzyme (formed in peripheral tissues for inflammation), such as:

• garlic extract;
• fish fat;
• ginkgo;
• curcumin, etc.

Can I take it during pregnancy and lactation?

ASA is contraindicated for use in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. This is due to the risk of fetal developmental abnormalities. The drug is not prescribed during lactation.

Can children take it?

Aspirin should not be prescribed to children without first consulting a doctor (due to the risk of developing Reye's syndrome or Kawasaki disease).

For children daily norm depends on age:

• 1 year - Aspirin 0.05 g can be prescribed;
• 2 years - 0.1 g each;
• 3 years - 0.15 g;
• 4 years - 0.2 g.

From 5 years of age, tablets are prescribed at 0.25 g (250 mg or 1/2 tablet) per dose.

For impaired renal function

ASA should be taken with caution in case of nephrotic syndrome (impaired kidney function). If the drug is taken in excess, the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys is delayed. People with conditions such as gout (deposition of uric acid crystals in the organs) or hyperuricemia (increased levels of uric acid) should not take Aspirin to avoid making the condition worse.

For liver dysfunction

Aspirin is not prescribed if there is various diseases liver (cirrhosis, hepatitis). When liver function is impaired, increased activity of liver enzymes is observed. Acid causes an additional increase in their activity, which can aggravate the disease.

Benefits and harms

The benefits of the drug in the absence of contraindications to its use are obvious.

Aspirin is an effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic (for some types of pain).

But ASA thins the blood, frequent use may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, this is its main danger and harm.

Alcohol compatibility

The medicine does not take part in the process of ethanol breakdown, therefore, when alcohol intoxication it's useless. Aspirin just makes it easier general state for hangover, helps speedy recovery body. By thinning the blood, the drug increases its circulation and provides cells with glucose and oxygen.

Drug interactions

Interaction of ASA with other drugs:

• together with vitamin C, protects the stomach walls from damage (which often happens when using pure Aspirin);
• combination with caffeine enhances the analgesic effect;
• ammonium chloride and acetazolamide enhance the effect of salicylate;
• Aspirin suppresses the effect of antidiabetic drugs (Tolbutamide and Chlorpropamide, Warfarin, Methotrexate, Phenytoin, Probenecid);
• steroid hormones (corticosteroids) reduce the concentration of ASA in the blood;
• combination with Ibuprofen reduces the effect of cardioprotection.

Analogs

Aspirin has many analogues. Any prescription of medication must be agreed with a doctor.

Analogues include:

• Ibuprofen;
• Analgin;
• Anopyrine;
• Cardiopyrin;
• Colfarit:
• Mikristin;
• Thrombo ACC;
• Upsarin;
• Fluspirin and many others. etc.

Aspirin and acetylsalicylic acid are the same thing

Aspirin is a patented name for a drug whose main active ingredient is ASA (this is the international nonproprietary name for the same drug).

Which is better: paracetamol or acetylsalicylic acid?

Aspirin and Paracetamol are similar in their effects, but each drug has additional benefits:

1. Paracetamol only limits the synthesis of cyclooxygenase, suppressing pain signals. Aspirin in addition has an effect on thromboxanes.
2. ASA has a harsh effect on the gastrointestinal tract, so patients with such problems should give preference to the second remedy.
3. Aspirin reduces fever faster, but Paracetamol is considered the safest.
4. Paracetamol can be used in pediatric therapy; the medicine is prescribed to pregnant and lactating women.

Terms and conditions of storage

The shelf life of the drug is 5 years from the release date indicated on the packaging.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Aspirin is available without a prescription.

Price

The cost of the medicine varies, it depends on the form, manufacturer, additional ingredients:

• blister 10 pcs. 500 mg - 5 rubles;
• packing 20 pcs. 500 mg (Reneval) - 17 rubles;
• Aspirin Cardio (20 pcs. 300 mg) - 75 rubles;
• Aspirin C (enteric-coated effervescent tablets) - 250 rub. for 10 pcs.;
• Aspirin Complex ( effervescent powder 10 bags) - 430 rub.

Acetylsalicylic acid is a drug that has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The medicine eliminates high temperature and pain, reduces platelet aggregation. Find out how to use the drug, in what quantities to use and what acetylsalicylic acid helps with - detailed instructions for use contain all necessary information.

pharmachologic effect

The drug prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammatory processes and contribute to the appearance of pain and fever. As a result of a significant decrease in the amount of prostaglandins, blood vessels dilate, which promotes increased sweating. So the drug has an antipyretic effect.

When using the medication nerve endings become less sensitive to pain. The medicine is taken orally, maximum level the active substance in the blood is achieved in a short time - after 10-20 minutes. The level of salicylate resulting from metabolism increases within two hours. The components of the drug are excreted by the kidneys. Partial elimination occurs 20 minutes after taking the drug; salicylate is partially removed from the body after 2 hours.

