Expensive antihistamines. Allergy pills. List of effective drugs of different generations. Full review

Medicines for the treatment of allergies are taken for a long time, so they must be absolutely safe and have a minimum number of side effects. Among all antiallergic drugs, these are 4th generation antihistamines. Medicines of this group exist relatively recently, but due to their effectiveness, they are widely introduced throughout the world.

Modern antihistamines

Allergy develops due to the activation of type 1 histamine receptors (H1). Modern drugs 4 generations block these receptors, eliminating the symptoms of the disease. It is important that the drugs act selectively, that is, they do not affect type 2 and 3 receptors, which is the reason for the absence of side effects.

With the approach of spring and summer, the number of patients who need antiallergic therapy is increasing. Note that taking antihistamines a few days before contact with the allergen prevents the development and facilitates the course of the disease in the future. Because no matter how good the drug is, it has a cumulative effect. That is, with regular use, the best result is noted.

Modern 4th generation antihistamines are a small group of substances. However, pharmacological companies are actively combining antihistamines with other aids, thereby receiving dozens of different drugs.

Desloratadine

Desloratadine is the active metabolite of loratadine. The drug is available in the form of coated tablets and syrup. Desloratadine is used in children from 1 year old in the form of syrup and from 12 years old - in tablet form. However, the syrup cannot be used for fructose intolerance.

Desloratadine begins to act 30 minutes after ingestion, and its effect persists for a day. This is very convenient, as the patient can take a pill in the morning and the allergy symptoms will go away for the whole day. However, desloratadine, unlike loratadine, is contraindicated in pregnancy.

The antihistamine desloratadine does not toxic effect and does not affect the CNS. After taking the tablets, the patient does not experience drowsiness, which is characteristic of other generations of antihistamines. Trade names for desloratadine:

• Lordestin;
• NeoClaritin;
• Allergostop;
• Erius.

Levocetirizine

Levocetirizine is a histamine antagonist. It attaches to H1 receptors, preventing their interaction with allergy mediators. As a result, vascular permeability decreases, mucosal edema disappears, skin rashes and other manifestations of an allergic reaction are eliminated.

Levocetirizine acts in half of the patients 10-15 minutes after administration, and in the rest - after 30-60 minutes. The effect lasts for 24 hours, that is, the drug is prescribed 1 time per day. Take medicines with levocetirizine chronic pathology can be no more than 18 months. The drug is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age, pregnant women and during lactation.

Pharmacological preparations with levocetirizine:

• Caeser;
• Glenset;
• Suprastinex.

Fexofenadine

Fexofenadine is a metabolite of terfenadine. The drug is devoid of cardiotoxic action, which leads to the absence of complications from of cardio-vascular system. It is used for chronic allergic pathologies. Contraindications for use are children's age (up to 6 years), pregnancy and lactation.

Fexofenadine, like all modern antihistamines, is prescribed once a day. You can take it for several months, that is, the entire period seasonal allergies. The drug does not cause drowsiness and does not affect the central nervous system.

In pharmacies, you can buy the following drugs with fexofenadine:

• Telfast;
• Feksadin;
• Fexofast.

Despite the fact that the list is not numerous, modern antihistamines are indispensable in the treatment of allergies. Perhaps in the future, based on these substances, new drugs will be invented that are more effective and allow you to permanently get rid of the body's hypersensitivity to a number of factors.

Medicines combined by the phrase " antihistamines”, are surprisingly common in home medicine cabinets. At the same time, the vast majority of people who use these drugs have no idea either about how they work, or about what the word “antihistamines” means in general, or about what all this can lead to.

The author with great pleasure would write in capital letters the slogan: “antihistamines should be prescribed only by a doctor and used in strict accordance with the doctor’s prescription,” after which he would put a bullet and close the topic of this article. But such a situation will be very similar to the numerous warnings of the Ministry of Health regarding smoking, so we will refrain from slogans and move on to filling gaps in medical knowledge.

So the occurrence

allergic reactions largely due to the fact that under the influence of certain substances ( allergens) V human body certain biologically active substances are produced, which, in turn, lead to the development allergic inflammation. There are dozens of these substances, but the most active of them is histamine. In a healthy person histamine is in an inactive state inside very specific cells (the so-called mast cells). Upon contact with an allergen, mast cells release histamine, which leads to allergy symptoms. These symptoms are very diverse: swelling, redness, rash, cough, runny nose, bronchospasm, lowering blood pressure, etc.

For quite a long time, doctors have been using drugs that can affect the metabolism of histamine. How to influence? Firstly, to reduce the amount of histamine released by mast cells and, secondly, to bind (neutralize) the histamine that has already begun to act actively. It is these drugs that are united in the group of antihistamines.

Thus, the main reason for using antihistamines

Prevention and/or elimination of allergy symptoms. Allergies to anyone and anything: respiratory allergies (they inhaled something wrong), food allergies (they ate something wrong), contact allergies (they were smeared with something wrong), pharmacological allergies (they were treated with what didn’t fit) .

Should be replaced immediately, that the preventive effect of any

A antihistamines is not always so pronounced that there is no allergy at all. Hence the quite logical conclusion that if you know a specific substance that causes an allergy in you or your child, then the logic is not to eat an orange bite with suprastin, but to avoid contact with the allergen, i.e. Do not eat orange. Well, if it is impossible to avoid contact, for example, you are allergic to poplar fluff, there are a lot of poplars, but they don’t give you a vacation, then it’s time to be treated.

The "classic" antihistamines include diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil, diazolin, fenkarol. All these drugs have been used for many years.

The experience (both positive and negative) is quite large.

Each of the above drugs has many synonyms, and there is not a single well-known pharmacological company that would not produce at least something antihistamine, under its proprietary name, of course. The most relevant knowledge at least, two synonyms, in relation to drugs often sold in our pharmacies. It's about about pipolfen, which is the twin brother of diprazine and clemastine, which is the same as tavegil.

All of the above drugs can be consumed by swallowing (tablets, capsules, syrups), diphenhydramine is also available in the form of suppositories. In case of severe allergic reactions, when necessary quick effect, use intramuscular and intravenous injections(diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil).

We emphasize once again: the purpose of using all of the above drugs is one

Prevention and elimination of allergy symptoms. But pharmacological properties antihistamines are not limited to antiallergic action. A number of drugs, especially diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil, have more or less pronounced sedative (hypnotic, sedative, inhibitory) effects. And wide populace this fact is actively used, considering, for example, diphenhydramine as a wonderful sleeping pill. From suprastin with tavegil, you also sleep well, but they are more expensive, so they are used less often.

The presence of antihistamines in the sedative effect requires special care, especially in cases where the person using them is engaged in work that requires a quick reaction, such as driving a car. Nevertheless, there is a way out of this situation, since diazolin and phencarol have very little sedative effects. It follows that for a taxi driver with an allergic rhinitis, suprastin is contraindicated, and fenkarol will be just right.

Another effect of antihistamines

The ability to enhance (potentiate) the action of other substances. General doctors use the potentiating action of antihistamines to enhance the effect of antipyretic and analgesic drugs: everyone knows the favorite mixture of emergency doctors - analgin + diphenhydramine. Any drugs that act on the central nervous system, in combination with antihistamines, become noticeably more active, an overdose can easily occur up to loss of consciousness, coordination disorders are possible (hence the risk of injury). As for the combination with alcohol, then predict possible consequences no one will take it, and maybe anything - from a deep, deep sleep to a very delirium tremens.

