Illness with high blood pressure. Video - Reduce pressure without pills. Treatment methods for high blood pressure

Arterial hypertension is characterized by a constant or periodic increase in pressure. This disease is the most common chronic pathology of cardio-vascular system.

When blood pressure rises, it negatively affects the functioning of various organs - the liver, heart, kidneys, and so on.

High blood pressure begins to be diagnosed if its indicators are more than 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Arterial hypertension affects tens of thousands of people every year worldwide. Causes high pressure may be different, but often they are individual. But often doctors can not always accurately determine the factors that cause an increase in pressure.

So there are various reasons enough high blood pressure. The most common is the wrong Lifestyle. Thus, hypertension may be due to bad habits.

For example, cigarettes have a negative impact on the entire cardiovascular system. In addition, when smoking, there are such consequences as the formation of blood clots and malfunctions of blood vessels. When the vessel functions normally, then when the blood flow enters it expands, and in the smoker it narrows, which has an adverse effect on the functioning of the entire system.

Another increase in pressure causes excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Although some mistakenly believe that alcohol can lower blood pressure. In fact, in a small amount, it does not affect the level of pressure, however, if you drink alcohol-containing drinks in large volumes, your heart rate increases, resulting in such consequences as an increase in blood pressure.

Malnutrition associated with the use of fatty and salty foods are the leading factors due to which the level of blood pressure can be permanently elevated. That's why successful treatment arterial hypertension is impossible without changing the diet. To this end, it must be enriched with dietary, fortified and light food(vegetables, fruits, dairy products, lean meats and fish).

In addition, the diagnosis of hypertension is often made in people suffering from obesity. After all, the greater the body weight, the more large quantity blood to supply all parts of the body. But the vessels of a full person do not expand, as a result of which they have to work more intensively under conditions of high pressure.

Another level of blood pressure can be high with a lack of minerals. For the cardiovascular system to function normally, it needs magnesium and potassium. The latter removes excess salt from the body and conducts a heart impulse, while magnesium strengthens the heart and prevents the formation of blood clots.

Moreover, the causes of high blood pressure often lie in the lack of physical activity. After all, thanks to sports activities, the likelihood of hypertension is reduced by 20-50%. Without receiving the necessary load, the vascular system loses its tone, therefore, under load conditions, its functioning may fail.

In addition, a disease such as arterial hypertension can be caused by stress. However, when right approach this factor can be eliminated. So, at the first manifestations of depression and emotional outbursts, you need to relax and rest in a calm environment.

Also, an unfavorable environmental situation leads to an increase in blood pressure in humans. In particular, this problem is typical for residents of large cities, with developed industry and workers in hazardous industries.

The most unpleasant and practically non-eliminable factors in the development of hypertension are hereditary predisposition, anatomical features body, interfering with the natural blood flow and old age.

Hypertension can also be a symptom of a number of other diseases:

1. pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland disease);
2. heart disease;
3. diabetes;
4. polycystic;
5. pyelonephritis;
6. thyroid diseases;
7. narrowing of the renal arteries;
8. nephrolithiasis;
9. glomerulonephritis.

In this case, arterial hypertension is called symptomatic and, based on the factors of its occurrence, the disease is divided into:

• endocrine;
• renal;
• central;
• hemodynamic.

However, the percentage of such diseases is insignificant (about 5%). Therefore, most often the doctor makes such a diagnosis as essential hypertension, which develops as a result of a deregulation of the neurophysiological settings of the body.

It is worth noting that with hypertension, not only the upper (systolic), but also the lower (diastolic) pressure rises, which can cause more significant consequences. Basically, the indicators increase due to metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. Moreover, with poor metabolism, such manifestations appear as:

1. rhythm disturbance;
2. severe pallor;
3. rapid heartbeat;
4. sweating;
5. violation of the chair;
6. nausea and vomiting.

With arterial hypertension, such manifestations as blurred vision, vasoconstriction and a violation of the heart rate are constantly present. Often this leads to the development of tachycardia, as a result of which the mass of the left ventricle of the heart increases and its blood supply worsens.

This condition contributes to the rapid progression of atherosclerosis of the heart, cerebral vessels and aorta. Moreover, there is an increased load on the kidneys, as a result of which their work worsens.

In many patients, the initial stage of hypertension proceeds almost imperceptibly. After all, the body adapts to constant rises in blood pressure, so a person’s well-being remains relatively normal.

However, this condition is characterized pathological changes occurring in the vessels. As a result, there are unexpected and sudden consequences - kidney failure, heart disease and strokes.

Therefore, to prevent such complications, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure even if the patient has no complaints of a significant deterioration in health. After all, this is the only way to determine the presence of arterial hypertension in a timely manner.

How many times a day should blood pressure be measured? It is best to carry out this procedure twice a day. Moreover, you need to measure blood pressure on the right and on the left hand.

A disease such as hypertension affects various bodies. Moreover, the target organs are the most vulnerable in this case:

• Brain - vomiting, flickering flies in the eyes, nausea and dizziness.
• Kidneys - frequent urges to urinate at night.
• The vessels of the fundus - flickering flies, impaired visual function.
• Heart - palpitations, shortness of breath, pain.
• Peripheral vessels - cold hands and feet, intermittent claudication, discomfort that occurs during walking in the calf muscles.

But how long should it take drug treatment with arterial hypertension? In this case, you need to take medication constantly, because even a temporary cessation of therapy will lead to the return of the disease.

diet therapy

If it happens constant increase blood pressure, the first step is to balance the diet. This will help you drop overweight and correct lipid metabolism.

