Treatment of chronic cystitis in women. Postcoital cystitis, its symptoms and treatment in one day! Chronic cystitis: an integrated approach to completely get rid of the disease

Cystitis is an inflammatory change in the mucous membrane in the area Bladder. The disease occurs quite often. It is the most common urological problem today. In terms of the number of cases of patients with temporary disability, cystitis occupies a leading position (among other problems of the urinary system). About half of all patients who visit a urologist are people with acute (exacerbation of chronic) cystitis. Among diseases of the bladder chronic cystitis accounts for up to 20% of cases.

Most often, women suffer from cystitis, which is associated with structural features. genitourinary system. Women suffer chronic inflammation bladder, mainly young age men, on the contrary.

Causes of chronic cystitis

It was found that the mucous membrane of the bladder has many mechanisms that protect it from penetration pathogens. This body long time able to remain intact when microbes enter (transiently pass) through it.

A special role in the antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane is played by a layer of special substances - polysaccharides, which create a barrier layer. With its defects, pathogenic microorganisms can freely penetrate the mucous membrane and cause inflammatory changes.

Factors predisposing to the development of the disease are hypothermia, bladder injury, violation of the very act of urination, as well as various circulatory disorders. The emergence of a chronic form of cystitis contributes to the activation of sexual life, the use of food containing a large amount of salt and hot spices, prolonged restraint of urination when the urge arises. The latter factor can lead to sustainable functional disorders, which are manifested by a loss of coordination between the work of various muscle groups of the bladder.

For the formation of a chronic form of cystitis, the presence of several factors at the same time is necessary, which are pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) and pathological changes in the wall of the organ. However, in some cases, the disease occurs for no apparent reason.

Women suffer from cystitis much more often, which is associated with the anatomical features of the structure of their organs of the reproductive and urinary systems. First of all, urethra(urethra) in women is short and wide, which creates the prerequisites for the free penetration of pathogens into the bladder. Moreover, if there is inflammatory process in the area of ​​the vagina, vulva, rectum, then microbes, due to the anatomical proximity, can also spread to the organs of the urinary system.

The frequency of chronic cystitis in women increases sharply with the onset of sexual activity, as well as in menopause. In men, cystitis is most often secondary, that is, due to the spread of infection from nearby structures (mainly the prostate gland), so they suffer from a disease of the bladder mucosa mainly in old age.

There are several options for the penetration of infection into the bladder. These include:

• ascending path- from external environment through the urethra (more common in women);
• downward path- from the kidneys, in the presence of an inflammatory process in them;
• Hematogenous way- with blood flow with concomitant angina, cholecystitis, pulpitis, pneumonia and others inflammatory diseases various organs;
• Lymphogenic pathway- By lymphatic vessels with inflammation of the pelvic organs;
• Through a medical instrument during manipulations.

In most cases, there is an upward direction of infection, it is promoted by sexual intercourse. It should also be noted that in women, in the absence of complete satisfaction from sex, congestion may occur, which contributes to the development of chronic cystitis.

However, the penetration of infection into the bladder is not always accompanied by the occurrence of inflammatory changes. For the appearance of chronic cystitis, there must also be a violation of the normal outflow of urine from the organ, which is observed in men with benign hyperplasia prostate, chronic prostatitis, in case of strictures (narrowing) of the urethra, and in women during pregnancy, with prolapse of the uterus and vaginal walls.

The occurrence of chronic cystitis is a consequence of decompensation of the protective forces of the urinary system. Weakened immunity is facilitated by endocrinological diseases, regular hypothermia, colds, stress, unbalanced nutrition.

Symptoms of chronic cystitis

The symptoms of chronic cystitis are very similar to those of acute form diseases. However, they are less pronounced. This disease is characterized by alternating exacerbations of chronic cystitis and periods of remission (that is, temporary recovery).

The leading symptom is pollakiuria, or frequent urination. The severity of the pain syndrome depends on the frequency of urges: the more there are, the more intense it is. Pain is localized above the pubis, in the lower abdomen, in the perineum, along the urethra. They are of a different nature: burning, pulling, dull, short-term or long-term. Changes are noted in laboratory tests. Leukocytes appear in the urine (as a sign of inflammation) or pus, and erythrocytes and protein can also be detected.

Treatment of chronic cystitis

Treatment of chronic cystitis should be comprehensive and carried out under the supervision of the attending physician. Before using any medication, you should visit qualified specialist, which, after studying the tests and other diagnostic examinations, will give an accurate answer on how to cure chronic cystitis in a particular case.

First of all, the treatment of the disease consists in eliminating the causes that provoked chronic inflammation, as well as restoring urodynamics, eliminating foci that contribute to re-infection, removing stones from urinary tract.

How to treat chronic cystitis:

• Prescribing antibacterial drugs. The appointment of antibiotics should be only after sowing urine, identifying the causative agent of the disease and determining its sensitivity to antimicrobial agents;
• local treatment. The introduction into the bladder of special solutions that have the ability to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, for example, furatsilin 1: 5000 for 10 days - 2 weeks, as well as the instillation of sea buckthorn oil, rosehip seeds, antibiotic emulsions into the bladder;
• Physiotherapy. UHF, thermal treatments, inductothermy, mud applications, iontophoresis;
• Taking herbal uroseptics and diuretic herbal teas, such as bearberry, bear ears, cornflower flowers, St. John's wort, celandine, cowberry berries, kidney collection,;
• Sufficient drinking regimen(at least 1.5 liters per day), including alkaline drinks;
• Diet with restriction of spicy, spicy, alcohol;
• Ozone therapy;
• Acupuncture;
• Physiotherapy.

