home Diseases If the child's uric acid is higher than normal. Elevated uric acid. Causes, treatment, diet

If the child's uric acid is higher than normal. Elevated uric acid. Causes, treatment, diet

What is uric acid? This is a component of not only urine, but also blood. It is a marker of purine metabolism. Its concentration in the blood helps specialists diagnose a number of diseases, including gout. Based on the level of this element in the blood, you can monitor the body’s response to treatment.

What is this element?

In the human body there are constantly metabolic processes. The result of the exchange can be salts, acids, alkalis and many other chemical compounds. To get rid of them, they need to be delivered to the appropriate part of the body. This task is performed with the help of blood, which is filtered by the kidneys. This explains the presence of uric acid in urine.

Let's look at what this is in more detail. Uric acid is the end product of the breakdown of purine bases. These elements enter the body with food. Purines are involved in the synthesis process nucleic acids(DNA and RNA), energy molecules ATP, as well as coenzymes.

It is worth noting that purines are not the only source of uric acid formation. It can be the result of the breakdown of body cells due to disease or old age. The source for the formation of uric acid can be synthesis in any cell of the human body.

The breakdown of purines occurs in the liver and intestines. The cells of the mucous membrane secrete a special enzyme - xanthine oxidase, with which purines react. The end result This "transformation" is acid.

It contains sodium and calcium salts. The share of the first component is 90%. In addition to salts, this includes hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon.

If uric acid is higher than normal, this indicates a metabolic disorder. As a result of such a malfunction, people experience the deposition of salts in their tissues, and as a result, severe diseases develop.

Functions of uric acid

Despite the fact that excess uric acid can cause significant harm to the body, it is still impossible to do without it. She performs protective functions and has beneficial properties.

For example, in the process of protein metabolism, it acts as a catalyst. Its influence also extends to hormones responsible for brain activity- adrenaline and norepinephrine. This means that its presence in the blood helps stimulate brain function. Its effect is similar to caffeine. People who have high levels of uric acid in their blood from birth are more active and proactive.

It has acidic and antioxidant properties that help heal wounds and fight inflammation.

Uric acid performs protective functions in the human body. She fights free radicals. As a result, the risk of the appearance and development of benign and cancerous tumors is reduced.

Submission of analysis

A similar test is prescribed to determine the patient’s health status, as well as to diagnose a disease that could cause an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. To obtain true results, you must first prepare for donating blood.

You cannot eat 8 hours before visiting the laboratory; biomaterial is collected on an empty stomach. Spicy, salty and peppery foods, meat and offal, and legumes should be excluded from the menu. This diet should be followed for 24 hours before donating blood. During this same period, you should stop drinking alcoholic beverages, especially wine and beer.

Uric acid may be higher than normal due to stress, emotional stress or physical activity on the eve of the test.

The results can also be distorted medications with a diuretic effect, vitamin C, caffeine, beta-blockers and ibuprofen. If you cannot refuse such medications, you should warn your doctor before taking the test.

The laboratory will take deoxygenated blood. The results of the study are prepared within 24 hours.

Uric acid level in blood test

If the results of the biochemical analysis showed figures corresponding to the data given in the table below, then everything is normal.

Age category (years)		Uric acid levels (µmol/l)
Children under 12		120-330
Up to 60	Men	250-400
Up to 60	Women	200-300
From 60	Men	250-480
From 60	Women	210-430
From90	Men	210-490
From90	Women	130-460

As can be seen from the table, the level increases with age. Highest value in older men, this is the normal level of uric acid in the blood, since the need for proteins in the male body is higher. This means that they consume more foods rich in purine and, as a result, increased uric acid in the blood.

What can cause deviations from the norm?

The level of uric acid in the blood depends on the balance of 2 processes:

Protein synthesis;
The intensity of excretion of the final products of protein metabolism.

When a protein metabolism disorder occurs, this can provoke an increase in the content of this acid in the blood. Concentrations of uric acid in the blood plasma above the normal range are referred to as hyperuricemia, concentrations below the normal range are referred to as hypouricemia. Concentrations of uric acid in urine above and below normal are known as hyperuricosuria and hypouricosuria. Salivary uric acid levels may be related to blood uric acid levels.

Causes of hyperuricemia:

Taking diuretics (diuretics);
Decrease in the intensity of excretion of substances by the kidneys;
Toxicosis;
Alcoholism;
Kidney failure;
Malnutrition or long fasting.

