Drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, new drugs. New drugs to treat multiple sclerosis
What is known is that the disease has multifactorial features. Most often, the disease develops after infection with viral diseases, with a lack of vitamin D and some other diseases.
It should also be noted that important role attributed to genetic predisposition. Of course, when developing a drug to treat multiple sclerosis knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie the onset and development of the disease is necessary.
The reasons for the development of the disease are still unknown.
They help control the disease and belong to the basic (basic) category. The overall effect on the immune system restrains its activity and corrects it away from destruction nerve tissue.
They help reduce the frequency of attacks, the degree of damage received, and qualitatively improve the patient’s life.
Interferon 1 b beta
Designed to reduce the frequency of exacerbations in patients, as well as to reduce the severity of the disease. The tablets are released under the names Infibeta, Betaferon, Extavia, Copaxone. Subcutaneous injections.
The price of Interferon 1 b beta, known as Infibeta in Moscow is 31,311 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 19,500 rubles.
Copaxone
Intended to strengthen and protect the myelinium of nervous tissue from immune system failures. Injected under the skin. Severely reduces immunity and the production of lymphocytes, making the body vulnerable to other infections.
Prices in Moscow are 27,000 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 25,938 rubles.
Immunoglobulins
Intravenous injections for suppression autoimmune process, bind antibodies, increase the production of isoforms of transforming growth factor beta in multiple sclerosis, suppress the growth of lymphocytes.
Price in Moscow - from 980 rubles, in St. Petersburg average cost 3110 rubles.
Tysabri
The medicine is aimed at protecting the spinal cord and brain from the influence of immune system cells, but this increases the risk infectious disease brain.
The main remedy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, if many have been ineffective.
Its action blocks the passage of immune system cells to the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. It is used strictly under the supervision of a specialist, and is canceled when the risk of developing a side disease is high. Intravenously.
The average cost of the drug in Moscow pharmacies is from 109,500 rubles, in the network of pharmacies in St. Petersburg - 91,500 rubles.
Gilenia
Works as an interceptor of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. Accepted only by those who have had chickenpox. Significantly increases blood pressure. Strictly under the supervision of a specialist, as it slows down the heart.
Capsules in pharmacies in St. Petersburg cost an average of 77,220 rubles, in Moscow 89,567 rubles.
Abagio
Immunosuppressive tablets block the stimulation of lymphocytes, reducing their circulation.
The cost in Moscow pharmacies is 53,417 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 52,300 rubles.
Scientists have not yet come to a consensus on where diseases originate. However, there are two points of view regarding this issue.
From one point of view, there is every reason to believe that the cause of the development of these diseases is the rare consequences of simple infections.
From another point of view, there is an assumption that the development of diseases is affected by certain disturbances in the functioning of genes and their mutations.
For example, scientists from Britain have found that multiple sclerosis often begins to develop in people who have an active Rab32 gene.
The immune system comes to terms with its presence. It is the fetus inside a woman.
According to scientists, the fetal gene consists of 50 percent genetic material inherited from the father. It is this gene that contains the instructions by which protein molecules that are unfamiliar to the woman’s immune system are assembled.
Considering the specifics of a woman’s immune system, when protein molecules enter her environment, she must begin to protect herself from the cells of the fetus.
But, however, in reality this does not happen. Meanwhile, the placenta produces special hormones.
These hormones affect the woman's immune system and force the immune system not to attack the cells of the fetus. Moreover, hormones also protect the fetus from various types of infections.
Hormones that develop in female body, when pregnancy occurs, interested biologists. It is the study of the specifics of their work, the study of all their secret properties and capabilities that will make it possible to produce a medicine for multiple sclerosis.
As a result of the disease, the immune system considers brain cells and other tissues to be non-native.
In an effort to find a cure for such diseases, and fascinated by the hidden properties of pregnancy hormones, Russian biologists, in order to achieve their goal, began to diligently study the interaction of these hormones on immune cells.
The influence of various pregnancy hormones on the behavior of immune cells that are already familiar with real and non-real pathogens, but have never encountered them, has been fully studied.
It was thanks to their observations of the reaction to hormones that Russian scientists tried to discover a substance that could suppress immune cells, but did not cause harm and did not completely suppress the immune system.
As you know, Russian biologists have recently made important steps in finding a cure for multiple sclerosis. They made the medicine and conducted a study on its effects on volunteers.
It is presented in the form of microscopic balls, which are surrounded by protection from synthetic molecules. Once ingested, they disintegrate over time.
The medicine itself consists of fragments of myelin that help prevent the immune system from repelling nerve cells.
At a scientific conference held in Moscow dedicated to multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases, scientists reported that the production of this medicine is progressing.
In addition, other immunological factors that affect the nervous system and other organs are being studied.
Today, preparations for the next phase of clinical trials are in full swing. Scientists hope for the success of their experiments. According to scientists, with a good pace of work, the medicine may be on sale within three years.
Drug therapy
Drug treatment for multiple sclerosis is carried out by different groups medicines. There are three areas of treatment:
- therapy for disease relapses required during exacerbations of multiple sclerosis;
- preventive drugs that improve the prognosis for the patient and ensure a more favorable course of the disease;
- symptomatic therapy that eliminates specific neurological and other symptoms.
Regardless of the approach used to use drugs for multiple sclerosis, the doctor’s main task is to ensure a reduction in the frequency of relapses and protect the patient from the rapid progression of the disease.