Treatment of chronic cystitis is a lengthy process. The course of therapy usually lasts from several months to several years.

Complications of chronic cystitis

Complications of chronic cystitis are:

• Pyelonephritis;
• Vesicoureteral reflux;

Prevention of chronic cystitis

To prevent chronic cystitis, first of all, it is necessary to carefully treat acute illness without interrupting the course antibacterial agents. In the presence of concomitant diseases of both the pelvic organs and the body as a whole, one should timely and fully engage in their therapy. Be sure to dress according to the season, eat a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle life and not have the habit of restraining the desire to urinate when the urge arises.

For me, cystitis is the most unpleasant disease, which comes, at the slightest of my hypothermia. In the first hours of suffering from this disease, I carry out intensive treatment, with warmth. I apply dry heat on the urinary tract, that is, between the thighs. And this helps me, only, subsequently, you need to make sure that there is no hypothermia again.

I have chronic cystitis. I always keep my feet warm, otherwise cystitis cannot be avoided. I am treated mainly with anti-inflammatory herbs (chamomile, dill, calendula), and be sure to warm my legs. Passes for 2-3.

I had cystitis for the first time when I began to live a sexual life, I think it was some kind of infection. I went to the urologist a lot of times, prescribes antibiotics and suppositories, all this helps, but after a while the symptoms recur. More recently, I decided to try the vaunted Nature's Bounty vitamins, to be honest, not big hopes entrusted to them. But they helped me, after the course more than 9 months passed, and during this time I had no exacerbations, this is a record for me, the vitamins turned out to be effective. If you buy them, take exactly the Cranberry Concentrate and vitamins C, they are for cystitis.

More often chronic cystitis turns out to be secondary. It develops against the background of another disease of the bladder, urethra, kidneys or genital organs.

- stones,

- diverticulum,

- a tumor

- tuberculosis of the bladder,

- prostate adenoma,

- urethral stricture, phimosis,

- neurogenic dysfunction Bladder,

- chronic pyelonephritis .

Often in children, as a result of a protracted, recurrent inflammatory process in the bladder, there is repeated urethritis, fibrosis and sclerosis of tissues occur with destruction of elastic fibers in the affected areas and, as a result, a violation of the elasticity of the urethral wall. IN advanced cases there is a stenosis of the wall of the distal urethra, which enhances the infectious-inflammatory process in the bladder. Due to the spread of infection through the ureter with vesicoureteral reflux or hematogenous way, the disease can proceed with a complication in the form of pyelonephritis.

Ulcerative and necrotizing cystitis can get complicated purulent peritonitis, and paracystitis develops with subsequent sclerotic changes in the perivesical tissue. Sometimes chronic cystitis can cause shrinkage of the bladder.

SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC CYSTITIS

Symptoms of the disease in chronic cystitis similar to acute, but they are less pronounced. The disease proceeds as a continuous process with constant, fairly pronounced changes in the urine in the form of leukocyturia or bacteriuria, or individual relapses with exacerbations that develop similar to acute cystitis, and remissions, during which all signs of cystitis are absent. In chronic cystitis, microorganisms through the lymphatic vessels penetrate the ascending ureter into the kidneys, causing an inflammatory process in them!

Urine in the chronic form of the disease has an alkaline reaction and is characterized by a variable content of mucus in it. If she has an acidic reaction, then the cause of chronic cystitis was Escherichia or tubercle bacillus.

Proteinuria in patients with chronic cystitis associated with leukocyturia and erythrocyturia: the stronger they are, the more pronounced proteinuria.

Focal damage to the mucous membrane of the bladder in chronic cystitis occurs mainly in the region of its neck, posterior, lateral and anterior walls, the color of which becomes red instead of light pink. Interstitial cystitis is characterized by bladder ulcers.

Clinical signs in chronic trigonitis are mild . Often the patient has a somewhat frequent urination, during which discomfort is noted. There are no changes in the urine. Cystoscopy reveals loosening, swelling and slight redness of the mucous membrane of the bladder triangle.

The diagnosis of chronic cystitis is based on carefully collected data from the anamnesis, characteristic symptoms diseases, the results of macro- and microscopy of urine, laboratory blood tests, bacteriological and functional research conditions of the lower urinary tract. Women in addition to this need to undergo a gynecological examination, which can detect diseases of the genitals and possible anatomical changes contributing to the development of chronic cystitis.

Cystoscopy allows you to establish the degree of damage to the walls of the bladder, and sometimes the cause of chronic cystitis. To clarify the condition of the urinary tract and kidneys, an excretory urogram is performed. The research is intravenous administration contrast agent and three x-rays. The first picture is taken before the introduction of the substance, the other two - 10 and 40 minutes after its introduction. At x-ray examination stones, bladder diverticula, vesicoureteral reflux can be detected.

The patient's examination plan should also include PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction) for sexually transmitted diseases, with confirmation of identified infections by culture of urine and feces. PCR diagnostics is the most modern, fast and exact method research to detect many diseases. PCR diagnostics detects the presence of infectious pathogens in cases where other methods, such as immunological, bacteriological or microscopic, cannot be done.

To recognize chronic cystitis Additional information gives a study of urodynamics:

-uroflowmetry,

- cystomanometry,

- sphincterometry.

Uroflowmetry is a graphical recording of the characteristics of the urine stream. Cystomanometry - determination of intravesical pressure - can be performed both during bladder filling and during urination. Measurement of intravesical pressure during filling of the bladder makes it possible to assess its reservoir function, and during urination - to judge the patency of the vesicourethral segment, urethra and detrusor contractility. Sphincterometry makes it possible to diagnose the functional state of the sphincters of the bladder.

