How to distinguish hypertension from hypertension. Arterial hypertension and hypertension: differences, symptoms and treatment features

is a very common occurrence these days. In medicine, this condition is called arterial hypertension. The people are more familiar with the word "hypertension", and, as a rule, people who are not related to medicine do not see the difference in these terms. To be more precise, they are rarely used in everyday life and they say more simply: "I have pressure."

In fact, there are differences between hypertension and hypertension, although both concepts are most closely associated with elevated blood pressure.

What is the difference

Hypertension is a broader concept than hypertension. This is not a disease, but a condition characterized by a persistent increase in pressure, and it does not matter for what reason.

Hypertension, or hypertension, is an independent disease, main feature which is consistently high blood pressure, which is in no way associated with other diseases.

Thus, we can conclude that the word "hypertension" is used when the fact of a persistent increase in blood pressure is stated, and the word "hypertension" is used when we are talking about a specific diagnosis. Not all hypertension is hypertension, but hypertension always has hypertension.

High blood pressure in medicine is called hypertension if it is a symptom of other diseases, in which case the term "secondary (symptomatic) hypertension" is used. Hypertension is primary arterial hypertension, which is also called essential.

Secondary accounts for only about 10% of all cases associated with consistently high blood pressure. The remaining 90% are due to hypertension. That is, we can say that hypertension is the most common form of arterial hypertension.

You should know that a one-time increase in blood pressure is not yet hypertension. You can talk about pathology if the patient had an increase in pressure in calm state on several medical examinations with double measurement.

The approach to treatment is also different. hypertension and secondary hypertension.

In the first case, it is necessary to take medicines throughout life and adhere to healthy lifestyle life, as the disease is incurable and can only be controlled to avoid complications.

In the second case, in addition to symptomatic (lowering blood pressure with drugs and other methods), treatment of the underlying disease is required, but pathologies causing growth There is a lot of pressure, and all of them are not equally amenable to therapy, so it is difficult to talk about forecasts.

Pathological conditions - hypertension and hypertension - combines common feature- high arterial pressure

Hypertension

Hypertension is characterized by a steady increase in blood pressure without visible reasons, while there are no signs of other pathologies. This chronic illness It is considered incurable, since the causes and mechanism of development are not fully understood.

signs

A characteristic sign of hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure, which does not decrease after its growth during stress (physical, emotional) and can return to normal value only after taking medication.

With high blood pressure, characteristic symptoms are observed:

• pulsating headache;
• dizziness;
• redness of the face;
• increased fatigue;
• weakness;
• flashing flies before the eyes;
• noise in ears;
• swelling;
• sweating;
• numbness of hands and feet;
• chest pain;
• insomnia;
• irritability;
• constant feeling of anxiety, restlessness.

Causes

The exact causes of hypertension are unknown. There is an assumption that it develops as a result of prolonged stress, which is especially often observed in people engaged in intensive mental work, as well as living in megacities, where there are many factors that irritate the psyche.

are considered to be at risk suspicious people, which are in the state constant anxiety and stress, which is usually associated with high level epinephrine or norepinephrine in the blood.

In addition, factors such as:

• genetic predisposition;
• salt abuse;
• elderly age;
• smoking;
• male gender;
• alcoholism;
• obesity;
• hypodynamia;
• high level blood cholesterol;
• climax.

One of the most common symptoms of high blood pressure is a headache.

hypertension

Secondary hypertension, as mentioned above, develops against the background of another disease and is considered its symptom. That is, its causes can be considered visible damage any organs. There are several forms of symptomatic hypertension.

Hemodynamic
It develops with organic pathologies of the heart or large vessels (aorta), in which hemodynamic conditions are violated. These diseases include:

• insufficiency of the aortic valve;
• sclerosis of the aortic chamber;
• bradycardia with atrioventricular blockade, etc.

Endocrinopathy
conditioned diffuse goiter, tumors of the adrenal glands, periglomerular apparatus of the kidneys, pituitary gland.

neurogenic
Associated with encephalitis, encephalopathies after head trauma, brain tumors.

Renal (nephrogenic)
Caused by diseases and conditions such as:

• nephritis and pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys);
• compression of the kidneys (tumors, paranephritis);
• kidney stone disease;
• impaired arterial vascularization of the kidneys (renal artery stenosis).