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil have a very undesirable side effect

- "drying" effect on the mucous membranes. Hence the often occurring dry mouth, which is generally tolerable. But the ability to make sputum in the lungs more viscous is already more relevant and very risky. At least the thoughtless use of the four antihistamines listed above for acute respiratory infections (bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis) significantly increases the risk of pneumonia (thick mucus loses its protective properties, blocks the bronchi, disrupts their ventilation - excellent conditions for the reproduction of bacteria, pathogens of pneumonia) .

Effects that are not directly related to the antiallergic action are very numerous and are expressed differently for each drug. The frequency of administration and doses are varied. Some drugs are safe during pregnancy, others are not. The doctor is supposed to know all this, and the potential patient is supposed to be careful. Dimedrol has an antiemetic effect, diprazine is used to prevent motion sickness, tavegil causes constipation, suprastin is dangerous for glaucoma, stomach ulcers and prostate adenoma, fencarol is not desirable for liver diseases. Suprastin can be used by pregnant women, fencarol is not allowed in the first three months, tavegil is not allowed at all ...

With all the pros and cons

antihistamines all of the above drugs have two advantages that contribute to them (drugs) widespread. Firstly, they really help with allergies and, secondly, their price is quite affordable.

The latter fact is especially important, since pharmacological thought does not stand still, but it is also expensive. New modern antihistamines largely devoid of the side effects of classical drugs. They do not cause drowsiness, they are used once a day, they do not dry out the mucous membranes, and the anti-allergic effect is very active. Typical representatives

Astemizole (gismanal) and claritin (loratadine). Here, knowledge of synonyms can play a very significant role - at least the difference in price between Nashensky (Kyiv) loratadine and non-Nashensky claritin will completely allow you to subscribe to the magazine "My Health" for six months.

In some antihistamines, the prophylactic effect significantly exceeds the therapeutic one, that is, they are used mainly for the prevention of allergies. Such agents include, for example, cromoglycate sodium (intal)

The most important drug for the prevention of asthma attacks. For the prevention of asthma and seasonal allergies, for example, to the flowering of certain plants, ketotifen (zaditen, astafen, bronitene) is often used.

Histamine, in addition to allergic manifestations, also enhances the secretion gastric juice. There are antihistamines that selectively act in this direction and are actively used to treat gastritis with hyperacidity, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum

Cimetidine (Gistak), ranitidine, famotidine. I report this for completeness, since antihistamines are considered only as a means to treat allergies, and the fact that they can also successfully treat stomach ulcers will certainly be a discovery for many of our readers.

However, antiulcer antihistamines are almost never used by patients on their own, without a doctor's recommendation. But in the fight against allergies, mass experiments of the population on their bodies

Rather the rule than the exception.

Given this sad fact, I will allow myself some advice and valuable guidance for lovers of self-treatment.

1. Mechanism of action

antihistamines similar, but there are still differences. It often happens that one medicine does not help at all, and the use of another quickly gives positive effect. In short, a very specific drug is often suitable for a particular individual, and why this happens is not always clear. At least, if there is no effect after 1-2 days of taking the drug, the drug should be changed, or (on the advice of a doctor) treated with other methods or drugs of other pharmacological groups.

2. Multiplicity of ingestion:

Fenkarol

3-4 times a day;

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, diazolin, suprastin

2-3 times a day;

2 times a day;

Astemizole, claritin

1 per day.

3. Average single dose for adults

1 tablet. I do not give children's doses. Adults can experiment on themselves as much as they like, but I will not contribute to experiments on children. Only a doctor should prescribe antihistamines for children. He will give you a dose.

4. Reception and food.

Phencarol, diazolin, diprazine

After meal.

Suprastin

While eating.

Astemizol

On an empty stomach in the morning.

Dimedrol, Claritin and Tavegil intake is fundamentally not connected with food.

5. Terms of admission. Basically, any

an antihistamine (of course, except for those used prophylactically) does not make sense to take more than 7 days. Some pharmacological sources indicate that you can swallow for 20 days in a row, others report that, starting from the 7th day of administration, antihistamines can themselves become a source of allergies. Apparently, the following is optimal: if after 5-6 days of taking the need for anti-allergic drugs has not disappeared, the medicine should be changed,

We drank diphenhydramine for 5 days, switched to suprastin, etc. - fortunately, there are plenty to choose from.

6. It makes no sense to use

antihistamines "just in case" along with antibiotics. If your doctor prescribes an antibiotic and you are allergic to it, stop taking it immediately. An antihistamine medicine will slow down or weaken the manifestations of allergies: we will notice later that we will have time to get more antibiotics, then we will be treated longer.

7. Reactions to vaccinations, as a rule, have nothing to do with allergies. So there is no need to prophylactically put tavegils-suprastins into children.

8. And the last. Please keep antihistamines away from children.

A small number of people were lucky enough to never experience allergic reactions in their lives. Most people have to deal with them from time to time. Effective antihistamines will help to cope with allergies for both an adult and a child. Such funds help to eliminate negative reactions on the body to certain stimuli. There is a wide range of anti-allergic drugs on the market. It is desirable for every person to be able to understand them.

What are antihistamines

These are drugs whose work is aimed at suppressing the action of free histamine. This substance is released from cells connective tissue, which enter the immune system when an allergen enters the human body. When histamine interacts with certain receptors, swelling, itching, and rashes begin. All of these are symptoms of an allergy. Drugs with an antihistamine effect block the aforementioned receptors, alleviating the patient's condition.

Indications for use

You must be prescribed antihistamines by a doctor, putting accurate diagnosis. As a rule, their administration is advisable in the presence of such symptoms and diseases:

• early atopic syndrome in a child;
• seasonal or year-round rhinitis;
• backlash plant pollen, animal hair, household dust, some medical preparations;
• severe bronchitis;
• angioedema;
• anaphylactic shock;
• food allergies;
• enteropathy;
• bronchial asthma;
• atopic dermatitis;
• conjunctivitis caused by exposure to allergens;
• chronic, acute and other forms of urticaria;
• allergic dermatitis.

Antihistamines - list

There are several generations of antiallergic drugs. Their classification:

1. New generation drugs. The most modern medicines. They act very quickly, and the effect of their use lasts for a long time. Block H1 receptors, suppressing allergy symptoms. Antihistamines in this group do not worsen the functioning of the heart, therefore they are considered one of the safest.
2. 3rd generation drugs. Active metabolites with very few contraindications. Provide fast sustainable result are gentle on the heart.
3. 2nd generation drugs. Not sedative drugs. They have a small list side effects, give heavy load on the heart. Do not affect mental or physical activity. Antiallergic drugs of the second generation are often prescribed for the appearance of a rash, itching.
4. 1st generation drugs. Sedative drugs that last up to several hours. Well eliminate the symptoms of allergies, but have many side effects, contraindications. From their use always tends to sleep. At the present time, such drugs are prescribed very rarely.

New generation antiallergic drugs

It is not possible to list all the drugs in this group. Let's take a look at some of the best ones. This list opens with the following drug:

• name: Fexofenadine (analogues - Allegra (Telfast), Fexofast, Tigofast, Altiva, Fexofen-Sanovel, Kestin, Norastemizol);
• action: blocks H1-histamine receptors, relieves all allergy symptoms;
• pluses: acts quickly and for a long time, is available in tablets and suspensions, is well tolerated by patients, does not have too many side effects, is dispensed without a prescription;
• cons: not suitable for children under six years of age, pregnant women, nursing mothers, incompatible with antibiotics.