In addition to selection necessary medications, the patient’s adherence to therapy is of great importance in the treatment of the disease. It is very important that the patient constantly takes all prescribed medications in the form of tablets or injections, and comes to preventive measures in a timely manner.
It should be noted that the modern drugs being developed have made it possible to significantly reduce the mortality rates of patients with multiple sclerosis. However, the choice of drugs depends significantly on the form of the disease in the patient.
Medicines for multiple sclerosis are selected by the attending physician based on the diagnosed form. There are four variants of the course of the disease:
- The relapsing-remitting form is characterized by frequent relapses of the disease, during periods between which partial improvement in motor and cognitive skills is possible. The main type of therapy is the use hormonal drugs, primarily glucocorticosteroids. This group of medications helps reduce the severity of inflammatory process in the brain and helps stop the progression of sclerosis. Glucocorticosteroids are used to inhibit the development of the disease, however, when the patient enters clinical remission, others are additionally used medicines.
- The secondary progressive form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by constant progression of the disease. In this case, it is possible to stop the development of the disease with the help of large doses of immunomodulators and immunosuppressants.
- The primary progressive type of the disease is associated with a constant progression of existing symptoms from the first day of disease development. Effective therapy in this case is impossible, however, symptomatic and supportive treatment is of great importance.
- The remitting-progressive form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by an undulating course, however, doctors always note a deterioration in the patient’s condition. Therapy is based on the use of glucocorticosteroids and drugs that modify the course of multiple sclerosis.
It is important to note that the effect of various drugs depends on the degree of control of therapy.
For this purpose, patients should regularly undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which allows them to evaluate foci of sclerosis in the nervous tissue.
Many patients ask the question: when will a cure for multiple sclerosis be found and will it be free for patients? Today, it is underway a large number of scientific research dedicated to therapy of this disease.
However, already now pharmaceutical market There are a large number of medications that allow you to control the course of the disease.
Symptomatic remedies
Find universal medicine from multiple sclerosis is impossible. Clinical manifestations diseases vary significantly among patients because pathological process affects different parts of the brain in people.
However, doctors identify a number of symptoms that are most common and that can be effectively treated.
Muscle tone disorders, often manifested by pain, occur in most patients. To eliminate muscle spasms, Tizanidine, Tolperisone and other drugs are used.
In addition, many men and women develop urinary dysfunction, which can be controlled with injectable levocarnitine and similar medications.
Disturbances in the extrapyramidal system, manifested by tremors and impaired coordination of movement, can be corrected with nootropics (Piracetam, Nootropil, etc.), as well as medications that improve cerebral circulation(Actovegin, Cerebrolysin).
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Exacerbation of multiple sclerosis is associated with the development of inflammatory changes in the nervous tissue of the central nervous system, which can appear at any time during the course of the disease.
To reduce the severity of inflammation, glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone) and adrenocorticotropic hormone can be used. Glucocorticoids affect the formation of immune system cells and reduce the formation of antibodies.
/ The names of these drugs are different - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, etc. ACTH is characterized by similar effects, but additionally improves metabolic processes in nervous tissue, which can improve the prognosis for the patient.
Despite the fact that these medications are not able to ensure a complete recovery of the patient, the disease can be effectively treated with it and goes into remission, which can last several months or even years.
The effectiveness of this list of medications is greatest during periods of exacerbation, when patients experience severe inflammation in the nervous tissue.
Disease control
Slowing down the progression of multiple sclerosis and reducing the number of relapses is possible with the help of a number of innovative medications produced by a number of manufacturers.
Similar effects are achievable with rational use immunomodulatory agents that block the pathological effect of antibodies in the body of patients.
The main drugs belong to the group of beta-interferons and glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). Medicines should be administered intradermally, and they can be dispensed and used only in a medical facility.
Beta interferons reduce the number of antibodies and immune system cells produced in the human body. Glatiramer acetate is similar in structure to the myelin protein that surrounds nerve fibers in a healthy person.
Once in the body, this medication becomes a target for the immune system, which allows the patient to preserve the nervous tissue.
New generation drugs - Dimethyl fumarate and Teriflunomide are available in tablet form and have high efficiency in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Drugs this list used as first line therapy. Second-line medications are used in cases where the first line has not shown a significant effect.
The drug Alemtuzumab is registered in Russia, and natalizumab Fingolimod is available in the world. Other similar drugs continue to appear.
Course of treatment with medications
Mitoxantrone
Intended for the treatment of tumor formations, in multiple sclerosis it is aimed at restoring affected areas of nervous tissue, in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Blocks secondary tumors by binding to blood protein. Available in tablet form.
The average cost in Moscow is 2,260 rubles, in St. Petersburg the average cost is 2,000 rubles
Alemtuzumab
Antitumor agent for drug treatment multiple sclerosis. Prevents the development of lymphocyte antigen by producing a monoclonal antibody. The product is produced in ampoules and is used as an infusion.
In Moscow, the average price for treatment with Alemtuzumab is 10,700 rubles, in St. Petersburg about 9,700 rubles.
Minocycline
A synthetic antibiotic, tetracycline, is intended to combat tumor formations and associated inflammation. Also prescribed for bacterial inflammation.
Release in the form of tablets, in Moscow costs from 680 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 540 rubles.
Drugs for acute conditions
There is no single cure for multiple sclerosis. Tablets do not eliminate the disease, but only help stop the progression of the disease and reduce or alleviate the severity. All medications for MS are divided into the following groups:
- In acute conditions.
- Drugs to inhibit the development of MS.
- Antitumor agents.
