National vaccinations. Children's vaccination schedule. The difference between state vaccinations and paid ones
In the first years of life, the baby will have a lot of vaccinations, so parents should understand what vaccinations will be offered to them, why the vaccine should be administered so early, and how to prepare for the vaccination. Let's look at the vaccination schedule for children from birth to three years of age.
Calculate your vaccination schedule
Why get vaccinated at such an early age?
The introduction of vaccines in the first years of life helps babies develop immunity against dangerous infections as soon as possible. Infectious diseases are especially dangerous for very young children. For example, infection with tuberculosis in the first year of life is often complicated by meningitis, which can result in death.
If crumbs enter the body early age the hepatitis B virus enters, the child will remain its carrier for the rest of his life, and his liver will be threatened by such serious pathologies as cirrhosis or cancer. Whooping cough is very dangerous for babies under one year old, as it can cause suffocation and damage the brain. No less dangerous are hemophilic and pneumococcal infections, which cause difficult-to-treat and often fatal damage to the lungs, ear, meninges, heart and other organs of the baby.
Most vaccinations protect your baby from fatal diseases.
Many parents doubt whether to vaccinate so early because they are sure that infants under 3 years of age practically do not encounter pathogens of such dangerous diseases. They are wrong, because there is always a risk of infection, since many people are asymptomatic carriers. In addition, having started vaccination before the age of one year, by the time the child is actively exploring everything around and communicating with other people, he will already be protected from such unsafe infections.
Table
Year of a child's life | What infection is vaccination against? |
Hepatitis B:
Tuberculosis:
Pneumococcal infection:
Whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, polio, Haemophilus influenzae(according to indications):
Rubella, mumps, measles:
Flu:
|
|
Hepatitis B(not previously vaccinated):
Flu:
Measles, rubella(not previously vaccinated):
Haemophilus influenzae infection
Pneumococcal infection(re-vaccination):
Whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae(booster vaccination, according to indications):
Polio(re-vaccination): :
|
|
Hepatitis B (not previously vaccinated):
Flu:
Measles, rubella (not previously vaccinated):
Haemophilus influenzae infection(if indicated for children who have not been vaccinated before):
|
In addition to vaccinations, from the age of 12 months, children also begin to undergo an annual Mantoux test to check their immunity to tuberculosis.
Short description
- On the first day after birth, the child is vaccinated against hepatitis B, since there is a high risk of contracting such an infection from the mother or during medical procedures. The injection is performed in the first 12 hours of life. Vaccination against hepatitis is carried out 3 times up to a year - the second vaccination is given every month, and the third every six months. If the baby is classified as a risk group, there will be four vaccinations - the third vaccination is postponed to 2 months of age, and the fourth is performed a year. Babies who have not been vaccinated before one year of age can be vaccinated against hepatitis B at any time using the 0-1-6 schedule.
- Also in the maternity hospital, the child receives another vaccination - against tuberculosis. Babies are vaccinated with BCG or its lighter version (BCG-M).
- At 2 months of age, a cycle of vaccinations against pneumococcal infection begins. The first vaccination is carried out at 2-3 months, the second - after a month and a half (usually at 4.5 months). At 1 year 3 months, revaccination is performed to maintain protection against pneumococci.
- Three-month-old babies receive several vaccines at once, among which one of the most important, but also the most often causing adverse reactions, is DPT. This vaccination will provide good protection against tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria. The vaccine is administered three times at intervals of 30-45 days - usually at 3, 4.5 and 6 months.
- At the same time, according to indications (if any) increased risks) are vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae. The vaccine is also administered three times at the same age as DPT. There are combination drugs that allow you to give only 1 injection, and if there are several vaccines, they are administered intravenously. different areas bodies. At 18 months, DPT and the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae are administered again (the first revaccination is carried out). If the child has not been vaccinated against hemophilus influenzae infection before 6 months, the vaccination is performed twice at the age of 6 months to a year with an interval of a month, and revaccination is carried out according to the plan at 1.5 years. If a child has not been vaccinated against such an infection before the age of 1 year, vaccination is carried out only once at the age of 1-5 years.
- Vaccination against polio begins simultaneously with DTP. The first two vaccinations at 3 months and at 4 and a half months are carried out using an inactivated vaccine (injection), and for the third vaccination at 6 months in healthy children they use live vaccine(give drops). Revaccination against this infection is carried out twice in the second year of life - at 1.5 years and at 20 months.