Medicinal
Observed after taking certain drugs:

• adrenomimetics;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• phenacetin;
• hormonal contraceptives.

Summarize

So, the main differences between hypertension and hypertension are as follows:

• hypertension is a chronic disease, hypertension is a condition characterized by a steady increase in pressure;
• the causes of the first are not exactly known, and secondary hypertension develops against the background of endocrine, cardiovascular, kidney disease, pathologies of the central nervous system different origin;
• with hypertension, there are no other signs, except for high blood pressure and its accompanying symptoms, with secondary hypertension, except for manifestations high pressure, there are symptoms of the underlying disease;
• these pathologies require a different approach to treatment.

A persistent increase in blood pressure can be triggered by high mental stress and being in a state of constant stress.

It is very important in the diagnosis to distinguish hypertension from secondary hypertension. In a polyclinic, this is difficult, since it is impossible to carry out complex diagnostics to identify diseases that cause hypertension, in each case of high blood pressure. To exclude these pathologies (renal and endocrine diseases, adrenal tumors, severe atherosclerosis, narrowing of the aorta, brain damage due to injuries and tumors, etc.), a thorough examination using equipment in a hospital department is necessary.

Finally

IN International classification diseases are constantly changing. Essential hypertension is an old name for primary (essential) hypertension. Nowadays, the words "hypertension" and "hypertension" are considered interchangeable, and one should distinguish between primary and secondary hypertension.

Arterial hypertension (Hypertension)

Hypertension and hypertension. What is the difference?

Arterial hypertension (hypertension) - chronic illness characterized by constant or almost constant an increase in blood pressure. Arterial hypertension is often confused with arterial hypertension - a syndrome of persistent increase in blood pressure from 140/90 mm. rt. st and above.

The fact is that high blood pressure is not always hypertension. In this case, an accurate diagnosis is always required additional research, because arterial hypertension may be associated with any disease that affects other organs than the heart. Treatment of arterial hypertension is a struggle primarily with the disease that caused it, and not just lowering blood pressure to acceptable numbers.

Arterial hypertension can proceed imperceptibly for the patient himself, manifested by episodic headaches, irritability, dizziness. memory impairment, decreased performance.

arterial hypertension occupies a leading position among the main causes of shortening of life, as it contributes to the development of such dangerous diseases like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke.

Causes of arterial hypertension

Depending on the causes that caused the development of arterial hypertension, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

Complications of arterial hypertension

People often tend to be rather indifferent to their own health and not carry out any treatment even with a confirmed diagnosis of hypertension. We wave our hands at ourselves and say: “Well, now, die? We lived with hypertension, and we will live on!” However, the fact is that hypertension is a very insidious disease.

A person can live for a long time without even suspecting his illness, without complaining about his health, although sometimes he may experience bouts of deterioration in well-being, weakness and dizziness. However, even in this case, as a rule, we attribute everything to overwork or stress. And in vain! It is at such times that it is better to do blood pressure measurement- this will help prevent a lot of health problems in the future.

arterial hypertension strikes the so-called. target organs - organs most sensitive to rises in blood pressure. Dizziness, headache, noise in the head, memory impairment, working capacity are initial manifestations deterioration cerebral circulation.

Severe form arterial hypertension can lead to cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage. An increase (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the heart in the distant future is the cause of cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema, and chronic heart failure.

Patients with untreated arterial hypertension approximately 43% of cases die from complications associated with chronic heart failure, 36% from coronary artery insufficiency, 14% from cerebrovascular causes (changes in the state of blood vessels), 7% from complications as a result of nephrogenic hypertension.

Treatment of arterial hypertension in GUTA-CLINIC

Diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension in GUTA-CLINIC is carried out using the most modern laboratory and diagnostic methods recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and specialists of the Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension (RMOAG)

Specialists GUTA-CLINIC individually select for you the most modern, efficient, safe antihypertensive drugs in an adequate dosage to achieve the best therapeutic effect and also prescribe a set of measures aimed at eliminating risk factors for high blood pressure.

Remember that in the absence treatment arterial hypertension leads to such cardiovascular diseases. like myocardial infarction and stroke.

Take care of your health, sign up for a consultation with a specialist and start the path to a healthy life!

Additional materials on the topic

Difference between high and low pressure. Differences and Comparison

What is high pressure?

High blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg. and diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg. for 2 or more readings taken in 2 different clinic visits. Arterial hypertension is divided into four categories.

1. Normal - systolic less than 120 mm Hg. diastolic below 80 mmHg

2. Preliminary hypertension - systolic 120 - 139 mm Hg. diastolic 80-89 mm Hg

3. Stage I - systolic 140 - 159 mm Hg. diastolic 90 - 99 mm Hg.

4. Stage II - systolic above 160 mm Hg. diastolic above 100 mm Hg.

Hypertension can be subdivided into primary or essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. Hypertension has no causes as such, secondary hypertension has. Severe hypertension above 180/110 mmHg can damage receptors. Hypertensive receptor damage, in turn, can lead to encephalopathy, hemorrhagic stroke (intracranial hemorrhage), myocardial infarction, left ventricular failure, and acute pulmonary edema.

The pathogenesis of hypertension is extremely complex. Cardiac output, blood volume, blood viscosity, vascular elasticity, innervation, humoral and tissue factors affect blood pressure. As a rule, high blood pressure is observed in older people.

Disorders that can lead to secondary arterial hypertension: Endocrinological: acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, hyperaldosteronemia, excessive secretion of corticosteroids (Cushing's), pheochromocytoma

Kidney disease: chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease

Chronic diseases: collagenosis, vasculitis.

Hypertension during pregnancy is very dangerous. Hypertension and seizures characterize eclampsia, which can lead to premature detachment placenta, polyhydramnios and fetal death.

What is low pressure?

Low blood pressure can be caused by: a decrease in blood volume, dilation of peripheral vessels and a decrease cardiac output. Reduced blood volume can be caused by bleeding, excessive water loss due to polyureas, diuresis, water loss due to skin diseases and burns. Peripheral vasodilation may be associated with the use of drugs such as nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers.

During pregnancy, blood vessels dilate, blood viscosity decreases and blood volume increases, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure, especially during the first two trimesters. Endocrinological causes such as hypoaldosteronism, corticosteroid deficiency can lower blood pressure.

Diabetes causes low blood pressure, especially in association with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Exist different kinds hypotonic shock. hypovolemic shock due to reduced blood volume. Cardiogenic shock due to a reduction in the ability of the heart to pump blood. Neurogenic shock due to contraction sympathetic tone or excessive parasympathetic input. Anaphylactic shock because of allergic reaction. A severe decrease in blood pressure can reduce organ perfusion and lead to ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney failure, intestinal ischemia.

If you liked the article, please thank the author.

Arterial hypertension: definition and main degrees of the disease

The negative effects of high blood pressure are known to almost everyone. However, many of us do not seek to control it, justifying our actions by the fact that such elevated readings are the norm for them, so to speak, "working pressure".

A change in pressure level, increase or decrease, directly affects general well-being person. Contributes to the occurrence of the following unpleasant symptoms.

Arterial hypertension (AH), or as it is called in another way, hypertension is a systematic increase blood pressure higher than 140 by 90 mm. rt. Art.

It is one of the most common diseases in modern society. It mostly affects people 25 years of age and older.

Women are generally more prone to bouts of hypertension than men. However, it should be noted that in recent years, this disease is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Rejuvenation of the disease contribute modern conditions life and environmental degradation.

In Russia, hypertension is the main cause of disability. This disease significantly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke, and can also cause lethal outcome.

Classification of blood pressure levels:

According to WHO, the following levels of blood pressure are distinguished.

Risk levels of hypertension

To determine the degree of risk, it is necessary to pay attention to the following factors.

• Gender and age of the sick person.
• hereditary predisposition to the disease.
• High blood cholesterol.
• smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages and other bad habits.
• The presence of excess weight.
• Unhealthy lifestyle: stress, lack of sleep, sedentary work, etc.
• The presence of diseases of organs that are primarily affected by hypertension (heart, brain, retina, kidneys).

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk factor. It occurs due to the fact that with this disease, the load on the heart muscles increases significantly and a compensatory increase in their thickness occurs, which is fraught with the risk of heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death.

Even on the most early stages AH reduces the blood supply to the brain, which leads to headaches, dizziness and, in general, there is a general decrease in working capacity.

The prolonged course of the disease can lead to microinfarcts of the brain, as well as to a decrease in the mass of the brain itself. As a result, there is a violation of memory, a decrease in intelligence, and in severe cases leads to dementia.