- Means to alleviate the condition.
Intended for quick removal attacks and their relief.
Dexamethasone
Hormonal drug. It is injected intramuscularly during crises (for example, during paralysis).
Designed to inhibit macrophages and lymphocytes, which leads to the cessation of the destruction of nervous tissue for a certain time.
For self-use dispensed in tablets of 500 mg.
Price in Moscow - from 175 rubles, in St. Petersburg - from 205 rubles.
Solu-Medrol
Intramuscular. Glucocorticosteroid drug for treatment pathological condition, provide relief when inflammatory process and immune failure.
The price of Solu-Medrol in Moscow is from 352 rubles, in St. Petersburg - from 400 rubles.
Cladribine
It affects the proliferation of leukocytes and lymphocytes, inhibiting their functions. Available in both tablets and injections.
The price of Cladribine in Moscow is 27,346 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 26,500 rubles.
Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by symptoms and diseases in addition to the main disorders of the nervous tissue. These symptoms do not go away with basic, basic treatment.
For them, medications are prescribed separately to alleviate the patient’s condition: pain, paralysis, dysfunction of body systems, psycho-emotional depression.
Treatment regimen for muscle stiffness
Medicines aimed at relieving muscle stiffness:
- Baclofen - its action blocks transmission along the neuromuscular channel, relieves spasms and reduces painful sensations, acts for lesions of the spinal cord (Moscow - 280 rubles, St. Petersburg - 250 rubles).
- Tizanidine is a muscle relaxant, aimed at stimulating alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord, which leads to a decrease in muscle rigidity, reduces spasms and convulsions, and restores active movements(Moscow - 129 rubles, St. Petersburg - 126 rubles).
Spasms and pain
Damage to the nerve fibers of the spinal cord leads to muscle paralysis, spasms or pain.
To relieve severe pain, call ambulance, which injects lidocoin or novocaine intramuscularly.
For self-treatment Amitriptyline is excellent. It belongs to tricyclic antidepressants; its antiarrhythmic property relieves spasms and pain in muscle tissue.
The cost in Moscow is 59 rubles, in St. Petersburg - from 47 rubles.
Chronic fatigue
Associated with progressive neurological disorder. It is expressed in abnormal fatigue of the whole body, in a loss of strength, which significantly limits physical activity.
For treatment, the patient is prescribed a daily routine and Amantadine is prescribed. It has an antiparkinsonian effect and also has antiviral properties.
The average cost in Moscow is 150 for tablets and 1,500 for an injection solution, in the pharmacy chain in St. Petersburg - 130 and 1,200 rubles.
Depression
Multiple sclerosis is often accompanied by a depressive state; Zoloft (Moscow - 480 rubles, St. Petersburg - from 428 rubles), Buprion (Moscow - 3200 rubles, St. Petersburg - 2700 rubles) are used to lift spirits.
The drugs are chemical psychoanaleptics.
erectile disfunction
To maintain erectile function, medications based on the antispasmodic effect, stimulants and alpha-blockers have been found. A good remedy is Sildenafil, produced in the form of tablets, the cost of packaging on average in Moscow is 643 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 587 rubles.
Paresthesia and hypoesthesia
Sensory disturbances in the limbs, feet and hands, accompanied by numbness, tingling, burning or a feeling of pressure. Associated with neurological disorders.
Corticosteroids are used for treatment - in tablets, injections or ointments. A common new medicine is Prednisolone (price in Moscow - from 56 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 47 rubles).
Danger of constipation
Dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis spread to many parts of the body, and many tablets have side effects which results in constipation.
A number of scientific institutes in different countries of the world (Russia, USA, Israel, etc.) are actively developing new drugs for the treatment and prevention of multiple sclerosis.
Every year, science spends several hundred dollars on scientific research. effective medicines. Today, doctors identify a number of promising directions in research.
Liposomal preparations
A Russian group of scientists from the Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences began clinical studies modern vaccine(Xemus), which allows you to stop the destruction of myelin protein by the patient’s own immune system.
Phase 1 trials on healthy volunteers showed the safety of the development and the absence of any side effects from its use.
Cell therapy
The use of stem cells began back in 2003, when a number of researchers showed the possibility of restoring nervous tissue, or more precisely the myelin sheath, through the use of these cells.
At this method therapy, stem cells are taken from the patient himself, and then grown in a special way in cell laboratories.
When a large number is reached, the cell mass is injected into the person’s bloodstream and leads to positive effects.
The overall effectiveness of this technology reaches 70-85% and can significantly restore brain function. However, difficulties in standardizing the procedure and high financial costs do not allow implementation cell therapy everywhere.
Autovaccines
The most modern technology for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, based on the isolation of leukocytes from the patient’s blood and their artificial transfer to autoaggression against proteins of the nervous tissue, primarily myelin.
After such training, leukocytes are exposed to various damaging factors, for example, radiation energy. This leads to a disruption of their structure and recognition of these cells by the patient’s immune system as foreign.
When modified leukocytes are introduced into the patient’s bloodstream, his immune system very quickly destroys them and similar clones of cells that are responsible for the progression of the disease.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis presents great challenges for doctors. The disease is difficult to control and requires the use of various groups medicines: glucocorticosteroids, immunomodulators, etc.
Proper administration of medications can achieve stable remission of multiple sclerosis and ensure partial restoration of the patient’s motor and cognitive skills.
It should be noted that self-medication or the use of homeopathic, traditional methods treatment is unacceptable.