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CYSTITIS

The method of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, its cause and the nature of the course. Patients with chronic cystitis do not need to be referred to a medical hospital.

If the disease is detected in early stage and treatment is started on time, in most cases cystitis resolves completely within 2-3 weeks.

If the cases are chronically neglected, then cystitis is treated much longer and more difficult.

The prognosis for the recovery of a patient with a chronic form of the disease is less favorable than with an acute one, and depends on the course and outcome of the underlying disease. First of all, the treatment of chronic cystitis is to eliminate the causes that caused chronic inflammation. In addition, it is aimed at restoring disturbed urodynamics, eliminating foci of re-infection, removing stones, etc. Positive results can be obtained only with prolonged complex treatment and complete elimination of factors predisposing to the disease. In the case of complications of acute cystitis with vesicoureteral reflux, the infection may spread upward with the development of cystopyelonephritis.

For chronic cystitis antibiotic treatment prescribed only after bacteriological examination and determination of the sensitivity of microflora to antibacterial drugs. For adults and older children, the bladder is washed with a solution of furacilin at a concentration of 1: 5000 and solutions of silver nitrate at increasing concentrations of 1: 20,000; 1:10000; 1:1000. Procedures are done within 10-15 days. Lavage is especially useful for patients with impaired bladder emptying.

Instillations are also used- injections into the bladder of rosehip seed oil, sea buckthorn, antibiotic emulsion. The duration of the course of treatment is 8-10 procedures performed daily or every other day. The choice of medication, as well as the course time, depend on the severity of the inflammatory process and the condition of the bladder mucosa, determined during cystoscopy.

Physiotherapy is prescribed to patients to improve the blood supply to the bladder wall. These are procedures such as:

- UHF procedures,

- inductorermia,

- iontophoresis with nitrofurans,

- antiseptics,

- electrophoresis of various medicinal solutions,

- mud applications.

It is recommended to repeat physiotherapy every 3-4 months together with 3-4 instillation procedures. After them, a control cystoscopy is mandatory. If chronic cystitis is accompanied by persistent alkaline reaction urine, then the patient can be recommended Spa treatment in Truskavets, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki, Borjomi.

Antibacterial therapy for chronic cystitis carried out within 3-4 weeks. Then, for a long time (from 3 to 6 months), nitrofurans or bactrim are prescribed. When positive results are achieved, the medication is stopped. In the first 6 months, it is necessary to do a monthly bacteriological examination of urine in order to detect infection, in order to repeat the course of anti-inflammatory therapy if necessary. In children, urine cultures with sterile urine should be done every 6 to 12 months until puberty (the time of puberty).

Treatment of chronic cystitis in women, especially interstitial, is much more difficult. In this regard, in addition to the above methods, it is recommended to use antihistamines and hormonal drugs, such as hydrocortisone and prednisone. Possible infusion therapy, diathermy, and as enveloping agents it is worth using Vaseline oil, fish fat, silver preparations, hydrocortisone, methyluracil.

Also prescribed for interstitial cystitis are pre-vesical, presacral and intra-vesical novocaine blockades, stretching of the wrinkled bladder under anesthesia. With cicatricial wrinkling of this organ, surgical operations are performed: uretero-ureteroanastomosis, unilateral nephrosgomia, ureterosigmoid anastomosis, ileocystoplasty.

Antibacterial therapy in the case of trigonitis is ineffective.

With an accompanying cicatricial sclerotic process in the urethra, which often occurs in older women with low levels of estrogen in the blood, bougienage (mechanical expansion and stretching of the urethral opening) allows you to open a large number of ducts of the periurethral glands, contributing to a better outflow of their contents and easing the symptoms of trigonitis. Inserted into the urethra antiseptics collargol and protargol, prescribe estrogens.

Treatment of chronic cystitis in pregnant women somewhat different from traditional therapy. If a woman suffers from chronic cystitis, then it is very likely that it will worsen during pregnancy. During this period, a woman changes hormonal background, the microflora of the vagina is disturbed, the body's immunity decreases. All this creates conditions for exacerbation of cystitis. It is not recommended throughout pregnancy, and in the first trimester you simply cannot take any medications, with the exception of vitamins and herbal preparations.

To prevent chronic cystitis, if possible, the effect of cold on the body should be excluded. You can not sit or lie on stones, on ice, other cold surfaces, as well as swim in water with cold water. Sometimes even five minutes of cooling the body is enough to activate the inflammation process. You need to dress according to the weather. Women are advised to cover their legs during the cold season.

When bathing in warm weather and the water is warm, it is necessary to pay attention to the degree of water pollution, since it is from it that microorganisms penetrate into the bladder especially easily.

It is important to follow the rules of personal hygiene. Women need to wash themselves after every urination and bowel movement. If this is not possible, blot the external genitalia with a napkin, only from front to back and in no case vice versa.

With a sedentary lifestyle, try to get up and stretch every hour for at least 5-10 minutes. If women use tampons during their period, they should be changed at least every 2 hours, but it is better to use pads.

Gotta try all year round provide the body with vitamins, thereby reducing the likelihood viral diseases. Limit consumption of spicy and fried foods and the amount of alcohol consumed. You need to drink plenty of water, at least 2 liters per day (but not tea, coffee, beer or soda). Best to use clean water, mineral water without gas or non-concentrated juices.

Do not allow overwork and plan your working day in accordance with the capabilities of the body. Avoid stressful situations, as any stress lowers the immune system. Go to the toilet every 2 hours, even if you don't feel like it. If the stool is irregular, often there are constipation or diarrhea, it is necessary to change the diet.

women in power physiological features are much more likely to suffer from diseases of the genitourinary system. is one of the most unpleasant ailments that cause excruciating suffering.