Increased levels can also occur in diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, cancer, etc.

It is worth noting that even a slightly increased level of this substance can cause the formation of solid deposits of uric acid salts - urates - in organs and tissues.

Increased rate

Now we’ll find out why uric acid in the blood is elevated: causes, symptoms and consequences.

In medicine, hyperuricemia is divided into two types: primary and secondary.

Primary hyperuricemia

This type is congenital or idiopathic. This pathology occurs with a frequency of 1%. Such patients have a hereditary defect in the structure of the enzyme, which affects the processing of purine. As a result, there is a high level of uric acid in the blood.

The appearance of secondary hyperuricemia can occur due to poor nutrition. Use in large quantities foods containing purine can significantly increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine.

This type of hyperuricemia may be associated with the following conditions:

Gout - painful condition, caused by needle-shaped crystals of uric acid deposited in joints, capillaries, skin and other tissues. Gout can occur if the serum uric acid level reaches 360 µmol/L, but there are cases when the serum uric acid value reaches 560 µmol/L without causing gout.

IN human body purines are metabolized into uric acid, which is then excreted in the urine. Regular consumption of certain types of purine-rich foods - meat, especially beef and pork liver (liver, heart, tongue, kidneys) and some types of seafood, including anchovies, herring, sardines, mussels, scallops, trout, haddock, mackerel and tuna. There are also foods whose consumption is less dangerous: turkey, chicken and rabbit. Moderate consumption Purine-rich vegetables are not associated with an increased risk of gout. Gout used to be called the “disease of kings” because gourmet dishes and red wine contain high levels of purines.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

This extremely rare inherited disorder is also associated with high serum uric acid levels. This syndrome causes spasticity, involuntary movement and cognitive retardation, as well as manifestations of gout.

Hyperuricemia may increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Stones in the kidneys

Saturated levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to one form of kidney stones when urates crystallize in the kidneys. Crystals acetic acid may also contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones by acting as "seed crystals"

Kelly-Siegmiller syndrome;

Increased activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase synthesis;

Patients with this disease undergo a biochemical test for increased uric acid annually.

Secondary hyperuricemia

This phenomenon may be a sign of the following diseases:

AIDS;
Fanconi syndrome;
Cancerous tumors;
Diabetes mellitus (Hyperuricemia may be a consequence of insulin resistance in diabetes, and not its precursor);
High degree burns;
Hypereosinophilia syndrome.

There are other reasons for increased uric acid - impaired kidney function. They cannot remove excess acids from the body. As a result, kidney stones may appear.

High levels of uric acid are observed in the following diseases:

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

There are cases when the patient has no symptoms of the disease, but the indicators are elevated. This condition called asymptomatic hyperuricemia. It occurs in acute gouty arthritis. Indicators for this disease are unstable. At first, the acid content seems to be normal, but after a while the numbers can double. However, these changes do not affect the patient’s well-being. This course of the disease is possible in 10% of patients.

Symptoms of hyperuricemia

With hyperuricemia, symptoms vary age groups are different.

In very young children, the disease manifests itself in the form of skin rashes: diathesis, dermatitis, allergies or psoriasis. The peculiarity of such manifestations is their resistance to standard methods of therapy.

In older children, the symptoms are somewhat different. They may have stomach pain, slurred speech, and bedwetting.

The course of the disease in adults is accompanied by joint pain. The feet and joints of the fingers are the first to be affected. Then the disease spreads its effect to the knee and elbow joints. IN advanced cases, skin covering over the affected area turns red and becomes hot. Over time, patients begin to experience pain in the stomach and lower back during urination. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the blood vessels and nervous system will suffer. The person will suffer from insomnia and headache. All this can lead to heart attack, angina and hypertension.

Treatment

Some specialists prescribe medications to ensure that uric acid in the blood is normal. But a certain food diet over the rest of life is more effective method treatment.

If the patient has hyperuricemia, treatment includes dieting. The patient's diet additionally includes:

Carrot juice;

Birch juice;

Flax seed;

Celery juice;

Oatmeal broth;

Cranberry juice;

Rosehip infusion.

These herbal infusions and juices contribute to the rapid dissolution and leaching of salt deposits from the body.