The kidneys are also heavily affected by hypertension. Hypertension leads to sclerosis of blood vessels and tissues of the kidneys and disruption of their function.

The content of urea and its decay products increases in the blood. Urinalysis shows protein content. There is a risk of developing kidney failure.

Depending on the above factors, the following degrees of arterial hypertension are distinguished.

• The first degree of risk indicates less than 15% chance of cardiovascular complications in a patient over the next ten years.
• The second degree of risk - the probability is 20%.
• The third degree of risk is the probability of 30%.
• The fourth degree of risk is the probability of more than 30%.

Varieties of stages of the disease

Stages of hypertension directly depend on the level of damage internal organs suffering from high blood pressure (target organs).

I stage. No diagnosable target organ damage.

II stage. At this stage of the disease, one or more organs are affected: an increase in the left ventricle, the presence of "plaques" in the vessels, the presence of protein in the urine, increased content creatinine in the blood, vasoconstriction of the retina.

III stage. In total, the lesions of the internal organs listed above are joined clinical manifestations heart diseases (rhythm disturbance, angina pectoris, heart failure, heart attack), brain (encephalopathy, stroke, circulatory disorders of the brain), retina (hemorrhage), kidneys (increased creatinine and development of renal failure), vessels (aortic aneurysm).

If left untreated, rapidly progressive hypertension is fatal within one year.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment should be started when the first symptoms of the disease occur. In the initial stages of hypertension, it is customary to use non-drug methods of treatment.

Medication treatment should be started with grade 2 hypertension, since at this level of blood pressure, non-drug methods of treatment will not be effective.

However, any medicines should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor, after passing a medical examination.

In the treatment of hypertension, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of blood pressure and keep a special control diary.

Normal blood pressure for healthy person any age is 120/80 mmHg. The first indicator indicates the pressure during contraction of the heart, and the second - during relaxation.

The average is also considered an important indicator, it is calculated by multiplying the first data by twice the second indicators, the resulting number is divided by three and the desired result is obtained.

If a patient has arterial hypertension in the form of an increase in blood pressure, the measurement indicators are 140/90 mmHg. Hypertension is characterized by the fact that it combines essential hypertension and increased muscle tone.

The difference lies in the fact that arterial hypertension can be triggered not only by diseases of cardio-vascular system, but also by increasing the pressure in various cavities the whole organism.

Arterial hypertension is accompanied by persistent and constant increase pressure in blood vessels.

Arterial hypertension, in turn, is distinguished by the fact that it is a disease in which high blood pressure is only a separate, but far from the main symptom.

Violation of the state of the body occurs with frequent stress, unrest, physical overstrain. And, most importantly, getting rid of the disease is almost impossible without the use of special treatment in the form of medicines and other therapies.

In this case, we are talking about arterial hypertension.

What is the difference between hypertension and hypertension

In the case when blood pressure began to more and more often overcome the mark of 140/90 mmHg, this indicates the presence of arterial hypertension. That is, such a concept is a symptom characterized by an increase in performance, and not separate disease as many mistakenly believe. Arterial hypertension indicates a certain state of the patient's body at one time or another.

Arterial hypertension is also associated with an increase in pressure, but it is a specific disease. Meanwhile in Everyday life it is believed that hypertension and hypertension are one and the same, if you do not go into details.

Hypertension, in turn, by origin can be symptomatic and essential.

1. Essential, or primary, is a disease that has the main symptom and root cause in the form of an increase in blood pressure above normal indicators i.e. arterial hypertension.
2. Symptomatic or secondary hypertension is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure due to the development of diseases of other internal organs in the form of kidneys, heart, lungs, thyroid gland. If you treat only one high blood pressure, trying to reduce it by any possible ways, and do not pay attention to other factors, the disease cannot be cured. However, after the therapy of the underlying disease is carried out, hypertension gradually disappears.

To summarize, we can safely say that hypertension and arterial hypertension are practically the same thing, since both concepts are similar and imply an increase in blood pressure above normal.

The differences are primarily in terminology, and not in medicine, defining hypertension as a symptom, and not the underlying disease.

Causes of high blood pressure

Hypertension can be caused by:

• genetic abnormalities;
• Violation of the endocrine system;
• Disease of the nervous system;
• Some kidney diseases;
• diabetes mellitus;
• Excessive smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages and salty foods;
• Increase in body weight;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• Use of glucocorticosteroid drugs or contraceptives;
• Hormonal changes in the form of menopause.