- A one-year-old child is vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella. One comprehensive vaccine provides protection against all these infections. If for some reason vaccination does not take place, vaccination against rubella and measles can be performed individual drugs children after one year at any time.
- From the age of 6 months they begin to vaccinate against influenza. The vaccine is given annually some time before a possible epidemic (in the fall).
Most vaccinations are routine, but you can optionally vaccinate your child if you wish.
Preparing for vaccination
Since only healthy babies can be vaccinated, the main point of preparation should be to determine the health status of the baby. The baby must be examined by a doctor. If we are talking about vaccinations in the maternity hospital, then they are allowed to be carried out by a neonatologist. Vaccinations between the ages of 1 month and 3 years are prescribed by a local pediatrician, examining the child before each vaccination. If there are suspicions of health problems, then before vaccination the child should be shown to a neurologist or immunologist.
It is also recommended to donate the baby’s blood and urine for analysis. If the baby has an increased risk of an allergic reaction, a few days before vaccination you can start giving antihistamine, continuing to take it for two days after the injection.
- Parents should buy antipyretic drugs in advance, since one of the most common adverse reactions to vaccinations is fever. There is no need to wait for high numbers; you can give medicine even at temperatures above 37.3 degrees.
- Take your baby to the clinic with a toy that will help distract your baby a little from the unpleasant and uncomfortable sensations of vaccination.
- Do not change your child's diet a few days before and after vaccination. This is not the best time to try new foods or start complementary feeding.
I perfectly understand young mothers who are simply dizzy from the number of vaccinations and the names of vaccines. Nevertheless, the topic of vaccination is extremely important, and therefore parents should understand it themselves, without shifting responsibility to doctors.
Fortunately, this is easy to do if you have at hand an article about the national vaccination calendar 2019.
I collected all the information from official websites, processed it and presented it in simple and accessible language that young parents will understand.
After reading the article, you will be able to freely navigate the topic of vaccinations, control the entire process, the entire vaccination process, you will learn how the national and regional vaccination calendars differ, which vaccines are not in the calendars, how to get vaccinations for free and for a fee, who are children at risk, what should you know every mother about the correct vaccination technique and many other interesting and important points.
Each country in the world has its own vaccination calendar, which is developed taking into account the characteristics of the epidemic situation in a particular state.
These calendars may differ and this is normal. For example, in the US national calendar there is no vaccination against tuberculosis (because the standard of living is very high, and this disease practically does not occur there).
In Russia, the situation with tuberculosis is sad, so we are forced to vaccinate the population in order to contain the epidemic.
The US schedule includes vaccination against varicella (chickenpox). Russia cannot yet afford this, since the vaccine is very expensive, and there are other higher priority areas for spending budget funds. 
The Japanese calendar includes vaccination against Japanese encephalitis. In Russia, no, because for us this infection is very rare.
In general, you understand: the vaccination calendar includes a list of vaccinations against infections, the risk of contracting which is high in this particular country, as well as the schedule, timing and procedure for vaccination.
National vaccination calendar in Russia
In Russia, the vaccination calendar is contained in Order of the Ministry of Health 125n dated March 21, 2014 “On approval of the national calendar preventive vaccinations and calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications” with changes to the current date.
This document can be found on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Health, on the websites of the legal systems Consultant Plus, Garant and other legal portals. However, to save your time, I suggest you familiarize yourself with it in a convenient table.