In 2014, research conducted by Professor Jonah Chen from the University of California at San Francisco (USA) made clemastine the No. 1 candidate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Because of the enormous importance of the results, the drug moved quickly toward clinical trials. Last week, the results of a phase II clinical trial using clemastine fumarate in patients with multiple sclerosis literally shocked the medical community.
Clemastine fumarate was first adopted as a antihistamine in the 70s of the last century. It was approved in the United States in 1977 and received over-the-counter drug status in 1993.
In the countries of the former USSR it is well known under the brand name Tavegil.
“The potential of clemastine for treating multiple sclerosis is exciting. To our knowledge, this is the first drug to reverse demyelination in MS.
This is not yet a victory over the disease, but the first step towards restoring brain function for millions of people, a chance to regain a decent quality of life and independence,” says project leader Dr. Ari Green.
Clemastine (Tavegil), an over-the-counter allergy drug, may increase the speed of nerve impulses in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis.
A recent phase II clinical trial demonstrated that clemastine tablets significantly improve nervous system function in multiple sclerosis by repairing the myelin sheath of damaged neurons. This is reported by the authoritative publication The Lancet.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) – autoimmune disease, which affects more than 2.3 million people worldwide. The disease attacks the myelin sheath around nerve cells, impairing the ability to conduct electrical signals and disconnecting nerve structures brain.
As nerve fibers demyelinate, they develop typical symptoms MS: impaired gait and coordination of movements, frequent falls as a result of loss of balance.
Current therapy focuses on preventing further damage to nerve cells by the immune system, but no one has yet figured out how to repair myelin sheaths.
Clemastine fumarate appears to be the first ever drug to reverse the effects of multiple sclerosis (MS). According to scientists, this day will come very soon.
New drug for multiple sclerosis?
In 2014, research conducted by Professor Jonah Chen from the University of California at San Francisco (USA) made clemastine the No. 1 candidate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Because of the enormous importance of the results, the drug moved quickly toward clinical trials. Last week, the results of a phase II clinical trial using clemastine fumarate in patients with multiple sclerosis literally shocked the medical community.
Clemastine fumarate was first adopted as an antihistamine in the 70s of the last century. It was approved in the United States in 1977 and received over-the-counter drug status in 1993. In the countries of the former USSR it is well known under the brand name Tavegil.
“The potential of clemastine for treating multiple sclerosis is exciting. To our knowledge, this is the first drug to reverse demyelination in MS. This is not yet a victory over the disease, but the first step towards restoring brain function for millions of people, a chance to regain a decent quality of life and independence,” says project leader Dr. Ari Green.
Clinical trial details
American scientists tested clemastine fumarate on 50 volunteers with severe multiple sclerosis. The duration of the disease was at least 5 months. Because vision is the first to be affected by MS, the researchers measured so-called visual evoked potentials (VEPs). This is a well-established method for assessing neural connections.
Evoked potentials were measured classical method: participants watched flickering pictures on a computer monitor, and electrodes above visual areas brain helped to estimate how long a nerve impulse travels from the eye to the cortical visual centers.
Over the course of 90 days, half of the participants received clemastine and the other half received a placebo. The groups then switched places: the placebo group was given the real drug, and vice versa. The study was double-blind: neither participants nor researchers knew who was receiving clemastine.
“Colleagues thought we were crazy for starting such a study. They believed that clemastine would not work in newly diagnosed cases. But my intuition told me that with fresh myelin damage, the likelihood of recovery would be greatest,” admits Chen.
According to the professor, allergy pills were effective even in advanced cases multiple sclerosis, when the disease debilitated patients for many years.
How to Assess Myelin Recovery
IN this study scientists were unable to measure myelin regrowth using MRI. The reason is the imperfection of visualization technologies. “We still do not have imaging methods that reliably detect the restoration of the myelin sheaths of neurons. Despite this, VEPs provide us with clear evidence of myelination. There simply cannot be any other explanation for the results,” explains the professor.
In addition, in vitro studies on human cells have shown that clemastine stimulates the activity of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system.
Konstantin Mokanov
More than 160 drugs have been created for multiple sclerosis, each of which is less or more popular in different countries. Neurologists say: a cure for multiple sclerosis will be invented in the near future. But so far there is no medicine that is guaranteed to eliminate the cause of the disease.
Multiple sclerosis is autoimmune pathology, the causes of which cannot be fully established. This prevents doctors from searching for effective drugs. But you can use drugs that slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis.
An experienced neurologist is able to select a treatment regimen that will prolong a person’s life by 10-15 years until disability.
: medicines to eliminate acute conditions, medicines to inhibit the disease, means to improve well-being. Their use is not interchangeable; medications must complement each other in different periods activation of the MS.
Drugs for exacerbations
To treat exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, drugs consisting of corticosteroid hormones are used. They have serious benefits because they significantly suppress the activity of the immune system. At the same time, corticosteroids have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.
The most common substances used for MS: tableted prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone.
The last two substances are used only intravenously and have an enhanced effect. However, hormones cannot be used constantly: side effects develop, and violation of instructions can lead to death.
In some cases, hormones do not help patients, then blood purification is prescribed.
Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which a person’s blood is pumped through a special apparatus. This destroys some elements and changes the composition of the blood.
Botulinum toxin
The toxin is obtained from specific bacteria. It contains protein, and the substance itself belongs to the group of neurotoxins that inhibit the activity of certain fibers. Botulinum toxin relieves muscle spasms in MS.
Used for therapy different types substances. They block the breakdown of acetylcholine, which increases nerve signals in muscles, causing spasms. After some time after starting to take the medicine, the muscles relax.