However, it is important to reduce your salt intake. However, for many people it is not easy to follow such a rule, because unsalted food seems tasteless. To compensate for this and make the taste more saturated, the dishes can be seasoned with herbs.

At the same time, sweets, fatty foods and spicy seasonings should be removed from the diet. After all, fatty foods in any case will not be useful to the body, and even more so with hypertension. Therefore, it is better to exclude fried foods from the daily menu altogether and give preference to baked or boiled food.

Carbonated drinks should also not be drunk. And the diet should be enriched with foods containing magnesium and potassium:

• seaweed;
• dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots);
• citrus;
• bran bread;
• greens (dill, parsley).

In addition, every day you must definitely eat meat, fish and cottage cheese. Such products abound in proteins, and without them the body cannot function normally, and without them the diet for hypertension cannot be effective.

In addition, fruits, berries and vegetables should predominate in the diet. In particular, this applies to beets, pomegranate and cranberries, because they have a hypotensive effect.

Treatment of hypertension with folk remedies

Still high blood pressure can be treated folk remedies, but they are only effective for initial stage diseases. Therefore, if hypertension progresses, then herbs alone will not be enough, and along with folk recipes, drug treatment should be carried out.

So, alternative therapy can be a good addition. For this purpose, the following plants are used:

1. Calm the nervous system - blue cyanosis, motherwort, valerian.
2. They have a diuretic effect - kidney tea, dill, drooping birch, knotweed.
3. Toning the vascular system - arnica, barberry, astragalus, shepherd's bag, chokeberry.

It is worth noting that if the pressure is very high (200 mm Hg), then you can treat arterial hypertension with cranberries. To do this, they rub it with honey, or eat 6 berries every morning on an empty stomach.

Another effective antihypertensive agent is a decoction or infusion of hawthorn fruits. In addition, with hypertension, you can use the following recipe: 1 tbsp. l. cornmeal is poured into 250 ml of warm water and insisted all night.

In the morning, the water must be drained, and the thick stirred. Treatment with such an infusion is carried out until the moment when the pressure stops rising.

Even to reduce blood pressure, you need to drink beet juice mixed with May honey. This medicine is taken three times a day for 1 tbsp. l. after meal.

The first thing to do is to forget about bad habits, that is, quit smoking and minimize the amount of alcohol consumed. So, daily rate alcohol for a man - no more than 250 ml of dry wine or 60 g of vodka, and for women this dose is divided by two.

In addition, you need to do everything to normalize the weight. You should also limit your salt intake. In addition, you need to adjust your diet.

Do not forget that during physical activity, the pulse should not exceed a safe limit. To calculate it maximum rate from 200 you need to subtract the age of the patient. If during training the numbers approach it, then its intensity should be reduced.

If you follow all these rules, then you can restrain the progression of hypertension and not treat it. medications. After all, anyone medicinal product there are side effects that have an adverse effect on the body.

For these reasons, at the beginning, hypertensive patients need to reconsider their lifestyle, and then if this does not help, they will have to resort to drug therapy. Indeed, otherwise, complications may develop, which in the future often lead to death.

It has long been established that arterial hypertension can appear due to an inactive lifestyle. Therefore, in the presence of such a disease, one must not forget about moderate physical activity.

Naturally, people leading sedentary image life, it is immediately difficult to start doing health exercises. Therefore, it is better to increase the load gradually.

To this end, it is better for residents of apartment buildings to abandon the elevator and climb the stairs on foot. You also need to do morning exercises.

Often people refuse such a sport, arguing that charging is too difficult. However, no matter how much and how the exercises are done, the main thing is to start the process and increase the load over time.

But it's best to start doing a certain sport regularly. For example, cycling, walking, swimming or slow running. BUT you should not be too zealous, because otherwise the pulse will increase, the heartbeat will become more frequent, which not only will not bring benefits vascular system, but hurt her.

It is also useful for hypertensive patients to engage in feasible physical activity. Yes, work on fresh air will help improve your health significantly.

At the same time, you can participate in outdoor games (badminton, tennis) and dance. In this case, do not forget about the intensity of the load. Therefore, training is best done by constantly monitoring the heart rate. The video in this article will answer many questions about the treatment and prevention of hypertension.

Enter your pressure

Increase in blood pressure- excess pressure in the arteries of a person is more than the numbers considered normal, and this is from 110/70 to 139/89 millimeters of mercury, measured at rest, that is, at least ten minutes after any physical and emotional stress. A short-term increase in blood pressure after physical or emotional stress is considered normal, and blood pressure numbers are taken into account by doctors to determine the physical endurance of the body.

The main complaints and conditions in which it is possible to assume an increase in blood pressure.

Periodic headaches, dizziness, often accompanied by nausea. Noise in ears. Ripple in temporal parts heads, flashing flies before the eyes, fatigue. Attacks of palpitations are also possible, sometimes pressing pains in the region of the heart are quite long from thirty minutes or more, the pain is not associated with physical activity. Often, high blood pressure occurs without any sensations (asymptomatically) and is detected only during medical examinations. But, despite this, it should also be treated, as it has a negative effect on the body and contributes to the emergence of other diseases.

There are many reasons for high blood pressure. But before you start to identify them in yourself, you need to find out if you have high blood pressure.

Causes of misconceptions that you have high blood pressure:

1. Incorrect blood pressure measurement

The photographs on the left show the correct technique for measuring blood pressure.