Hypertension is usually caused by frequent stress, regular physical or emotional overload.

Such a disease often develops if a person has a genetic predisposition, concussion, atherosclerosis and other age-related changes can also be the cause.

Hypertension has symptoms that resemble normal overwork:

1. Pulsation and pain in the head, dizziness, tinnitus;
2. Increased irritability, tension and anxiety;
3. Feeling of chills combined with increased sweating;
4. Redness and swelling of the face;
5. Decreased performance;
6. Memory impairment.

How is hypertension diagnosed and treated?

To identify a health disorder, first of all, the level of blood pressure is measured, in addition, the doctor prescribes an ultrasound of the kidneys, an electrocardiogram, an echocardiogram. Get more detailed information possible with the help of general and biochemical analysis blood tests, urine tests and hormonal background patient.

Treatment consists of both medications and non-drug methods therapies that the doctor selects in individually. This helps prevent the development of the disease, protects the internal organs from damage, eliminates the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood, and also prevents the occurrence of kidney and heart failure, heart attack and stroke.

TO non-drug methods include maintaining a healthy lifestyle. For fat people a certain diet is prescribed, aimed at reducing body weight and cleansing the body of accumulated toxins. Animal fats are excluded from the diet, it is recommended to eat dairy products, vegetables and fruits more often.

In addition to correcting nutrition, it is important to reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages, salty foods and stop smoking as much as possible. Additionally, it is necessary to moderately load the body, trying to avoid excessive physical activity.

When hypertension is detected, the doctor measures blood pressure. If the development of the disease is suspected, the patient is sent for an electrocardiogram, x-ray examination chest.

Blood is examined for the level of hemoglobin, cholesterol, calcium, glucose. Urinalysis is also done for uric acid, phosphate, protein and glucose.

If a patient is diagnosed with the first stage of the disease, accompanied by mild form, treatment consists in the use of non-drug methods of therapy. The patient is taking herbal sedatives, refuses smoking, reconsiders the food allowance.

• Quitting smoking, first of all, the patient prolongs the work of blood vessels and internal organs, thereby improving overall well-being and lowering blood pressure. You need to give up bad habits gradually, using any convenient technique.
• By limiting the use of salt during meals, the patient adjusts the level of fluid in the body, so that the kidneys and the cardiovascular system are able to function without additional stress, which normalizes blood pressure.
• To improve the condition, it is recommended to walk, swim more often, as the main method is used physiotherapy. It is important that physical activity is constant, but light. Excessive physical activity can adversely affect health, so it is recommended to do a little every day and avoid unwanted overload on the body.

If there is no result after non-drug treatment the doctor prescribes in the form of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, sartans, beta-blockers. For best effect medicines are combined.

Thus, hypertension differs from hypertension in that it is not considered an independent disease, but may be accompanied by a persistent and prolonged increase in blood pressure.

If I diagnose arterial hypertension, the first thing to do is treat primary disease. Hypertension, on the other hand, is able to change blood pressure with the help of a certain emotional state and physical activity. Details about the treatment and types of hypertension in the video in this article.

Enter your pressure

Recent discussions.

Arterial blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels. It depends on the state in which the person is, as well as on the resistance provided by the capillaries, arteries and veins. BP rises with exercise stressful situations. A decrease in this indicator is observed when the impact on the body of certain factors ceases.

If the vascular tone increases, and the constriction of the capillaries, arteries and veins does not go away, arterial hypertension (abbreviated designation - AH), or hypertension, occurs. So let's see if the words "hypertension" and "hypertension" have a major difference? Are these terms equivalent?

Difference from hypertension

There are such terms as "arterial hypertension" and "hypertension". The differences between the concepts can be seen by reading the following definitions:

• arterial hypertension - increased blood pressure in the arteries;
• hypertension is a disease unclear etiology, which is characterized by a steady increase in blood pressure and regional disorders of vascular tone.

After analyzing the definitions of "arterial hypertension" and "hypertension", we can conclude that the first term denotes a symptom, and the second - a diagnosis. However, in many modern books and magazines devoted to medicine, these concepts are used as synonyms.

