home Diseases Cervical caries: causes, treatment, photos. Detailed information about cervical caries

Cervical caries: causes, treatment, photos. Detailed information about cervical caries

Cervical caries localized in the area of the tooth neck. It is because of this that it got its name. Patients often also call it root caries, although this is a misnomer. In Fig. 1-3 you can see what single and multiple cervical caries looks like on the upper and lower teeth.

Cervical caries: photo

Cervical caries: causes

Let us remember that caries is caused by cariogenic microorganisms in the composition of soft plaque and hard tartar. These microbes “digest” food debris in the mouth into organic acids, which in turn leach calcium from the enamel and destroy it. Poor oral hygiene (Fig. 4-5) leads to the development of caries.

You can read more about the development of caries in our article:
→

In the process of development, cervical caries goes through several stages: from a white spot to deep caries. So, at the very beginning, cervical caries looks like white chalky spots on the surface of the enamel in the area of the necks of the teeth (Fig. 6). At this stage, there is no actual carious defect (carious cavity) yet. These areas range in color from slightly matte to bright white.

If negative factors(soft microbial plaque and food debris) continue to act, then caries in the form of white spots transforms into a superficial, then medium and deep carious cavity (as in Fig. 1-3).

Cervical caries: diagnosis

Diagnosis of cervical caries is not difficult, since carious defects are located on clearly visible surfaces of the teeth. White chalky spots can also be seen in the mirror even on your own, especially if you dry the surface of the teeth.

In addition to visual inspection, special dye solutions are used. The patient is asked to rinse his mouth with this solution. At the same time, the dye from this solution cannot penetrate the enamel of healthy teeth saturated with calcium, but the dye perfectly penetrates into demineralized (deprived of calcium) areas of the enamel. Demineralized enamel is very porous. After the mouth is rinsed with running water, the dye is retained only in areas of the enamel that are subject to demineralization. A few hours after rinsing with this dye, the teeth gradually acquire their previous color.

Cervical caries: how to treat...

Depending on the stage of cervical caries, they can be used different methods treatment. At a very early stage, when caries consists only of white chalky spots without destruction of the surface layer of enamel, it is advisable to try conservative treatment. If a carious defect has already formed, then it is definitely necessary to fill such defects.

1. Treatment of cervical caries in the white spot stage -

The essence of caries therapy in the white spot stage is that the enamel deprived of calcium must be saturated with calcium again. For this purpose, special remineralizing preparations containing highly active calcium and fluorine are used. One of the best drugs for remineralization of enamel is “Enamel-sealing liquid Tiefenfluorid” (made in Germany).

Also, for the treatment of caries in the white spot stage, dentists widely advertise the drug ICON (developed by the German company DMG). The disadvantage of this drug is that it does not actually heal, but rather preserves the enamel with a special polymer composition (like plastic).

In any case, before applying and applying these drugs, soft dental plaque and hard dental deposits must be removed from the teeth. It is also necessary to educate the patient proper hygiene oral cavity, since if hygiene remains at the same level, then the success of such therapy will not be expected.

2. Treatment of cervical caries with destruction of enamel -

Treatment of root caries consists of the following steps:

Cleaning teeth from plaque and tartar(Fig.7) –
Soft plaque and hard dental deposits must be removed. This is usually done using polishing brushes and abrasive paste.
Determining the color of the enamel of filling teeth(Fig.8) –
it is necessary to choose the right color of the filling material so that it matches the color of your own tooth enamel
Preparation of a carious defect –
those. At this stage, all dental tissue affected by caries is removed using a drill.
Isolating a tooth from saliva(Fig.9) –
Qualified dentists use a rubber dam for this, which allows you to completely isolate the tooth (being treated) from saliva and wet breath. This is important if you want the filling not to fall out in a few months to a year.
A rubber dam is a thin band of latex in which holes are made for a group of teeth and then pulled over those teeth. After tensioning the scarf, a special metal fixing clasp is installed. It is needed to hold the rubber dam close to the gums. You can see how teeth are isolated using the power of a rubber dam in Fig. 9.
Treatment of the cavity with adhesive –
enamel and dentin must be treated with adhesive before adding filling material. This is necessary for reliable adhesion of the filling to the tooth tissue.
Filling a defect –

Filling material is introduced into the treated carious cavity to fill the lost part of the tooth. The tooth is given its physiological shape. During the layer-by-layer application of filling material, each layer is illuminated with a special photo-polymerization lamp, which leads to hardening of the filling material (Fig. 10).
Sanding and polishing –
It is performed using special fine-grained discs and burs in order to give the tooth its final shape, as well as to create a smooth and shiny surface.

Stages of treatment of cervical caries using a specific example -

In Fig. 11 you can see the initial situation: with many carious defects, treatment of the upper central and lateral incisors is planned. In Fig. 12 we can see that all tissues affected by caries have already been removed, and a rubber dam has been applied to the teeth to isolate them from saliva. Figure 13 shows a view of the finished work.

It is no coincidence that cervical caries is classified as the most dangerous dental disease, because it affects their vulnerable spot – the base. The process affects the cervical area of the tooth: neck and area bordering the gum. This form of caries occurs quite often, especially in people over thirty.