The study should be carried out in a comfortable position, the hand should be placed on the table, at the level of the heart. The cuff is placed on the upper arm, its lower edge is 2 cm above the elbow. Air ducts should be located freely, without squeezing, located with inside shoulder. The size of the cuff must match the size of the arm: the rubber inflated part of the cuff must cover at least 80% of the circumference of the upper arm. For adults, the average cuff sizes are 12-13cm wide and 30-35cm long. But there are also for more complete ones. When buying a device, ask to choose the right size.

Inflate the cuff to a pressure of 20 mmHg higher after the disappearance of the pulse. Decrease the pressure in the cuff at a rate of approximately 2 mm. Hg The pressure value at which the first tone (shock) appears is called systolic blood pressure and corresponds to the maximum ejection of blood from the heart into the vessels (systole). The disappearance of tones corresponds to blood pressure in diastole, that is, when the ventricles of the heart are resting. The magnitude of the gap between systolic and diastolic pressure is important for establishing the causes of A / D and the selection of medications.

Immediately, only on the basis of the numbers of systolic and diastolic pressure, the cause of the rise in pressure cannot be established. Further examinations are needed. In some cases, a large or small gap between S/A/D and D/A/D is explained by individual feature vessels. So it is not necessary to attach special importance to this fact on your own.

a) What not to do before measuring blood pressure:

* Eliminate the use of coffee and strong tea for an hour before the study.
* Five, and if there was a significant physical or emotional stress, then 10-15 minutes of rest before measurement.
* Do not smoke for an hour before the measurement (and generally it is better to be a non-smoker).
* Cancel during the day the reception of nasal and eye drops(if you accept).

The number of blood pressure measurements should be at least two, with an interval between two measurements of at least a minute. If there is a difference between the two measurements, a third measurement is taken.

The average value is taken as the final result. Naturally, the tonometer that you use must be checked and certified. If the device is new, a certificate is sufficient.

In the future, if there are doubts about the accuracy, a check is required, which you can do in medical equipment stores.

2. Misjudgment of blood pressure measurements.

Even if an increase in pressure is recorded by a doctor and even repeatedly, this is not a reason for making a diagnosis of hypertension. The situation in the doctor's office is not always comfortable for you and can cause the well-known white coat hypertension. Learn to measure blood pressure at home, based on the above recommendations. Doubts remain? Then I advise you to conduct SMAD - daily monitoring of blood pressure (conducted in any medical institution). This is the same tonometer, only working around the clock and recording the results of measurements every 15-30 minutes. The study is carried out without interrupting the patient's main activity. To date, this is the most affordable and fairly accurate method to find out if you have high blood pressure.

1. Average A/D during the day at the level of 110/70-120/80- and there are no crisis rises in A/D

Congratulations, you don't have high blood pressure.

2. Blood pressure during the day is kept at the level of 130/80-139/89

this so-called "high normal pressure". It is already necessary to apply non-drug methods of prevention of development arterial hypertension. They are simple and accessible to everyone. This is a lifestyle change.

* To give up smoking.
* Normalization of body weight.
* Decreased alcohol consumption.
* Reduced consumption table salt up to 5 grams per day. This refers to adding salt to food cooked without salt. If this is not possible, then at least do not add salt to ordinary food and do not eat too salty.
* Increase moderate physical activity! This is a very important step. Dynamic exercise stress, better in the fresh air for 30-40 minutes at least four times a week. But not accompanied by discomfort, but bringing pleasure with a slight feeling of fatigue.
* Changing the diet with an increase in plant foods. meat mostly low-fat varieties. Useful fractional (in small portions) and separate meals(carbohydrates separate from proteins). This allows gastrointestinal tract better digest food, and deliver more useful substances and protect the body from harmful (so-called toxins).

3. Blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg.

You have high blood pressure. Now you need to establish the causes of AD.

Diseases associated with high blood pressure

The symptom of high blood pressure is inherent in many diseases. These are diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases in the form of pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis, narrowing of the renal arteries, polycystic kidney disease (not to be confused with asymptomatic single sinus cysts), pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland disease). Increased blood pressure and with various heart defects, diseases thyroid gland. In these cases, hypertension is called symptomatic and, depending on the cause, they are divided into renal, hemodynamic, central and endocrine.

The percentage of all these unpleasant diseases of the total number of hypertensions is small, about five percent (or a detailed examination is simply not carried out to identify the cause of high blood pressure). Basically, the so-called essential hypertension, the causes of which are in the so-called deregulation of the neurophysiological settings of the body.

Causes - hereditary predisposition, mental overstrain, physical inactivity, bad habits, malnutrition. IN advanced stages permanent medical treatment is required. To make a diagnosis, start with simple methods examinations, which are free and available in any clinic. Do not rush into expensive research, consult with several general practitioners, make sure that the clarification of the diagnosis due to these methods will change the concept of treatment.