How does chronic cystitis manifest itself in women, why is this disease dangerous, and what methods of treatment help to get rid of this disease forever?

Description of the disease

IN urological practice the term "cystitis" refers to any infections that affect, as well as inflammatory processes occurring in the mucous membrane of this organ. However, this concept is applicable only in the case of dysfunction of the bladder, confirmed by laboratory analysis urine.

The disease takes a chronic form as a result of long-term inflammatory processes that cause changes in the structural structure of the walls of the bladder. Chronic cystitis can occur with the constant presence of certain symptoms. But most often, acute inflammatory processes alternate with periods of remission, when there are no signs of the disease.

The main ways to help prevent the development of the disease include the following:

• in the cold season, you need to dress warmly, avoiding hypothermia of the body;
• nutrition should be balanced, including all essential vitamins, micro and macro elements;
• stop smoking and minimize the frequency of drinking alcoholic beverages;
• an active lifestyle will help maintain muscle tone;
• the bladder should be emptied at the slightest urge to urinate.

Frequent urge to urinate, pain in the urethra during and after emptying the bladder, pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen are signs of cystitis in women. Every fourth inhabitant of our planet faces this disease. Given the prevalence of this problem, we want to tell you how to treat cystitis in women in order to get rid of it quickly once and for all.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. Women are six times more likely to have this disease than men. Moreover, women are most prone to cystitis. reproductive age. This trend is explained by the fact that the urethra in the fair sex is wider and narrower than in men. This anatomical feature facilitates penetration pathogenic microorganisms from the outside to the bladder.

Depending on the course, acute and chronic cystitis are distinguished.

Acute cystitis in women has a sudden onset, that is, its symptoms appear almost immediately after exposure to an adverse factor.

Chronic cystitis is characterized by a long course with periods of exacerbation and remission of symptoms. Most often, this type of disease occurs against the background of other diseases. internal organs primarily the genitourinary system.

Chronic cystitis is more dangerous than acute, because in the course of the disease, bladder epithelial cells change and cysts form, which can degenerate into a malignant tumor.

Why does cystitis appear in women?

The main reason for the development of cystitis is the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the cavity of the bladder. The causative agent of the disease can be bacteria, viruses, fungi and even protozoa. Most often, cystitis of a bacterial nature is observed, when the causative agent is Escherichia coli.

The most common variants of cystitis in women are defloration and associated with sexual intercourse.

In addition to pathogenic bacteria, the following factors can be the causes of cystitis:

• taking certain medicines, such as ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide;
• ionizing radiation, which is used in the treatment of cancer;
• a foreign body, which can be a urethral catheter;
• impact chemical substances, which are part of personal hygiene products;
• other diseases of the genitourinary system, for example, urolithiasis disease, prostatitis;
• damage spinal column etc.

In some cases, it is not possible to determine the cause of the disease, so this cystitis is called interstitial.

There are also a number of factors contributing to the development of the inflammatory process in the bladder, which include the following:

• local or general hypothermia of the body;
• stagnation of urine in the bladder;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• unbalanced and unhealthy diet (eating a lot of spicy and spicy foods);
• pregnancy;
• childbirth;
• non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• wearing tight or synthetic underwear and clothing;
• genital infections;
• surgical interventions and invasive research methods on the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems.

How does cystitis manifest in women?

The first signs of cystitis in women may be as follows:

• frequent urge to urinate;
• feeling of fullness in the bladder;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain and burning along the urethra after urination;
• the appearance in the urine of pathological impurities (mucus, blood, pus).

In severe cases clinical picture cystitis can be supplemented by symptoms of general intoxication of the body, namely: fever, general weakness, chills, excessive sweating, etc.

If you are concerned about the above symptoms, in no case do self-diagnosis and self-treatment, as this does not always bring the expected result.

Which doctor treats cystitis in women?

A urologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis. Only a specialist knows how to properly treat this disease in order to avoid chronic inflammation and not harm health.

Therefore, if you have at least one of the above signs of cystitis, contact the nearest clinic for an appointment with a urologist. doctor after spending comprehensive examination organism, put accurate diagnosis and select the most effective treatment regimen for you.

What studies are carried out with cystitis?

To confirm cystitis, the specialist must prescribe the following studies to the patient:

• general analysis of urine;
• urinalysis according to Nechiporenko;
• bacteriological examination of urine;
• cystoscopy;
• ultrasound examination of the bladder and organs abdominal cavity, including numbers of kidneys.

In urine with cystitis, you can find a large number of white blood cells, bladder epithelium, as well as the bacteria that caused this disease.

Urine culture allows you to determine which microbe caused cystitis and to which antibacterial drug it is sensitive and to which it is resistant, which greatly facilitates the selection of an effective treatment regimen.

Protein in the urine with cystitis, regardless of its amount, should in no case go unnoticed, since its appearance may be a sign of impaired kidney function.

Cystoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the bladder, which is performed using a special device - a cystoscope. A cystoscope is a metal tube equipped with a video camera and a set of instruments that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. By using this study you can carefully examine the mucosa of the bladder, take material for histological analysis, and if necessary, perform a minor operation, such as removing a polyp.

Ultrasound examination of the bladder and kidneys is carried out in order to assess the condition of the organ itself and surrounding tissues.

How to treat cystitis?

Treatment of cystitis is mainly carried out on an outpatient basis under the guidance of a urologist. Indications for hospitalization of patients may be severe intoxication syndrome, the spread of the inflammatory process to the kidneys or cystitis in pregnant women.

It is possible to treat cystitis at home only after consulting a urologist, since all drugs have side effects, and folk remedies are not effective enough to cope with bacterial inflammation.