Another drug that deserves attention:

• name: Levocetirizine (analogues - Aleron, Zilola, Alerzin, Glenset, Aleron Neo, Rupafin);
• action: antihistamine, blocks H1 receptors, reduces vascular permeability, has antipruritic and antiexudative effects;
• pluses: there are tablets, drops, syrup on sale, the drug acts in just a quarter of an hour, there are not many contraindications, there is compatibility with many drugs;
• cons: a wide range of strong side effects.

• name: Desloratadine (analogues - Lordes, Allergostop, Alersis, Fribris, Edem, Eridez, Alergomax, Erius);
• action: antihistamine, antipruritic, decongestant, relieves rash, runny nose, nasal congestion, reduces bronchial hyperactivity;
• pluses: a new generation allergy medicine is well absorbed and works quickly, relieves allergy symptoms for a day, does not negative effect on the central nervous system and the speed of reactions, does not harm the heart, allowed joint reception with other drugs;
• cons: not suitable for pregnancy and lactation, prohibited for children under 12 years of age.

Antihistamine 3 generations

Next drug popular and has many good reviews:

• name: Desal (analogues - Ezlor, Nalorius, Elyseus);
• action: antihistamine, relieves swelling and spasms, relieves itching, rash, allergic rhinitis;
• pluses: it is available in tablets and solution, does not give a sedative effect and does not affect the rate of reactions, it works quickly and acts for about a day, it is quickly absorbed;
• cons: bad effect on the heart, many side effects.

Experts respond well to this drug:

• name: Suprastinex;
• action: antihistamine, prevents the appearance of allergic manifestations and facilitates their course, helps with itching, peeling, sneezing, swelling, rhinitis, lacrimation;
• pluses: it is available in drops and tablets, there is no sedative, anticholinergic and antiserotonergic effect, the drug acts in an hour and continues to work for a day;
• cons: there are a number of strict contraindications.

The group of third-generation drugs also includes the following:

• name: Ksizal;
• action: pronounced antihistamine, not only relieves allergy symptoms, but also prevents their occurrence, reduces the permeability of vascular walls, fights sneezing, lacrimation, edema, urticaria, inflammation of the mucous membranes;
• pluses: sold in tablets and drops, does not have a sedative effect, is well absorbed;
• cons: has a wide list of side effects.

2nd generation antiallergenic drugs

A well-known series of drugs, represented by tablets, drops, syrups:

• name: Zodak;
• action: prolonged anti-allergic, helps against itching, skin peeling, relieves swelling;
• pluses: subject to dosages and rules of administration, it does not cause drowsiness, quickly begins to act, is not addictive;
• cons: prohibited for pregnant women and children.

The next second generation drug:

• name: Cetrin;
• action: antihistamine, well helps with edema, hyperemia, itching, peeling, rhinitis, urticaria, reduces capillary permeability, relieves spasms;
• pluses: there are drops and syrup on sale, low cost, lack of anticholinergic and antiserotonin effects, if the dosage is observed, it does not affect concentration, is not addictive, side effects are extremely rare;
• cons: there are a number of strict contraindications, an overdose is very dangerous.

Another very good drug this category:

• name: Lomilan;
• action: systemic blocker of H1 receptors, relieves all allergy symptoms: itching, peeling, swelling;
• pluses: does not affect the heart and central nervous system, is completely excreted from the body, helps to overcome allergies well and quickly, suitable for continuous use;
• cons: many contraindications and side effects.

Means of the 1st generation

Antihistamines of this group appeared a very long time ago and are now used less often than others, however, they deserve attention. Here is one of the most famous:

• name: Diazolin;
• action: antihistamine, blocker of H1 receptors;
• pluses: gives an anesthetic effect, acts for a long time, helps well with dermatoses with skin itching, rhinitis, cough, food and drug allergies, insect bites, is cheap;
• cons: there is a moderately pronounced sedative effect, many side effects, contraindications.

This one also belongs to the drugs of the 1st generation:

• name: Suprastin;
• action: anti-allergic;
• pluses: available in tablets and ampoules;
• cons: a pronounced sedative effect, the effect does not last long, there are a lot of contraindications, side effects.

The last member of this group:

• name: Fenistil;
• action: histamine blocker, antipruritic;
• pluses: available in the form of a gel, emulsion, drops, tablets, relieves skin irritation well, relieves pain a little, inexpensive;
• cons: the effect after application passes quickly.

Allergy pills for children

Most antihistamines have strict age contraindications. The question would be quite reasonable: how to treat very small allergies, who suffer at least as often as adults? As a rule, children are prescribed drugs in the form of drops, suspensions, and not tablets. Means approved for the treatment of infants and persons under 12 years of age:

• Diphenhydramine;
• Fenistil (drops are suitable for babies older than a month);
• Peritol;
• Diazolin;
• Suprastin (suitable for babies);
• Clarotadine;
• Tavegil;
• Tsetrin (suitable for newborns);
• Zyrtec;
• Claricens;
• Cinnarizine;
• Loratadine;
• Zodak;
• Claritin;
• Erius (allowed from birth);
• Lomilan;
• Fenkarol.

Mechanism of action of antihistamines

Under the action of an allergen, an excess of histamine is produced in the body. When it is associated with certain receptors, negative reactions are caused (edema, rash, itching, runny nose, conjunctivitis, etc.). Antihistamines reduce the release of this substance into the blood. In addition, they block the action of H1-histamine receptors, thereby preventing them from binding and reacting with histamine itself.

Side effects

Each drug has its own list. The specific list of side effects also depends on which generation the remedy belongs to. Here are a few of the most common:

• headache;
• drowsiness;
• confusion;
• decline muscle tone;
• fast fatiguability;
• constipation;
• concentration disorders;
• blurred vision;
• abdominal pain;
• dizziness;
• dry mouth.

Contraindications

Each antihistamine drug has its own list, specified in the instructions. Almost every one of them is forbidden to be taken by pregnant girls and nursing mothers. In addition, the list of contraindications for therapy may include:

• individual intolerance to the components;
• glaucoma;
• stomach or duodenal ulcer;
• prostate adenoma;
• obstruction Bladder;
• childhood or old age;
• diseases of the lower respiratory tract.

Best Allergy Remedies

TOP 5 most effective drugs:

1. Erius. A fast-acting medicine that well eliminates a runny nose, itching, rashes. It costs expensive.
2. Eden. Drug with desloratadine. Does not give a hypnotic effect. It copes well with lacrimation, itching, swelling.
3. Zyrtec. A drug based on cetirizine. Fast acting and efficient.
4. Zodak. An excellent allergy medicine that instantly eliminates symptoms.
5. Tsetrin. A drug that rarely gives side effects. Quickly eliminates allergy symptoms.

The price of antihistamines

All medicines are available for purchase, and you can easily choose the most suitable one. Sometimes they give good discounts on funds. You can buy them in pharmacies in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities, order their delivery by mail in online pharmacies. For an approximate price range for antihistamines, see the table:

Name of the drug, form of release, volume	Approximate cost in rubles
Suprastin, tablets, 20 pcs.

Everyone experiences an allergic reaction from time to time, and some people suffer from allergies almost all the time, so new generation antihistamines are relevant for most people. Statistics show that the number of allergy sufferers is steadily increasing every year. The reason for this ecological situation and weakening of the immune system.

Antihistamines - what is it in simple words

Antihistamines help fight allergies. They are drugs that weaken the effect of histamine in the human body. Histamine - special substance, reproduced by the cells of the body's immune system and designed to fight bacteria and viruses. But since allergy is a “mistake” of the immune system, histamine does not benefit, but acts on receptors, causing swelling of the mucous membranes, redness and itching of the skin, etc. Antihistamines act on H1-histamine receptors and block them. Thus, histamine cannot affect the receptors, as a result of which the manifestations of allergies decrease: itching, tearing, swelling of the mucous membranes, etc. decrease.