Standard tests and examinations to clarify the causes of high blood pressure:

• Complete blood count - allows you to clarify whether there is inflammatory processes in organism, low hemoglobin has many causes, one of them is a violation of the functioning of the kidneys, therefore, further examination is required, including the kidneys.
• A complete urinalysis reveals changes in the urinary system. In diabetes, glucose is detected in the urine.
  A blood test for sugar reveals a violation of susceptibility to glucose; one analysis is not enough to make a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; if there is an increase or decrease in the results, an examination by an endocrinologist is required
• A blood test for biochemistry (taken from a vein), cholesterol is important in it and its decomposition into fractions is mandatory, since low-density lipoproteins ( bad cholesterol), in the literal sense of the word, sticks to the vessels, causes their gradual narrowing, and also leads to the formation cholesterol plaques. Lipoproteins high density (good cholesterol) has no harmful effects. Therefore, even with high total cholesterol, the analysis can be considered normal.
• The next important component of biochemistry is creatinine, or rather creatinine clearance, by which we judge the cleansing work of the kidneys.
• Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram.
• Ultrasound examination of the kidneys.
• Examination by an ophthalmologist of the fundus vessels allows us to judge the degree of changes in the arteries and veins characteristic of high blood pressure.

All of the above is included in the examination standards for suspected arterial hypertension and should be carried out within the framework of social insurance free of charge.

Treatment and drugs for high blood pressure

The next step in case of unclear diagnosis is further examination. When delivered - the appointment of treatment, which is prescribed by the doctor individually. Your task is to choose permanent doctors, because the selection of drugs and their dosages requires patience from both the doctor and the patient. Frequent change doctors, and sometimes unnecessary advice from associate professors, candidates, professors can lead to this stage to the fact that you will try the entire pharmacy range. The range of drugs is so wide that every doctor has his favorite commonly prescribed drugs.

Herbal medicine for high blood pressure

At any stage of treatment, it is possible in parallel with the ongoing drug therapy, the use of phytotherapy (treatment with herbs, fruits of plants).

Examples: If you feel that the rise in blood pressure occurs after any stress or anxiety internal stress, restless sleep, then it is possible to take sedative (soothing) herbs. Such: as: valerian, motherwort, peppermint, lemon balm, hop cones.

If high blood pressure is accompanied by edema on lower limbs, face, periodic increase in shortness of breath, it is possible to use diuretic preparations containing lingonberry leaf, bearberry, wild rose, elder flowers, white acacia flowers. The intake of diuretic herbs should be accompanied by the intake of potassium, which is contained in dried apricots, bananas, persimmons, lettuce, buckwheat.

I also consider it useful to use infusions of hawthorn, fruits of mountain ash, they have proven the presence of flavonoids - substances that affect the elasticity of the vascular wall, and therefore contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis, one of the most important reasons high blood pressure.

The fruits of chokeberry (chokeberry) have a direct antispasmodic effect.

Contraindicated for use in high blood pressure:

Manchurian aralia, sandy immortelle, St.

How to lower blood pressure without medication. Video.

A few simple exercises for the cervical spine will help normalize blood circulation and lower blood pressure if performed systematically:

Be healthy! Therapist Shutov Alexey Ivanovich.

February 2011 Revised classification of arterial hypertension

Millions of people who have been told they have high blood pressure could be re-introduced into the healthy group as recent study results published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine could lead to revision existing classification arterial hypertension.

Previously, numbers up to 120/80 mm Hg were considered the standard for normal blood pressure. Art. However, a study of 13,000 people found that young people who diastolic pressure 20 bars above normal, and older people with systolic blood pressure 20 bars above normal have no increased risk of death compared to those with blood pressure within normal limits.

Significantly increased risk premature death only in people over 50 years of age who had a systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg. Art., and in young people whose diastolic blood pressure rose above 100 mm Hg. Art.

"We believe that this approach to assessing blood pressure will allow the diagnosis of arterial hypertension to be made only to those people who have it elevated to a risk level," said study leader Brent Taylor.

According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure causes more than 56,000 deaths a year in the United States.

High blood pressure is a fairly common disease, especially in women over the age of 40. This disease manifests itself very slowly. Initially, a person has weakness, bad dream and dizziness. Then fatigue sets in, a rush of blood to the head, fingers go numb, and small “flies” flash before the eyes.

Reasons for the development of the disease

What are the causes of hypertension? The factors contributing to high blood pressure, both in children and adults, have not yet been fully studied. Now the following reasons can be distinguished:

• emotional overstrain, stress;
• age;
• alcohol intake and smoking;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• use in in large numbers salty food, and in small liquids;
• diabetes;
• kidney disease;
• excess weight;
• the use of certain medications (for example, blood pressure in women increases when taking contraceptive drugs);
• hereditary factors.

Symptoms

During recent years hypertension is much younger. In the case of constant stress, neurosis, sedentary life, smoking, this disease affects young people and even children.

For high blood pressure, the symptoms are as follows:

• overwork;
• headache;
• pain in the region of the heart;
• hypertensive crisis.

Let's look at each of these symptoms in more detail.

Overwork

The first signal that you have high blood pressure is a condition that resembles overwork or a mild cold. The following symptoms occur:

• a certain irritability
• daytime sleepiness,
• violations sleep at night,
• inability to concentrate
• redness of the eyeballs.

Most people do not take such manifestations seriously, although it is completely in vain. After all, if blood pressure at rest is 140/90 mm Hg in adults. Art. and in children 120/90 mm Hg. Art., and there is also a tendency to a subsequent increase, it can be argued about mild form hypertensive disease.

All men over the age of 40 (according to statistics, the development of hypertension in men is several times more common than in women), as well as people at risk (overweight, diabetics) are required to regularly measure blood pressure.

Classification of forms of arterial hypertension

Headache

When the further development of the disease is observed, then hypertensive patients begin to experience aching headaches, as well as squeezing ones. Together with this symptom, oculists can diagnose a change in the fundus and the presence of atrophic processes in the retina.