The toxin is administered intramuscularly, and the first effect occurs after a week of treatment. The effect lasts for 5-7 months. Doctors prescribe injections once every 3 months to maintain the effect. However, it should not be used if large muscle spasms have occurred.
Side effects of the drug include: muscle weakness, limited mobility, flu symptoms.
1-2 days after the substance is introduced into the body, the negative symptoms disappear. A small number of patients develop resistance to the substance as the body begins to produce antibodies to the toxin.
PITRS registered in the Russian Federation
Drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis - DMS - are aimed at slowing down the disease. There are several accepted groups of medications in use in the Russian Federation. “First-line” agents are glatiramer acetate and interferons of all types:
- Beta interferon. Neurologists prescribe Russian-made products for therapy: Infibeta, Ronbetal, Interferon beta 1b. The German drug Betaferon and the Swiss drug Extavia are also used.
- Interferon beta for subcutaneous injections . In this group, 2 medications are approved: the Italian Rebif and the Argentine Genfaxon.
- Interferon beta for intramuscular injection . The most commonly prescribed drugs are Avonex, which is produced in different EU countries, as well as SinnoVex, created in Iran.
- . Produced only in Israel, the drug is called Copaxone-Teva. A similar remedy began to be created in 2016 in Russia, experimental treatment has already begun. The drugs are called “F-Sintez” and “Axoglatiran”.
“Second-line” drugs are prescribed less frequently, but are also highly effective. These include drugs based on natalizumab, laquinimod, fingolimod. The products are produced in Israel and Europe.
The choice of medicine for multiple sclerosis depends on the stage of the disease and the characteristics of the symptoms. In this case, the prescription of medications is possible if the condition meets certain requirements:
- Early treatment. If relapsing-remitting MS is diagnosed, and the patient has had 2 or more exacerbations over a 2-year period. In secondary progressive MS with 2 exacerbations in 2 years.
- EDSS Severity Score. The degree should not be more than 6.5 points, then PMTRS can be used to treat sclerosis. It is also important to consider at this stage that no medications have been previously used for multiple sclerosis.
- Patient consent. The person is informed about the results and possible side effects. At the same time, he must agree that he needs to constantly visit the doctor and monitor the effectiveness of therapy.
- Choosing the optimal active substance . Thus, in relapsing-remitting MS, interferons of all types are used. And with secondary, only certain types.
- Person's age. Not all drugs can be used to treat MS before the age of 18.
Prescription of drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis is carried out only by a special medical commission with the study of clinical studies. Must be accompanied by parental consent to therapy.
MS cannot be treated with interferons if you have certain diseases, including mental disorders:
- suicidal thoughts, depression;
- decompensatory stage of liver disease;
- epilepsy;
- pregnancy and breastfeeding;
- severe heart disease;
- hypersensitivity to active components.
These contraindications relate to interferons. With glatiramer: sensitivity, pregnancy and panic attacks.
This group includes medications that relieve symptoms that make a person’s life more difficult.
Some patients require recovery digestive process, eliminating constipation. For this, magnesia, bisacodyl, and docusate are used. Urinary dysfunction is relieved by the drugs darifenacin, tolterodine and tamsulosin.
Innovative treatments
New drugs are drugs that are being studied and tested. They are used as part of experimental therapy and often produce impressive results.
Dimethyl fumarate is a unique substance for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, used in severe cases.
Other new medications also have good effectiveness: Fingolimod, Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab. All of these drugs are part of the group of immunosuppressive drugs that suppress the activity of the immune system. Many of these medications were previously used to treat other serious pathologies, but have only recently become available for the treatment of MS.
LINGO-1 – the latest remedy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, currently in trial. It restores myelin sheaths nerve endings throughout the nervous system. Scientists believe that this drug could make a significant breakthrough in the field of MS treatment.
In Russia, drugs for multiple sclerosis are not used to their full extent. Significant prohibitions on foreign drugs limit the options for patients, but medicine offers Russian developments that also prove their effectiveness.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS). As you know, it is formed by the brain and spinal cord, as well as the optic nerves.
The disease affects myelin, which is in good condition surrounds and protects nerves. MS can cause damage to nerve endings.
The results of this process can be mild (numbness in the limbs), but also severe (paralysis, blindness). At least 50% of people with MS have difficulty concentrating, concentrating, or remembering anything.
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Although there is no cure for the disease, a large number of available medications can reduce its severity and slow its progression, including in old age.
What you need to know about medications
| Name | Application | Implementation method | Frequency of application | Side effects |
| Aubagio (teriflumonide) | MS relapses | Tablets, orally | Every day | Diarrhea, liver problems, nausea, hair loss |
| Avonex (interferon beta-1a) | Relapses of MS, initial. episodes of inflammation | Muscle injection | Once every seven days | Signs of a mild cold |
| Betaseron (interferon beta-1a) | MS relapses | Subcutaneous injection | Every 24 hours | Signs of a mild cold |
| Copaxone (glatiramer acitate) | Remitting-relapsing. RS | Subcutaneous injection | Three times a week | Reaction at the injection site |
| Gilenya (fingolimod) | MS relapses | Tablets, orally | Every day | Migraines, diarrhea, back pain, liver problems |
| Novantrone (mitoxantrone) | Deterioration quickly. remit. - relapse. MS and progressive relapse. and secondary progress. RS | Intravenously | Four times annually or once every three months. Max. number of doses – 8-12 | Nausea, thinning hair, lower leukocyte ratio |
| Rebif (interferon beta-1a) | MS relapses | Subcutaneous injection | Three times a week | Signs of a mild cold |
| Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) | MS relapses | Tablets, orally | Twice a day | Hot flashes, gastric pain, diarrhea, vomiting |
| Tysabri (natalizumab) | MS relapses | Intravenously | Every four weeks | Migraines, fatigue, joint pain |
Types of therapy
Three types of therapeutic agents are used in the treatment process:
- drugs used for exacerbations;
- tablets that change the course of the disease (they belong to the preventive series);
- drugs that alleviate the symptoms of the disease.