| At what age is it placed? | What disease is the vaccine for and what vaccine? | Additional Information | |
| Babies of newborn age, within 24 hours of birth | For hepatitis B. The maternity hospital will most likely have a domestically produced vaccine. | The vaccination is tolerated very easily and, for the most part, without any consequences for the condition of the baby. Such early date introduction of the vaccine is explained by the fact that infection with hepatitis B is precisely in the early childhood extremely dangerous and can lead to disability and even death. But there is always a risk, especially since sad statistics show that more than 32% of the world’s population is infected with this disease. | |
| Babies aged 3 to 7 days of life | For tuberculosis. Only domestic live vaccine is available in maternity hospitals and clinics. | The vaccination is done intradermally; after about 3 weeks, an ulcer forms at the injection site, which cannot be treated with anything, picked or touched. After healing, a scar remains. The early date of vaccination is explained by the high risk of contracting tuberculosis immediately after leaving the walls of the maternity hospital, since the number of patients with an active form of the disease walking freely around the city is truly shocking. | |
| Babies at 1 month | Secondary from hepatitis B. Now not only domestic, but also imported vaccines will be available: Euvax (France), Engerix B (Great Britain), Biovac B (India). | No tests are required before the injection; it is enough that the child is healthy. The vaccine is lightweight and well tolerated. | |
| Babies at 2 months | The third vaccination against hepatitis B is not given to everyone, but only to children from risk groups. | We are talking, for example, about children born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. | |
| First vaccination against pneumococcal infection. As a rule, it is done with the imported Prevenar vaccine made in the USA. | Its purpose: protection against the microbe pneumococcus, which causes severe otitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. | ||
| Babies at 3 months | The first serious comprehensive vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (DTP). You can supply a domestic vaccine or a foreign one. Infanrix Hexa (Belgium), Pentaxim (France) are available for a fee. | The vaccination itself is extremely important and will provide the baby with protection from severe and dangerous infections. Imported vaccines are highly purified and rarely cause unwanted reactions. | |
| A domestic vaccine can be supplied against polio. However, the above-mentioned Pentaxim and Infanrix Hexa are convenient because they also contain an anti-poliomyelitis component, which means no unnecessary injections! | The vaccine is administered inactivated (with killed virus cells) and is usually easily tolerated. Protects against a terrible infection found in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, etc. | ||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for children at risk. | |||
| Children aged 4.5 months | From whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (second DTP). | It is convenient to combine three injections into one by purchasing the paid vaccine Pentaxim or Infanrix Hexa. | |
| Against hemophilus influenzae infection. | |||
| Against polio. | |||
| Against pneumococcal infection. | Now the baby is protected from the microbe pneumococcus. | ||
| Babies aged 6 months | From diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough for the third time. | If it is possible not to torment your baby with several injections, it is wise to purchase a paid vaccine and combine everything into one injection. | |
| From hepatitis B for the third time. | |||
| From polio for the third time. | |||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for the third time, not for everyone, but only for children at risk. | |||
| Children aged 12 months | For measles, rubella and mumps(KKP). Vaccination with both domestic vaccines and imported Priorix (Belgium) is possible. | Mandatory protection against severe bacterial complications of measles (for example, blindness, deafness, pneumonia), rubella. Protection against mumps is extremely important for boys, since a quarter of all cases of male infertility are caused by mumps (mumps) suffered in childhood. | |
| For hepatitis B for the fourth time for children at risk. | It is not given to everyone, but as prescribed by a pediatrician. | ||
| Children aged 15 months | For pneumococcal infection - revaccination. | To maintain reliable immunity to the pathogen - pneumococcus. | |
| One and a half year old toddlers | For polio – the first revaccination. | Revaccination against polio is recommended not to be carried out inactivated vaccine, as before, but live oral. This will provide higher and more reliable immunity from different forms causative agents of this dangerous disease. | |
| For whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria - the first revaccination. | Mandatory vaccination is almost complete, just a little more! | ||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for children at risk. | |||
| Babies at 20 months | For polio – second revaccination. | ||
| Guys at 6 years old | For measles, rubella and mumps (mumps) – revaccination. | To maintain immunity. | |
| Guys aged 6-7 years | For diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination. As a rule, a domestic vaccine is given. | A local reaction is possible - compaction at the injection site. | |
| For tuberculosis - revaccination | It is prescribed by a doctor, not to everyone, but only to those who have a negative Mantoux test. | ||
| Teenagers at 14 years old | For diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination for the third time. | The injection is given in the upper third of the shoulder. | |
| For polio – revaccination for the third time. | Do it as prescribed by the doctor. | ||
| Adults 18 and older | For diphtheria and tetanus - this and subsequent revaccinations every 10 years until the end of life. | Immunity to dangerous diseases is not infinite and must be maintained. | |
| All children and adults under 55 years of age, if they have not been vaccinated before or there is no information about this | From hepatitis B. | In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by repeating the vaccination every 10 years. | |
| All children and adults aged 1 to 18 years | For rubella | It is important to get vaccinated against rubella to maintain herd immunity and prevent the virus from circulating. Rubella infection in a pregnant woman is guaranteed to cause miscarriage and severe developmental defects of the child. | |
| Children and adults up to 35 years old | For measles | Revaccination against measles is carried out every 10 years | |
| Children over 6 months and adults | For influenza. There are domestic vaccines: “Sovigripp”, “Grippol”, as well as foreign ones “Influvac” (Netherlands), “Vaxigripp” (France). | At risk for influenza are small children (over 6 months, because the mother’s antibodies are still active before this), schoolchildren and students, pensioners, pregnant women, workers in housing and communal services, transport, medicine, people with chronic diseases. That is, all those who are at risk of suffering from severe flu and complications. |
Regional vaccination calendar
In addition to the national vaccination calendar, which contains a list of diseases for which vaccination is guaranteed by the state for every resident of the country, there are regional vaccination calendars of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Depending on the presence of special conditions or risk of diseases in any region, the region allocates money in the local budget for additional vaccination.