Inaccessibility and anatomical features tooth enamel of the root area creates all the conditions for the rapid spread of the carious process. The infection, which does not initially manifest itself in any way, very quickly affects all channels.

If the process is started, it will no longer be possible to save the tooth. That is why it is so important to diagnose this pathology in a timely manner.

Symptoms

Symptoms indicating the presence of cervical caries are:

darkening of the enamel in the area of the tooth neck;
formation carious cavity on the neck;
increased sensitivity to various kinds of stimuli: mechanical, chemical, temperature;
pain syndrome, which with this type of caries has short-term nature and usually goes away as soon as exposure to the irritant stops.

Development mechanism

In its development, cervical carious lesions go through several stages with a clinical picture characteristic of each of them.

Stain stage or initial

Leaking asymptomatic. Tooth sensitivity external stimuli remains at the same level, although some people may experience some discomfort, a feeling of setbacks.

The enamel becomes thinner, becomes matte, but continues to remain smooth. On it only a white or pigmented carious spot appears without roughness.

Surface

In the area of the resulting stain, a roughness zone appears, enamel begins to collapse. There is a short-term sensation of pain from exposure to various irritants: temperature, eating sweet, sour or salty foods, drinks. At this stage, the disease progresses quite quickly.

Average

The process affects dental tissues and forms carious cavity and the defect is already difficult to miss visually. Pain syndrome intensifies.

Deep

The destruction penetrates deeper into the tissue and the damage can acquire critical proportions, affecting the canals and pulp. The pain becomes unbearable. At this stage, it can be provoked, in addition to the above, mechanical impact, inhalation of cold air.

Clinical symptoms often manifest themselves individually, so sometimes it can be difficult to determine to what stage the caries lesion has reached. Especially if it concerns the superficial or initial, middle or deep stages, the transition occurs so smoothly.

Circular

Cervical caries predominantly affects the buccal (vestibular) and palatal (lingual) surfaces of the gingival areas of the anterior or lateral teeth, in in rare cases- wisdom tooth.

As the pathology progresses, the boundaries of the lesion increase, capturing the entire cervical area of the crown in a circle. In this case, we are already dealing with circular caries, which is sometimes conventionally called a “cervical complication.”

This type of caries is considered more aggressive and, unlike cervical caries, has pronounced Clinical signs. It is also dangerous because it can lead to partial break off or break the whole crowns sick tooth.

Causes

The gingival region has its own characteristics. On the one hand, plaque accumulates here quite quickly, on the other hand, you can operate on this area with a toothbrush without the risk of injury soft fabrics, difficult.

That is why plaque containing cariogenic microorganisms most often remains in the area of the tooth neck, and in large quantities.

The thickness of the enamel in this area is very small - 0.1 mm. For comparison, we note that the same parameter in the area of the tooth cusps is 1.7 mm, and fissures are of the order 0.6 mm.

Obviously, the thinner the enamel layer, the easier it is to damage it with a hard brush or abrasive pastes, the worse the enamel protects the tooth from impact pathogenic bacteria, living in the oral cavity.

This also partly explains the fact that cervical caries is predominantly a human disease average and more senior age.

Let us note several more factors that contribute to the development of carious processes in the cervical area:

leftover food, stuffed into peculiar pockets formed between the gum and tooth. When they decompose, lactic acid is released, which demineralizes tooth enamel;
addiction to sour products;
abuse of foods containing easily fermentable carbohydrates, in particular sucrose. During the fermentation process, organic acids are formed that “eat away” the enamel;
flaw some vitamins, causing vitamin deficiency, for example, vitamin B1;
medicines, increasing the porosity of the enamel;
endocrine dysfunction(cervical caries in endocrine diseases simultaneously affects several teeth);
pregnancy.

Diagnostics

It is extremely difficult to determine for yourself what the cause of the pain is or what the defects found in the cervical area are associated with. Dentists are well aware that spots, streaks, and deformations localized in this area are characteristic of various pathologies:

himself cervical caries;
diseases of non-carious origin, for example, wedge-shaped defect, fluorosis and another;
different options pigmented dental plaque, including the well-known “smoker’s plaque.”

Equipment for X-ray diagnostics

Therefore, when examining a patient, the dentist is not limited to clinical diagnostics, and also resorts to other research methods. In particular, they use:

method stain staining, say, a 2% solution of methylene blue;
radiography;
EOM;
radiovisiographic examination;
transillumination etc.

It is extremely important to correctly determine the diagnosis, because the choice of treatment tactics depends on this.

We must not forget that quite often under the cervical carious process in the initial stage there can be camouflage various defects deeper layers or one of the most common complications of caries - pulp inflammation and periodontitis.

Treatment

All types of caries have a similar treatment method, which is selected according to the stage of the disease. However, cervical - has one feature: treatment is carried out under the influence of anesthetic.

The neck of the tooth is an extremely sensitive area, and any impact on it can be accompanied by severe pain.

Treatment at the initial stage

At the stain stage, while the surface enamel layer is still intact, you can carry out conservative treatment– remineralizing therapy. It provides:

surface cleaning teeth from stone and plaque;
applique from fluorine-containing compounds or applying special gels.

The use of drugs such as Gluftored, Belagel F or Ca/P, Fluoroden and others, allows for a few sessions to achieve complete regeneration of the outer layer of enamel and stop the development of caries.