The presented manifestations may indicate that there is an increased intraocular pressure. Such a disorder can be a signal for the appearance serious illnesses vision.

When at rest, blood pressure in adults is 160/100 mm Hg. Art., and in children 130/100 mm Hg. Art., then you need to urgently go to the cardiologist and take special antihypertensive drugs. Such blood pressure indicators are a health hazard.

Pain in the region of the heart

In combination with a headache, patients with high blood pressure complain of pain attacks in the left side of the chest. The presented pain sensations can be given to the left hand and disturb the rhythm of the heart.

The presented symptoms may indicate that high blood pressure contributed to the formation of pathological changes in the coronary arteries and heart muscle. This should include:

• ischemic heart disease,
• angina;
• enlargement of the left ventricle, accompanied by a decrease cardiac output and development of heart failure.

In the case of timely treatment of high blood pressure, pathological processes in the heart are reversible, but the patient needs to be treated healthy lifestyle life and take antihypertensive drugs.

Hypertensive crisis

When a patient has hypertension in moderate and severe forms (blood pressure in adults reaches 160/100 mm Hg, and in children 130/100 mm Hg), hypertensive crises are formed. They occur due to a significant increase in pressure, unlike normal.

Symptoms of intracranial pressure

What signs are observed in a person with increased intracranial pressure? First you need to understand that intracranial pressure is an overabundance or a lack cerebrospinal fluid in a particular part cranium formed by the violation of its circulation.

Increased intracranial pressure symptoms in adults are as follows:

• deterioration of lateral and central vision;
• double vision, "fog in the eyes";
• swelling on the eyelids, face;
• tinnitus, hearing loss;
• frequent headaches, gradually becoming permanent;
• pain attacks at the top of the cervical vertebra, spinal cord;
• fatigue, feeling of weakness.

Signs of intracranial pressure in children are as follows

• in newborns, there is an expansion of the sutures, the size of the head increases faster than the size of the body, a protruding fontanelle, the occurrence of strabismus.
• in children of preschool and school age there is pain in the head, strabismus, lethargy, fatigue, irritability, high sensitivity to bright light.

Necessary Therapy

Treatment of high blood pressure in both adults and children is to reduce all the factors that caused this condition:

• decline excess weight;
• compliance normal mode day, good sleep;
• maintaining proper nutrition, reducing salt intake;
• optimal drinking regimen;
• ban on tobacco, alcoholic beverages;

Certain medications are required to treat high blood pressure. The purpose of the drug, its dosage should be carried out only an experienced specialist and depends on the symptoms of the disease.

Blood pressure and factors that reduce it

It is not possible to completely cure hypertension, but subject to right image life and the fulfillment of all the prescriptions of physicians, the hypertensive patient will feel much better, and he will be able to live a normal, full life.

Increased intraocular pressure can only be cured surgically. For supporting normal state the patient is prescribed diuretics and drugs that improve metabolic and hematopoietic processes.

Complications

According to doctors, people suffering from hypertension are most susceptible to arteriosclerosis. Therefore, they are more likely to have a stroke and heart attack. In the case of high blood pressure, both in children and adults, lameness may occur, as the normal blood supply to the legs is disturbed.

The main problem of all the consequences is the pressure on the heart, as a result of which it must work with an increased load. With this disease, the heart is not able to cope with the increased load, therefore, the small and big circle circulation. As a result, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, swelling of the extremities occurs. These complications are the cause of death.

Next dangerous consequence hypertension are considered cerebral complications. When high blood pressure is observed in a person for a long time, point hemorrhages occur in the vessels of the retina. Such consequences lead to impaired blood supply, which causes degeneration and retinopathy. All this contributes to blurred vision and blindness.

Preventive actions

If there is a hereditary hypertension, then it is necessary to constantly monitor your well-being and measure pressure in time. In addition, it is necessary:

• follow proper nutrition,
• cut down on salt intake
• give up alcohol
• lead an active healthy lifestyle,
• avoid stressful situations.

Hypertension is very dangerous disease. Despite the fact that most often high blood pressure affects not only women after forty, this condition is typical for men and even children. Therefore, one should not think that a repeated increase in pressure is the norm. If the symptoms described above appear, you should urgently go for a consultation with a cardiologist.

Is everything correct in the article with medical point vision?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Diseases with similar symptoms:

Migraine is a fairly common neurological disease, accompanied by severe paroxysmal headache. Migraine, the symptoms of which are actually pain, concentrated from one half of the head mainly in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eyes, temples and forehead, in nausea, and in some cases in vomiting, occurs without reference to brain tumors, stroke and serious head injuries, although and may indicate the relevance of the development of certain pathologies.

Increased pressure in the arteries (from 140/90 mm Hg) in medicine is called arterial hypertension. Hypertension is a narrower concept. This is one of the forms of hypertension, which is an independent disease. Why it occurs is unknown. Secondary hypertension occurs against the background of another pathology as its symptom. In everyday life, these concepts are usually used as equivalent.

The danger of hypertension is that long time it proceeds without symptoms. By the time signs of the disease appear, there are already changes and impaired functioning. important organs: heart, kidney, brain.

Even a slight increase in blood pressure several times increases the risk of stroke, kidney failure, heart attacks.

The number of people with high blood pressure is very large, with only half of them receiving treatment, and only 15% - full.

When measuring blood pressure, two values ​​\u200b\u200bare recorded: the upper (systolic) value, which is recorded during systole (heart contraction), and the lower (diastolic) value during diastole (heart relaxation). Measured in mm Hg. column and is written as a fraction. The optimal pressure is 120/80.