There are several generations of antihistamines, each of which has its own differences. The first generation was created in the 30s of the last century and became a real breakthrough in the fight against allergies. Some time later, second and third generation drugs were created.

Generations of antihistamines will differ significantly from each other: they have various properties and side effects. This applies to drugs of three generations. Antihistamines of the 4th generation are very conditional, most often this is an advertising move by manufacturers who want to emphasize the innovativeness of their products. Which ones are better? Let's take a look at the features of each category to choose the best antihistamines.

1st generation antihistamines

This is the most common group of anti-allergy drugs that have a pronounced sedative effect: cause drowsiness, soothe. They are quite powerful and do not last long, usually 4-5 hours, they are found in any pharmacy, their price is quite low, and their quality and effectiveness are time-tested. The use of first-generation antihistamines lasts no more than 7-10 days, after this period addiction begins, and the effectiveness of the drugs decreases markedly. These funds are prescribed after some vaccines, in the treatment skin diseases, as well as with an acute allergic reaction to a temporary external irritant.

Side effects of this group include:

• pressure reduction;
• increased appetite;
• cardiopalmus;
• discomfort in the stomach, vomiting and nausea;
• thirst, drying of mucous membranes;
• weakening of attention and muscle tone.

• Suprastin. Available in ampoules and tablets, active substance- chloropyramine. Used to treat angioedema, eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, mucosal edema. Also used to eliminate skin itching, incl. after an insect bite. Suprastin can be given to children from one month old, but it is important to calculate the dosage. This remedy can be used at high temperature, which is difficult to bring down, and also as a sedative for colds and viral diseases.

Suprastin should not be used during pregnancy and lactation.

• Diazolin. This is a fairly mild remedy that does not cause drowsiness and is suitable for long-term use. Diazolin can be used during pregnancy, except for the first trimester, and it is also suitable for children from two years of age. This remedy is produced in the form of tablets, ampoules, suspensions with various dosages.
• Fenistil. Very effective universal remedy, which is used for all types of allergies. Causes drowsiness only in the first few days of treatment, then the sedative effect disappears. Can be used externally (gel) for insect bites. Suitable for children from 1 month old (externally), it can be taken by pregnant women from the second trimester, if their condition due to allergies is of serious concern. Available in the form of capsules, suspensions, tablets, gel.
• Fenkarol. An effective remedy often used in the fight against seasonal allergies, as well as in blood transfusions. It is prescribed for children from 1 year old and pregnant women from the 2nd trimester (under medical supervision).
• Tavegil. One of the most powerful drugs with a long period of action (12 hours). Causes drowsiness. Available in tablets and in the form of syrup, allowed for children from 1 year old. Pregnant women should not take this remedy.

2nd generation antihistamines

These are advanced antihistamines that are devoid of sedation and have a prolonged action. You need to take them 1 time per day, the reception can be long, since these drugs do not cause addiction. Their prices are usually low. They are quite effective in the treatment of skin diseases, elimination of Quincke's edema, are used to alleviate the condition with chicken pox. These drugs are not recommended for the elderly and those with diseased heart. Below is a list of the most effective second generation tools.

• Loratadine. An effective remedy, available in the form of syrup and tablets. Helps fight allergies and its consequences - anxiety, sleep disturbance, weight gain. The medicine can be given to children from three years old, the drug can be taken by pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. In critical situations, the doctor may prescribe Loratadine up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
• Rupafin. Enough strong drug, which is used in the treatment of skin allergic reactions. The product is safe, acts quickly, the effect lasts for a day. During pregnancy, it can not be used, children under 12 years of age are also prohibited. During lactation, Rupafin can be taken only as directed by a doctor.
• Kestin. The most powerful drug in this group, the effect of which lasts for two days. Used in most difficult cases, quickly removes Quincke's edema, relieves suffocation, reduces skin rashes. At the same time, Kestin is toxic to the liver, so it cannot be taken systematically. It is contraindicated for pregnant women and children under 1 year of age.

Also effective means of the second generation include Claritin, Zodak, Cetrin, Parlazin, Lomiran, Cetrizine, Terfanadin, Semprex.

Important! Long-term use (more than a month) of these drugs is dangerous without the permission of a doctor, especially powerful drugs. Therefore, do not forget to consult a specialist.

3rd generation antihistamines

Third-generation antihistamines are considered the latest, but, in fact, they are an improved version of second-generation drugs. They have the same long-term effect, are devoid of sedation, but are completely harmless to the heart and not toxic to the liver. Due to these properties, they can be taken long time(for example, with seasonal allergies, psoriasis, bronchial asthma). These are the safest antihistamines for pregnant women, but you should still consult your doctor before taking them.

Important: Antihistamines during pregnancy can be dangerous in the first trimester, so you should consult a gynecologist. If there is a threat of miscarriage, then such funds should be avoided if possible. Antihistamines for breastfeeding It is also necessary to coordinate with the pediatrician. If powerful drugs are prescribed, it makes sense to stop breastfeeding for a while.

3rd generation antihistamines are considered the most powerful and fastest acting. The list of names of the best of them is given below.

• Telfast (Allegra). The newest drug, which not only reduces the response of receptors to histamine, but also suppresses the production of this substance. As a result, allergy symptoms disappear very quickly. It works throughout the day and does not cause addiction when taken for a long time. Children under 12 and expectant mothers cannot use Telfast, it is also contraindicated during lactation.
• Cetrizine. This tool is often ranked as the fourth generation, in this case the division into categories is very conditional. It's a drug latest generation, which begins to act almost instantly (20 minutes after ingestion), and you can take pills every three days. In the form of syrup, Cetrizine can be given to children from six months, and it is contraindicated for pregnant women. If the medicine was prescribed by a doctor during lactation, then feeding should be stopped for the period of treatment for allergies. This drug can be taken for a long time.
• Desloratadine. Strong antihistamine and anti-inflammatory agent. IN therapeutic doses well tolerated, but if the dosage is exceeded, it can lead to headache, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, insomnia. It cannot be taken during pregnancy, but in critical cases (suffocation from bronchospasm, Quincke's edema), they can be treated under the supervision of a doctor.
• Ksizal. Xyzal and its analogues are effective antihistamines for skin allergies and itching, seasonal allergic manifestations, urticaria and chronic year-round allergies. They have a prolonged action and relieve allergy symptoms 40 minutes after ingestion. Xyzal is available in the form of drops and tablets and is safe for children over 2 years of age.

Also to good means third generation can be Desal, Lordestin, Erius, Suprastinex.

4th generation antihistamines

Such drugs are a new word in the fight against allergies, since they are practically devoid of side effects, despite their high efficiency. They are not harmful to the heart, like most of the earlier antihistamine drugs, do not cause drowsiness and addiction, and are easy to use (once every 1-3 days). The only contraindication is pregnancy and the early age of the child. As for the disadvantages of fourth-generation antihistamines, this is the high price of the drug.

The most popular and effective means of this generation:

• Fexofenadine. An effective remedy in the fight against all types of allergies, as safe as possible and with virtually no side effects. Available in tablets and as a syrup, it can be given to children from 6 years of age.
• Levocetrizine. A strong remedy that is used to treat year-round and seasonal allergies, reduces the manifestations of conjunctivitis. Non-toxic to the liver and heart, so it can be taken for months.