Causes of arterial hypertension

One of the factors contributing to the development of hypertension are overweight. At overweight body, the risk of hypertension increases 6 times. This is explained by the fact that fat metabolism is disturbed in overweight people. Blood vessels become less elastic. As a result, blood pressure begins to deviate from the norm.

Those people who are interested in the topic "Hypertension and hypertension: differences" should also know that another cause of the disease is an unhealthy lifestyle. In people who refuse physical activity, arterial hypertension is diagnosed 2 times more often than in those who are quite active. Smokers also complain about high blood pressure. Because of bad habit occurs This provokes a rise in blood pressure.

The condition referred to by the terms "hypertension" and "hypertension" (the differences between them are noted above) can be caused by heredity. The likelihood of developing hypertension increases if any of the relatives (mother, father, grandmother, grandfather) suffer from high blood pressure, hypertension. It is also worth noting that men under the age of 40 are much more likely to complain of rising blood pressure. It has to do with sex hormones. Over the years, the chances of developing hypertension in both men and women become equal.

Symptoms of hypertension

What is the difference between hypertension and hypertension, what is the difference between these terms? Many people suffering high blood pressure are asking these questions. They speak about when blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg. Art. At the same time, "pre-hypertension", mild hypertension, moderate hypertension and severe hypertension.

Characteristics of blood pressure levels

Category	Pressure
	systolic (upper), in mm Hg. Art.	diastolic (lower), in mm Hg. Art.
severe hypertension	over 180	over 110
moderate hypertension	from 160, but not more than 179	from 100, but not more than 109
Mild hypertension	from 140 to 159	90 to 99
"Prehypertension" (borderline normal blood pressure)	from 140 to 159	from 90 to 95

With increased pressure, the well-being of patients worsens. Those people who have arterial hypertension (hypertension) notice the following symptoms:

• pain in the head;
• noise in ears;
• dizziness;
• flies before the eyes;
• dyspnea;
• heartbeat;
• feeling of pain in the region of the heart.

On initial stage, which is characterized moderately, as a rule, do not appear. In the following stages, suspicious symptoms occur due to the progression of the disease, damage to internal organs (impaired cerebral circulation, heart failure).

Medical treatment

The goal of therapy is to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. To achieve it, it is necessary to carry out treatment continuously (not courses) in accordance with the doctor's recommendations. Regarding drugs, it should be noted that there are different means. They are divided into the following groups:

• diuretics ("Hydrochlorothiazide", "Furosemide");
• β-adenoblockers ("Propranolol", "Betaxolol");
• calcium antagonists ("Verapamil", "Amlodipine");
• angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE ("Captopril", "Quinapril");
• ("Losartan", "Irbesartan"), etc.

A specific drug can be prescribed by a doctor after taking into account the existing contraindications, the presence concomitant diseases, condition of the liver, kidneys and other internal organs. Monotherapy helps 1/3 of sick people. The remaining patients require the appointment of several drugs. Such therapy is called combination therapy.

Non-drug methods

Sick people who are interested in the topic "Hypertension and hypertension: differences, what is the difference" should remember that treatment is not limited to the use of drugs. Absolutely all patients are recommended non-drug methods. First of all, you should pay attention to your body weight. If there are extra pounds, then you need:

• change your diet (increase the amount of vegetables and fruits, limit the consumption of animal fats, add fish and seafood to the menu);
• raise physical activity (positive effect able to give swimming, brisk walking, cycling for 30-40 minutes 3 or 4 times a week).

One of the important non-drug methods is smoking cessation. By getting rid of a bad habit, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (stroke, coronary disease hearts). It is also recommended to give up alcoholic products.

Non-pharmacological treatments include table salt. Previous studies have shown that this measure lowers blood pressure. For example, due to salt restriction from 10 to 5 g per day, systolic blood pressure decreases by about 4–6 mm Hg. Art.

Health food

People who have arterial hypertension (the difference from hypertension is that the latter term is a disease, a diagnosis), a potassium diet is indicated. Macronutrient rich foods (potatoes, legumes, nuts, sea ​​kale, dried fruits), contribute to the removal of fluid from the body. In addition, they prevent potassium deficiency, which occurs due to the use of certain diuretics.