Release form and composition

Acetylsalicylic acid is available in tablets. The composition is represented by different amounts of the active substance - 100, 250, 50 mg, supplemented with citric acid and potato starch.

Aspirin and Analgin

Many people are interested in whether aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid or not? Is acetylsalicylic acid aspirin or analgin? Aspirin is a derivative of salicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid, often called aspirin, was obtained by replacing one hydroxyl group. Therefore, analgin is a completely different drug.

What does Acetylsalicylic acid help with?

For many decades, aspirin has been the most popular drug in the world.

The medicine is prescribed when it is detected:

• fever;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• rheumatic fever, occurring in acute form;
• Dressler's syndrome;
• rheumatic chorea;
• a heart attack in which the lungs are affected;
• acute thrombophlebitis;
• headaches, including migraines;
• osteoarthritis;
• neuralgia;
• various pain sensations - during dental diseases, during menstruation, accompanied by discomfort; pain in muscles and joints;
• diseases of the spine accompanied by syndromes, the list is presented by osteochondrosis, sciatica, lumbago;
• myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism (used for prevention).

Contraindications and side effects

Contraindications to the use of the drug are presented in a list that includes:

• portal hypertension;
• bleeding in the digestive tract;
• Reye's syndrome;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• aspirin triad;
• insufficient amount of vitamin K in the body and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• the presence of erosive and ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract in an acute form;
• hemophilia;
• insufficiency of liver and kidney functions;
• the presence of a dissecting aortic aneurysm;
• hypoprothrombinemia;
• periods of pregnancy, lactation;
• excessive sensitivity of the body to components this tool and other drugs that eliminate inflammatory reactions, which is manifested by the development of rhinitis and the appearance of urticaria.

Possible negative reactions

Some people may develop side effects:

• diarrhea;
• nausea;
• skin rashes;
• the appearance of tinnitus;
• the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding in the digestive tract;
• angioedema;
• development of the aspirin triad;
• the appearance of pain in the abdomen;
• the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, anemia;
• development of anorexia;
• Reye's syndrome;
• bronchospasm;
• the appearance of headaches, dizziness;
• visual impairment;
• hemorrhagic syndrome;
• deterioration of the condition in chronic heart failure;
• disorders of the kidneys and liver.

If the doctor has prescribed acetylsalicylic acid, the instructions for use and contraindications should be carefully studied to avoid negative consequences.

Using large doses of the drug

When using the drug in large quantities, not corresponding to the recommended doses, negative reactions of the body are possible. Overdose leads to the following problems:

• violations acid-base balance and electrolyte;
• confusion;
• nausea accompanied by vomiting, pain in the abdomen;
• dehydration of the body;
• hearing and vision problems;
• tremor;
• drowsy state.

IN in rare cases abuse of the drug leads to metabolic acidosis and coma.

How to use

According to the instructions for use of acetylsalicylic acid, tablets are taken after meals. You can drink the drug not only with plain water, but also with alkaline mineral water, as well as with milk.

The dosage is determined by the doctor. If it is not possible to see a doctor and the problem is not significant, you can take aspirin in the amount of 1-2 tablets, which corresponds to 500-1000 mg. The dose is indicated for an adult. 3-4 doses of medication are allowed per day.

Is it possible to use 2 tablets of acetylsalicylic acid 4 times a day? It is prohibited to use the medicine in such quantities. Maximum daily dose corresponds to 6 tablets. You can be treated with the drug for no longer than two weeks.

Effect on blood clotting

Acetylsalicylic acid thins the blood. To learn how to take pills to improve rheological properties blood, you should consult a doctor. The specialist will select an individual dosage. To prevent platelet aggregation, the drug is used in an amount of 0.5 tablets/day. The course duration is usually 2-3 months.

Myocardial infarction

To prevent myocardial infarction, use 250 mg of the drug per day. For thromboembolism and disorders cerebral circulation also use 0.5 tablets/day. Gradually the amount of the drug is increased to 1000 mg (2 tablets/day).

Instructions for the use of Acetylsalicylic acid for fever in children and adults

Aspirin is usually prescribed for colds.

Tablets for fever should not be used on an empty stomach. If you need to bring down the temperature of an adult, the recommended dosage is 250-1000 mg of the drug. You can take the medicine 3 or 4 times a day.

For fever, children are given from 100 to 300 mg of the drug. It is advisable that the dose of the medication be selected by a doctor. The dosage size for children is determined according to age.

1. To kid over two years old give 100 mg of medicine.
2. From three years old 150 mg is allowed.
3. When treating a child over four years old it is necessary to use 200 mg of the drug, and when treating a child of age over five years old– 250 mg.
4. Acetylsalicylic acid in the recommended amount can be given to a child 3 or 4 times a day.