Fatty foods, meat broths, fried, salted, smoked and pickled foods are excluded. Meat can only be eaten boiled or baked. It is recommended to stop using meat broths, since purines are transferred from the meat into the broth when cooked. Meat intake limit – 3 times a week.

Under special prohibition alcoholic drinks. In exceptional cases, only 30 g of vodka is allowed. Beer and red wine are especially contraindicated.

Give preference to alkaline mineral water.

Salt consumption should be kept to a minimum. Ideally, it is better to abandon it altogether.

It is necessary to monitor the frequency of food intake. Fasting can only worsen the patient's condition and increase uric acid levels. Therefore, the number of meals per day should be 5-6 times. It is better to spend fasting days on fermented milk products and fruits.

Some types of products should be excluded from the menu:

Apples, potatoes, plums, pears, and apricots help reduce uric acid levels. You should also monitor water balance– 2.5 liters of liquid per day should be drunk.

High acid levels in the blood can also be treated with physiotherapeutic procedures. This way, plasmapheresis will help cleanse the blood of excess salts. Don't neglect therapeutic exercises. A number of simple exercises (leg swings, “bicycle”, walking in place, etc.) will help stabilize metabolism. Massage also helps break down uric acid salts.

Medicines that are prescribed include complexes that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic and analgesic properties. There are 3 types of drugs for hyperuricemia:

Actions aimed at removing excess uric acid: Probenecid, aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol.
Helps reduce acid production. They are prescribed to patients who have had urolithiasis and those diagnosed with renal failure;
Helping to transfer uric acid from the tissue into the blood, and promoting its excretion: “Zinkhoven”.

The course of treatment includes diagnosis and elimination concomitant diseases and the factors that caused them. Thereby eliminating the reasons that caused the increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. If uric acid in the blood is elevated, this negatively affects a person’s condition. Salt sediment settles on tissues and organs. Treatment for such a deviation is varied: diet, physiotherapy, medications and ethnoscience. All these techniques together can help normalize acid levels.

When uric acid in the blood is elevated, the causes, symptoms and treatment are closely related. Sodium salt uric acid in the blood of women and men is one of the necessary components of the biochemical processes involved in protein metabolism. This substance is produced in the liver by breaking down nucleotides coming from the intestines and oxidizing oxypurines. Once it reaches the kidneys, uric acid is filtered and reabsorbed.

Normal levels of uric acid in the body must be maintained to perform the following functions:

maintaining brain activity;
role of antioxidant;
increased production of certain hormones;
preventing the transformation of benign tissues into malignant ones;
antiviral effect;
stimulation of the central nervous system;
maintaining normal immunity.

In young and middle-aged men, the concentration of this substance should be 260-400 µmol/l, and after 60 years it increases to 500 µmol/l. The norm for women of reproductive age ranges from 200-310 µmol/l. For women over 50 years of age, the level of uric acid in the blood varies from 300 to 600 µmol/l. In children, regardless of gender, levels should be from 120 to 300 µmol/l.

The reasons for the increase in uric acid in the human body can be very diverse. From nonspecific factors that influence the development of this deviation can be identified:

long-term use of certain medications, for example diuretics, anti-tuberculosis drugs;
overconsumption products containing increased amount purine bases (meat, sausages, fish, beans, red wine);
alcohol abuse;
prolonged fasting, as a result of which the normal activity of the kidneys is disrupted;
increased physical activity.

An increased level of uric acid in the blood may appear in the presence of the following pathologies:

gout;
high blood pressure, which is regular;
renal failure;
insufficient intake of vitamin B12;
violation endocrine function body;
lack of calcium in the body;
liver inflammation;
increased levels of lipoproteins and cholesterol in the body;
obesity;
erectile disfunction;
urolithiasis and other kidney diseases;
inflammation of the bile ducts;
hematopoietic disorder;
diseases that occur with severe tissue damage (for example, burn shock);
diabetes.

In cases where uric acid is elevated, the reasons may be the presence of certain genetic diseases, for example, Down syndrome or Lesch-Nyhan syndrome ( genetic disease, characterized by the accumulation of purines in the blood).

If it happens slight increase uric acid in the blood, then general health a person may not change. Prominent symptoms are caused exclusively by regular hyperuricemia (during this disease, uric acid tends to increase), which also carries a certain health hazard. Her clinical symptoms depends on physiological state body, as well as the age and gender of the person.