An example is the following menu for hypertensive patients:

• morning breakfast - tea, egg, soft-boiled, milk-cooked oatmeal;
• second breakfast - baked apples with sugar;
• lunch - vegetable soup, carrot puree, boiled meat, dried fruit compote;
• afternoon snack - a decoction prepared on the basis of wild rose;
• dinner - boiled potatoes, boiled fish, cottage cheese dessert, tea;
• before going to bed - a sour-milk drink.

Folk remedies for the disease

In a condition referred to by the terms "hypertension" and "hypertension" (the differences between them modern specialists not isolated), can help folk remedies. Many recipes are known:

1. BP can be lowered by beetroot juice and honey. For cooking medicinal product take 1 glass with the first ingredient. Honey is needed in the same amount. Both ingredients are mixed in a container. Finished product take before meals 2-3 tbsp. spoons three times a day.
2. Blood pressure returns to normal when drinking a honey-lemon drink. Honey in the amount of 1 tbsp. spoons dissolve in a glass mineral water. Squeeze the juice from half a lemon and add it to the preparation. The drink is drunk on an empty stomach for a week. After the course of treatment, a month break is taken.
3. With hypertension, it is useful to drink viburnum infusion. To prepare it, take 10 g of fruits and pour them with 1 glass hot water. The container with the product is covered with a lid and insisted on a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Then the medicine is cooled, filtered and added warm water so that the volume is 200 ml. Take the infusion three times a day for 1/3 cup.

Consequences if left untreated

People who are interested in how hypertension differs from hypertension should know that a condition characterized by high blood pressure is dangerous. It quite often leads to a stroke. This is a violation of cerebral circulation, which sometimes causes death. People with a stroke have severe headaches. In some cases, it is accompanied by nausea or vomiting. Patients also experience dizziness, noise and speech disturbance, paralysis of the limbs and loss of consciousness.

Another dangerous consequence of arterial hypertension is myocardial infarction. In this condition, ischemic necrosis of a portion of the muscular middle layer of the heart develops due to insufficient blood supply. The main symptom of myocardial infarction is chest pain. Sometimes patients report shortness of breath, cough. Often the only symptom is sudden stop hearts.

Preventive measures

In order not to face hypertension and its dangerous consequences, the following recommendations should be followed:

• try not to get into stressful situations;
• prevent the development of obesity;
• regularly use a tonometer to measure blood pressure;
• walk more often in the fresh air;
• do not smoke or abuse alcoholic beverages;
• adhere to a special diet with limited salt;
• normalize your regime of work and rest.

In conclusion, it should be noted that hypertension is a common disease. They affect approximately 30% of the adult population. Older people are more likely to develop the disease. If you have any suspicious symptoms, you should consult a doctor who will put accurate diagnosis. The specialist at the reception will explain the difference between hypertension and hypertension. If necessary, he will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Is it the same or not? People who are far from medicine do not distinguish between these two concepts, often confuse them with each other, replacing one with the other as synonyms. Indeed, there is a similarity in them, both external (they are written almost the same) and so internal (the meanings of the words are close in meaning). If we turn to the origins of the origin of both words, we can see that their roots have an almost identical meaning: “hyper” means above, above, above, “tonia” is tone, “tension” is tension, tension. And yet there is a difference in terms. How is hypertension different from hypertension?

Hypertension is the name of a person's condition at the time of an increase in blood pressure in the arteries, and, as a rule, this is not a short-term slight increase in its level. Blood pressure in this case rises quite high and is kept at this level for quite a long time. If the tonometer detects a persistent excess of normal values ​​(over 140/90), we can talk about hypertension. Voltage vascular walls increases at this point.

Thus, arterial hypertension is an established fact of an increase in pressure, a specific state of a person at a specific point in time, a certain value that is reflected on the tonometer scale.

Hypertension is a disease that affects the work of the whole organism. It is caused by the excessive tone of the whole muscular system body, including the tone in the walls of blood vessels. The disease is accompanied in almost 100% of cases by an increase in the tonometer, that is, hypertension. An increase in pressure can be either permanent (at the 2nd and 3rd stages of hypertension), or periodic, short-term (the first stage of the disease).

At the very beginning of the formation of hypertension, there may be normal pressure indicators, while hypertonicity of muscle tissues is already present. The resistance of the walls of blood vessels increases if they are narrowed. But with a slight and short-term spasm, the pressure level will not increase. Why? When the vessels are not yet damaged, there is no accumulation of cholesterol in them, blood circulation is not disturbed, the body copes with this situation without increasing pressure.