As part of the treatment of exacerbation phases, corticosteroids are used. These drugs have a powerful effect on the body and are characterized by a number of side effects (from sharp changes mood until the degree of resistance to infections decreases). In this regard, they may not be used by all patients.
Preventive drugs include those that change and slow down the course and, accordingly, the development of the disease.
The dosage and algorithm for their use are determined by a specialist. Therapy should be carried out exclusively under supervision. This is explained by the fact that all drugs have a number of side effects.
The drugs included in the third group are designed specifically to improve the patient’s condition and eliminate the manifestations of the disease. These include muscle relaxants, tonics, vitamin complexes and antidepressants.
| Basic therapy |
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| Medicine for exacerbation |
|
| Symptomatic therapy | Symptomatic treatment for this disease is aimed at:
Thus, symptomatic therapy of any form, including senile MS, is indicated when diagnosing neurological or other signs. They are the ones who provide negative impact on the patient's condition and reduce the quality of life. |
List of tablets for sclerosis
| Empire style |
|
| Interferon derivatives |
|
| Avonex |
|
|
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| Rebif |
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| Extavia |
|
Side effects of interferon drugs
A variety of side effects are possible:
During the period of remission, drugs containing interferon can provoke permanent melancholy, anxiety, high degree irritability, guilt, lack of concentration, confusion and insomnia.
Precautions
Women who are planning a pregnancy, are at any stage of pregnancy, or are breastfeeding should not use products containing interferon.
People with a history of bouts of depression should be closely monitored because these medications may worsen symptoms of depression. In addition, they can affect the functioning of the liver (thus, severe cases have been identified during the use of Avonex).
In this regard, especially for the elderly, regular blood collections should be carried out. This will make sure that the liver is working optimally.
Drugs containing interferon can affect blood cells and the thyroid gland. This condition You should also monitor and regularly donate blood and hormone tests.
| Copaxone |
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| Cytoxan |
Side effects are:
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| Imuran |
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| Baclofen |
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| Botulinum toxin |
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| Novantron |
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| Intravenous steroids |
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| Tysabri |
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Alternative Treatments
Such therapy involves the use of a variety of disciplines. They range from following a diet and exercise routine to monitoring psychological state and changes in lifestyle.
So, it might turn out to be:
- acupuncture;
- yoga;
- aromatherapy;
- relaxation;
- herbal medicinal components;
- massage.
It should also be noted complementary therapy, which represents additional healing techniques. Let's say weekly massage treatments together with drug therapy.
Betaseron for injection
Alternative therapies can be helpful in many cases of MS, but should not be used without consultation with a specialist. This can not only be very expensive and ineffective, but also extremely dangerous.
Treatment of sclerosis is a long and serious process, and therefore I would like to recall a few basic principles, which many may have forgotten. When studying the names of tablets for sclerosis and choosing the most suitable ones, it is recommended not to pay attention to any non-certified products.
You should beware of a product that is offered by only one manufacturer, especially if it is unknown. You need to study the list of components and under no circumstances purchase a product that is missing something.
In case of any doubt when choosing medicines It is advisable to contact your treating specialist. This will make it possible to avoid counterfeits and other undesirable consequences.
Thus, MS is a progressive disease that is extremely difficult to stop. However, it is possible to slow down and alleviate many of the symptoms thanks to modern medications and therapeutic methods.
From this article you will learn:
What is senile sclerosis
Why does senile sclerosis affect older people?
What are the symptoms of senile sclerosis?
How is senile sclerosis diagnosed?
What medications does the doctor prescribe for senile sclerosis?
How to treat senile sclerosis folk remedies
Today, many people know or have heard about senile sclerosis. He has mass different names- dementia, senile dementia, senile insanity, encephalopathy, psychosis and other options. Let's try to study in more detail what senile sclerosis is and what symptoms it manifests.
What is senile sclerosis
Often, when we want to talk about memory problems, we use the concept of senile sclerosis. This phrase is directly related to the diagnosis of cerebral atherosclerosis. Elderly people often suffer from memory loss, and young people today are not far behind them. But if in young people this is due to overexertion, lack of desire to read, or poor circulation, then in old people the death of nerve cells, otherwise neurons, the cerebral cortex begins. Everyone knows that nerve cells do not regenerate. The rate of their destruction is individual for each person and depends on the condition of the blood vessels. Vascular system a person is directly related to nutrition, lifestyle and heredity. If the vessels stop functioning normally, then oxygenated blood does not flow to the brain and other organs. Accordingly, the nerve cells do not receive nutrition and begin to collapse. At this moment, memory problems occur in older people.
There are many types of sclerosis. Doctors classify it according to the conditions and mechanisms of the disease, the emergence of its new forms and the ability to return sclerotic changes that have already begun to normal. WITH medical point view exist the following types sclerosis and accompanying symptoms:
Absent-mindedsclerosis- the most common type of disease. When neurons are severely damaged, their signals simply do not reach their intended destination.