In children, increased acid content causes skin disorders (diaper dermatitis, diathesis, allergic manifestations, psoriasis), which are permanent. main feature such manifestations lies in their resistance to traditional methods of treatment. Often in such cases, children are tried year after year to cure allergies or other skin diseases, having no idea about the real reason for their occurrence. In children aged 5 to 12 years, hyperuricemia can cause regular abdominal pain, periodic urinary incontinence, speech disorders, nervous tic and even stuttering.

When elevated acid levels occur in adults, the main manifestation is joint pain. This occurs due to the accumulation of sodium salts in them. Moreover, first the area of disturbance spreads to the small joints of the hands and feet, and then this phenomenon affects the knee and elbow joints.

Due to the lack of treatment for this disease, the skin on the affected area becomes hot and acquires a reddish tint, the joints begin to swell, and painful sensations are intensifying. In addition to the joints, the pathology affects the urinary organs excretory system And digestive tract. Often the patient complains of pain during urination (which is often mistaken for cystitis), as well as pain in the abdomen and lumbar region. In addition, with hyperuricemia, a person complains of increased fatigue, apathy, and constant lack of strength.

If no further measures are taken, high levels of uric acid can cause disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. As a result, a person experiences constant headaches, insomnia, and high blood pressure. IN severe cases this can lead to a heart attack and the development of angina.

It should be noted that secondary hyperuricemia is most often diagnosed in males over 45-50 years of age, female body less susceptible this disease. Disputes among researchers about why this happens continue to this day.

How to treat this disease is decided directly by the attending physician and only after an accurate diagnosis has been established. It is possible to determine that this substance is in excess using an ordinary biochemical blood test.

To get the most accurate results, you should prepare to donate blood in advance. So, a few days before the test, you need to start following a purine diet.

The day before donating blood you must:

drink only regular still water;
do not use chewing gum;
to refuse from bad habits;
avoid stressful situations and strong psycho-emotional stress.

Blood donation occurs in morning time. In this case, it is necessary that at least 12 hours have passed since the last meal.

If uric acid is elevated in the human body, first of all, doctors try to identify and block the source of excessive intake of this substance, after which painful symptoms are eliminated and comprehensive treatment is prescribed.

The patient is prescribed medications that promote quick removal from the body of excess uric acid (Probenecid, Allopurinol), as well as anti-padagric medical supplies, such as Milurit, Purinol, Remid, Sanfipurol, Allozyme. In addition, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be required. If a person is tortured severe pain, he is prescribed painkillers: Ketanov, No-Shpa, Nurofen, Bral, Mig 400, Analgin. Manifestations of the disease in the form of gout in the joints are treated only externally, using compresses and certain anti-inflammatory ointments: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Piroxicam, Ketoprofen.

In addition to the use of medications, a certain diet must be followed during the treatment period. Recommended:

eat food in small portions 4-5 times a day;
reduce consumption or completely remove from the diet foods high in purine bases;
limit consumption of fried and smoked foods;
consume more dairy products;
stop drinking alcohol, strong coffee, black and green tea, carbonated drinks and fruit juices;
drink at least 1.5 liters of pure still water per day;
increase the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet;
reduce the amount of salt consumed;
arrange fasting days 1 time per week.

Increased level uric acid in the blood is not a fatal disease, but in the absence proper therapy can provoke a large number of unpleasant complications. Therefore, it is very important to seek help from a doctor at the first symptoms of such a deviation.

Uric acid is formed in the liver and is microscopic crystals of sodium salts. By itself, it is not toxic, but when it enters the blood plasma, this substance undergoes oxidation and helps remove excess nitrogen from the body. The kidneys are responsible for removing waste products, including uric acid. Normally, uric acid is evacuated along with urea, but if malfunctions occur in the liver or kidneys, salts accumulate and its concentration in the body increases. In such cases, doctors talk about hyperuricemia, which can be detected using laboratory tests.