If the lumen of the vessels is narrowed significantly and the spasm persists long time, while in the vessels there have already been outlined pathological changes, the tonometer will show an excess of the norm.

Differences and similarities

The main difference between hypertension and hypertension is as follows: the first term refers to the manifestation, a sign of the disease, the second - the disease itself. Hypertension is a complex of systemic pathological abnormalities in the body, they persist and worsen throughout life. An increase in blood pressure is not the only indicator of the disease. Hypertension is a temporary condition that may indicate the presence of serious pathologies.

Hypertension and its causes

Hypertension can be a symptom of both hypertension and other diseases.

Sometimes a persistent increase in pressure is not at all associated with the presence of pathology in the body. So, a healthy person in a state of increased emotional arousal or in the process of sports training may experience an attack of hypertension, but these are one-time cases, and such a development of events can be considered the norm. When the action of the provoking factor stops, the pressure level is restored.

An increase in pressure in a healthy person can also occur due to adverse external conditions: intense heat, cold, stay in highlands or deep under water. This is how the body adapts to changes. environment and this is also normal.

If hypertension accompanies essential (primary) hypertension, the causes of its occurrence may be as follows:

• Excessive tension of the nervous system.
• Physical exhaustion.
• Smoking.
• Low physical activity.
• Bad nutrition.

• Kidney problems.
• Violations in the work of the endocrine system.
• Cardiovascular pathologies (atherosclerosis, aneurysm, VVD, heart defects, etc.)
• Diseases and injuries of the brain.
• Taking certain medications.
• Pulmonary diseases.
• Poisoning.

When hypertension becomes constant sign diseases, we can talk about the development of secondary ().

Hypertension and its causes

The direct cause of the development of essential hypertension has not been identified. There is only a set of provoking factors that can contribute (or not) to the occurrence of pathology, a lot depends on individual features organism. These factors are identical to the reasons causing hypertension that have been listed above.

As for secondary hypertension, here everything is clear with the reasons: they will be pathologies against which symptomatic hypertension has developed.

Hypertension is characterized by systematic disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system, which contribute to further progression diseases.

• Increased and frequent contractions of the heart.
• Violation of the structure of the vascular walls (replacement of the muscle layer connective tissue, wall thinning, loss of elasticity).
• Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of blood.

Treatment approaches

Hypertension is not treated, the cause that caused this symptom is treated.

Hypertension does not have a clear cause, so the main principles of treatment are: maintaining optimal pressure values, preventing dangerous complications, strengthening and supporting the cardiovascular system, normalization of blood circulation.

Treatment of hypertension continues throughout life, it is impossible to cancel the medication in any case.

You can get rid of hypertension if you can find the exact cause and eliminate it.

In any case, to combat high blood pressure, which accompanies both hypertension and hypertension, an integrated approach is used:

1. Medications.
2. Lifestyle change.
3. Surgical intervention.
4. Dieting.

Identical features

Both phenomena, hypertension and hypertension, do not differ in the symptoms of their manifestation, since the meaning of both concepts is associated with an increase in blood pressure. Here are their common features:

• Headache syndrome, often accompanied by nausea.
• A rush of blood to the face, hence the reddening of the skin.
• Edema of the face and limbs.
• Noise and ringing in the ears.
• Flashing dots before the eyes.
• Pain in the eyes, vision problems.
• Dizziness.

• Rapid or erratic pulse.
• Discomfort and tingling in the chest.
• Increased arousal.
• Dyspnea.

All distinctive features two different concepts can be summarized in one table.

Hypertension and hypertension: differences

Difference parameters	Hypertension	hypertension
Definition	Systemic disease with a complex of symptoms	Symptom
Causes	There are no clear reasons, there is a failure in the regulation of vascular activity and pathological changes in the vessels	There are specific reasons and there are many. It can be a manifestation of various diseases, not only hypertension
Treatment	Requires long and complex treatment	It is not the condition itself that is treated, but the cause that caused it
Duration	The disease stays with a person for life.	temporary phenomenon
indication of pathology	Hypertension is a pathology, a violation of the health of the whole organism.	Sometimes it's normal

You may also be interested in:

Problems with potency in hypertensive patients: how to find a suitable solution
Is it possible to go to the bath with hypertension?
Is it possible to run with hypertension - probable benefit or possible harm