In the Sverdlovsk region, for example, all children are vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis(due to the high risk of contracting this disease from a tick vector in the warm season) and hepatitis A (since there is not much good situation with the quality of tap water).
Therefore, depending on what region, territory or republic you live in, you have the right to learn about additional free vaccinations that are guaranteed to you by the regional vaccination calendar.
About children at risk
IN vaccination calendar For each disease, the concept of children and adults from risk groups is highlighted. These are the people who are most at risk of contracting a particular disease.
For them, the calendar provides a special vaccination procedure, which implies additional doses of vaccines, as well as more short time between them, to ensure the rapid production of antiviral antibodies to the infectious agent, that is, to put it simply, to obtain high protection in the shortest possible time.
For example, a baby born to a woman infected with hepatitis B is at risk for this disease.
A child born in a family where one of the relatives has tuberculosis is at risk for tuberculosis.
Elderly people, children attending kindergartens, schoolchildren, pregnant women are at risk for influenza, because the disease can be especially severe in them.
Children and adults who travel frequently are at risk for hepatitis A.
Boys are at risk for mumps (mumps), as a quarter of those who contract the disease become infertile in the future.
Are vaccinations required?
If after reading it you still doubt the need for vaccination, then, of course, you should know the following.
According to clause 4 Order of the Ministry of Health, o which we said at the beginning of the article, you have the right to refuse vaccinations by formalizing your refusal in writing.
However, if you exercise this right, you and the child will have to regularly face the consequences of such a refusal throughout childhood.
Practice shows that unvaccinated children and their parents have problems with enrolling in kindergartens, schools, and sections at every step.
During periods of high morbidity, unvaccinated children are taken out first. educational institutions to prevent the spread of epidemics. 
Besides, everything most of conscientious parents oppose the presence of unvaccinated children in the children's group, who can act as hidden carriers of a number of dangerous infections, from which vaccination protects other children. We are talking, first of all, about tuberculosis, hepatitis B, polio, measles, mumps, etc.
Latest changes in the vaccination calendar
The most significant and tangible changes in the vaccination calendar occurred in 2016, when free vaccination against pneumococcal infection for all children under 5 years of age was added to the list of vaccinations.
This vaccination protects babies from the pneumococcus microbe, which is to blame for severe bacterial sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia.
The last changes to the order were made on April 13, 2017 and they are not so significant. Some wording was adjusted, the procedure for vaccinating children with immunodeficiency and other serious illnesses, the concept of immunobiological medicines, and also explained the procedure for vaccination against polio for epidemic indications (probably due to the increase in focal outbreaks of this infection in Russia and Ukraine).
How and where to vaccinate your child
If you and your baby are citizens of the Russian Federation, you have the right to contact any insurance company that provides compulsory health insurance services with a passport and birth certificate of the child in order to apply for a compulsory medical insurance policy.
Immediately after submitting your application, you will be issued a temporary policy (for the time being until a permanent one is issued).
With this document, you already have the right to contact any children's clinic to register and get all vaccinations according to the national and regional calendars for free, or find out from your local pediatrician how you can pay for an imported vaccine and get vaccinated with it.
If you are not citizens of the Russian Federation, or prefer paid medicine, you can contact a commercial medical center that provides childhood vaccination services (accordingly, there is a license for this activity).
As a rule, such medical centers offer imported vaccines instead of free domestic ones, although the former may cost an order of magnitude more - this should also be taken into account.
Vaccination technique: what mom should know
Most mothers do not have medical education and blindly trust doctors. However, when it comes to injections and any manipulations associated with damage to the skin, blood, etc., every parent should know the basic safety principles of such manipulations. 