Acute cystitis experienced specialist cure quickly, in about 2-3 days, but the fight against chronic inflammation of the bladder can take several weeks.

Before treating chronic cystitis, it is necessary to find out the cause, because only by eliminating it, you can achieve positive effect therapy.

In the treatment of cystitis, specialists are guided by the following principles:

• bed or semi-bed rest throughout the period acute symptoms diseases;
• medical food. The diet for cystitis should be lacto-vegetarian, that is, the daily diet of the patient should be dominated by dairy products, vegetables and fruits. Fried, spicy, salty and spicy dishes, as well as alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited;
• antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are prescribed first with a broad spectrum of action, and after receiving the result of urine culture and antibiogram. An antimicrobial drug is used, to which the causative agent of cystitis is sensitive;
• pain therapy. With severe pain in the bladder, patients are prescribed painkillers and antispasmodics;
• installation of antiseptics in the bladder;
• phytotherapy. Diuretic herbs and fees are used. Let's look at it in more detail below;
• physiotherapy treatment (electrophoresis, phonophoresis, inductothermy, UHF and others).

There are also cases when it is necessary to treat chronic cystitis in women with the help of surgical methods. The operation is necessary if the outflow of urine from the bladder is disturbed by a stone, tumor or foreign body. Also without surgical intervention can not do with wrinkling of the walls of the bladder, when under general anesthesia for straightening it is injected with a solution of antiseptics.

What antibiotics treat cystitis?

Antibiotics are central to the treatment of acute and chronic cystitis. The selection of an antibacterial drug should be handled exclusively by a specialist, since self-medication can lead to irreversible health consequences.

Consider the most effective antibiotics used for cystitis in women.

Nitroxoline is a derivative of eight-hydroxyquinoline and belongs to the oxyquinolones. The drug is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, as well as some fungi, in particular candida.

Nitroxoline is indicated for cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis.

Scheme and doses: 2 tablets (100 mg) 4 times a day with meals for 14-21 days.

The cost of the drug: 120-170 rubles.

Monural is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with bactericidal properties, which is obtained by processing phosphonic acid.

Monural is prescribed for acute cystitis and urethritis of a bacterial nature. In addition, this drug can treat cystitis with blood, as well as asymptomatic bacteriuria in a pregnant woman, since the drug is harmless to the fetus.

Scheme and doses: for adults, the drug is prescribed once (3 grams), but if necessary, the reception can be repeated in a day. Children are recommended to take only a single dose of 2 grams.

Monural is the strongest antiseptic, so before using it, you do not need to do a urine culture and an antibiogram.

Before taking the granules dissolve 60 ml warm water and drink the solution on an empty stomach or at bedtime.

Cost: 380-500 rubles.

Furadonin is a representative of a number of nitrofurans, the main purpose of which is the treatment of urinary tract infections. The drug is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, but to this tool resistance is often developed.

Furadonin is prescribed for the treatment of cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, as well as for the prevention of urinary tract infections after invasive diagnostic methods (cystoscopy, urography, etc.).

Scheme and doses: adults are prescribed 100-150 mg 3 to 4 times a day after meals for 7-10 days. The drug must be taken big amount liquids.

Cost: 80-160 rubles.

Furamag belongs to the antimicrobial drugs of the nitrofuran series, which have wide range actions. There is practically no resistance to this drug. In addition, Furamag not only destroys pathogenic bacteria, but also reduces the synthesis of their toxins, and also strengthens the body's defenses.

Furamag is used for cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis, as well as for some gynecological infections.

Scheme and doses: 1-2 (50-100 mg) tablets three times a day after meals. Children: 1-2 (25-50 mg) tablets 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician and usually takes from 7 to 10 days.

Cost: 480-700 rubles.

Nevigramone is an antibacterial drug that has a detrimental effect on almost all known pathogenic bacteria.

Nevigramone has an impressive list of indications, including urinary tract infections, in particular, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, pyelitis and others.

Scheme and doses: adults are prescribed 2 tablets (1000 mg) 4 times a day for a week. For children over two years old daily dose is 60 mg / kg, which is divided into 3-4 doses.

Cost: 5400 rubles.

Herbal remedies for cystitis

Cystitis and urethritis in women can also be treated with herbal remedies, which are not inferior in effectiveness to synthetic counterparts. Let's consider them.

Kanefron is available in the form of dragees or drops, which consist of rosemary leaves, lovage and yarrow roots.

Kanefron effectively eliminates pain in the urethra and reduces the severity of the inflammatory process in the bladder. It can also be used to prevent exacerbations of cystitis.

Scheme and doses: adult women are prescribed two tablets or 50 drops three times a day before meals.

Cost: 410-480 rubles.

Monurel

Monurel is an extract of cranberries in combination with ascorbic acid. The drug has antimicrobial, diuretic, immunostimulating properties.

Monurel is used both for the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of cystitis.

Scheme and doses: 1 tablet at bedtime for 30 days.

Cost: 470 rubles.

Cystone is a medicine that consists of more than ten herbal ingredients. The drug has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and diuretic properties. Cystone also dissolves stones in urinary tract and prevent their formation.

Scheme and doses: two tablets twice a day for 2-3 weeks.

Cost: 380 rubles.

The drug is available in the form of tablets and drops. Urolesan contains such components as wild carrot extract, fir oil, extract peppermint, oregano and hop cones.

Scheme and doses: one capsule three times a day with plenty of water, or 10 drops per sugar cube three times a day.

Cost: 330-380 rubles.

How to treat cystitis with folk remedies in women at home?