For headaches

Acetylsalicylic acid is an effective remedy for headaches. You can also take Paracetamol. The drug is potent, so it can either benefit the body or harm it. When determining the appropriate dose of the drug, you should be as careful as possible. If rest is not planned in the near future, take two tablets. If after taking the drug it is possible to sleep or relax, the dose of the drug should be reduced to 0.5-1 tablet. For getting desired effect The medication should be taken immediately after the onset of discomfort.

The indicated doses of the medicine are intended for use by adults. This treatment option is not suitable for children.

Hangover

Regardless of the reasons for the development of headaches, it is possible to effectively solve the problem. For example, in everyday life people often take the drug for a hangover. But we should not forget that the medication only eliminates the pain, but not the hangover itself. To get rid of the problem, use other medications when you have a hangover.

How does aspirin affect blood pressure?

Does aspirin increase or decrease blood pressure? The medication does not affect the indicators in any way blood pressure. The ability of the drug to eliminate pain during migraine and reduce intracranial pressure, is explained by its ability to thin the blood. Using the drug for hypertension is harmful due to the risk of bleeding.

Treatment for menstruation and toothache

Can the product be used during menstruation? In such cases, you can use the drug, but with caution and obtaining prior consultation with a doctor. The recommended dose is 1 tablet 2 times a day, but it is still better to use other painkillers for these purposes - analgin, spasmalgon, no-shpu.

Aspirin also helps against toothache, as it can have a pronounced analgesic effect. But you cannot use more than 4000 mg of the product per day. Otherwise, severe brain damage may occur and internal organs. Children under 12 years of age should choose other medications, as should pregnant women. When a toothache occurs, Paracetamol will also help.

How to get rid of acne

The drug helps get rid of acne. It acts quickly and is one of the most effective remedies. Acetylsalicylic acid, when used on the face, destroys bacteria, which helps stop inflammatory process, and dry the skin. For treatment, the tablet must be dissolved in water and the liquid used for wiping. The solution is applied pointwise, directly to pimples.

Masks

1. A face mask with honey promotes healthy skin. For 3-4 tablets, honey and water in the amount of 1 tsp are required. and 5 drops respectively. A paste is prepared from these components and applied for a quarter of an hour. The remaining product is washed off with warm water.
2. A mask with acetylsalicylic acid for acne may also contain other ingredients, for example, black clay. The component is prepared in the amount of several tablespoons, diluted with water to obtain a homogeneous mass. Then the last and main ingredient is added - Acetylsalicylic acid in powder form (1 tablet per 1 tablespoon of clay). Cover the face with the prepared gruel for 20 minutes, then wash off with cool water.

If you decide to use acetylsalicylic acid to fight acne, do not forget that the courses should be short, otherwise you can dry out the skin. If you have dry skin, be careful when choosing this method acne treatment.

Acetylsalicylic acid is suitable for the face in cases where the skin is oily

Before using masks, make sure that the body's reaction to the effects of the components is normal. Otherwise there is a risk of irritation. When searching for a product with acetylsalicylic acid for acne, reviews will help you make the most correct choice.

Acetylsalicylic acid for hair

Aspirin has a beneficial effect on hair follicles. A drug:

• restores shine;
• eliminates the consequences of unsuccessful staining;
• Lightens undyed hair naturally;
• increases volume;
• accelerates the growth process;
• neutralizes the negative effects of chlorine when visiting the pool;
• eliminates electrification and alopecia.

However, not everyone can use aspirin for hair restoration and not always. You can’t make compresses and masks often. When used externally, the main component of the product penetrates well through tissue. Aspirin for hair can be used from the age of 12, since with earlier use there is a high risk of Reye's syndrome. For those who have eczema, psoriasis or dry seborrhea, as well as those with sensitive skin care based on the use of acetylsalicylic acid is not suitable.

Easy to use: dissolve 2-3 tablets in warm water and add to any hair mask.

Carrying a child, lactation

During pregnancy, it is strictly forbidden to use Acetylsalicylic acid. A nursing mother should also not use the medicine. The medication is not prescribed to pregnant women due to the harmful substances it contains.

Aspirin and alcohol

It is important to know how to take medicine so as not to harm your body.

Are acetylsalicylic acid and alcohol compatible?

When used simultaneously, the mucous membranes are irritated. digestive tract, can provoke the development of allergies, the appearance of ulcers and intragastric bleeding, the occurrence of a stroke, heart attack. Possible death.

You should take the medicine before drinking alcohol. Using it a day in advance will reduce the severity of your hangover.

Combination with caffeine

Caffeine can be used with the drug. However, there are contraindications, so you should consult your doctor.

Best before date

The shelf life of the medicine is 2 years. The product should be stored at room temperature in a place where light and moisture do not penetrate, children and animals do not have access.

What acetylsalicylic acid is, what it helps with and how to take it is indicated in the instructions for use. It is especially important to consult a doctor when treating children. For young patients, the drug can be very dangerous.