Atherosclerosis- occurs quite often today. Due to poor nutrition and the environment, older people today suffer high cholesterol in blood. As a result, plaques form in the blood vessels.
Pneumosclerosis- occurs less frequently. If there are lesions in the lungs, the blood is poorly supplied with oxygen.
Cirrhosis- sclerotic changes in the liver. Liver cells die. This leads to death.
Senile sclerosis- memory impairment. Brain cells die. Dips can be deep and short-lived.
According to the causes of occurrence, sclerosis is divided into:
Autoimmune caused by infections chronic And pathological disorders immune system;
Thrombosclerosis, the cause of which is the formation of blood clots, adhesions and hematomas;
Sclerosisconnective tissues, the cause of which may be, for example, dysplasia.
Now it is clear how difficult it is to accurately determine the symptoms for each type of sclerosis. But still modern medicine I learned to identify moments that indicate the destruction of nerve cells.
Why does senile sclerosis affect older people?
IN modern world Medicine can bring the nervous system of a very old patient to an optimal state. You can meet grandparents aged 80 years and older without the slightest hint of senile or other types of sclerosis. Old age in itself is not a disease. This natural process vital activity of the human body. And all types of sclerosis are diseases that have a lot of causes and their own methods of treatment.
The nervous system of elderly people is characterized by the following points:
Lack of adequate blood supply to the brain. As we age, so do our blood vessels. They lose elasticity, plaques form on the walls, and blood clots occur. The nutrition of the brain is disrupted because the blood flows in insufficient quantities. This is fatal to nerve cells. In the absence of the necessary blood supply, they cease to cope with their task and are destroyed. Elderly people at this moment suffer from insomnia, they become nervous and irritable.
Slow regeneration of brain cells. The older we are, the more the regeneration (renewal) process slows down. Blood flow decreases - renewal slows down.
Degradation of biochemical processes in the brain. The work of the brain is based on the transmission of impulses between nerve cells using neurotransmitters. This chemical substances, which include dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline and others. With aging, the body's ability to produce and accumulate it weakens. Impulses lose strength, brain function decreases, and the nature of human behavior changes, both emotionally and physically.
Medicine in this situation tries to most accurately determine the main cause of malfunctions in the brain. The success of treatment of senile sclerosis directly depends on this.
Senile sclerosis: symptoms
The age of people determines how often they are exposed to depressive states. Elderly patients often complain of the following symptoms:
Looking at life in a negative light. Life used to be great, but now everything is terrible: the government doesn’t know how to lead, the youth are ill-mannered, the weather is disgusting.
Endless grievances. Inflated expectations from loved ones, reproaches, whims, suspicion - these are often not character traits of an elderly person, but one of the symptoms of brain dysfunction.
Decreased ability to remember information. Often older people remember in detail what happened a long time ago, and forget recent events.
Heart failures and pressure surges at the slightest concern. The slightest trouble is elevated to the level of a catastrophe on a global scale. Stress immediately affects blood vessels, heart rate and causes an increase in blood pressure.
Regular pain in the head, back, legs and joints. A depressed state always lowers the pain threshold. Therefore, even minor pain symptoms are felt more strongly by older people.
If you notice the above signs in your loved ones, sign them up for a consultation with a neurologist or psychiatrist. Delay is not advisable. The rate at which cells are destroyed is not known. And the sooner therapy for senile sclerosis begins, the greater the chance of stopping this process. At proper treatment the mood of older people gradually changes from negative to positive, blood pressure normalizes, the heart works more smoothly, and activity increases.
If the problem is deeper and the circulatory process is disrupted globally, then more serious changes in the nervous system can be observed. They manifest themselves as senile sclerosis (dementia, dementia, marasmus). In this state, most of the neurons in the brain die frontal lobes brain, which are responsible for higher mental processes.
In this state of affairs, you may observe the following deviations from normal behavior:
Groundless anxiety, aggression, senile egoism;
Constant lack of mood, anxiety;
Sleep problems: insomnia, interrupted sleep, frequent trips to the toilet;
A strong change for the worse in thinking, logic, memory, loss of orientation in space and time.
The presence of such symptoms indicates a deep form of senile sclerosis, when nerve cells are destroyed with high speed. Brain function becomes completely disorganized total loss self-control. Hallucinations, delusions, and overexcitation appear. It is possible to leave home.
How is senile sclerosis diagnosed?
To diagnose senile sclerosis, highly qualified neurologists are required. It is necessary to conduct a more detailed and in-depth examination to exclude other variants of diseases of the nervous system:
Comprehensive MRI examination;
Test cerebrospinal fluid and a complete blood test.
Timely diagnosis and choice of the right direction of therapy for severe forms of senile sclerosis are possible only in specialized centers with high professional level specialists.
Senile sclerosis - treatment
If treatment is started on time, it is possible to stop the destruction of brain cells. Therapy for a patient with senile sclerosis takes a long time. You need to have a positive attitude and be patient. An integrated approach of a cardiologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and neurologist is required.
Elderly people are hospitalized only in extreme cases severe cases. In a normal situation, assistance and fulfillment of all doctors’ orders falls on the shoulders of the relatives of the patient suffering from senile sclerosis. It is important here that their close interaction with their attending physicians is important. Confidential contact between the doctor and the patient himself is also necessary. Initially, a medical specialist identifies the reasons that led to the destruction of brain cells:
Increased blood clotting;
Cardiac arrhythmia;
Hypertension;
Alzheimer's disease.