In parallel, the patient is prescribed appropriate medications and hygiene products for home use:

rinse aids containing fluorides;
dental fluoride paste(concentration: 1000 – 1500 ppm);
flosses containing fluorine;
fluoridated water and salt, etc.

Treatment at the superficial stage

It is already necessary here grinding carious area to remove the affected tissue. After this you can carry out remineralizing therapy.

Treatment in the final stages

At the stage of intermediate caries delete damaged tissue , treat the cavity with appropriate preparations and install a filling.

The most difficult case is the case of deep caries. The doctor has to additionally remove pulp clean out root canals and seal.

Most often, the carious cavity is clearly visible, and the doctor has a convenient approach to it. However mechanical restoration the area located in the gingival area delivers mass problems, because the:

cavity of this defect inconveniently located for filling (in addition subgingival caries can further aggravate the problem);
working field not protected from moisture;
same way blood gets in, flowing from the edge of the injured gum.

How is it done? surgery? Let's list main stages of the process:

Anesthesia(anesthesia). Due to the close location of the defect to the gum, any dental manipulation can be very painful.
Cleansing affected tooth from deposits on its surface. The purpose of the procedure is to reduce the infectious load. At this stage, the dentist decides on the color of the filling.
Preparation for excision of darkened and diseased tissues.
Cavity Formation taking into account the material of the permanent filling.
Treatment cavity formed by adhesive. It promotes adhesion of the filling to the tooth surface.
Sealing. The material is introduced into the cavity layer by layer, exposing each layer to a photopolymerization lamp.
Filling correction. By grinding and polishing the filling, the tooth is given its natural shape.

Advanced stage

If treatment is not started in a timely manner, the carious process at the spot stage can quickly develop into a surface defect. Further, the disease, as a rule, progresses according to the following scenario:

enamel and dentin continue to actively deteriorate, affecting the pulp;
caries turns into complicated form;
develops pulpitis, periodontitis or other serious consequences.

Thus, if the development of pathology is not stopped in a timely manner, then the diseased tooth will most likely become lost. For example, with periodontitis it is removed immediately, but pulpitis involves nerve removal, and a “dead” tooth most often serves less.

The localization of the defect also creates conditions for caries to “spread” throughout the entire area around the neck, under the gum, etc. - the carious process eventually covers the diseased tooth round.

Modern filling materials

The formed carious cavity is localized very close to the edge of the gum, so moisture, gingival fluid or blood can get into the working area.

It is quite difficult to install a high-quality filling in such conditions. Only the high qualifications of the attending physician are not enough here; it is also important choose the right filling material.

Experienced dentists use for such cases glass ionomer cements. They are more resistant to moisture than light-cured composite materials. Although the latter are, of course, more aesthetically pleasing.

SIC VITREMER Features superior performance: triple curing, increased strength and wide range color range. In terms of aesthetics, such a filling is in no way inferior to a composite one.

Innovative technologies have made it possible to create particularly effective hybrid GICs, in which composite materials combine with glass ionomer cements.

It can be said that new material absorbed them best qualities. The hybrid filling is securely fixed and does not fall out much longer; it is durable and aesthetic.

Hybrid glass ionomer cement VITREMER with triple curing mechanism

Prices

The cost of treatment depends on various factors, including the price of the materials used, the status of the clinic and the qualifications of the doctor. The table below provides an example of calculating the amount of treatment:

Treatment of teeth with damaged canals will cost more - just x-rays, cleaning, and filling a 3-canal tooth costs an average of 2,000 rubles.

Treatment at home

Many people are concerned, is it possible to treat this caries at home? Yes, it's possible, but only in the spot stage. However, diagnosing yourself is very risky. It is better to first consult a dentist - he will assess the extent of the damage and give appropriate recommendations.

Typically home treatment involves applying gels and pastes containing fluoride and calcium. As a result of these procedures, the enamel is saturated with minerals, and the development of cariogenic bacteria is stopped. Among the drugs in this series it should be noted:

PresidentUnique;
Ftorodent;
Blend-a-med Anticaries and some others.

In addition to gels and pastes, you can use special drugs, for example, Fluorlak or Icon. And also rinse your mouth with an aqueous solution sodium fluoride, accept calcium in tablets.

It is also important to brush your teeth with a medicated paste containing high fluorides and calcium. It can be applied to the affected area or applied to the teeth.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional methods can also help with cervical caries. Here are some useful recipes:

Sage tincture. 1 tbsp. l. sage is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for 60 minutes. Used for rinsing or as a lotion on a tooth affected by caries.
Onion peel solution. 3 tsp. The husks are poured with half a liter of water and boiled. The broth is filtered through cheesecloth and allowed to brew. After 7–8 hours, you can rinse your mouth with the decoction, preferably after eating.
Fir oil lotion. A cotton swab dipped in oil is applied to the affected area for a few minutes, then to the side walls of the tooth.
Calamus tincture. Half a glass of crushed calamus rhizomes is poured with vodka (about 0.5 liters) and infused for at least one week. Rinse your mouth for several minutes before going to bed, then spit out the tincture.

You can also chew a small piece of calamus or angelica root well, hold it in your mouth for 20 minutes and spit it out.