How to choose the best allergy remedy

The best antihistamines are not always the most expensive and modern, it is important to understand how relevant a particular drug is in a particular situation. For example, during an illness accompanied by insomnia or restless sleep, first-generation drugs will be preferred. They will eliminate the symptoms of allergies, and their sedative effect will be very helpful. If an allergy has overtaken a person who does not want to get out of the usual rhythm of life, then he should pay attention to the latest metabolite drugs. In any case before long-term use means it is necessary to consult a doctor, especially if it is necessary to treat a child or a pregnant woman.

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Rating of the best allergy remedies

Exclusive of its kind - Cetrin
best allergy medication

In the first place in terms of effectiveness is the third-generation antihistamine drug - Cetrin.

The average estimated cost of the drug is from 160 to 200 rubles.

The main advantages of Cetrin are high degree its effectiveness, as well as fast action after taking the drug. It is also preferable because it does not cause drowsiness and "refrains" from negative effects on the liver.

Cetrin should be taken to eliminate the symptoms of seasonal allergies, hay fever or atopic dermatitis.

This drug is the best choice for both adults and children. It has a pleasant taste, has practically no contraindications and restrictions on use. Unlike other drugs, it is enough to use it once a day, which greatly facilitates the process of application.

In the ranking of the most effective antiallergic drugs, Cetrin takes first place. On a ten-point scale, he can safely give 9.5 points. 0.5 points is removed for the only drawback - the price. Allergy medicines can be purchased for a more reasonable price, but this is exactly the case when it is appropriate to recall the words of a wise Jew: "I am not rich enough to buy cheap things."

Claritin is a true, reliable, safe allergy medicine

Claritin (Loratadine) is next on the list of the most effective allergy medications.

The average cost of this drug is from 160 to 220 rubles.

Prior to the advent of third-generation antihistamines, Claritin was the most common. He is one of the first antiallergic drugs that did not affect the state of the patient's attention, which made it possible for use by doctors and drivers.

It is applied when various manifestations allergic process, from skin forms(itching and redness) and ending with laryngospasm (suffocation).

Claritin is good for its speed of action, the possibility of using it in children after a year, as well as in people who need focused attention during work.

The rating of this drug is 9.2 out of 10, since the drug has some disadvantages, such as restriction of intake in people with impaired renal function, in women while breastfeeding, and in children under one year old. Stops, to some extent, and the price - for the same money you can buy the safest and most effective Tsetrin.

Fenistil - old, but still effective ...

The average price for it currently ranges from 220 to 280 rubles.

Fenistil is a second-generation antiallergic drug. It has a lesser effect compared to Claritin, however, it is much more effective than first-generation drugs.

The drug is used in the development of an allergic reaction from food products, drugs, with skin rashes and flow from the nose during the flowering period.

Fenistil has a good, pronounced anti-allergic effect, does not allow an allergic reaction to develop even with a high concentration of allergen and histamine.

In terms of frequency of use, it is in third place among all drugs in the rating. His score is 8.2 out of 10. The drug has such disadvantages as a sedative, sedative effect, increased effect of alcohol when joint application, distortion of the action of some other drugs. Contraindicated in breastfeeding, pregnancy, and in children under 2 years of age.

Dangerous, but extremely effective - Histalong

Gistalong (Astemizol) is an antihistamine drug with the longest clinical action.

The price of this drug is from 300 to 460 rubles, which makes it one of the most expensive drugs.

Gistalong belongs to the drugs of the second generation. Has the longest healing effect(some people can reach up to 20 days)

This drug is used in the treatment of chronic allergic processes.

The duration of Histalong action allows you to use it with a frequency of about once a month. Its use allows you to exclude the use of other antiallergic drugs.

Despite its duration of action and anti-allergic activity, the drug takes only fourth place in the ranking. His score on a ten-point scale is 8 out of 10. This result is due to the side effects of this drug - when it is taken, a violation of the normal heart rate, which can be fatal in people with heart disease. Contraindicated for use in acute phase development of allergies, as well as in pregnant women and children.

Time-tested drug - Tavegil
good reliable first generation allergy remedy

Tavegil (Clemastin) is one of the most common and used first generation drugs.

You can buy tavegil, on average, for 100 rubles.

The drug is used both in tablet and injectable forms. It has a fairly strong anti-allergic effect. It is often used as an additional drug for anaphylactic shock and pseudo-allergic reactions.

Low incidence of side effects and high efficiency allowed to add Tavegil to the rating of the most used means. In addition, the drug begins to act rather quickly, and the effect of its use persists for a long time, which makes it the drug of choice in the treatment of allergic processes.

The average rating of this drug on a ten-point scale is 8, 3 out of 10. Tavegil receives a similar rating for such shortcomings as possible development an allergic reaction to tavegil itself, a slight sedative effect, which makes it impossible for drivers and doctors to use it. Also, the drug is contraindicated for use in pregnant women, nursing mothers and in children under 1 year of age.

Will help quickly and in any situation - Suprastin

Suprastin (Chloropyramine) is a drug often used in most branches of medicine. You can buy it for 120-140 rubles.

One of the most effective first-generation histamine blockers

It is used for almost all types and manifestations of an allergic reaction; used in providing emergency care with allergies (included in the number of mandatory drugs).

Suprastin does not accumulate in the blood serum, which prevents the possibility of an overdose of the drug. The effect develops rather quickly, but in order to prolong it, it is necessary to combine Suprastin with other drugs. The low cost of the drug is also its undoubted advantage, since choosing a high-quality and inexpensive remedy in today's drug market is extremely difficult.

In the ranking of the best antiallergic drugs, Suprastin receives 9 points out of 10. It is forbidden to use it during pregnancy, lactation, in children under 1 month old, in persons with individual intolerance to chloropyramine, and also when acute attack bronchial asthma.

Standing on guard from time immemorial ... - Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine) is a first-generation antihistamine drug, the founder of this group of drugs.

It is one of the cheapest antiallergic drugs. Its cost ranges from 15 to 70 rubles.

One of the anti-allergic drugs that were invented first. It has a fairly strong antihistamine effect.

Diphenhydramine is used to eliminate the manifestations of most allergic processes. It is produced mainly in the form of topical agents (in the form of an ointment), but can also be used for systemic treatment. It is part of the so-called triad due to its anti-inflammatory action.

Diphenhydramine has a pronounced anti-allergic effect: the effect develops quickly, but ends just as soon. Due to the low cost, everyone can buy it.

In the rating of drugs, diphenhydramine receives a score of 8 out of 10. Despite its effectiveness in treating allergies, diphenhydramine has a number of side effects, among which the most pronounced drowsiness after using the drug, slight clouding of consciousness with a sedative effect, anemia, heart rhythm disturbance.

Results ... What is the best allergy medicine?

Having understood in detail the principles of action, effectiveness and degree of safety of each of the above drugs, we should once again mention the crowned Cetrin. Due to its safety and effectiveness, it ranks first in our rating, and it can be recommended for a home first aid kit.

This drug deserves a huge plus for the lack of action on the attention and concentration of a person. It can be taken without worrying about side effects and your psycho-emotional state.

Of course, before taking it is best to consult an allergist and study the instructions.

Be healthy and don't sneeze...

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Brief description of antihistamines:
* 1st generation antihistamines
* 2nd generation antihistamines
* 3rd generation antihistamines
* Classification of antihistamines.
Characteristics of modern 3rd generation antihistamines:
* use in children and women during pregnancy and lactation
* action of the drug
* adverse events
* the use of specific patient populations
Criteria for choosing antihistamines:
* The need to choose a drug that has an additional anti-allergic effect
* Indicated for use by women during pregnancy and lactation, and children
* Patient has specific problems

In recent years, the number of patients with atopic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis has increased. These conditions are generally not life-threatening, but require active therapeutic intervention that must be effective, safe, and well tolerated by patients.