Simply because your child’s health is most valuable to you. So study and remember!
- Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a doctor to make sure that the baby is healthy and there are no contraindications to vaccination. Usually the doctor examines the throat, listens to the chest and back, and measures the temperature. If everything is fine and you have no other complaints, then vaccination is allowed.
- By law, you must sign a consent to the work of any medical actions your child, and also have the right to be present during these manipulations.
- Carefully ensure that the vaccine is removed from its original packaging, ask to see the name of the drug to ensure that you are receiving exactly the vaccine that you agree to.
- Make sure the nurse uses disposable syringes, needles, and other instruments.
- For children under one year of age, the injection is given exclusively in the thigh. Under no circumstances in the butt, because there is a high probability of damage to the sciatic nerve.
- For children after one year of age, the vaccine is given in the upper third of the shoulder or thigh, unless otherwise indicated by the vaccine manufacturer.
- If there is a need to give several vaccinations at once, they are given to different parts of the body. For example, in the right thigh, left thigh, right shoulder, left shoulder. Purely theoretically, it is possible to simultaneously administer 4 different vaccines.
What to do if you missed a vaccination?
The vaccination calendar was developed by scientists as an ideal vaccination plan, in which the child receives maximum protection from the virus as soon as possible (when protective maternal antibodies disappear in the body for each separate virus), but with minimal risk of side effects and unwanted reactions. This is an ideal plan that you should try to follow.
However, life makes its own adjustments. There are long-term illnesses, trips and other circumstances in which the vaccination plan is violated. What to do in this case? Start over? It turns out not.
You just need to administer all the missing, missed doses of vaccines according to the schedule, while observing the minimum possible time intervals between them.
In most cases, it turns out that even with interruptions due to life circumstances, the child usually completes the main vaccination by the age of three years, that is, by the age of going to school. kindergarten and active socialization in children's groups.
What vaccinations are not on the calendar?
There are vaccinations that are not included in the national and regional calendars, however, vaccines against these diseases exist, and parents can protect their child from infection for an additional fee.
We are talking, for example, about chicken pox, rotavirus infection, meningococcal infection, a vaccine against cervical cancer (for girls).
Often these drugs are not cheap. However, is there anything more valuable than children's health?
Show sources
Sources
- Vaccination is also carried out to contact persons without age restrictions from foci of the disease who have not previously been ill, have not been vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against measles or have been vaccinated once; adults from 36 to 55 years old who belong to risk groups (workers of medical and educational organizations, trade organizations, transport, utilities and social sphere; persons working on a rotational basis and employees of state control bodies at checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation) who have not been sick, have not been vaccinated previously, have been vaccinated once, and have no information about vaccinations against measles.
- Adults working in certain professions and positions (workers of medical and educational organizations, transport, public utilities); pregnant women, persons subject to conscription military service; persons with chronic diseases, including lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity.
- Infection prevention is included in the calendar for epidemic indications for risk groups.
- Adults from risk groups, including those subject to military service.
- Persons living in regions disadvantaged by the incidence of hepatitis A, as well as persons at occupational risk of infection (medical workers, public service workers employed in food industry enterprises, as well as those servicing water supply and sewerage facilities, equipment and networks).
Persons traveling to disadvantaged countries (regions) where outbreaks of hepatitis A are registered.
Contact persons in hepatitis A outbreaks. - In areas of meningococcal infection caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C. Vaccination is carried out in endemic regions, as well as in the event of an epidemic caused by meningococci of serogroups A or C.
Persons subject to conscription for military service. - WITH for preventive purposes vaccinate persons who have a high risk of contracting rabies: persons working with the “street” rabies virus, veterinarians, rangers, hunters, foresters, persons performing work on catching and keeping animals.
- In foci of goat-sheep type brucellosis, persons performing the following work: procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where livestock diseases with brucellosis are registered; for the slaughter of livestock suffering from brucellosis, the procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from it; livestock breeders, veterinarians, livestock specialists in farms enzootic for brucellosis; persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of brucellosis.
- Persons engaged in the field of municipal improvement (workers servicing sewer networks, structures and equipment, as well as organizations carrying out sanitary cleaning of populated areas, collection, transportation and disposal of household waste).
Persons working with live cultures of typhoid pathogens. Population living in areas with chronic water epidemics of typhoid fever. Persons traveling to countries (regions) hyperendemic for typhoid fever.