The effect of using folk remedies is only superficial, and only at the initial stage of the disease. They help reduce pain only temporarily.

Be careful, this way you can disguise serious changes and not notice that the carious process has already moved from the stain stage to a more complex one. It is important to understand that qualified assistance Only a dentist can provide treatment, and the sooner the treatment is carried out, the more effective and painless it will be.

Prevention

Preventing the occurrence of caries is simple. Take good care of your hygiene oral cavity– Use exclusively for brushing teeth a good brush (not too hard and not too soft) and high-quality pastes.

Clean the interdental space with dental floss. Rinse your teeth vigorously between snacks. If possible, use irrigator for the oral cavity - it will provide complete care.

Make regular appointments with your dentist so that he can professionally remove dental plaque and, if necessary, whitening and remineralizing Events.

Do weekly home treatments that restore and regenerate tooth enamel: massage the gums, rinse with herbal decoctions, apply special compounds to the teeth (only on the recommendation of the dentist).

Eat right, use foods that contain calcium, rough as well as moderately solid foods, vegetables, fruits and, conversely, strictly limit the consumption of foods that contain easily fermentable carbohydrates ( confectionery, sweets, etc.).

This type of tooth decay is a consequence of an existing problem in the body, only after the elimination of which will the progression of caries stop. For example, these could be hormonal imbalances or gastrointestinal diseases.

After treatment

Even a completely stopped carious process against an unfavorable background can develop again.

Treatment result

Caring for it is not particularly different from regular care, but a healed tooth requires more careful treatment:

Conduct hygiene procedures more carefully and efficiently.
Rinse your mouth after every meal, as hard-to-reach spaces often form between the filled tooth and the adjacent tooth.
If this is not possible, it will help to remove food debris sugar-free chewing gum.
Regularly, at least once every six months, visit the dentist.

Patients who have undergone treatment for cervical caries note that such a problem does not occur just once. If a white spot has formed near the neck of one tooth, then in the future it will certainly appear on the enamel of neighboring crowns, if the cause of the disease itself is not detected and eliminated.

Alyona

June 14, 2016 at 04:49 pm

I have had problems with my teeth since a very young age. And every time I put off treatment until later. Now I discovered that I have caries. Moreover, after reading the article, I began to understand how serious this is and what the threat is. So far, as I understand it, I have initial stage cervical caries. And in order to avoid this, I decided to urgently seek help from specialists and begin treatment.

Marina

June 16, 2016 at 10:35 am

I have cervical caries of the upper two front teeth, which may have appeared during pregnancy. At first I didn’t pay attention, but when I saw dark spots, went to the dentist. They cleaned me up and gave me a filling. But after a while the filling wore off, and now we need to go to a specialist again. I delayed for a long time, but after reading this article, I decided to start dental treatment as quickly as possible.

Each tooth consists of three parts: the root, the outer crown and the neck. The neck of the tooth is the area adjacent to the gum. It is in this zone that what is called cervical develops. Without treatment, all tooth canals can be affected, which can lead to tooth loss.

The concept of cervical caries in children and adults

Cervical caries is the most dangerous form dental diseases. The pathological process develops on the neck of the tooth and the tissues located next to it. The thickness of the enamel in this place is insignificant, so the infection quickly penetrates inside, affects all canals and progresses to a deep stage.

Cervical caries can appear on any tooth, but is most often localized in the smile area. All or several teeth may be affected at once (blooming or generalized form). Sometimes cervical caries covers the area of the neck of the tooth bordering the gum. In this case it is called circular.

The pathology occurs more often in adults after 35 years of age, but can also develop in children. It does not even spare milk teeth, and it is they that are affected by circular caries.

For childhood Characteristically, several teeth are involved in the process at once. The problem can arise as early as 3-4 years, and sometimes even earlier.

It happens that baby tooth, not having time to fully grow, it begins to deteriorate due to cervical caries. The reason is that the enamel of children's teeth is weaker and therefore erodes faster.

As a result of advanced cervical caries, a child may be left without milk teeth long before the appearance of permanent ones, and this leads to sad consequences, such as:

swallowing poorly chewed food, which can lead to digestive problems;
incorrect pronunciation of sounds;
unattractive appearance, ridicule from peers;
formation of malocclusion.

Cervical caries is dangerous because it destroys the tooth at the very base. At the beginning of the disease, you can get rid of the problem without much difficulty and without the help of a drill.

Developing in a place hard to reach with a toothbrush, pathological process able to remain undetected for a long time.

In advanced cases, this form certainly turns into pain, the acute pain from which forces the patient to literally run to the doctor. But if at this stage it is possible to save a tooth, then, as a rule, only at the cost of removing the pulp - the nerve that feeds the tooth.

Causes of cervical caries

The mechanisms of appearance of cervical caries differ little from those in other types of caries process.

The main reason is the lack of proper hygiene care. The gingival area is difficult to access for high-quality cleaning, so it is there that bacterial plaque accumulates, which is a material for the formation of plaque. Such deposits favor the development of inflammation of the gum edge, and there is a close relationship between this process and cervical caries.
The occurrence of pathology can provoke dysfunction salivary glands, in which saliva is produced in insufficient quantities. But it is precisely this that serves to protect tooth enamel from bacteria that live in large numbers in the oral cavity. In conditions of lack of saliva pathogens reproduce beautifully, providing their harmful effects on the teeth.
The following may be important for the development of cervical caries:
- lack of vitamins and microelements in the diet;
- unfavorable environment;
- drinking “hard” drinking water with harmful impurities;
- severe stress;
- smoking;
- abuse of coffee and confectionery products.