Most often, there is an increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure, but there are cases of an isolated increase - either only the upper one, or only the lower one. BP is always higher during the day than at night, and in the morning.

Reasons for the increase

As already mentioned, hypertension can be of two types: primary and secondary.

Primary (essential) occurs most often (about 90% of cases). Her reasons are unknown. It is assumed that it is associated with hereditary changes in the blood vessels and the heart.

Secondary (symptomatic) hypertension develops as a symptom of other diseases. High blood pressure is registered:

• in violation of the kidneys;
• with diabetes;
• in violation of the work of the adrenal glands;
• with pathologies of the thyroid gland;
• in diseases of the liver.

Physicians note a number of factors contributing to the increase in blood pressure:

• Excess weight. At overweight body in circulatory system more blood circulates, while the vessels remain the same and experience increased pressure.
• Lots of salty foods in your diet. Salt retains fluid in the body, so the load on the arteries increases, the pressure rises.
• smoking damages huge harm cardiovascular system. Smokers constrict blood vessels. In addition, there is a high risk of blood clots.
• Low physical activity. Do physically active people higher vascular tone, and the risk of developing hypertension and its complications is 25% lower.
• Stress is another cause of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Usually results in a temporary increase. As soon as the stressful situation is resolved, blood pressure returns to normal values. This also includes white coat hypertension. Some patients have high blood pressure when they see medical workers in white coats, while outside the walls of the hospital, their blood pressure is normal. Therefore, it is best to measure pressure in a calm environment, in the morning, while lying in bed.

Salt is the enemy of blood vessels and one of the causes of high blood pressure

As you know, pressure is one of the indicators of kidney function. Blood pressure is almost always elevated in diseases of the adrenal glands and kidneys. A persistent increase in blood pressure is observed with urolithiasis and advanced pyelonephritis, in men - with prostatitis. The adrenal glands produce aldosterone, a hormone that regulates blood pressure.

Another reason - medications that increase blood pressure, including:

• contraceptives;
• vasoconstrictor drops from the common cold;
• some antipyretics;
• cortisone;
• glyceric acid;
• tonic tinctures of ginseng, eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, etc.

Symptoms

A person may not feel high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At the initial stage of hypertension, there are no symptoms, so the patient is not even aware of his condition. The main signs of high blood pressure are as follows:

• headache, which worsens in the evening, is the most common symptom;
• bad sleep;
• irritability;
• noise in ears;
• dizziness;
• heart pain at night;
• cardiopalmus.

Headache is the most common complaint of hypertensive patients

Treatment

Treatment of hypertension is individual and is prescribed taking into account many factors:

• causes of occurrence;
• stage of the disease;
• degree of damage to target organs;
• associated pathologies.

It should be said that primary hypertension, or hypertension, it cannot be completely cured, but it must be and can be controlled. If there are no symptoms, before prescribing medication, doctors resort to non-drug methods.

The first step in the treatment of high blood pressure is the rejection of addictions (smoking, drinking alcohol) and proper nutrition. If a person has extra pounds, he is recommended to achieve a normal weight.

Reducing the amount of salt in the diet to 2-3 g per day, normalizing weight, giving up alcohol and smoking can eliminate the need to take pills.

Physical activity in arterial hypertension is not limited under the condition of pressure control. Moderate physical activity has a positive effect on blood vessels and blood pressure.

It is very important for hypertension to constantly measure the pressure at home.

Medical therapy

A large number of antihypertensive drugs developed to date, allows you to easily control blood pressure. You cannot prescribe medications on your own. Treatment with tablets should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure and prevent disturbances in the structure and functioning of target organs. It is very important to choose tablets with minimal side effects and no contraindications.

When choosing drugs, the gender and age of the patient, the degree of increase in blood pressure, the presence of other diseases (for example, high cholesterol in the blood, diabetes etc.), the price of medicines.

Most antihypertensive drugs have side effects, so self-medication is not allowed. You need to drink tablets only under the supervision of a doctor who can replace the drug or reduce the dosage if necessary.

With high blood pressure, drugs of several groups are prescribed:

• Diuretics (diuretics). These drugs help to remove water and salt from the body, as a result, the vessels expand, the pressure decreases. Diuretics should not be taken on their own, as many of them flush out potassium. To compensate for it, potassium supplements are additionally prescribed or potassium-sparing drugs are prescribed immediately. Diuretics are especially effective in renal and heart failure, as well as for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly.
• ACE inhibitors. Expand the arteries, lower the pressure. Shown at renal pathologies, heart failure, kidney damage in diabetes mellitus.
• Adrenoblockers. The decrease in pressure occurs due to the blocking of the action of the department nervous system responding to stress by increasing blood pressure. Drugs of this group (most often beta-blockers) are prescribed to people who have had a heart attack, young patients, patients with angina pectoris, tachycardia, suffering from migraine-like headaches.
• calcium antagonists. They lead to dilation of the arteries, but their mechanism of action is different from that of ACE inhibitors. Usually prescribed to the elderly, patients with arrhythmias and angina pectoris.
• Imidazoline receptor agonists - effective means to reduce blood pressure in all categories of patients.
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Their mechanism of action is similar to that of ACE inhibitors. Side effects these drugs are minimal.
• For rapid decline pressure, for example, in a hypertensive crisis, prescribe medications for intravenous administration. These are nitroprusside, nifedipine, nitroglycerin, diazoxide and others. They act very quickly, are able to dramatically and significantly reduce pressure, so the patient needs to be monitored.