Can you treat cystitis at home? folk remedies. Just before the start similar treatment you need to consult with your doctor. It is also necessary to understand that alternative methods and remedies are not effective enough to cure cystitis completely, therefore, they can be used exclusively as an addition to the main therapy.

To your attention the most simple and effective methods treatment of cystitis with folk remedies.

Dill seeds

At home, in women with cystitis, dill, or rather its seeds, has been used for a long time. For treatment, both decoction and infusion are suitable.

To prepare the infusion, pour one tablespoon of dill seeds with boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 2-3 hours.

The decoction is prepared as follows: one tablespoon of dill seeds is poured into a glass of water and put on fire, after the potion boils, the intensity of the fire decreases. Boil the broth for 4-5 minutes. After that, the finished medicine is removed from the heat and filtered through a fine sieve.

A decoction or infusion of dill seeds is taken one glass three times a day until the symptoms of cystitis subside.

Millet

A decoction of millet will help to quickly cure cystitis and urethritis in women. To prepare such a medicine, you will need two tablespoons of millet, which you need to pour 500 ml of boiling water and boil over low heat for 4-5 minutes. After that, the broth should be removed from the heat, let it brew for 10 minutes and drain the liquid into a glass.

On the first day at acute attack cystitis or urethritis, a decoction of millet is taken 20 ml every hour throughout the day, on the second day - 60 ml every hour, and on the third - 100 ml every hour. The course of treatment is one week.

pharmacy chamomile

10 grams chamomile it is necessary to pour 250 ml of boiling water, cover with a lid and let it brew for 15-20 minutes.

60 ml of the finished medicine is drunk 30 minutes before meals until the disease subsides.

Cowberry

Berries and leaves are widely used for diseases of the urinary system. Berries can be consumed daily, preferably before breakfast, and an infusion is prepared from the leaves.

One tablespoon of crushed fresh leaves of the plant is poured with 250 ml of boiling water, covered with a lid and allowed to brew for 2-3 hours. In case of an acute attack of cystitis, it is recommended to drink 60 ml of infusion three times a day for 4-5 days.

Baking soda

A solution of baking soda can be taken orally or used to flush the bladder.

The solution is prepared at the rate of one tablespoon per 4 cups of boiled water. drink similar medicine 15 ml three times a day.

Herbal baths

Warm baths for cystitis perfectly relieve spasm and pain in the bladder and urethra. But similar procedures contraindicated if cystitis with blood in women has been diagnosed.

For the bath, you can use an infusion of sage, pine needles or horsetail With oat straw. The prepared infusion is poured into wide pelvis and add another 2-3 liters of warm water. The optimum solution temperature is 40-42 °C. They sit in the pelvis so that the water covers the external genitalia. The procedure is carried out for 15 minutes before bedtime.

As a result, I would like to repeat once again that cystitis is mainly a bacterial inflammation of the bladder, so antibiotics cannot be dispensed with during treatment.

It is also important to understand that any drug or folk remedy has its side effects and contraindications. Therefore, taking any medication must be approved by the attending urologist. Also, remember that self-medication does not always positive result, and in some cases contributes to the transition of the acute form of cystitis to chronic.

Watch a video about the treatment of cystitis.

Chronic cystitis is a fairly common disease. By the way, in women, an attack of the disease occurs more often. Physicians explain this fact by several factors. Firstly, anatomical features women - the urethra is much shorter and wider than the male, and is located closer to the anus. This means that the risk of infection in the bladder is much higher. In addition, very often, for the sake of beauty, women neglect warm clothes - trousers on the hips, short skirts, thin tights on a frosty day have become commonplace.

Moreover, cystitis affects mainly very young women. Again, unlike men, who, if they suffer from cystitis, then, as a rule, in old age. Although, of course, there are exceptions to this rule - any person has a risk of getting cystitis.

What is cystitis?

What is cystitis? The cavity of the bladder, like most other internal organs, is lined with a mucous membrane. And in the event that under the influence of any factor inflammation of this mucous membrane occurs, doctors talk about cystitis. In the same case, if a person has two or three relapses of this disease during the year, he will most likely be diagnosed with chronic cystitis.

The reasons that can cause the development of chronic cystitis are quite different:

• General hypothermia of the body and hypothermia of the legs especially.
• Violation of the normal process of urination - most often in women.
• Violation of the normal functioning of the circulatory system.
• Various types of injuries of the bladder and urethra.
• various types of infections and pathogenic microflora- Viruses, bacteria, etc.
• Dystrophy of the walls of the bladder, especially in the advanced stage.

In addition, very often the impetus for the development of chronic cystitis in women can be active sex life- especially after a long abstinence. Doctors note similar cases often. Therefore, treat this factor risk taking very seriously. It is highly recommended not to radically change the usual course of sexual intercourse - both its artificial extension and interruption.

Speaking about the causes of the development of acute cystitis, one cannot fail to mention another very delicate point. If you are practicing anal sex, special care must be taken. With this type of sexual contact, the risk of bladder infection increases in both partners - both in men and women. And women have a higher risk. Therefore, be sure to use a condom and do not forget about the need to maintain personal hygiene. Don't give illness the slightest chance.

Remember also that almost all pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases are also capable of provoking the development of cystitis - first acute, and then chronic. Again, women are at higher risk. Therefore, treat your health with close attention - be careful, avoid casual sexual intercourse, use personal protective equipment. At the first symptoms of the disease, be sure to contact medical care to the doctor.

In addition, in women, a very powerful impetus to the development of chronic cystitis can be the suppression of the urge to urinate. This is explained very simply - if you regularly restrain the urge to urinate, various dysfunctions of the bladder will inevitably occur. The muscles of the bladder begin to work out of sync, which has a very negative effect on the functioning of the entire urinary system, and in particular, provokes the development of chronic cystitis.