In addition, there are specific reasons, leading to the occurrence of this particular type of caries:

The thickness of the enamel in the coronal part of the tooth is 0.5–0.6 mm, and in the cervical area does not exceed 0.1 mm, so it can be damaged by any external influence, is easily injured even when brushing your teeth with a hard brush or using abrasive pastes.
A genetically determined tendency to detach the gum from the neck of the tooth, leading to the formation of periodontal pockets. Food debris that accumulates in these cavities is a favorable breeding ground for bacteria that secrete enamel-damaging acid. As a result, a carious lesion forms under the gum unnoticed by a person.
Pathological receding gums (recession). Due to endocrine diseases or age characteristics The gum becomes flabby, and its edge gradually sinks. The exposed neck of the tooth with thin enamel becomes easy prey for microorganisms.

The risk group for generalized cervical caries is:

children and adults with gland pathologies internal secretion(diabetes mellitus, diseases thyroid gland);
people with weakened immunity as a result of a long-term general illness;
patients with heart disease;
children with rickets, Down's disease, vitamin deficiency;
pregnant women;
teenagers during hormonal changes body;
children who have suffered from many infectious diseases.

Clinical symptoms and stages of the disease

Dentists distinguish 4 stages of development of cervical caries, each of which has its own features:

Initial stage. At this stage, nothing bothers the patient yet. A small unnaturally white or darkish spot with a smooth surface appears at the border of the tooth and gum.
Superficial clinical and morphological stage. The stain darkens and becomes rough - this means that the process of destruction of the enamel has begun. The tooth begins to react to sweet, sour, salty, cold and hot foods with short-term attacks of aching pain.
Middle-stage cervical caries, having completely destroyed the enamel layer, switches to dentin. A crack or cavity appears in the area of the tooth neck adjacent to the gum. The pain from hot and cold increases more and more, the tooth becomes sensitive to any touch. At this stage, the carious process can no longer be ignored.
The deep stage of cervical caries very soon replaces the previous one. Severe pain occurs when eating, brushing teeth, from cold water, and even from talking in a cold wind. A dirty black spot (or stripe) becomes clearly visible in the cervical part of the tooth. Often the process spreads to the necks of neighboring teeth.
The carious cavity, having destroyed the layers of enamel and dentin, reaches the pulp. The next stage of the disease will be pulpitis.

Photo gallery: stages of cervical caries

Diagnostics

For appointment adequate treatment the dentist must put correct diagnosis. Experienced doctor will be able to detect cervical caries at its initial stage.

The following methods are used to diagnose the disease:

Examination of the oral cavity to detect accumulations of plaque, tartar, stains, and streaks in the gum area.
Fluorescent stomatoscopy to identify the boundaries of the pathological process. The method is based on the property of intact tooth tissue to glow blue in ultraviolet rays.
Vital coloring. A 2% solution of methylene blue or a 1% solution of potassium iodide is applied to the affected area. The foci of cervical caries change color.
Thermal test. Apply a cotton swab soaked in chlorethyl, ether or simply to the affected area. cold water. This determines the sensitivity of the tooth to temperature stimuli.
Radiography. It will help determine the depth of the carious process and its distance from the tooth pulp.

In addition to this, it is necessary differential diagnosis cervical caries with wedge-shaped tooth defect. Similar and distinctive signs of these diseases are presented in the table.

Comparative table of cervical caries and wedge-shaped dental defects

Sign	Cervical caries	Wedge-shaped defect
Defect location	In the area of the neck of the tooth on either side.	On the outside of the tooth.
Sensitivity to irritants	On late stages disease, the tooth reacts to any chemical and temperature stimuli.
Hearth shape	Could be anyone.	V-shaped.
Enamel color	At the beginning of the disease - unnaturally white, then yellow, brown or black.	Does not change.
Bottom and edges of the defect	Loose, rough, uneven edges.	Smooth, dense, polished, with smooth edges.

What to do and how to treat

When choosing a treatment method for cervical caries, the doctor proceeds from the stage of the pathological process. The sooner the patient contacts the dentist, the greater the chance that the development of the disease can be stopped without opening the tooth.

In the dental office

The most gentle method of treating the disease in a dental clinic is remineralization of tooth enamel. But its implementation makes sense only at the initial stage of the disease, when caries is a stain. The essence of the method is to apply fluoride-containing applications to the tooth. Therapy is carried out in sessions. As a result, the hard tissue of the tooth is completely restored.
Deep fluoridation is a type of remineralization. The enamel of well-dried teeth is treated with a fluoride-containing solution, after which a preparation with calcium hydroxide is applied to it.
At the initial stage of cervical caries it is also used conservative method Icon. A comfortable, painless procedure lasts only half an hour and consists of the following:
- the tooth is isolated using a special latex plate (cofferdam);
- treat it with sodium hypochloride gel;
- dead dentin is removed with special instruments;
- the surface is washed, disinfected, and dried with a stream of air;
- a liquid polymer is applied, which penetrates the rough enamel, leveling and compacting it;
- To consolidate the result, the tooth is illuminated with a special lamp.
When tooth decay has already begun, the treatment of cervical caries with filling does not differ from that for other carious processes:
- under local anesthesia dental plaque is removed;
- then the tooth defect is opened with a drill;
- Having cleared the working area of softened dentin, the doctor places a filling and grinds it;
- in a strong advanced cases After filling, it is possible to cover the tooth with an artificial crown.