Cholesterol plaques;
Based on the identified cause, a course of treatment for senile sclerosis is prescribed.
Main methods of treatment:
Drug treatment;
Psychotherapy;
Daily routine and loads;
Diet food;
Hypnosis therapy (if indicated).
What medicine is prescribed for senile sclerosis?
During drug treatment, psychostimulants are prescribed - synthetic drugs caffeine group and tonics. Nootropic medications are also very popular in the treatment of senile sclerosis. They have a good effect on the functioning of the mind, neutralize aggression, and improve memory. Reception nootropic drugs reduces tissue oxygen demand. Elderly organism tolerates a lack of oxygen in the blood more easily.
Another group of medications prescribed for senile sclerosis are drugs that normalize cerebral circulation. Tranquilizers help eliminate fear and anxiety.
In parallel with drug therapy a course of psychotherapy is almost always prescribed, which helps to adapt to the course of the disease.
Senile sclerosis: treatment with folk remedies
Garlic oil
Prepare garlic oil as follows. Take medium garlic and crush it until a paste forms. Mix with sunflower oil, 1 glass. It is better to use unrefined. Close the lid. Place it on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. Every other day, take a tablespoon, add a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and a teaspoon of oil from a jar in the refrigerator. We divide this amount into three parts and take it 30 minutes before meals. Duration of treatment is 1-3 months. Then a break for one month and repeat the course again. Dilates blood vessels and relieves spasms in all types of senile sclerosis.
Heather
Pour one heaped tablespoon of chopped heather with half a liter of boiling water. Bring to a boil and cook for 10 minutes. Leave for three hours. Strain. Drink instead of tea and water throughout the day, regardless of meals. The first week, half a glass at a time, then you can take a whole glass.
Helps with all symptoms of senile sclerosis, as well as with disorders of the liver, kidneys and bladder.
Garlic
Take a bottle, preferably dark glass. Fill one third with finely chopped garlic. Next, fill to the top with vodka or alcohol 50-60 degrees. Leave in a dark place for two weeks. Shake the bottle every day. Take 5 drops per teaspoon of water 3 times a day before meals. Cleans blood vessels well, normalizes blood pressure, improves health gastrointestinal tract.
Honey, onion
Three onions fine grater and squeeze into a glass. Mix one glass of this juice thoroughly with a glass of good honey. Melt the candied honey in a water bath. We take one tablespoon three times a day: either an hour before meals, or two to three hours after. This recipe is good for atherosclerosis and sclerotic changes in cerebral vessels.
Clover red
We only take flowers at the very beginning of flowering. Pour approximately 40 g of flowers into 500 g of vodka and leave in a dark container for two weeks. Squeeze and strain. We take 20 g twice a day before lunch and before bed for three months. After every month there is a break of 10 days. Six months later we repeat the course. This recipe is suitable for people with normal pressure, helps with headaches and tinnitus.
Hot water
Every day in the morning, drink a glass and a half of hot water on an empty stomach at a temperature that you can tolerate. It cleanses blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract well, removes toxins.
Elecampane
Approximately 30 g of dry elecampane root is poured with half a liter of vodka. We insist for 40 days in a dark place. Take 25 drops before meals. This old recipe helps well with senile sclerosis.
Rowan bark
Take crushed rowan bark - 200 g and pour half a liter of boiling water. Cook over low heat for two hours. Take 25 drops before meals.
How else to treat senile sclerosis
An important role in the treatment of senile sclerosis is played by the patient’s positive attitude and his belief in success.
As little stress and worry as possible. Peace has a beneficial effect on general state and improves memory.
Interest in life and what is happening, perception of events through positive emotions helps improve the condition.
For good perception of information, a complete understanding of what needs to be remembered is necessary.
Planning a routine, overall organization and calmness make it easier to understand and absorb information. Rest is required during the process of memorizing large amounts of information.
Reading trains your memory very well, but the main thing here is to read correctly. Analyze what you read, use your imagination, ask yourself questions and look for answers to them in the book. After reading, analyze it, understand what you remember and what was useful.
It is useful to discuss the material you have read with friends or relatives. Try to remember what you read in a week, in a month. This is a useful workout. Learn poetry by heart. Study the difficult ones foreign languages, for example, Chinese.
Prevention of senile sclerosis
What is the prevention of senile sclerosis? We have already given a lot of advice in the previous chapter. It is important to understand that you need to start taking care of your health as early as possible. Lead a healthy and active lifestyle. Eat right, exercise, train your memory. A positive attitude and correct thoughts also contribute to the health of the nervous system. Walking on fresh air useful for everyone! Go for walks as soon as possible. Create your own daily routine that suits your body. Get enough sleep. Sleep can relieve many diseases. During sleep, our nervous system rests. Drink more water, clean, preferably well water. It cleanses blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract well, removing all toxins and waste. Love your body and take care of it. In this situation, you will be able to avoid many problems in old age.
Pay great attention to nutrition. Eliminate foods with increased content cholesterol. Replace animal fats with vegetable ones. Do not fry, but stew or boil. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Be interested in what foods are good for blood vessels, because good vessels- this is the key to your health!
In our boarding houses we are ready to offer only the best:
24/7 care elderly people professional nurses (all staff are citizens of the Russian Federation).
5 full and dietary meals a day.
1-2-3-bed occupancy (specialized comfortable beds for bedridden people).
Daily leisure (games, books, crosswords, walks).
Individual work psychologists: art therapy, music classes, modeling.