Contact persons in areas of typhoid fever for epidemic indications. According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out when there is a threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents in the water supply and sewerage networks), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened region. - People at risk, including those subject to military service, who have not previously been vaccinated and have not had chickenpox.
- Persons traveling outside the Russian Federation to countries (regions) enzootic for yellow fever. Persons working with live cultures of the pathogen yellow fever.
- Persons living in areas where tick-borne viral encephalitis is endemic; persons traveling to areas endemic for tick-borne viral encephalitis, as well as persons arriving in these territories performing the following work: agricultural, irrigation, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition, deratization and disinfestation; for logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, health and recreation areas for the population. Persons working with live cultures of tick-borne encephalitis.
- Persons performing the following work: procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms located in areas enzootic for leptospirosis; for the slaughter of livestock with leptospirosis, procurement and processing of meat and meat products obtained from animals with leptospirosis; on catching and keeping stray animals.
Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of leptospirosis. - Persons performing work on the procurement, storage, processing of raw materials and livestock products obtained from farms where Q fever diseases are registered.
Persons performing work on the procurement, storage and processing of agricultural products in enzootic areas with Q fever.
Persons working with live cultures of Q fever pathogens. - Contact persons in foci of polio, persons working with live poliovirus, with materials infected (potentially infected) with wild poliovirus, without age restrictions.
- Persons performing the following work: livestock workers and other persons professionally engaged in pre-slaughter livestock maintenance, as well as slaughter, skinning and cutting of carcasses; collection, storage, transportation and primary processing of raw materials of animal origin; agricultural, drainage, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition in anthrax-enzootic territories.
Persons working with material suspected of being infected with a pathogen anthrax. - Persons living in territories enzootic for tularemia, as well as persons arriving in these territories performing the following work: agricultural, drainage, construction, other work on excavation and movement of soil, procurement, fishing, geological, survey, expedition, deratization and disinfestation; for logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, health and recreation areas for the population.
Persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of tularemia. - Persons traveling to countries (regions) affected by cholera. Population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the event of complications in the sanitary and epidemiological situation regarding cholera in neighboring countries, as well as on the territory of the Russian Federation.
- Persons living in areas enzootic for plague. Persons working with live cultures of the plague pathogen.
- Workers medical organizations(their structural divisions) infectious profile. Persons employed in the field Catering and public improvement.
According to epidemic indications, vaccinations are carried out when there is a threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters, major accidents in the water supply and sewerage networks), as well as during an epidemic, while mass vaccination of the population is carried out in the threatened region. Preventive vaccinations are preferably carried out before the seasonal rise in the incidence of shigellosis.
Preventive vaccinations are preferably carried out before the seasonal rise in the incidence of shigellosis. - Contact persons from the foci of the disease who have not been sick, have not been vaccinated and do not have information about preventive vaccinations against mumps.
In this article you will learn what vaccinations and at what age your child should receive them.
Ministry health annually reviews and approves the vaccination calendar. Changes are made depending on epidemiological situation in the country. A fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was added to the calendar in 2016.