The expediency of using antihistamines in various allergic diseases (urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, allergic gastropathy) is due to a wide range of histamine effects. The first drugs that competitively block histamine receptors were introduced in clinical practice in 1947. Antihistamines inhibit the symptoms associated with endogenous histamine release, but do not affect the sensitizing effect of allergens. In the case of late appointment of antihistamines, when the allergic reaction is already significantly pronounced and the clinical efficacy of these drugs is low.

Efficiency antihistamines medicines first generation in the treatment of allergic diseases has been established for a long time. While all of these agents provide rapid relief (usually within 15-30 minutes) of allergy symptoms, most are highly sedative and may cause adverse reactions at recommended doses and interact with others. medicines. Antihistamines of the 1st generation are mainly used to stop such acute allergic reactions:

• acute allergic urticaria;
• anaphylactic or anaphylactoid shock, allergic edema Quincke (parenterally, as an additional remedy);
• treatment of allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions caused by drugs;
• seasonal allergic rhinitis (episodic symptoms);
• sharp allergic reactions for food;
• serum sickness.

Some 1st generation drugs may also be effective in the following situations:

1. With ARVI (drugs with anticholinergic action have a "drying" effect on the mucous membranes):
   • Pheniramine ( Avil);
     Fervex).
   • Promethazine ( Pipolphen, Diprazine);
     + paracetamol + dextromethorphan ( Coldrex Nite).
   • Chloropyramine ( Suprastin).
   • Chlorphenamine;
     + paracetamol + ascorbic acid (Antigrippin);
     + paracetamol + pseudoephedrine ( Theraflu, Antiflu);
     + biclotymol + phenylephrine ( Hexapneumine);
     + phenylpropanolamine ( CONTAC 400);
     + phenylpropanolamine + acetylsalicylic acid (HL-cold).
   • Diphenhydramine ( Dimedrol).
2. For cough suppression:
   diphenhydramine( Dimedrol)
   Promethazine ( Pipolphen, Diprazine)
3. To correct sleep disorders(improve falling asleep, depth and quality of sleep, but the effect lasts no more than 7-8 days):
   diphenhydramine( Dimedrol);
   + paracetamol ( Efferalgan Night Care).
4. To stimulate appetite:
   Cyproheptadine ( Peritol);
   Astemizol ( Hismanal).
5. For the prevention of nausea and dizziness caused by labyrinthitis or Meniere's disease, as well as to reduce the manifestations seasickness:
   diphenhydramine( Dimedrol)
   Promethazine ( Pipolphen, Diprazine)
6. To treat vomiting in pregnancy:
   diphenhydramine( Dimedrol)
7. To potentiate the action of analgesics and local anesthetics (premedication, component lytic mixtures):
   diphenhydramine( Dimedrol)
   Promethazine ( Pipolphen, Diprazine)
8. For the treatment of minor cuts, burns, insect bites(efficiency local application drugs are not strictly proven, it is not recommended to use > 3 weeks due to an increased risk of local irritant effects):
   Bamipin ( Soventol).

To the virtues 2nd generation antihistamines are more wide range indications for use. However, ideas about the clinical efficacy of 2nd generation antihistamines in the treatment of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis are based on a small number of uncontrolled studies. The action of the drug develops rather slowly (within 4-8 weeks), and the pharmacodynamic effects of 2nd generation drugs have been proven only mainly in vitro.

Recently created 3rd generation antihistamines, which have significant selectivity and do not have side effects from the central nervous system. The use of 3rd generation antihistamines is more justified in the long-term therapy of allergic diseases:

• seasonal allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis) with seasonal exacerbations > 2 weeks;
• chronic urticaria;
• atopic dermatitis;

The pharmacokinetic properties of antihistamines vary considerably. Modern antihistamines of the 3rd generation have a longer duration of action (12-48 hours). Astemizole has a maximum half-life (about 10 days), which inhibits skin reactions to histamine and allergens for 6-8 weeks. For two 3rd generation antihistamines (terfenadine and astemizole), serious cardiotoxic side effects in the form of severe cardiac arrhythmias have been described. The likelihood of developing these side effects increases with the simultaneous administration of drugs with macrolides (erythromycin, oleandomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin), antifungal agents (ketocanosole and intracanosole), antiarrhythmics (quinidine, novocainamide, disopyramide), some antidepressants, as well as in patients with chronic liver diseases and hyperkalemia. If necessary, the simultaneous use of terfenadine or astemizole with the above groups of drugs, preference is given to antifungal agents fluconazole (diflucan) and terbenafine (lamizil), antidepressants paroxetine and sertraline, antiarrhythmics and antibiotics of other groups.

Topical antihistamines, in particular, acelastine (Allergodil) has a rapid (within 20-30 minutes) symptomatic effect, improves mucociliary clearance, and has no significant systemic side effects.

The most promising oral antihistamines are loratadine and cetirizine.

Loratadine (Claritin) is an antihistamine drug that does not have a sedative effect, significant drug interactions, and is recommended for use in patients of all age groups. The excellent safety profile of claritin allowed the drug to be included in the list of over-the-counter drugs.

Cetirizine (Zyrtec) is a basic antihistamine, especially in young children, when the inhalation route of drug administration is difficult. It has been shown that long-term administration of cetirizine to children with early atopic syndrome can reduce the risk of progression of atopic conditions in the future.

Classification of antihistamines.
1st generation- act on peripheral and central H 1 -histamine receptors, cause a sedative effect, do not have an additional anti-allergic effect.

• bamipin ( Soventol, ointment)
• dimethindene ( Fenistil)
• diphenhydramine ( Dimedrol, Benadryl)
• clemastine ( Tavegyl)
• mebhydrolin ( diazolin, Omeril)
• oxatomide ( Tinset)
• promethazine ( Pipolphen, Diprazine)
• pheniramine ( Avil)
• hifenadine ( Phencarol)
• chloropyramine ( Suprastin)

with antiserotonin action

• dimebon ( Dimebone)
• setastin ( Loderix)
• cyproheptadine ( Peritol)

2nd generation- act on histamine receptors and stabilize the mast cell membrane.

• ketotifen ( Zaditen and etc.)

3rd generation- act only on peripheral H 1 -histamine receptors do not cause a sedative effect, stabilize the mast cell membrane and have an additional anti-allergic effect.

• acrivastine ( Semprex)
• astemizole ( Hismanal, Histalong, Astemisan, Astelong)
• terfenadine ( Trexyl, Teridin, Tofrin)
• fexofenadine ( Telfast)
• loratadine ( Claritine)
• cetirizine ( Zyrtec)
• desloratadine ( Erius, other names: Alergostop, Delot, Desal, Claramax, Clarinex, Larinex, Loratek, Lordestin, NeoClaritin, Eridez, Eslotin, Ezlor)
• ebastine ( Kestine)
• acelastin ( Allergodil)
• levocabastine ( Histimet)

Characteristics of modern antihistamines.

	astemizole HISMANAL	terfenadine TREXYL	fexofenadine TELFAST	loratadine CLARITINE	cetirizine ZYRTEC	ebastine KESTINE
use in children and women during pregnancy and lactation
Possibility of use in children	from 1 year	from 3 years	from 12 years old	from 2 years	from 2 years	from 12 years old
Use in pregnant women	Maybe	contraindicated	Maybe	Maybe	undesirable	contraindicated
Application for lactation	contraindicated	contraindicated	contraindicated	contraindicated	contraindicated	contraindicated
drug effect
Duration	24 hours	18 – 24 hours	24 hours	24 hours	24 hours	48 hours
Effect time	1 hour	1 hour	1 hour	0.5 hours	1 hour	1 hour
Dosing frequency	1 r / d	1-2 r / d	1 r / d	1 r / d	1 r / d	1 r / d
adverse events
QT interval prolongation	YES	YES	No	No	No	No
Sedative action	No	No	No	No	RARELY	No
Strengthening the effect of alcohol	No	No	No	No	YES	No
Side effects when combined with ketoconazole and erythromycin	YES	YES	No	No	No	YES
Weight gain	YES	No	No	No	No	No
use of specific patient populations
The need for dose reduction in renal failure	No	No	YES	No	YES	YES
The need to reduce the dose in violation of liver function	contraindicated	contraindicated	No	No	No	contraindicated

Criteria for choosing antihistamines

The need to choose a drug that has an additional antiallergic effect:

• perennial allergic rhinitis;
• seasonal allergic rhinitis (conjunctivitis) with the duration of seasonal exacerbations up to 2 weeks;
• chronic urticaria;
• atopic dermatitis;
• allergic contact dermatitis;
• early atopic syndrome in children.