The tablet contains 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 grams of the active substance, as well as citric acid (in the form of monohydrate) and potato starch.

Release form

• tablets 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 grams;
• tablets are packaged in contour cell-free or contour cell packaging No. 10x1, No. 10x2, No. 10x3.

pharmachologic effect

The drug relieves pain, fever and inflammation , prevents aggregation.

Pharmacological group: NSAIDs.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Acetylsalicylic acid - what is it?

Acetylsalicylic acid is a salicylic ester of acetic (ethanoic) acid.

The formula of acetylsalicylic acid is (ASA) - C₉H₈O₄.

OKPD code 24.42.13.142 ( acetylsalicylic acid mixed with other drugs).

Receiving ASA

In the production of ASA, the method of esterification with ethanoic acid is used.

Pharmacodynamics

The analgesic effect is determined by both central and peripheral action. In feverish conditions, it reduces the temperature by affecting the thermoregulation center.

Aggregation And platelet adhesiveness , and thrombus formation decrease due to the ability of ASA to suppress the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA 2) in platelets. Inhibits synthesis prothrombin (coagulation factor II) in the liver and - at a dose exceeding 6 g/day. - increases PTV.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption of the substance after taking the drug orally is almost complete. The half-life of unchanged ASA is no more than 20 minutes. TCmax of ASA - 10-20 minutes, total salicylate formed as a result - from 0.3 to 2.0 hours.

About 80% is in the bound state in plasma. acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids . Biological activity is maintained even when the substance is in protein-bound form.

Metabolized in the liver. Excreted by the kidneys. The pH of urine affects excretion: when it is acidified, it decreases, and when it is alkalized, it increases.

Pharmacokinetic parameters depend on the dose taken. Elimination of a substance is nonlinear. Moreover, in children of the 1st year of life, in comparison with adults, it proceeds much more slowly.

Indications for use: what do Acetylsalicylic acid tablets help with?

Indications for use of Acetylsalicylic acid are:

• febrile conditions in diseases of an infectious-inflammatory nature;
• rheumatoid arthritis ;
• rheumatism ;
• inflammatory lesion myocardium , the cause of which is an immunopathological reaction;
• pain syndrome of various origins, including toothache (including headache associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome), joint and muscle pain, neuralgia, migraine ,algomenorrhea .

Also aspirin (or acetylsalicylic acid) is used in for preventive purposes when threatened thrombosis ,thromboembolism , MI (when the drug is prescribed for secondary prevention).

Contraindications

Taking ASA is contraindicated in:

• “aspirin” asthma ;
• during the period of exacerbation erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive canal ;
• stomach/intestinal bleeding ;
• vitamin deficiency K ;
• hemophilia , hypoprothrombinemia , hemorrhagic diathesis ;
• G6PD deficiency;
• portal hypertension ;
• renal/liver failure;
• aortic dissection;
• during the treatment period (if the weekly dose of the drug exceeds 15/mg);
• gouty arthritis, gout;
• (absolute contraindications are the first three and last three months);
• hypersensitivity to ASA/salicylates.

Side effects

Side effects of ASA treatment may include:

• nausea;
• gastralgia;
• anorexia;
• thrombocytopenia;
• erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive canal;
• and/or liver failure.

At long-term use tinnitus appears, hearing acuity decreases, vision is impaired, dizziness occurs and, when taking high doses, headaches. Bleeding is also possible hypocoagulation , vomit, bronchospasm .

Acetylsalicylic acid, instructions for use (Method and dosage)

At active rheumatism adult patients are prescribed 5 to 8 g of ASA per day. For a child, the dose is calculated depending on weight. As a rule, it varies from 100 to 125 mg/kg/day. Frequency of application - 4-5 rubles/day.

1-2 weeks after the start of the course, the dose for a child is reduced to 60-70 mg/kg/day; for adult patients, the dosage remains the same. Treatment should be continued for up to 6 weeks.

According to the instructions for use of Acetylsalicylic acid, the drug should be discontinued gradually over 1-2 weeks.

Acetylsalicylic acid for headaches and as a remedy for fever is prescribed in lower dosages. Yes, when pain syndrome And feverish conditions dose per 1 dose for an adult - from 0.25 to 1 g with a frequency of use from 4 to 6 times per day.

It should be remembered that for headaches, ASA is especially effective if the pain is provoked increased ICP(intracranial pressure).

For children optimal dose per dose 10-15 mg/kg. Frequency of applications - 5 rubles/day.

Treatment should not last more than 2 weeks.

For warning thrombosis And embolism ASA is taken 2-3 times a day. 0.5 g each. To improve the rheological properties (for liquefaction), the drug is taken for a long time at 0.15-0.25 g/day.