With advanced hypertension medical preparations not enough

Often, a combination of drugs is used to treat hypertension. Using different drugs in small dosages helps to reduce side effects.

Treatment symptomatic hypertension is to treat primary disease. It can be conservative or surgical methods. Surgical treatment required for tumors, such as femochromocytoma, or narrowing of the artery leading to the kidney.

Urgent intervention requires malignant hypertension - a severe form of hypertension with a persistent increase in pressure (above 220/130). In this disease, there is early defeat kidneys, brain, heart, with extensive hemorrhages and exudates of the fundus. Treatment consists in reducing the pressure in the first two days by one third with the help of fast-acting intravenous antihypertensive drugs. In this case, blood pressure should not fall below 170/100. Further decline will occur slowly, over several weeks. This is necessary to prevent deterioration of the organs.

Physical exercise

Physical education will not only help lower blood pressure, but will also keep it at a normal level for a long time. The training program must be agreed with the attending physician. Useful cycling, jogging, swimming, walking. If you practice for half an hour a day, you can reduce blood pressure by 5-15 units.

To successfully deal with high blood pressure, you need to be outdoors more often and exercise.

Treatment for hypertension includes therapeutic gymnastics. All exercises are gentle and designed specifically to reduce pressure. Here are a few of them:

1. Performed in the supine position. Raise your hands to the ceiling and pull yourself up, then put them behind your head and inhale. Take the starting position - exhale. Do five times.
2. Stand facing the wall and rest your hands on it. Lean forward and make movements as when walking, keeping your socks on the floor.
3. Sit on a chair, arms lowered down, shoulders raised. Make circular movements with your shoulders, then lower. Repeat five times.

Folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies can be used as an addition to the main therapy. There are many recipes for the preparation of infusions, decoctions, mixtures based on medicinal herbs, plant fruits, bee products.

1. IN Fresh Juice beet add honey and take daily three times two tablespoons.
2. Within a month, three times a day before meals, drink a tablespoon of carrot juice.
3. In a teaspoon boiled water add three drops of aloe. Drink on an empty stomach daily.
4. Three times a day, take a spoonful of cranberries mashed with sugar.
5. Help reduce blood pressure honeysuckle berries, black currants, strawberries.
6. Rinse the potato peels thoroughly, pour boiling water over them and cook for about 10 minutes. Drink a decoction before meals four times a day, two tablespoons.
7. In the morning, eat a clove of garlic, after chopping it, and drink it with water with apple cider vinegar diluted in it (one third of a glass - 1 tsp).

Treatment of pregnant women

Hypertension may develop during gestation. This usually happens in the third trimester. There is a risk of developing eclampsia - a severe form of toxicosis with very high blood pressure, life-threatening for a woman and an unborn child. Required emergency treatment, the baby should be born as soon as possible. The main goal of treatment is to lower the lower pressure and keep it at a level no higher than 105 mmHg so that cerebral hemorrhage does not occur.

Blood pressure control is very important during pregnancy. High BP in future mother requires immediate medical attention

With mild to moderate hypertension, the risk to mother and baby is low if left untreated, so medication may not always make sense. A sharp decrease in pressure can lead to a disruption in the flow of blood to the placenta, which will adversely affect the growth of the fetus. Therefore, you need to reduce blood pressure gradually and no more than 140/80.

If it is impossible to do without medicines, you need to choose drugs that are safe for the mother and fetus. These include some calcium channel blockers and beta blockers.

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers should not be prescribed to women in the position. The former reduce the total volume of blood, therefore, its flow to the placenta worsens, and this affects the growth of the fetus. ACE inhibitors lead to a weakening of blood flow to the uterus, causing its ischemia, as well as kidney dysfunction in the unborn child. Taking ARBs can result in fetal death.

Diet for hypertension

This is the simplest but very effective method reduce pressure. Principles healthy eating the following:

• Avoid fatty and high cholesterol foods.
• Reduce the amount of sweets and red meat.
• Include more fruits, herbs, vegetables, berries in the diet.
• Eat more fish, products from whole grain, poultry meat, nuts.
• On the table should always be foods rich in calcium, potassium, magnesium.

Prevention

It is better to prevent hypertension than to treat it. To do this, you need to know what can affect its development. There are several risk factors:

• Age. It is known that with age, pressure increases due to the fact that the vessels gradually become less elastic.
• Floor. According to statistics, men get sick more often than women.
• genetic predisposition.
• Lifestyle.
• Availability bad habits.
• Nutrition.
• Stress.
• Other diseases.
• Excess weight.

If nothing can be done with the first three, then it is quite possible to influence the rest in order to preserve one's own health. Thus, prevention will consist of the following points:

• Lifestyle change. Hypertension often develops against the background of hypodynamia. Useful moderate physical activity, sports, outdoor games in the fresh air.
• Rejection of bad habits.
• Maintaining normal weight.
• Avoid stress and learn to deal with it.
• Follow a diet.
• Complete sleep.

Conclusion

If high blood pressure is not treated, the risk of developing diseases such as stroke, kidney failure, heart attack, and heart failure increases. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and one of the main causes of myocardial infarction, along with high cholesterol and smoking. Timely treatment reduces the likelihood of heart failure, disorders cerebral circulation and to some extent a heart attack. special attention And emergency treatment requires malignant hypertension, in which, without the necessary therapy, only 5% of patients remain alive after a year.