Indicated for use in children:

children under 12:
• loratadine ( Claritine)
• cetirizine ( Zyrtec)
• terfenadine ( Trexyl)
• astemizole ( Hismanal)
• dimethindene ( Fenistil)

children 1-4 years old with early atopic syndrome:

• cetirizine ( Zyrtec)
• loratadine ( Claritine)
• desloratadine ( Erius)

Indicated for use in women during pregnancy and lactation:

• loratadine ( Claritine)
• cetirizine ( Zyrtec)
• desloratadine ( Alergostop, Delot, Desal, Claramax, Clarinex, Larinex, Loratek, Lordestin, NeoClaritin, Erides, Erius, Eslotin, Ezlor)
• fexofenadine ( Telfast, Allegra)
• pheniramine ( Avil)

When choosing antihistamines (or any other medications) during lactation, it is better to be guided by the data on the website http://www.e-lactancia.org/en/, where it is enough to enter English or Latin name drug or base substance. On the site you can find information and the degree of risk of taking the drug for a woman and a child during lactation (breastfeeding). Since manufacturers are often reinsured and do not recommend the use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation (who will allow them to conduct a study of the effect of the drug on pregnant and lactating women, and no studies - no permission).

The patient has specific problems:

patients with renal insufficiency:
• loratadine ( Claritine)
• astemizole ( Hismanal)
• terfenadine ( Trexyl)

patients with impaired liver function:

• loratadine ( Claritine)
• cetirizine ( Zytrec)
• fexofenadine ( Telfast)

www.e-mama.ru

Impact on the body

To understand how 4th generation antihistamines differ, you should understand the mechanism of action of antiallergic drugs.

These drugs block the H1 and H2 histamine receptors. This helps to reduce the reaction of the body with the mediator histamine. Thus, there is a relief of an allergic reaction. In addition, these funds serve as an excellent prevention of bronchospasm.

Consider antihistamines of all generations. This will allow you to understand what are the advantages of modern tools.

First generation drugs

This category includes drugs sedatives. They block H1 receptors. The duration of action of these drugs is 4-5 hours. Medicines have an excellent anti-allergic effect, but have a number of disadvantages, including:

• pupil dilation;
• dryness in the mouth;
• blurred vision;
• drowsiness;
• decrease in tone.

Common first generation drugs are:

• "Dimedrol";
• "Diazolin";
• "Tavegil";
• "Suprastin";
• "Peritol";
• "Pipolfen";
• "Fenkarol".

These drugs are usually prescribed for people suffering from chronic diseases in which there is difficulty breathing (bronchial asthma). In addition, they will have a beneficial effect in case of an acute allergic reaction.

2nd generation drugs

These drugs are called non-sedative. Such funds no longer have an impressive list side effects. They do not provoke drowsiness, a decrease in brain activity. Medicines are in demand allergic rashes and itchy skin.

The most popular drugs:

• "Claritin";
• "Trexil";
• "Zodak";
• "Fenistil";
• "Histalong";
• "Semprex".

However, a big disadvantage of these drugs is the cardiotoxic effect. That is why these funds are prohibited for use by people suffering from cardiovascular pathologies.

3rd generation drugs

These are active metabolites. They have excellent anti-allergic properties and have a minimal list of contraindications. If we talk about effective antiallergic drugs, then these drugs are just modern antihistamines.

What drugs from this group are the most popular? These are the following medicines:

• "Zyrtec";
• "Tsetrin";
• Telfast.

They have no cardiotoxic effect. Often they are prescribed for acute allergic reactions and asthma. They provide excellent results in the fight against many dermatological diseases.

4th generation drugs

Recently, experts have invented the latest medicines. These are 4th generation antihistamines. They differ in the speed of action and long-lasting effect. Such drugs perfectly block H1 receptors, eliminating all unwanted allergy symptoms.

The big advantage of such medicines is that their use does not harm the functioning of the heart. This allows us to consider them quite safe means.

However, one should not forget that they have contraindications. Such a list is quite small, mainly children's age and pregnancy. However, it is still recommended to consult your doctor before use. It would be useful to study the instructions in detail before using 4th generation antihistamines.

The list of such drugs is as follows:

• "Levocetirizine";
• "Erius";
• "Desloratadine";
• "Ebastine";
• "Fexofenadine";
• "Bamipin";
• "Fenspiride";
• "Cetirizine";
• "Ksizal".

The best drugs

It is rather difficult to single out the most effective drugs from the 4th generation. Since such drugs were developed not so long ago, there are few newer antiallergic drugs. In addition, all drugs are good in their own way. Therefore, it is not possible to single out the best 4th generation antihistamines.

Medicines containing fenoxofenadine are in high demand. Such drugs do not have a hypnotic and cardiotoxic effect on the body. These funds today rightfully occupy the place of the most effective antiallergic medicines.

Cetirizine derivatives are often used to treat skin manifestations. After taking 1 tablet, the result is noticeable after 2 hours. However, it persists for quite a long time.

The active metabolite of the famous "Loratadine" is the medicine "Erius". This drug is 2.5 times more effective than its predecessor.

The medicine "Ksizal" has earned great popularity. It perfectly blocks the release of inflammatory mediators. As a result of such exposure, this remedy reliably eliminates allergic reactions.

The drug "Cetirizine"

This is enough effective remedy. Like all modern 4th generation antihistamines, the drug is practically not metabolized in the body.

The drug has proven to be highly effective for skin rashes, as it is able to perfectly penetrate into the integument of the epidermis. Long-term use of this medicine in infants suffering from early atopic syndrome, significantly reduces the risk of progression of such conditions in the future.

2 hours after taking the pill, the desired lasting effect occurs. Since it persists for a long time, it is enough to use 1 pill per day. For some patients, to achieve the desired result, you can take 1 tablet every other day or twice a week.

The drug has a minimal sedative effect. However, patients suffering from kidney pathologies should use this remedy with extreme caution.

The drug in the form of a suspension or syrup is approved for use by crumbs from two years.

The drug "Fexofenadine"

This agent is a metabolite of terfenadine. Such a medication is also known under the name "Telfast". Like other 4th generation antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness, is not metabolized, and does not affect psychomotor functions.

This tool is one of the safest, but extremely effective drugs among all antiallergic drugs. The drug is in demand for any manifestations of allergies. Therefore, doctors prescribe it for almost all diagnoses.

Antihistamine tablets "Fexofenadine" are prohibited for children under 6 years of age.