For a child over five years of age single dosage- 0.25 g, four-year-old children are allowed to give 0.2 g of ASA once, two-year-old children - 0.1 g, one-year-old children - 0.05 g.

It is forbidden to give ASA to children for fever that rises against the background viral infection . The drug acts on the same structures of the brain and liver as some viruses, and in combination with viral infection may cause the child to develop Reye's syndrome .

Application of ASA in cosmetology

A face mask with Acetylsalicylic acid allows you to quickly relieve inflammation, reduce tissue swelling, remove redness, remove the surface layer of dead cells and clean clogged pores.

The drug dries the skin well and is perfectly soluble in fats, which makes it advisable to use it as a remedy for acne : tablets, moistened with water, are applied to inflamed areas on the face or added to face masks.

Acetylsalicylic acid from acne works well in combination with lemon juice or honey. A clay mask is also effective for eliminating skin problems.

To prepare a lemon-aspirin mask, tablets (6 pieces) are simply ground with freshly squeezed juice until smooth. Then the medicine is applied pointwise to inflamed pimples and leave them on until dry.

A mask with honey is prepared as follows: tablets (3 pieces) are moistened with water, and then, when they dissolve, mixed with 0.5-1 teaspoon (teaspoon) of honey.

For cooking clay mask 6 crushed ASA tablets and 2 teaspoons of white/blue clay should be mixed with warm water.

Overdose

Overdose can result from:

• long-term treatment with ASA;
• single administration of too high a dose of the drug.

A sign of an overdose is salicylic syndrome , manifested by general malaise, hyperthermia, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting.

Strong accompanied convulsions , stupor, severe dehydration, non-cardiogenic lungs , violations of CBS, shock.

In case of an overdose of ASA, the victim should be immediately hospitalized. They wash out his stomach, give him, and check his CBS.

Depending on the condition of the CBS and the balance of water and electrolytes, the administration of solutions may be prescribed, sodium citrate And sodium bicarbonate (as an infusion).

If the urine pH is 7.5-8.0, and the plasma concentration of salicylates exceeds 300 mg/l (in a child) and 500 mg/l (in an adult), a intensive care alkaline diuretics .

In case of severe intoxication, carry out; replenish fluid loss; symptomatic treatment is prescribed.

Interaction

Increases toxicity barbituric drugs ,valproic acid , methotrexate , effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs, narcotic , sulfa drugs .

Reduces effects diuretics (potassium-sparing and loop), antihypertensive drugs from the ACE inhibitor group, action uricosuric drugs .

When used simultaneously with antithrombotic drugs , thrombolytics ,indirect anticoagulants increases the risk of bleeding.

GCS is strengthened toxic effect ASA on the mucous membrane of the digestive canal increases its clearance and reduces plasma concentration.

When used simultaneously with Li salts, it increases the plasma concentration of Li+ ions.

Strengthens the toxic effect of alcohol on the mucous membrane of the digestive canal.

Terms of sale

Over-the-counter product.

Recipe in Latin (sample):

Rp: Acidi acetylsalicylici 0.5
D.t. d. N 10 in tab.
S. 1 tablet 3 times a day after meals, with plenty of water.

Storage conditions

Tablets should be stored in a dry place at temperatures below 25°C.

Best before date

Four years.

special instructions

The drug should be used with caution in people with pathologies of the kidneys and liver , with increased bleeding, decompensated CHF, during treatment with anticoagulants, as well as in people with a history of erosive and ulcerative lesions digestive tract and/or stomach/intestinal bleeding .

Even in small doses, ASA reduces excretion uric acid , which can cause an acute attack in predisposed patients gout .

When taking high doses of ASA or needing long-term treatment with the drug, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level and see a doctor.

As an anti-inflammatory agent, use ASA at a dose of 5-8 g/day. limited due to increased risk development of adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract.

To reduce bleeding during surgery and in postoperative period, taking salicylates is stopped 5-7 days before surgical intervention.

When taking ASA, you should remember that this drug can be taken for pain relief for no more than 7 days without consulting a doctor. As an antipyretic, ASA is allowed to be taken for no more than 3 days.

Chemical properties of the substance

When ASA crystallizes, colorless needles or monoclinic polyhedra with a slightly sour taste are formed. The crystals are stable in dry air, but with increasing humidity they gradually hydrolyze to salicylic and acetic acids.

Substance in pure form is a crystalline powder white and practically odorless. The appearance of an acetic acid odor is evidence that the substance has begun to hydrolyze.

viral infection, since such a combination can cause the development life-threatening child's condition - Reye's syndrome .

In newborn infants, salicylic acid can displace its connection with albumin bilirubin and promote development encephalopathy .

ASA easily penetrates into all fluids and tissues of the body, including cerebrospinal, synovial and peritoneal fluid.

In the presence of edema and inflammation, the penetration of salicylate into the joint cavity is accelerated. In the stage of inflammation, on the contrary, it slows down.