And in some cases, the development of chronic cystitis is possible without any apparent reason. Why this happens - doctors find it difficult to answer, but the fact remains: not a single person is immune from the risk of getting cystitis. Therefore, information on how to deal with this disease is very relevant for everyone without exception.

Another question that is often asked to doctors is the question of how does infection occur if cystitis is caused by an infection? There are several different ways to damage the bladder:

• Ascending method of infection

This method of infection occurs most often - with it, the infection enters the bladder from the urethra (urethra). Most often, this phenomenon occurs when various infections sexually transmitted - by ascending path they enter the urethra. Moreover, in the event that sexual intercourse does not bring the woman proper satisfaction, the development of cystitis is possible even without any pathogenic microflora. The impetus for the disease is precisely congestion in the pelvic organs, especially in the bladder.

• Descending method of infection

In this case, the infection descends into the bladder from the kidneys. This, as a rule, occurs if a person is sick with pyelonephritis, especially its purulent form. Moreover, when this type infection cystitis is particularly severe and pronounced, with high fever.

In addition, bladder infections can occur from lymphatic system. This happens if inflammatory processes occur in any organs of the small pelvis - for example, in the ovaries or the prostate gland. More rarely, but still there are cases when the infection enters the bladder through infected blood. This happens with diseases such as pneumonia, influenza and others.

Methods for diagnosing the disease

In order to successfully cope with such a misfortune as cystitis, it is necessary to diagnose the disease in a timely and correct manner, to identify how severe the dysfunction of the bladder is, to determine how severely the mucous membrane is affected. And, of course, it is very important to establish what exactly caused the development of chronic cystitis. As you might guess, it is simply impossible to do this on your own. Therefore, when the first symptoms of cystitis appear, it is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible. We will talk about the symptoms a little later.

Modern medicine has the most different ways diagnosis of cystitis. However, the most effective were, are and will be ordinary laboratory research urine, including bacteriological, which allow us to determine the type of pathogen. In addition, urinalysis allows you to get an idea of ​​the degree of damage to the bladder and the intensity of the inflammatory process.

After that, to clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe such types of studies as cystography and cystoscopy. These studies allow us to clarify the type of disease, the degree of damage to the mucous membrane of the bladder. In addition, it is these studies that can accurately determine whether there are tumors, stones, fistulas and ulcers in the bladder, as well as other foreign bodies. In addition, it is cytoscopy that can reveal some accompanying illnesses often accompanying chronic cystitis.

In severe cases, a bladder biopsy may be needed. Or rather, its mucous membrane. Such studies are most often assigned to people suffering from a chronic form of cystitis. In addition, doctors may order a biopsy to rule out more serious illness– for example, bladder cancer, if the signs are vague.

Symptoms of cystitis

So, how can you understand that a person is faced with cystitis? As a rule, this is not difficult to do - the disease has a very bright severe symptoms and delivers to a sick person a mass discomfort. Feeling much worse. Therefore, it is simply impossible not to notice these symptoms:

• Difficulty urinating

For a person with cystitis, the toilet turns into a real torture chamber. During urination, a sick person experiences pain, pain and burning. Moreover, all these symptoms are characteristic of both acute and chronic forms of the course of the disease. In women, they are very pronounced.

• Frequent urination

In sick women, the number of urination increases many times - their number can reach up to 40 - 45. Very often there are so-called false urges to urinate - they also greatly annoy the sick person.

• Change in color, odor and clarity of urine

In addition, one of the very first signs is a change in the color of urine - as a rule, it becomes darker, often cloudy, with various impurities. In most cases, urine with cystitis is very specific smell sometimes quite unpleasant. Especially if cystitis has taken a neglected form.

• Blood in the urine

In the event that a person has been sick with cystitis for more than one year, even blotches of blood may appear in his blood. In this case, you can’t hesitate any longer for a day - seek medical help as soon as possible. In women, menstruation should be excluded.

• Painful sensations

Cystitis is nothing more than an inflammatory process in which the bladder is involved. Therefore, it is quite natural that a sick person may experience constant pain in the lower abdomen or in the lower back. During an exacerbation of cystitis, these pain sensations become even more intense, completely depriving the sick person of rest.

• General malaise

In chronic cystitis, a sick person constantly experiences a feeling of general malaise. Weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, pain in muscles and joints become constant companions for a person suffering from cystitis. These symptoms are very similar to influenza.

• Increase in body temperature

In acute cystitis, a strong increase in the body is almost impossible to avoid - it can reach up to 39 - 40 degrees. But also at chronic course disease very often has an increase in body temperature, although not so significant - up to 37.5 degrees. A similar body temperature, without appropriate treatment, can persist for many months.

Treatment of chronic cystitis

Of course, chronic cystitis should by no means be ignored. It needs to be treated and treatment should be started as soon as possible. In the event that the treatment is chosen correctly and started in a timely manner, the chances of a full recovery are very high. The infection will be destroyed special preparations, the inflammatory process, localized on the mucous membrane of the bladder, stops, the disease completely recedes.

But once again we want to draw your attention - a favorable outcome of the disease is possible only if the doctor correctly diagnosed the disease and chose the treatment. After all, very often you can observe the opposite picture - incorrectly selected drugs simply eliminate the symptoms of the disease for a while, masking it. But there is absolutely no benefit from such treatment - one continuous harm. By the way, that is why in no case should you self-medicate.