Increased uric acid levels is one of the signs of the following diseases that have common name– “uricopathy”:

gout, rheumatism, arthritis. If the rate of UA synthesis exceeds the rate of its elimination from the body, the process is disrupted purine metabolism. The retention of this substance in the body affects the activity of the kidneys, renal failure develops, leading to problems with the joints: salts are deposited in the kidneys, joints, and other tissues;
atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease, ischemic disease hearts. Often, excess MK provokes arterial stenosis, which contributes to problems in cardiovascular system. Note that the relationship between increased uric acid levels and the risk of developing coronary diseases for scientists involved in medical research, becomes more and more obvious every year;
hypoparathyroidism. Hyperuricemia is usually accompanied by an increase in calcium levels: bone begins to suffer from its deficiency, and at the same time urate crystals become the nucleus for calcium stones;
diabetes mellitus, obesity, acromegaly and other diseases of the endocrine system. Metabolic disorders may be caused by hormonal hyperglycemia and impaired purine metabolism;
diseases the development of which is triggered by excess lipoproteins and cholesterol (stroke, heart attack, Alzheimer's disease, hypothyroidism and others);
hemolytic anemia, leukemia, polycythemia and other blood diseases. Due to an increase in the level of purine bases, blood viscosity increases;
scarlet fever, tuberculosis, pneumonia and some others acute infections;
liver diseases and biliary tract;
nephropathy;
eczema and psoriasis;
some cancers;
metabolic acidosis;
other.

If uric acid is elevated, symptoms this pathology will be:

diathesis in children, expressed in redness of the cheeks and the appearance of reddish spots on the skin of the arms, legs, and torso;
rapid formation of tartar;
increased fatigue;
chronic fatigue syndrome and general loss of strength.

The main role in the diagnosis of this disease is played by lab tests blood and urine.

Causes of hyperuricemia

Official Western medicine recognizes the reasons high content uric acid:

alcohol abuse;
excessive consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats;
excess fructose in the diet;
prolonged fasting;
immoderate physical exercise;
taking certain medications with diuretic properties;
diseases listed above.

In Tibetan medicine, energy imbalance is considered as the root cause of ailments accompanied by an increase in UA content. Impaired functioning of the liver, which produces too much uric acid, most often occurs due to disturbance of the “hot” “dosha” of Bile. Excessive heat in the body is caused by intense or frequent negative emotions: anger, rage, irritability, envy, etc. Moreover, the balance of this regulative constitution is greatly affected by frequent use alcoholic beverages, physical and mental overstrain, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity.

Lack of harmony in the “dosha” Mucus helps cool the body, and the kidneys are the first to respond to it: it is their dysfunction that provokes the accumulation of uric acid. Cold illnesses can be the result of stress, prolonged sadness, unreasonable anxiety, low self-esteem, self-criticism and other destructive experiences.

Another reason for this pathology is kidney prolapse, which interferes with normal metabolism and creates conditions for the deposition of urate in the joints.

Treatment of hyperuricemia in Tibetan medicine centers

To stop the process of increasing the concentration of uric acid in the blood, allopaths use rather aggressive, in the opinion of Eastern doctors, medications: diclofenac, ibuprofen, colchicine, indomethacin, etc. On the one hand, they can really relieve inflammation caused by salt deposition, but on the other hand, their use is fraught with ulceration of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and impaired blood circulation. That's why tibetan medicine– opponent drug therapy, Where side effects can completely obscure the beneficial properties.

The primary measure to combat diseases caused by metabolic disorders in the East is lifestyle changes: reasonable physical activity, peace of mind and correction eating habits in accordance with the natural "dosha". Both allopaths and Tibetan healers agree on the importance diets for high uric acid. The patient should exclude or extremely limit foods rich in purines in the diet, such as:

lamb, veal, meat of other young animals;
offal;
sausages;
salmon, tuna, trout, perch, herring, pike perch and some other types of fish;
shrimp, shellfish, crustaceans;
greens appearing in early spring;
products made from wheat and wheat flour;
canned foods;
chocolate;
dairy products;
mushrooms;
nuts;
legumes;
cold drinks;
coffee;
alcohol.

At integrated approach For treatment, Tibetan doctors personally prescribe courses of the following procedures to the patient:

In order to diagnose certain diseases, a blood test is prescribed for the content. In humans, this compound is found in tissues and some organs. Under certain factors and circumstances, uric acid levels increase with further crystal deposition in the kidneys and joints.

Uric acid is formed from purine bases. Purine states are also important for the body - they are supplied through foods. After entering the body, it occurs chemical reaction uric acid with carbon dioxide.

In the process of metabolism it plays important role, namely, it has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the central nervous system and brain, and also helps neutralize free radicals. In addition, this compound is necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids.The production of this compound occurs in the liver and is contained in the form of urates in the blood plasma and lymph. Excretion occurs through the kidneys.

When and why is analysis prescribed?