Acetylsalicylic acid and alcohol

Alcohol during the period of ASA is contraindicated. This combination can cause stomach and intestinal bleeding, as well as severe hypersensitivity reactions.

What is Acetylsalicylic acid used for hangovers?

ASC is very effective means from a hangover, which is due to the antiplatelet effect of the drug.

However, you should remember that it is better to take the tablet not while drinking alcohol, but about 2 hours before the feast. This reduces the risk of formation microthrombi V small vessels brain and - partly - tissue edema.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Acetylsalicylic acid is contraindicated during pregnancy. Especially in the first and last three months of gestation. In the early stages, taking the drug may increase the risk of developing birth defects, in the later stages - post-term pregnancy and weakening of labor.

ASA and its metabolites pass into milk in small quantities. After accidentally taking the drug, no side effects were observed in infants, and therefore interrupt breast-feeding(GV), as a rule, is not necessary.

If a woman is shown long-term treatment high doses of ASA, it is necessary to stop breastfeeding.

Acetylsalicylic acid is an effective antipyretic and analgesic. With the advent modern analogues the medicine was included in the obsolete list, as it has many side effects. The drug may be harmful to children and is therefore not recommended for use.

The medicine is available in the form of traditional tablets and effervescent tablets. The drug is taken after meals, washed down with a large volume. warm water, alkaline liquid or milk will also work.

The dosage of the medicine is mainly determined by the doctor. You can take no more than 1000 mg of the drug at a time, but not less than 40 mg. On average, a single dose is 250 or 500 mg of the active substance.

You can take the medicine several times a day. After one dose, at least 4 hours should pass. If we're talking about about a child, the maximum amount of active substance per day for him is three grams.

Depending on the purpose of taking the medicine, the duration of its use is determined. If it is used, then treatment should not exceed three days. When used for migraines, it should be taken for no more than a week. Otherwise, there will be a danger to human health.

From temperature

An increase in body temperature is not a signal to reduce it. If it does not exceed 38.5 degrees during an infectious disease, then the body is able to cope with it on its own. Higher temperatures require taking an antipyretic.

• For children under 4 years of age, the dosage is a quarter of a tablet;
• From 5 to 9 years, the single dose increases to 0.5 tablets;
• Children over 10 years old can take 1 tablet.

For headaches

Acetylsalicylic acid helps with migraines. If we are talking about a child, then this medicine should be used in as a last resort and only for older children. A single dose is no more than 0.5 or 1 tablet. After which you need to sleep or rest. Do not forget, the drug eliminates pain, but does not cure the disease.

For toothache

The drug is able to fight. Of course, its effect is not immediate and does not completely relieve pain. Efficiency directly depends on the causes of the ailment.

The drug is not able to completely eliminate the dental problem. It is aimed at eliminating the feeling of discomfort. Since the active substance does not relieve inflammation, but only alleviates the course of the disease.

For acne

Acne becomes a real problem for teenagers. Good for fighting them this medicine. It relieves inflammation, kills bacteria and dries the skin.

Grind one tablet and mix with water. Apply the solution to the problem area of ​​the skin. You can also use a mask. To prepare it you need three tablets, four drops of water and five grams of honey. The pulp is mixed and applied to the face. The duration of one procedure is 15 minutes.

Acne medication is used no more than once a week. Otherwise, it will lead to dry skin.

To thin the blood

The drug can improve blood condition, but only with long-term use. It can be taken both for treatment and for preventive purposes. If it is needed normalize blood consistency in a short time, then prescribe 1 tablet per day.

For prevention, a quarter is enough. It is taken before bed after meals. It is recommended to dissolve the tablet and wash it down with water.

Can it be given to children?

Regular use of the drug can lead to the development of Reye's syndrome, since children's body has an undeveloped defense system. In more early age Aspirin is used only as prescribed by a doctor.

The main contraindications include:

• Individual intolerance to components;
• Ulcerative and renal diseases;
• Problems with foldability blood;
• Liver diseases;
• Aspirin asthma.

If you neglect these restrictions, then there is a high probability of side effects:

• The functioning of the stomach is disrupted;
• Poor urine excretion;
• Blood creation deteriorates;
• There is blood coming from the nose;
• Appears headache, tinnitus and dizziness.

Analogs and price

The cost of the medicine is low. On average, the price ranges from 5 to 15 rubles per package.

There are many analogues of the drug. The most popular are and. Their use is safe for children. They reduce heat well. Can be used to treat children over 1 month of age.

Formula: C9H8O4, chemical name: 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid.
Pharmacological group: non-narcotic analgesics/antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/salicylic acid derivatives.
Pharmachologic effect: anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antiaggregant.