Quite often, the first signs of hypertension can be confused with the usual overwork. Therefore, the patient often learns about his diagnosis only when the disease is running. It should be noted that a fairly common problem modern man is high pressure. Symptoms, according to experts, are observed in every third Russian.

What characterizes the disease?

Hypertension is a deviation in human health, characterized by increased pressure in the arterial system. Arteries are understood as vessels that transport the flow of blood to all organs and tissues from the heart. Sustained high blood pressure, as a rule, cannot be triggered by stress or emotional overstrain. Although short-term hypertensive crises are still possible here. The optimal pressure of the average person is considered to be 120/80. A level that is within the specified numbers and up to 139/89 is "pre-hypertensive". Upper blood pressure, exceeding 140, is considered to be a deviation from the norm.

The first digit in the reading characterizes the systolic pressure. It displays the pressure in the arterial vessels (when the human heart pushing blood forward through the arteries). The second is diastolic pressure. This is the moment of relaxation of the heart after its contraction. An increase in the indicators of the first and second types of blood pressure provokes the appearance of a cardiac (heart) disease, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, stroke and visual impairment. These lesions often appear in final stages hypertension when the disease has taken chronic. That is why the timely detection of the described disease is extremely important for any person.

How to determine the level of blood pressure?

The most common way to measure the above indicators is a sphygmomanometer. The device for measuring blood pressure consists of a pneumatic bulb, a special rubber cuff and a pressure gauge. The unit of measurement here is mmHg.

During the use of the sphygmomanometer, the cuff should be put on the patient's forearm. Then, with the help of a pear, air is pumped into it. This is done to create pressure that impedes the flow of blood in the brachial artery. At the end of the procedure, the observed should take his hand to the level of the heart to the side. This manipulation will cause the cuff to deflate. In the process of reducing the air reservoir, the doctor uses a stethoscope, carefully studying the rhythm of the heartbeat. The pressure followed by the first beat will be considered systolic. This is the first number in the readings. The last beat will reflect the level of diastolic pressure. This indicator is the second digit.

Blood pressure measurements can also be taken with another device. For example, an electronic device. Such a device for measuring blood pressure is able to inflate the sleeve itself to right level and fix necessary indications. Therefore, the latter is considered the most convenient.

Factors affecting readings

Several things can affect the pressure in the arteries. Therefore, in the process of measuring the agreed indicators, it is important to normalize the situation around the patient. Here you can advise the following:

• do not eat for an hour before the measurement,
• don't drink caffeine
• no smoking,
• do not do any physical exercise.

Many stress loads can also create problems in determining the required indicators.

It should be emphasized that normal blood pressure should be equal to 120/80. An increased indicator is considered to be numbers up to 140/90 and beyond. In the case of registration of indications within the above-mentioned values, the patient is considered potentially ill. His syndrome is characterized as "pre-hypertensive". If this diagnosis is ignored, the disease can take a pronounced form.

What indicator is considered optimal?

With these symptoms, you should immediately measure blood pressure. High rates clearly indicate an attack. In all cases hypertensive crisis it is highly recommended to call workers medical institution. However, before their arrival, some mandatory actions are required:

• the patient should be laid on a bed with a raised headboard;
• provide him with complete mental and physical rest, put mustard plasters on the calves and back of the head, ensure the flow of fresh air into the room;
• it is recommended to make the patient baths for the upper and lower extremities.

Beware of hypertension!

To begin with, it is necessary to warn those who are addicted non-traditional methods healing. ethnoscience able to cope with such an ailment only on early stages diseases. At the same time, it is highly recommended not to arbitrarily use drugs. In this case, without the provision of qualified medical care, the patient simply will not be able to oppose anything to the disease.

To combat the described deviation in health, hypertensive patients will need to completely change their lives. It is necessary to give up bad habits in order to stabilize blood pressure, treatment should become a way of life.

So, here are the main rules for maintaining proper blood pressure:

• quitting smoking and taking strong alcoholic beverages;
• own weight control;
• systematic sports (walking, swimming, etc.);
• proper nutrition (inclusion of potassium-containing foods in the diet - raisins, seaweed, bananas, etc.);
• increase in the daily dose of water consumption up to 1.5 liters;
• reducing salt intake to 5 grams per day.

Methods of folk medicine

Patients who have high blood pressure should be treated in a complex way. It requires obligatory adherence to a diet with reduced content salt, medication and physical exercise. In case of persistent high blood pressure, more apples and candied cranberries should be consumed. Onions, grapefruit, pumpkin dishes, vinaigrettes, beet salads, etc. have no less benefit.

Recipes for the preparation of natural remedies for AD

Recipe #1

You should take a glass of black radish, carrots and beets, 1 cup of honey, juice of 1 lemon fruit. All ingredients are mixed and placed in a saucepan. Take this porridge for one to two months 3 times a day (before eating) 1 standard spoon.

Recipe #2

Excellent help with high pressure walnuts mixed with honey. Eat a mixture of 100 grams per day for 15-20 days.

Recipe #3

Milk with garlic. For cooking this tool you will need 2 garlic heads boiled in milk until softened. The decoction needs to be filtered. It is taken warm 3 times a day, 1 standard spoon after meals. Course duration - 10-15 days.

Conclusion

Pay close attention to your health if you have ever had high blood pressure. Symptoms can sometimes be completely absent. Therefore, the only measure is strict control of blood pressure. Give up bad habits, improve your lifestyle. Do not let the insidious disease win. Good health to you!