A blood test for uric acid levels is prescribed if the function is impaired. This analysis may be prescribed to confirm or refute the diagnosis, as well as to adjust treatment.

If the patient complains of the following symptoms, then a blood test is also prescribed:

This analysis is taken from people who have a history of ischemic disease, gout or urolithiasis. A test for uric acid levels should also be taken to adjust treatment and monitor the level of the indicator in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Diagnosis and level of uric acid in the blood

They are taken to assess the functional activity of the urinary system. In the results, the doctor evaluates not only the concentration of uric acid, but also other indicators in general.

To obtain an informative result, you must adhere to certain rules in preparation for the study:

A blood test must be taken on an empty stomach. If necessary, you can drink clean still water.
The patient should not eat for 8 hours before blood collection. Until the test is taken, you should follow a diet that includes avoiding purine foods. You should also not drink alcohol.
If the patient is taking diuretics, then you should stop taking them and discuss this with your doctor.
It should be remembered that when carrying out drug therapy, preparation for blood tests is specified by the attending physician.
Blood serum is taken for analysis. The results can be found out the next day.

If the results of a blood test show an increase in acid levels, the patient is prescribed a 24-hour urine sample for testing.Some medications may affect the test result, namely: Piroxicam, Ibuprofen, Insulin, vitamin C, etc.

The level of uric acid in the blood:

Normally, the level of uric acid in the blood in men should be 7 mg/dL, but not exceed this figure. The optimal concentration is 210-420 µm/l.
In women, this indicator should normally be in the range of 150-350 µm/l.
For children normal value uric acid in the body should be 120-320 microns/l.

An increase in uric acid is most often observed among men, as they more women use harmful products. Besides male body has a need for proteins, which in turn are a source of purine compounds. EIf the level of this compound in the blood increases slightly and is observed rarely, then this is not a cause for concern.

Reasons and dangers of increasing the indicator

Increased concentrations of uric acid promote the formation of sodium urate. This is salt that is deposited in joints and tissues in the form of nodules. Quite often they form on the hands, ears, or feet. Can also be seen on the surface of the joints.

The increase in uric acid in the blood depends on purine metabolism, tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Acid can be produced in large quantities or slowly excreted from the body.An increase in blood levels may be due to poor nutrition and hereditary predisposition.

IN medical practice An increase in uric acid is called hyperuricemia.

Possible causes of hyperuricemia:

Use of diuretics.
Hemolytic anemia.
Hemolysis.

More information about uric acid can be found in the video:

Also, an increased level of the indicator may indicate:

The increase in uric acid may be associated with certain diseases: inflammatory processes in gallbladder, liver, kidneys, vitamin deficiency, obesity, bronchial asthma.
The indicator can be observed above normal with high blood sugar levels, alcohol poisoning, and skin diseases.
At high levels, gout often develops. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the joints due to the deposition of uric acid salts. Excessive accumulation of salts causes friction during movement and the patient experiences severe pain.
An increased concentration of uric acid in the body can be manifested by symptoms such as pain in the lower back, decreased urine volume, pain during urination, etc.
Children in the background high level uric acid may be observed diaper dermatitis, enuresis, diathesis, pain in the abdominal area.
In advanced cases, when the concentration of uric acid significantly exceeds the norm, clogging of the kidneys with various toxic substances is observed. Against this background, they cannot function normally.

Hyperuricemia in chronic form may cause damage to the central nervous system and blood vessels. Patients complain of hypertension, sleep disorders, headaches, etc.

How to normalize the indicator level?

You can normalize the level in the body if you follow your doctor’s recommendations and take necessary medications. Among the drugs, the doctor may prescribe Allopurinol, Fenofibrate, Losartin, Urodan, Urolesan, etc. Medicines are assigned on an individual basis.

In addition, medications are prescribed to eliminate symptoms. If the increase in uric acid is due to the development of gout, then use non-steroidal drugs, uricodepressive and uricosuric drugs. Last group promotes increased urine production, which allows you to cleanse the body of accumulated salt.

It is important to know that medications have contraindications and side effects, so only a doctor can prescribe them. It is important to note that in order to achieve positive result Drug treatment alone is not enough.

An important component successful treatment is proper nutrition.

To avoid increasing the level of uric acid in the blood, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of proper nutrition and healthy image life. You should eat small portions 5-6 times a day. It is important to exclude processed meat and fish products from your diet. You need to drink at least 2 liters of liquid per day.