Pharmacological properties

Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) and irreversibly inhibits metabolism arachidonic acid, blocks the formation of thromboxane and prostaglandins (PGD2, PGA2, PGF2alpha, PGE2, PGE1 and others). Reduces hyperemia, capillary permeability, exudation, hyaluronidase activity, reduces the energy supply of the inflammation process by blocking the formation of ATP. Acts on the subcortical centers of pain sensitivity and thermoregulation. Reduces the level of prostaglandins (mainly PGE1) in the thermoregulatory center, which leads to a decrease in body temperature due to dilation of skin vessels and increased sweating. The analgesic effect is determined by the effect on the center of pain sensitivity, the peripheral anti-inflammatory effect and the ability of salicylates to reduce the algogenic effect of bradykinin. A decrease in the level of thromboxane A2 in platelets leads to irreversible suppression of aggregation and slightly dilates blood vessels. The antiplatelet effect persists for a week after a single dose. Clinical studies have shown that at doses up to 30 mg, a significant reduction in platelet adhesiveness is achieved. Increases the fibrinolytic activity of plasma and reduces the level of coagulation factors (VII, II, IX, X), which depend on vitamin K. Enhances the excretion of uric acid, since its reabsorption into the bloodstream is impaired. renal tubules. Acetylsalicylic acid is almost completely absorbed after oral administration. If the dosage form has a shell that is resistant to gastric juice, which prevents the drug from being absorbed in the stomach, is absorbed into small intestine (upper section). When absorbed, it undergoes presystemic elimination in the intestines and liver (deacetylation process). The absorbed part is hydrolyzed very quickly, so the half-life of acetylsalicylic acid is no more than 20 minutes. Circulates in the body and is distributed in tissues as an anion of salicylic acid. Maximum concentration develops after 2 hours. Does not bind to plasma proteins. After biotransformation processes in the liver, metabolites are formed that are found in urine and many tissues. Salicylates are eliminated by active secretion in the renal tubules in the form of metabolites and in unchanged form. Excretion depends on urine pH (with alkaline reaction urine ionization of salicylates increases, which worsens their reabsorption and significantly increases excretion).

Indications

Ischemic disease; silent myocardial ischemia; myocardial infarction (to reduce the risks of death and recurrent infarction); unstable angina; development prevention coronary disease(in the presence of several predisposing factors); ischemic stroke in men; repeated transient cerebral ischemia; prosthetic heart valves (for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism); balloon coronary angioplasty and during stenting (to reduce the possibility of re-stenosis and therapy for secondary dissection coronary arteries); aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease); non-atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (Kawasaki disease); vices mitral valve; atrial fibrillation; recurrent thromboembolism pulmonary artery; mitral valve prolapse (to prevent thromboembolism); Dressler's syndrome; acute thrombophlebitis; pulmonary infarction; fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases; mild and moderate pain syndrome of various origins, including lumbago, chest pain radicular syndrome, headache, neuralgia, migraine, toothache, arthralgia, myalgia, algodismenorrhea; in allergology and immunology it is used for “aspirin” desensitization and the formation of tolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with the “aspirin” triad and “aspirin” asthma. According to indications, it is used for rheumatism, rheumatic chorea, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis, pericarditis - but now very rare.

Method of use of acetylsalicylic acid and dose

Acetylsalicylic acid is taken orally, preferably after a meal, with a sufficient amount of water, the dosage depends on the disease. Usually for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic agent - 500–1000 mg/day (up to 3 g) divided into 3 doses. For the treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as for its prevention in patients who have previously had a heart attack, 40–325 mg (usually 160 mg) once a day. To reduce platelet aggregation, 300–325 mg/day for a long time. For cerebral thromboembolism, dynamic circulatory disorders in men, including for the prevention of relapses, 325 mg/day, gradually increasing to 1 g/day. To prevent occlusion or thrombosis of the aortic shunt - 325 mg every 7 hours through a gastric tube inserted intranasally, then 325 mg orally 3 times a day for a long time.
If you miss your next dose of acetylsalicylic acid, you need to take it as you remember. next appointment make after the specified time from the last dose.
The use of acetylsalicylic acid together with glucocorticoids and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not recommended. A week before the proposed surgical intervention, you need to stop taking the drug (to reduce bleeding during the operation and in the period after it). The possibility of developing gastropathy is reduced when consumed after meals and when using tablets that are coated with special enteric coatings or contain buffer additives. The risk of bleeding is considered to be lowest when used in doses

Contraindications and restrictions for use

Hypersensitivity (including “aspirin” asthma, “aspirin” triad), hemorrhagic diathesis(von Willebrand disease, hemophilia, telangiectasia), heart failure, aortic aneurysm (dissecting), erosive-ulcerative acute and recurrent diseases gastrointestinal tract, acute liver or renal failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypoprothrombinemia (before treatment), thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, breastfeeding, pregnancy (I and III trimester), age under 15 years when used as an antipyretic . Limit the intake of acetylsalicylic acid for hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, gout, peptic ulcer, severe renal and liver dysfunction, bronchial asthma, COPD, nasal polyposis, uncontrolled arterial hypertension.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of salicylates in the first trimester of pregnancy in large doses associated with an increased incidence of fetal defects (heart defects, cleft palate). Salicylates can be prescribed in the second trimester of pregnancy, but only taking into account an assessment of benefits and risks. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the use of salicylates is contraindicated. Salicylates and their metabolites penetrate into breast milk in small quantities. Accidental ingestion of salicylates during breastfeeding usually not accompanied adverse reactions in a child and does not require stopping breastfeeding. However, if you take salicylates for a long time or in large doses, then breastfeeding should be stopped.