Cervical caries of the upper anterior teeth and its treatment with filling - video

At home

Only the initial stage of the disease can be treated at home. To remineralize tooth enamel, dentists recommend special medicinal pastes and gels containing beneficial microelements:

The product is applied to the affected area after regular teeth brushing.

After 3–4 months of regular use of such gels, patients note a decrease in the sensitivity of tooth enamel, and the stain itself in the cervical area becomes almost invisible.

From medicinal products For home use have proven themselves well:

restorative cream for remineralization of tooth enamel Tooth Mousse;
remineralization cream with calcium and fluoride Mi Paste Plus;
Stomysens Vernicette Biorepair varnish with calcium and phosphorus;
BioRepair medicinal paste, which acts as liquid tooth enamel;
gel for enamel restoration “Liquid enamel”.

Toothpastes, creams, gels for remineralization of tooth enamel - gallery

Tooth Mousse is designed to strengthen and restore tooth tissues with their simultaneous fluoridation Mi Paste Plus will provide protection against caries BioRepair performs the function of liquid tooth enamel Stomysens Vernicette Biorepair helps treat early forms of caries (spot stage) and prevent its further occurrence

Folk remedies in the treatment of cervical caries

It’s worth warning right away that no folk remedies can stop the tooth decay that has begun. With their help, you can only slow down this process a little.

Some traditional medicine recipes can indeed temporarily reduce pain in a carious tooth, but a radical solution to the problem will still require the help of a dentist.

If your tooth hurts badly enough and a trip to dental clinic is not possible at the moment, then to make it easier discomfort You can try the following traditional methods:

Fir oil. Apply a cotton wool soaked in water to the aching tooth. fir oil. It is advisable to surround the tooth with such lotions on all sides.
Camphor alcohol. Place a swab soaked in medicine for 5-10 minutes near the disturbing tooth.
Garlic juice is a proven remedy for reducing pain in deep caries. Use a special machine to crush a clove of garlic, place the mixture on a gauze pad and apply it to the tooth. Keep it until the pain relieves.
Sage tincture. Being wonderful natural antiseptic, sage destroys bacteria that multiply in the carious cavity, thereby stopping the destructive process:
- brew 1 tbsp. l. dry leaves of the plant 250 ml of boiling water;
- wait until the tincture cools;
- rinse your mouth and apply swabs soaked in liquid to the carious tooth.
Decoction onion peel. This remedy is soothing toothache, and also cleanses the oral cavity of putrefactive microorganisms:
- wash 3 medium onions;
- remove the husks from them;
- fill it with 400 ml of hot water;
- bring the mixture to a boil;
- turn off the heat and let the broth brew for 5–6 hours;
- strain and rinse your mouth with it 4-5 times a day.
Propolis is one of the most effective remedies. To combat caries at home, apply a piece of it to the affected tooth. Cover the top with cotton and keep for 40 minutes.
Good for toothache relief vodka tincture calamus root Its disadvantage is that it takes a long time to prepare. To make the remedy:
- add 200 ml of vodka to 2-3 tbsp. l. crushed calamus roots;
  For greater effectiveness, you can add a spoonful of propolis to the calamus.

There are several types of caries, some of them develop quite intensively, leading to serious complications. One of the dangerous diseases is cervical caries. The peculiarities of the course of the disease, causes and methods of treatment are described in this article.

What is cervical caries

Cervical caries– this is the type of manifestation of caries, which is determined by the location of the focal zone. In this case, we are talking about the place where the tooth and gum come into contact.

The complexity of the situation lies in the fact that this particular area of dentin has the thinnest layer, which increases the risk of developing deep caries. In the absence of treatment, there is a rapid progression of the lesion to the root of the tooth, which is not always possible to save.

The peculiarity of cervical caries is that its development may be associated with various disorders patient's health. For example, a visit to the dentist for treatment of caries at the base of the tooth is often accompanied by an examination by an endocrinologist, during which problems with the functioning of the thyroid gland are identified or diabetes mellitus is diagnosed.

Symptoms

This is what cervical caries looks like.

Cervical caries differs from other types of caries solely in location. The disease can be recognized in children and adults by the following signs:

darkening of the enamel layer in the area where the tooth joins the gum;
the formation of a carious cavity, a recess going under the gum;
increased sensitivity with thermal effects, eating sweet and salty foods;
noticeable discomfort when performing chewing movements of the jaw;
the appearance of causeless headaches;
pain in the dentition, felt during sleep.

Stages and photos

The process of progression of cervical caries is conventionally divided in dentistry into 4 stages. Each has its own characteristic features, for the elimination of which certain treatment methods are selected.