Food should be prepared without adding sugar or salt. Should be excluded from the diet fatty fish, canned food, offal, beans, peas, tomatoes, hot spices, etc. It is useful to eat porridge, Rye bread, boiled rabbit or turkey meat, vegetables, lean fish, seafood, etc. It is strictly forbidden to fast, as this also affects the level of uric acid in the body.

Uric acid in the blood: norms and deviations, why it increases, diet to reduce

It would seem that a substance such as uric acid is difficult to combine with blood. In urine it’s a different matter, that’s where it belongs. Meanwhile, various metabolic processes are constantly taking place in the body with the formation of salts, acids, alkalis and other chemical compounds that are excreted in urine and gastrointestinal tract from the body, entering there from the bloodstream.

Uric acid (UA) is also present in the blood and is formed in small quantities from purine bases. Necessary for the body purine bases mainly come from outside, from food products, and are used in the synthesis of nucleic acids, although they are also produced by the body in some quantities. As for uric acid, it is the end product of purine metabolism and, in general, is not needed by the body. Its elevated level (hyperuricemia) indicates a violation of purine metabolism and can threaten the deposition of unnecessary salts in joints and other tissues, causing not only discomfort, but also serious illnesses.

Uric acid level and increased concentration

The level of uric acid in the blood of men should not exceed 7.0 mg/dL (70.0 mg/L) or be in the range of 0.24 - 0.50 mmol/L. In women, the norm is slightly lower - up to 5.7 mg/dl (57 mg/l) or 0.16 - 0.44 mmol/l, respectively.

The UA formed during purine metabolism must dissolve in the plasma in order to subsequently leave through the kidneys, but plasma cannot dissolve more than 0.42 mmol/l of uric acid. Normally, 2.36–5.90 mmol/day (250–750 mg/day) is removed from the body in urine.

With his high concentration uric acid forms a salt (sodium urate), which is deposited in tophi (peculiar nodules) in various types tissues with affinity for MK. Most often, tophi can be observed on the ears, hands, feet, but the favorite place is the surface of the joints (elbow, ankle) and tendon sheaths. IN in rare cases they are capable of merging and forming ulcers, from which urate crystals emerge as a white dry mass. Sometimes urates are found in synovial bursae, causing inflammation, pain, and limited mobility (synovitis). Uric acid salts can be found in bones with the development of destructive changes in bone tissue.

The level of uric acid in the blood depends on its production during purine metabolism, glomerular filtration and reabsorption, as well as tubular secretion. Most often, an increased concentration of sUA is a consequence of poor nutrition, especially for people with hereditary pathology(autosomal dominant or X-linked fermentopathy), in which the body's production of uric acid increases or its elimination slows down. Genetically determined hyperuricemia is called primary, secondary follows from a number of others pathological conditions or is formed under the influence of lifestyle.

Thus, we can conclude that The causes of increased uric acid in the blood (excessive production or delayed excretion) are:

Genetic factor;
Poor nutrition;
Renal failure (impaired glomerular filtration, decreased tubular secretion - UA does not pass from the bloodstream into the urine);
Accelerated nucleotide metabolism (lympho- and myeloproliferative diseases, hemolytic).
The use of salicylic drugs and.

The main reasons for the increase...

Medicine calls one of the reasons for the increase in uric acid in the blood poor nutrition, namely, consuming an unreasonable amount of foods that accumulate purine substances. These are smoked products (fish and meat), canned food (especially sprats), beef and pork liver, kidneys, fried meat dishes, mushrooms and other all sorts of goodies. The great love for these products leads to the fact that necessary for the body purine bases are absorbed, and the final product, uric acid, turns out to be unnecessary.

It should be noted that products of animal origin, which play an important role in increasing the concentration of uric acid, since they carry purine bases, usually contain large amounts cholesterol. Being carried away by such favorite dishes, without observing measures, a person can apply Double punch according to your body.

A diet low in purines consists of dairy products, pears and apples, cucumbers (not pickled, of course), berries, potatoes and other vegetables in fresh. Canning, frying or any kind of “witchcraft” over semi-finished products noticeably worsens the quality of food in this regard (the content of purines in food and the accumulation of uric acid in the body).