The drug "Desloratadine"

This medicine also belongs to the popular antiallergic drugs. It can be applied to any age group. Since its high safety has been proven by pharmacologists, such a remedy is dispensed in pharmacies without a prescription.

The drug has a slight sedative effect, does not have a detrimental effect on cardiac activity, does not affect the psychomotor sphere. The drug is often well tolerated by patients. In addition, with others medications it doesn't interact.

One of the most effective medicines from this group is considered the drug "Erius". This is a fairly powerful anti-allergic medicine. However, it is contraindicated during pregnancy. In the form of a syrup, the medicine is allowed to be taken by babies from 1 year old.

The drug "Levocetirizine"

This tool is better known as "Suprastinex", "Caesera". This is an excellent drug that is prescribed to patients suffering from an allergic reaction to pollen. The remedy is prescribed in case of seasonal manifestations or year-round. The drug is in demand in the treatment of conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion

New generation drugs are active metabolites of previously used drugs. Undoubtedly, this property makes 4th generation antihistamines extremely effective. Medicines in the human body are not metabolized, while giving a long and pronounced result. Unlike previous generations, these drugs do not have a detrimental effect on the liver.

If you notice redness, rashes and swelling skin, then you need to contact an allergist so that he can prescribe you antihistamines for skin allergies.

Allergy is an increased reaction of our body to certain factors of the surrounding world: drugs, pollen, household chemicals, dust and others.

Clinical picture

WHAT DOCTORS SAY ABOUT EFFECTIVE ALLERGY TREATMENTS

Vice-President of the Association of Children's Allergists and Immunologists of Russia. Pediatrician, allergist-immunologist. Smolkin Yuri Solomonovich

Practical medical experience: more than 30 years

According to the latest WHO data, it is allergic reactions in the human body that lead to the occurrence of most deadly diseases. And it all starts with the fact that a person has an itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, red spots on the skin, in some cases suffocation. 7 million people die each year due to allergies , and the scale of the lesion is such that the allergic enzyme is present in almost every person. Unfortunately, in Russia and the CIS countries, pharmacy corporations sell expensive drugs that only relieve symptoms, thereby putting people on one drug or another. That is why in these countries there is such a high percentage of diseases and so many people suffer from "non-working" drugs.

This reaction is manifested by itching of the skin, its redness, rash and swelling, conjunctivitis of the eyes, tearing, allergic rhinitis and cough.

Skin rashes on the arms, legs, body and face work well with many antihistamines for skin allergies, cheap domestic and expensive imported.

Allergodermatosis(reaction of the skin) is most often treated with drugs in tablets, because external manifestations on the skin is provoked by internal changes.

In this article, we will analyze which antihistamine is better, which modern medicine against skin rashes, it helps well and will not cause strong side effects, we will find out a list of inexpensive analogues and generics.

Signs of a skin allergy

The main causes that cause allergic skin rashes are:

IMPORTANT! If the reason skin rashes not eliminate then effective treatment impossible in principle. For example, with food allergies, you need to remove those foods that provoke an increased reaction of the body. If the cause is not identified and treated, even an increase in the dose of the allergy medicine will not be able to cope with the symptoms.

If the symptoms appear brightly, then you need to take a good anti-allergic agent that works in a complex way for all symptoms, and not just for skin ones.

List of antihistamines for skin allergies

If you have a skin reaction to an allergen, then independently compile a list and prices of medicines in alphabetical order that help with allergic rash and which you should not try for yourself. You must contact the experts.

At an appointment with an allergist, a dermatologist, patients ask: “Advise what antiallergic drugs to take? What are the names of effective anti-allergic drugs for itchy skin?

The doctor will not advise the first one that comes across, he can help the allergic person when he conducts a comprehensive examination.

The doctor is obliged to conduct a conversation with an allergic person, learn about other diseases, drug intolerance, and be sure to conduct an examination for the cause of the disease.

Only after that, the doctor can say the name of the antihistamine drug, which can help in the treatment of skin allergies, the most powerful in a particular case.

Despite the fact that allergic dermatosis manifests itself externally, it is necessary to treat it from the inside.

Why is it important to know? 'Cause you gotta make the right choice dosage form the drug, that is, first of all, use not external medicines (cream, ointment), but preparations in the form of tablets, drops and solutions.

The choice of medicines for skin allergies today is huge: there are good Russian medicines, known since Soviet times, as well as modern anti-allergic drugs that do not cause drowsiness.

All antihistamines prevent the production of histamine and block the development of the following symptoms: redness, itching, swelling of the skin, and also normalize the pressure and breathing of the patient: block spasms in the bronchi and swelling of the larynx. sign strong remedy is also a decrease in lacrimation and redness of the eye proteins and eyelids, the disappearance allergic cough and runny nose.

1st generation antihistamines

The first generation of antihistamines in our time are prescribed very rarely. They have a number common features: drugs are inexpensive, but causing side effects that seriously affect the body of an allergic person and his lifestyle.

Common features of this group of antihistamines:

• Low cost (the main price tag most often does not exceed 300 rubles);
• A short effect (you need to drink them several times in one day) and quick addiction (they need to be alternated with other drugs from this group every couple of weeks).

Symptoms of the use of first-generation antihistamines:

All these side effects complicate the current lifestyle and daily routine of the patient. These antihistamines can make a person less mobile.

Antihistamines from this group are not popular, except for Suprastin, a cheap drug from the list essential medicines fixed at the level of law as vital. It is better to drink these drugs for adults, as they have less side effects. Consider them in the table, which reflects their differences.

Name	Active substance	Features of the drug	Average price, rub
Suprastin	Chloropyramine	Does not cause serious toxic effects on the heart	128
Tavegil	clemastine	Have serious allergic reactions to ingredients	159
Diphenhydramine	Diphenhydramine	Strong effect on the central nervous system	75
Diazolin	Mebhydrolin	Negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract	69
Peritol	Cyproheptadine	Increases appetite, photosensitivity	2400
Pipolfen	promethazine	Decreased intestinal motility, for children from 2 months	277
Diprazine	promethazine	Active influence on the nervous system	1100
Fenkarol	Hifenadine	Weak efficiency	350

We do not recommend taking these antihistamines because of the huge number of contraindications and serious side effects, but you need to know what they are called.

2nd generation antihistamines

With an allergic rash, they often drink second-generation antiallergic drugs, they are universal (prescribed for many types of allergies). They are not addictive, do not affect the nervous system, which means that there will be no drowsiness and lethargy.

Name	Active substance	Features of the drug	Average price, rub.
Claritin	Loratadine	It is prescribed for children from one year old and the elderly, there are almost no side effects.	174
Semprex	Akrivastine	It has a short action, but the medicine is safe	110
Trexil	Terfenadine	The first remedy of the 2nd generation, depresses the cardiac system. It is inexpensive.	97
Fenistil	Dimetindene maleate	Tablets, gel. Popular tool.	319
Histalong	Astemizol	Effective in chronic allergies.	There is no information, because for a long time not present on the market

Most often, Claritin is prescribed from this list, since it is believed that this remedy is safe. But it can be replaced by domestic inexpensive analogue with similar active substance who gave him tradename("Loratadin"). The price of the latter is much lower. Loratadine is used in the treatment of children, replacing the first-generation drug Ketotifen, an inexpensive drug, but with big amount side effects.

• Likopid.
• Viferon.
• Derinat.
• Timolin.
• Immunofan.

The antihistamines listed above are not all anti-allergy drugs presented on pharmacy shelves. There are a huge number of them, which is very difficult to sort out. The main thing to remember is that a specialist should prescribe this or that drug.