Stages of development of cervical caries
Name	Description
Spot stage	There are no symptoms typical for caries; the problem can be identified by darkened enamel and dullness. There are two types of spots: pigmented, in both cases the surface remains smooth without signs of deformation.
Initial ( superficial caries)	A lesion appears in the area where the stain is located, which indicates the beginning of tooth enamel destruction. The patient's tooth begins to react to sweet, sour, salty and hot foods with short-term pain.
Average	The lesion reaches the deep layers of tooth tissue. Pain occurs when eating and brushing the mouth.
Deep	Launched form a disease in which the dental nerves are often damaged. The patient experiences severe acute pain. Against the backdrop of intensive development pathogenic microflora pulpitis and periodontitis develop. With absence medical care formation of fluxes, abscesses, and phlegmon is observed.

Diagnostics

Caries in the spot stage can be diagnosed by applying a special solution.

On early stage The disease is quite difficult to identify, because it is practically asymptomatic. Upon closer inspection, only small stains are found. These are rudiments that subsequently transform into a carious cavity.

At an appointment with a dentist, cervical caries is diagnosed using modern equipment and a special test solution that reveals the focal zone (when rinsing the mouth with the product, pigmentation of healthy tooth tissue occurs, white spots indicate the initial stage of caries).

Treatment in dentistry

Treatment methods are selected taking into account the stage of development of the disease, as well as the characteristics of the patient’s health condition and the presence of other dental problems.

In the white spot stage

At the first visit to the clinic, the doctor performs a thorough examination of the mouth, in particular the focal area, and outlines a treatment plan. If cervical caries is diagnosed at the spot stage, the patient is offered one of two treatment options:

Icon method;
remineralization.

In the first case it is used polymer material(etching gel) with which the focal area is treated. The composite composition fills small cracks, preventing caries from spreading further.

The second option involves a series of procedures, the essence of which is to enrich the enamel layer with fluorine, zinc, calcium and other microelements valuable for dental tissue. Used as working compounds the following drugs:

Remodent;
Enamel-sealing liquid;
Bifluoride-12;
Fluoride varnish;
Calcium gluconate solution, etc.

The remineralization procedure includes the following steps:

cleaning the enamel surface from stone and plaque;
application of fluorine-containing compounds to the enamel;
rinsing your mouth with a special solution.

Therapy is complemented home cleaning teeth with special pastes enriched with valuable minerals, using floss impregnated with fluoride, rinsing with solutions based on fluoridated salt.

In the stage of enamel destruction

In advanced cases, the disease requires more thorough treatment, namely treatment of the focal area and filling. If the carious cavity has reached the roots, they have to be removed.

Treatment in the stage of enamel destruction

Treatment steps include:

professional hygiene oral cavity (goal – removal of hard plaque, tartar, microbes);
selection of material according to enamel color;
separation of gum tissue from teeth, which ensures high-quality processing;
removal of necrotic tissue using a drill;
fixation of rubber dam (isolation of filling material from saliva);
treatment of the treated area with an adhesive composition to increase the strength of the filling in the cavity;
laying light-cured filling material;
grinding the hardened surface of the filling;
polishing teeth with fine abrasive discs.

The filling material is selected individually, taking into account the parameters of the lesion and the natural color of the enamel.

Sometimes, to achieve high aesthetic results, it is necessary to combine more than two types of solutions, which makes it possible to ideally cope with severe clinical cases.

The Icon method is painless. This innovative approach in the treatment of caries, which does not require drilling.

Icon method treatment

The essence of the procedure is to apply a special product made on a polymer basis to the damaged enamel tissue, as a result of which the development of the carious process is stopped. The color of the causative tooth is restored, the stains disappear. The material used in the work is also called liquid filling.

Features of the Icon method:

gentle method of treatment;
ensures the safety of living tissues;
does not require anesthesia;
Suitable for pregnant women.

Differences from the treatment of ordinary caries

Treatment of caries on the neck of a tooth type is carried out mainly according to the general principles of combating the disease. However, there are still a few differences.

The cervical type is known for being difficult to access, so the opening process requires more precision and effort.
At the initial stage of development when performing medical procedures no anesthesia is used.
It is possible to use a laser and special compounds that do not affect healthy tissue tooth

Treatment of cervical caries at home - myth or reality?

Carefully read the instructions for the product before use!

Childhood fears or simple cowardice sometimes prevent the patient from seeking medical help in a timely manner. Treatment of cervical caries is possible at home, but only at the spot stage.

To solve the problem you will need to purchase special means, which contain an increased concentration of fluorine, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and other components.

Regular dental treatment medicinal composition will help enrich the enamel tissue with valuable minerals and restore damaged areas. The products are available in a form convenient for use: paste, gel, rinse, dental floss impregnated with fluoride. Each product comes with instructions, the rules of which must be followed to achieve desired result.