...And the main manifestations

Excess uric acid is carried throughout the body, where the expression of its behavior can have several options:

Urate crystals are deposited and form microtophi in cartilage, bone and connective tissues, causing gouty diseases. Urates accumulated in cartilage are often released from tophi. This is usually preceded by exposure to factors that provoke hyperuricemia, for example, a new supply of purines and, accordingly, uric acid. Salt crystals are captured by white blood cells (phagocytosis) and are found in the synovial fluid of the joints (synovitis). This is an acute attack gouty arthritis .
Urates entering the kidneys can be deposited in the interstitial renal tissue and lead to the formation gouty nephropathy, and then - and renal failure. The first symptoms of the disease can be considered a permanently low specific gravity of urine with the appearance of protein in it and an increase blood pressure (arterial hypertension), subsequently changes occur in the organs of the excretory system, and pyelonephritis develops. The completion of the process is considered to be the formation renal failure.
Increased uric acid content, formation of salts(urates and calcium stones) with its retention in the kidneys + increased acidity urine in most cases leads to the development kidney stone disease.

All movements and transformations of uric acid that determine its behavior as a whole can be interconnected or exist in isolation (depending on who it is).

Uric acid and gout

When talking about purines, uric acid, diet, it is impossible to ignore such an unpleasant disease as gout. In most cases, it is associated with MK, and besides, it is difficult to call it rare.

Gout predominantly develops in mature males and sometimes runs in families. Elevated levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia) are observed long before symptoms of the disease appear.

The first attack of gout is also bright clinical picture no different, just sick thumb some leg, and after five days the person again feels completely healthy and forgets about this annoying misunderstanding. The following attack can appear after a long period of time and is more pronounced:

Treating the disease is not easy, and sometimes it is not harmless to the body as a whole. Therapy aimed at manifestation pathological changes includes:

At acute attack– colchicine, which reduces the intensity of pain, but tends to accumulate in white blood cells, preventing their movement and phagocytosis, and, consequently, participation in inflammatory process. Colchicine inhibits hematopoiesis;
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - NSAIDs that have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, but negatively affect the digestive tract;
Diacarb prevents stone formation (participates in their dissolution);
Anti-gout drugs probenecid and sulfinpyrazone promote increased excretion of sUA in the urine, but are used with caution if there are changes in urinary tract, in parallel, high fluid intake, diacarb and alkalizing drugs are prescribed. Allopurinol reduces the production of uric acid, promotes the reverse development of tophi and the disappearance of other symptoms of gout, therefore, probably, this drug is one of the best means treatment of gout.

The patient can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment if he takes on a diet containing a minimum amount of purines (only for the needs of the body, and not for accumulation).

Diet for hyperuricemia

Low-calorie diet (table No. 5 is best if the patient is okay with his weight), meat and fish - without fanaticism, 300 grams per week and no more. This will help the patient reduce uric acid in the blood and live full life without suffering from attacks of gouty arthritis. Patients with signs of this disease who are overweight are recommended to use table No. 8, remembering to unload every week, but remember that complete fasting is prohibited. Lack of food at the very beginning of the diet will quickly raise the level of sUA and exacerbate the process. But about additional income ascorbic acid and B vitamins should be seriously considered.

All days while the exacerbation of the disease lasts should proceed without eating meat and fish dishes. Food should not be solid, however, it is better to consume it in liquid form (milk, fruit jellies and compotes, juices from fruits and vegetables, soups with vegetable broth, porridge “smear”). In addition, the patient should drink a lot (at least 2 liters per day).

It should be borne in mind that a significant amount of purine bases is found in such delicacies as:

On the contrary, the minimum concentration of purines is observed in:

This short list products that are prohibited or allowed for patients who have detected the first signs of gout and elevated uric acid in a blood test. The second part of the list (milk, vegetables and fruits) will help reduce uric acid in the blood.

Uric acid is reduced. What could this mean?

Uric acid in the blood is reduced, first of all, when using anti-gout drugs, which is absolutely natural, because they reduce the synthesis of uric acid.

In addition, the cause of a decrease in uric acid levels can be a decrease in tubular reabsorption, a hereditary decrease in UA production, and in rare cases, hepatitis and anemia.

Meanwhile, reduced level final product purine metabolism (as well as increased) in urine is associated with a wider range of pathological conditions, however, urine analysis for UA content is not so common, it is usually of interest narrow specialists dealing with a specific problem. It is unlikely to be useful for self-diagnosis for patients.