But let's look at this issue in order. By the way, the treatment of acute cystitis is carried out according to the same principle:

• Step one - the destruction of pathogenic microflora

Treatment of the inflammatory process does not make any sense if the pathogenic microflora that provoked the development of cystitis is not destroyed. Therefore, first of all, a sick person is prescribed pharmacological drugs that normalize the microflora of the bladder. The doctor selects antibiotics strictly individually, taking into account the course of the disease and individual features organism. The second step is the elimination of the inflammatory process.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of cystitis by one elimination of pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to eliminate the existing inflammatory process. For this, the doctor also selects the necessary anti-inflammatory drugs. To date, there are very effective and effective uroseptics - drugs that not only destroy pathogenic microflora, but also eliminate the inflammatory process.

As you can see, the treatment of cystitis is not such a difficult task. But not only doctors, but also the sickest person will have to work hard:

• Compliance with doctor's recommendations

First, you must strictly follow all the recommendations of your doctor without exception. Take medication responsibly - skipping just one injection or pill can cast doubt on the success of the entire treatment. In the event that the doctor has prescribed physiotherapy for you, in no case ignore them. Very often people mistakenly believe that they are absolutely useless. But this is not at all the case - physiotherapy treatment can significantly speed up recovery.

• Compliance therapeutic diet food

Pathogenic microflora feels most at ease in an acidic environment - reproduction occurs very quickly. And human urine, which has hyperacidity, is the ideal environment. And the acidity of urine changes to a greater extent due to the diet.

Acid, spicy and fatty foods can provoke such a change. For the duration of treatment, they must be completely excluded from the menu of a sick person. In addition, chocolate and sweet pastries are banned. In the event that you show willpower and refuse the above products, the treatment will take much longer.

In addition, a similar imbalance can be caused by the most common beriberi. In the event that the human body lacks certain vitamins and minerals, an imbalance in urine acidity develops very often. Therefore, be sure to ensure that the diet is balanced and complete. It is also recommended to take additional vitamin E and a multivitamin complex during treatment. Which one - your doctor will tell you.

• Drinking regime

Proper drinking regimen is perhaps no less important component, without which it is impossible to treat chronic cystitis. A sick person should take as much liquid as possible. You need to drink at least three to four liters of fluid per day. However, watch what the patient drinks.

Very often, from "well-wishers" you can hear advice to drink beer - they say, it is an effective diuretic. However, this is not the case at all - alcoholic drinks with chronic cystitis are strictly contraindicated, since ethanol significantly worsens the course of the disease. Treatment of chronic cystitis and alcohol intake are incompatible.

Incidentally, the same is true for coffee and other caffeinated beverages. You should also not drink too sweet juices, compotes, and even more so carbonated drinks. Even carbonated mineral water is strictly prohibited. It is best to drink non-carbonated table water, unsweetened fruit drinks or dried fruit compote. In the event that you tolerate milk well - and women often have the opposite - you are very lucky - milk in this case is very useful.

Treatment of cystitis folk methods

There are several very effective recipes traditional medicine, which are also very effective in combating chronic cystitis. However, remember that all these prescriptions can only serve as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by your doctor. In no case should it be replaced by traditional medicine alone. Otherwise, the consequences of such treatment will not be the most favorable.

In addition, be sure to consult with your doctor before using this or that prescription. And you can start treatment only after his approval and permission. So let's take a look at these tools:

• Decoction of chamomile

Pharmacy chamomile is an indispensable assistant to a person in the treatment of a huge number of diseases. Including, you guessed it, chronic cystitis. For treatment, you will need a decoction of chamomile, but not quite ordinary. Prepare five tablespoons of aloe juice and three tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers. Place the chamomile in an enamel pot, pour 0.5 liters of water and bring to a boil. After that, reduce the heat and cook the chamomile for ten minutes.

Turn off the heat, cover the pot with a lid and wrap with a towel. Squeeze out the juice at this time. After about 15 minutes, strain the decoction with gauze and mix with aloe juice. This solution a sick person should drink during the day, in small sips. Treatment should last at least a month, even if the symptoms of the disease disappear much earlier. In case you have acute cystitis, this recipe will also be very relevant.

• Infusion of calendula

No less effective is the infusion of calendula. Calendula has not only aseptic, but also anti-inflammatory effect. To prepare the infusion, place three tablespoons of the decoction in a thermos and pour one glass of boiling water over it. Insist during the day. Then strain the infusion with gauze. A sick person should drink this decoction every morning, on an empty stomach, half a glass.

The duration of such a course of treatment is 14 days. Pay attention to one important point: for the duration of treatment, you must stop drinking black tea, even in small quantities. As a rule, a feeling of relief occurs already on the third or fourth day of treatment.

Prevention of chronic cystitis

Well, is the principle of treating cystitis more or less clear? Amazing! But do not forget that it is much wiser to prevent the development of the disease than to treat it later. And it does not matter at all whether you are a professor of urology or have nothing to do with medicine - the prevention of cystitis is very important.

• Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene

One of the main reasons for the development of cystitis is a violation of the rules of personal hygiene. Remember that keeping the genitals clean is an excellent prevention not only of cystitis, but also of many other diseases. Also keep your underwear clean.

• Proper nutrition

It has already been mentioned above that during the treatment of chronic cystitis it is necessary to reconsider your diet. Of course, it is extremely difficult to live in such a strict regime all the time. However, it is still worth revising your menu - talk about it with your doctor. It will help to determine the prohibited products. This will greatly increase the likelihood that you will never experience an exacerbation of chronic cystitis again.

No one is immune from acute cystitis. An attack of the disease can happen at any time. But in order for acute cystitis not to take chronic form currents, it needs to be treated immediately. Otherwise, the consequences in the form of many months of discomfort and painful long-term treatment you are provided.