Traditional methods

Along with traditional treatment application allowed traditional methods treatment of cervical caries. Healing herbs effectively relieve the inflammatory process, relieve pain, eliminate swelling. Tinctures, decoctions, creams and other remedies are prepared from them. old recipes, which were used by our ancestors. Recipes:

Propolis applications. You need to roll a small ball from the bee product and apply it to the causative tooth. It is better to put a piece of cotton wool on top of the propolis so that the product is not washed off by saliva. Keep for 20-30 minutes. The product fills microcracks, preventing the spread of caries.
A decoction for rinsing your mouth based on wormwood. Pour 5 g of dry wormwood branches into a glass container, add a teaspoon of dried valerian and the same amount of calendula. Pour 200 ml of boiling water and let it brew under the lid for 20-23 minutes. Use the cooled and strained liquid to apply or rinse your mouth 3-5 times a day. The product perfectly deals with pathogenic microflora, inhibits the development inflammatory process.
Sage tincture. The plant has extensive medicinal properties. Decoctions and infusions of sage quickly relieve pain, relieve inflammation, and eliminate harmful microorganisms. The infusion is prepared using a tablespoon of dried flowers and 200 ml of boiling water. It will take a day to infuse the liquid. After filtering, you can rinse 3-5 times a day.
Herbal decoction. Pour dry plants into the container in equal proportions: lemon balm, nettle, chamomile and calendula flowers. Pour boiling water (500 ml) over them and let it brew under the lid for about 10-12 hours. Rinse your mouth with the strained liquid 3-4 times a day. The product removes quickly aching pain, inhibits the development of inflammation, reduces swelling.

What to do if a tooth hurts after treatment of cervical caries?

If intensity pain syndrome after installation of the filling decreases, this is considered normal reaction body. With increasing pain inflammation may develop in the pulp or gum.

Complications can be caused by poor-quality cleaning of the carious cavity, nerve injury, installation of a filling contrary to technology, and other medical errors.

Preventive measures

Regular dental examinations at the dentist are a must for prevention!

Compliance with the following will help prevent the occurrence and development of cervical caries: simple rules prevention:

Daily hygiene oral cavity using high-quality paste and a brush suitable for tooth enamel.
Regular preventive examination at the dentist (once every six months).
Dental care includes gum massage, which promotes blood flow to dental tissues.
Diet is developed taking into account a sufficient number of products enriched with fluoride and calcium. This will help restore the mineral balance of the enamel and restore the damaged structure.
After eating any food It is recommended to rinse your mouth with balm or clean water to remove food particles. It is they, getting stuck in the cracks, that provoke the development of pathogenic microflora.
Once every 6 months It is necessary to carry out professional oral hygiene. This will help remove tartar and plaque in a timely manner.
Dentists recommend take periodically vitamin complex to restore the mineral balance of the enamel layer and strengthen the gums.

Cervical caries

The disease occurs quite often, causing a lot of trouble for the patient. A carious cavity forms at the very edge of the gum, on the neck of the tooth. In this place tooth enamel usually thinner than the rest of the surface, so this area is most susceptible to the penetration of pathogenic bacteria.

Gingival caries is the most unaesthetic, since a person cannot fully communicate, smile, being embarrassed by his affected teeth.

It also happens that if cervical caries is not treated in time, the carious cavity increases in size and spreads to the root. Thus, the infection completely affects the entire tooth.

Stages of development

Caries near the gums go through the same stages of development as other types. At an early stage, a carious spot forms, which over time turns into a carious cavity. If not diagnosed in time, it goes into a deep form and can cause various complications.

Treatment

If the disease is advanced and has reached the stage of deep caries, it may be necessary to remove the dental nerve. Typically, the entire treatment procedure is carried out under anesthesia, since this area of the tooth is very sensitive to touch and any manipulation.

Prevention

In order to prevent caries from developing near the gums, you must adhere to strict rules oral hygiene, carefully removing plaque. If your teeth have old fillings with rough edges, you should replace them with more modern ones or at least polish them so that there is no rough junction with the enamel surface, since plaque usually forms at the junctions, which is quite difficult to clean.

Remember to brush your teeth twice a day and visit the dentist twice a year - and you won't know what caries is for a long time!

Cervical caries: causes, treatment, photos. Detailed information about cervical caries

Cervical caries: causes

Cervical caries: diagnosis

Cervical caries: how to treat...

1. Treatment of cervical caries in the white spot stage -

2. Treatment of cervical caries with destruction of enamel -

Stages of treatment of cervical caries using a specific example -

Symptoms

Development mechanism

Stain stage or initial

Surface

Average

Deep

Circular

Causes

Diagnostics

Treatment

Treatment at the initial stage

Treatment at the superficial stage

Treatment in the final stages

Advanced stage

Modern filling materials

Prices

Treatment at home

Treatment with folk remedies

Prevention

After treatment

Alyona

Marina

The concept of cervical caries in children and adults

Causes of cervical caries

Clinical symptoms and stages of the disease

Photo gallery: stages of cervical caries

Diagnostics

Comparative table of cervical caries and wedge-shaped dental defects

What to do and how to treat

In the dental office

Cervical caries of the upper anterior teeth and its treatment with filling - video

At home

Toothpastes, creams, gels for remineralization of tooth enamel - gallery

Folk remedies in the treatment of cervical caries

What is cervical caries

Symptoms

Stages and photos

Diagnostics

Treatment in dentistry

In the white spot stage

In the stage of enamel destruction

Differences from the treatment of ordinary caries

Treatment of cervical caries at home - myth or reality?

Traditional methods

What to do if a tooth hurts after treatment of cervical caries?

Preventive measures

Popular questions

Cervical caries

Stages of development

Treatment

Prevention