Table: Vaccination calendar for children under 14 years of age
| Children's age | Name of vaccination | Order of conduct | Note (off schedule) |
| Newborns in the first day of life | First vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in newborns, including those from risk groups: those born to mothers who are carriers of HBsAg; patients with viral hepatitis B or who have had viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy; who do not have test results for hepatitis B markers; drug addicts, in families in which there is a carrier of HBsAg or a patient with acute viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis (hereinafter referred to as risk groups). | |
| Newborns on the 3rd - 7th day of life | Vaccination against tuberculosis | Vaccines are administered to newborns to prevent tuberculosis (for gentle primary immunization) in accordance with the instructions for their use. In subjects of the Russian Federation with incidence rates exceeding 80 per 100 thousand population, as well as in the presence of tuberculosis patients in the newborn’s environment, a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. | |
| Children at 1 month | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group, including from risk groups. | 1 month after the first |
| Children at 3 months. | First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | ||
| First vaccination against polio | |||
| Children from 3 to 6 months. | First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children belonging to risk groups: with immunodeficiency conditions or anatomical defects leading to severe increased danger Hib infection; with oncohematological diseases and/or receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a long time; HIV-infected or born from HIV-infected mothers; located in closed preschool institutions (orphanages, orphanages, specialized boarding schools (for children with psychoneurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and health institutions). | Vaccination course against hemophilus influenzae for children aged 3 to 6 months. consists of 3 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. For children who have not received their first vaccination at 3 months, immunization is carried out according to the following scheme: for children aged 6 to 12 months. of 2 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. for children from 1 year to 5 years single injection 0.5 ml |
| Children at 4.5 months | Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | 45 days after the first vaccination | |
| Second vaccination against polio | Carried out with vaccines for the prevention of polio (inactivated) in accordance with the instructions for their use | ||
| Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received their first vaccination at 3 months. | ||
|
Children at 6 months |
Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | |
| Third vaccination against polio | Children of this age group are given vaccines to prevent polio (live) in accordance with the instructions for their use. Children staying in closed preschool institutions (children's homes, orphanages, specialized boarding schools for children with psychoneurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and health institutions), according to indications, are vaccinated three times with vaccines for the prevention of polio (inactivated) | ||
| Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who do not belong to risk groups who received the first and second vaccinations at 0 and 1 month. respectively |
After 6 months after the start of vaccination |
|
| Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | 45 days after the second vaccination | |
| Children at 12 months | Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in children of this age group | |
| Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk | Innovation 2016 | |
| Children at 18 months. | First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in children of this age group | One year after completed vaccination |
| First revaccination against polio | After 2 months after completed vaccination | ||
| Revaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Revaccinations are carried out once for children vaccinated in the first year of life in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines | ||
| Children at 20 months. | Second revaccination against polio | Vaccines for the prevention of polio (live) are given to children of this age group in accordance with the instructions for their use | After 2 months after the first revaccination |
| Children aged 6 | Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Conducted in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who have received vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps | 6 years after vaccination |
| Children aged 6-7 years | Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | 5 years after the first revaccination | |
| Children aged 7 | |||
| Children aged 14 | Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of toxoids with a reduced content of antigens to children of this age group | 7 years after the second revaccination |
| Third revaccination against polio | Vaccines for the prevention of polio (live) are given to children of this age group in accordance with the instructions for their use | ||
| Revaccination against tuberculosis | Vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis are administered to tuberculin-negative children of this age group who are not infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in accordance with the instructions for their use | Children with negative reaction Mantoux | |
| Children from 2 months. up to 5 years | Vaccination against pneumococcal infection |
It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines annually for these categories of citizens. The vaccine used is Prevenar. In the first year of life, vaccination is carried out twice with an interval of at least 2 months, starting from 2 months, revaccination - at 12-15 months. The minimum interval between vaccination and revaccination is 4 months. If vaccination with this vaccine is carried out after 12 months, the vaccination is done twice with an interval of 2 months, revaccination is not required. After 2 years of age, vaccination with the Prevenar vaccine is given once, revaccination is not required. |
Russian vaccination calendar for children under one year old
As we can see from the table, children under one year of age should be vaccinated against the following diseases:
- viral hepatitis B
- tuberculosis
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- polio
- measles, rubella, mumps
- hemophilus influenzae infection
- pneumococcal infection
Russian vaccination calendar for children under 3 years of age
Children from one to three years of age must undergo revaccination against the following diseases:
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- polio
- hemophilus influenzae infection
- pneumococcal infection
Table: Vaccination calendar Kazakhstan year
The following vaccination schedule for children has been approved in Kazakhstan.
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1-4 days of life | Tuberculosis Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 2 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 3 months | Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 4 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 12-15 months | Measles Mumps |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 7 years (1st grade) | Tuberculosis Measles Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS) |
| 12 years | Tuberculosis |
| 15 years | Diphtheria (BP-m) |
| 16 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
| Every 10 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
Table: Vaccination calendar Ukraine
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1 day | Hepatitis B |
| 3-5 day | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 1 month | Hepatitis B |
| 3 months | Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 4 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 5 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) Poliomyelitis |
| 6 months | Hepatitis B |
| 12 months | Measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 6 years | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) Poliomyelitis Measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) |
| 7 years | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 14 years | Diphreria, tetanus (ADS) Poliomyelitis |
Is there a new vaccine on the vaccination schedule?
Yes, the Ministry of Health revised the vaccination schedule and decided to pay more attention to vaccinating children against hepatitis B. Thus, in 2016, the fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was introduced for children aged 12 months. This vaccination is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk.