Side effects of acetylsalicylic acid

Blood system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia;
digestive system: gastropathy (pain in the epigastric region, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, severe bleeding), loss of appetite; allergic reactions: hypersensitivity reactions (larynx edema, bronchospasm, urticaria), the formation of the “aspirin” triad (recurrent nasal polyposis, eosinophilic rhinitis, hyperplastic sinusitis) and “aspirin” bronchial asthma;
other: disorders of the kidneys and/or liver, Reye's syndrome in children, impaired potency in men (with long-term use).
Don't use aspirin healthy people to avoid bleeding in the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
For long-term use: headache, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, decreased hearing acuity, prerenal azotemia with increased blood creatinine and hypercalcemia, interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome, blood diseases, increased symptoms of congestive heart failure, aseptic meningitis, edema, increased concentrations of aminotransferases in the blood.

Interaction of acetylsalicylic acid with other substances

Acetylsalicylic acid increases the toxicity of methotrexate (by reducing its renal clearance), the effects of narcotic analgesics (propoxyphene, oxycodone, codeine), heparin, oral antidiabetic drugs, indirect anticoagulants, platelet aggregation inhibitors and thrombolytics, reduces the effects of uricosuric drugs (sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone), diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone), antihypertensive drugs. Paracetamol, antihistamines, caffeine increases the risk of side effects. Glucocorticoids, ethanol (and drugs containing it) increase negative action on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and increase clearance. Increases the concentration of barbiturates, lithium salts, digoxin in plasma. Antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium inhibit and impair the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid. Myelotoxic drugs enhance the hematotoxicity of acetylsalicylic acid.

Overdose

May occur with prolonged therapy or after taking a large dose once (less than 150 mg/kg is mild poisoning, 150–300 mg/kg is moderate, with more than high doses– heavy). Symptoms of overdose: salicylicism (vomiting, tinnitus, nausea, blurred vision, severe headache, dizziness, general malaise, fever). In more severe poisonings - stupor, coma and convulsions, pulmonary edema, severe dehydration, renal failure, acid-base disorders (first - respiratory alkalosis, then - metabolic acidosis), shock. At chronic overdoses concentrations that are determined in plasma do not correlate well with the severity of poisoning. Chronic intoxication most often develops in elderly patients when consuming more than 100 mg/kg/day for several days. In such patients and children initial signs in the form of salicylicism do not always manifest themselves, therefore it is periodically necessary to determine the level of salicylates in the blood (more than 70 mg% indicate moderate or severe poisoning; more than 100 mg% - extremely severe, which has an unfavorable prognosis). In case of poisoning moderate severity requires hospitalization for at least a day. Treatment: induce vomiting, take laxatives and activated carbon, monitoring electrolyte balance and acid-base status; administration of sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate solution or citrate - if necessary. Alkalinization of urine is necessary when the level of salicylates is more than 40 mg%; sodium bicarbonate is administered intravenously - 88 mEq in 1 liter of 5% glucose solution, at a rate of 10–15 ml/kg/h. It should be remembered that intensive fluid administration to elderly patients can lead to pulmonary edema. Acetazolamide should not be used to alkalinize urine. Hemodialysis is recommended for salicylate concentrations greater than 100–130 mg%, and for chronic poisoning - 40 mg% or lower, if indicated (refractory acidosis, heavy defeat CNS, progressive deterioration, renal failure, pulmonary edema). In case of pulmonary edema, mechanical ventilation with an oxygen-enriched mixture in positive end-expiratory pressure mode is necessary; osmotic diuresis and hyperventilation are used to treat cerebral edema.

Trade names of drugs with the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid

Scientists from Vanderbilt University School of Medicine found that daily exposure to aspirin for five years or more significantly reduced the risk of developing stomach, colon, lung, breast, pancreas and prostate cancers. The risk is reduced even when taking small doses of acetylsalicylic acid (for example, 81 milligrams per day). In addition, if a person between the ages of 50 and 65 started taking daily aspirin and continued taking it for, at least, 10 years, cancer risk and cardiovascular diseases decreased by 9% in men and by about 7% in women. But when aspirin is discontinued, this risk increases sharply.