home Audience 12 Symptoms after mushroom poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms. What happens in the body during poisoning

Symptoms after mushroom poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms. What happens in the body during poisoning

Since mushrooms vary greatly in the toxins they contain and it is difficult to determine which species caused the poisoning, clinical classification is preferable to taxonomic classification. In many cases, the history and first symptoms of mushroom poisoning make it possible to accurately determine the prognosis and prescribe treatment.

There are ten groups toxic substances contained in mushrooms:

cyclic peptides;

gyromitrine;

muscarine;

ibotenic acid and muscimol;

psilocybin;

toxins that cause gastrointestinal irritation;

orellanine;

aminohexadienoic acid;

myotoxins.

Poisoning with mushrooms containing cyclic peptides

Majority fatal poisonings mushrooms associated with consumption poisonous mushrooms containing cyclic peptides. These are representatives of the genus Amanita (fly agaric): Amanita verna (spring fly agaric), Amanila virosa (smelly fly agaric) and Amanita phalloides (pale agaric), the genus Galerina (galerina): Galerina autumnalis (autumn galerina), Galerina marginata (bordered galerina), Galerina venenata (poisonous galerina) and the genus Lepiota (lepiota): Lepiota helveola (lepiota helvesol), Lepiota josserandi (umbrella mushroom) and Lepiota brunneoincamata (reddish-brown lepiota).

Death cap contains 15-20 cyclic peptides, of which the best studied are amatoxins (cyclic octapeptides), phallotoxins (cyclic heptapeptides) and pyrotoxins (cyclic heptapeptides). Phalloidin is the main representative of phallotoxins, a fast-acting poison, while the toxicity of amanitinopes appears much later. Phalloidin blocks actin polymerization and damages cell membranes, but is poorly absorbed when taken orally, so its toxicity is minimal and limited to gastrointestinal upset.

Of all the cyclic peptides, amatoxins are the most toxic, affecting the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Of these, in turn, the most toxic to humans is a-amanitin. One gram of dried toadstool contains about 1.5-2.5 mg of hamanitins, and the same amount of some types of mushrooms of the genus Lepiota contains 3.5 mg. The amount of amanitins in a twenty-gram mushroom significantly exceeds the lethal dose for humans, equal to 0.1 mg/kg. Alpha-amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase II and blocks DNA transcription. The poison affects organs with rapidly renewing cell populations, including the intestines (epitheliitis), as well as the liver (hepatocytes) and kidneys. Morphological changes in the liver include fatty degeneration, centrilobular necrosis and hemorrhage; viable hepatocytes remain in the periportal zone. Amanitins are poorly but quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, and a-amanitin enters the intestinal-hepatic circulation. Amatoxins have low affinity for proteins and are present in plasma in low concentrations for 24-48 hours after poisoning.

Clinical picture

The first period of poisoning with mushrooms of this type resembles severe gastroenteritis with copious watery stools, which occurs 5-24 hours after the poison enters the body. Against the background of correction of water and electrolyte disturbances, the symptoms of gastroenteritis subside and 12-36 hours after poisoning, the second period, or a period of imaginary well-being, begins. However, even despite symptomatic therapy, a third period may occur 2-6 days after poisoning, characterized by acute liver and kidney failure and death. Clinical signs of toxic liver damage: increased bilirubin levels, AST and ALT activity, hypoglycemia, jaundice and coma appear only 2-3 days after poisoning.

Treatment and first aid for mushroom poisoning

The basis of treatment for mushroom poisoning is symptomatic therapy, correction of water and electrolyte disorders. Repeated use of activated carbon (0.5-1 g/kg every 2-4 hours) is indicated, which adsorbs toxins, interrupts their intestinal-hepatic circulation and increases the survival of experimental animals. There is insufficient data on the advisability of including most specific fungal antidotes in therapy. Benzylpenicillin may have a protective effect that is time- and dose-dependent and is due to the ability to displace a-amanitin from its binding to albumin, prevent its penetration into hepatocytes, bind free amatoxins, or prevent the binding of a-amanitin to RNA polymerase. Although the hepatoprotective effect of benzylpenicillin has not been sufficiently studied, it is recommended to use it at a dose of 1 million units/kg/day IV (this dose is considered safe and possibly effective). Silymarin is a 70-80% lipophilic extract from the fruit of milk thistle, containing isomers of three flavonoids: silibinin (50%), silicristin and silydianin. Silibinin prevents the penetration of amanitin into liver cells. Preparations containing it are sold in pharmacies and are apparently safe and well tolerated by patients with chronic diseases liver. But there is no evidence that it reduces mortality, improves histological findings or biochemical parameters in amatoxin poisoning. Despite this, silibinin is recommended to be taken at a dose of 20-50 mg/kg/day, although it is not approved by the FDA.

It is possible to use acetylcysteine, especially in case of liver failure. In the early stages of poisoning, hemosorption on activated carbon is indicated. In case of toxic liver dystrophy, liver transplantation is performed.

These mushrooms include common string, California string, brown string and autumn string. They are usually found in the spring under coniferous trees and are easily recognized by their brain-like fruiting body. They are often confused with the similar-looking edible morels (common morel).

The lines contain gyromitrin (methylformylhydrazone acetaldehyde), which upon hydrolysis dissociates into acetaldehyde and methylformylhydrazine. Subsequent hydrolysis produces monomethylhydrazine. The hydrazine group reacts with pyridoxine (the same as isoniazid), which leads to inhibition of enzymatic reactions in which pyridoxal phosphate serves as a coenzyme. In particular, the synthesis of the inhibitory transmitter GABA is blocked, which leads to epileptic seizures.

Symptoms of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms

The first symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear 5-10 hours after eating them. Signs of mushroom food poisoning occur - vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, weakness, diffuse muscle spasms. Typically, patients' condition improves quickly and they recover within a few days. Sometimes confusion, stupor, epileptic seizures and coma develop in the early stages of poisoning. Rarely, hepatorenal syndrome occurs.

Treatment of mushroom poisoning

In most cases, symptomatic therapy is sufficient. Activated carbon, 1 g/kg, is shown. For epileptic seizures, treatment begins with benzodiazepines; if they are ineffective, pyridoxine is prescribed, 70 mg/kg IV.

Symptoms of poisoning with mushrooms containing muscarine appear 30-120 minutes after consumption. They are caused by activation of peripheral M-cholinergic receptors and include bradycardia, miosis, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, and frequent urination. Muscarine has no effect central action, since, being a quaternary ammonium base, it does not pass through the blood-brain barrier. There is no effect on N-cholinergic receptors.

The effects of muscarine last longer than acetylcholine because, due to the lack of an ester linkage, muscarine is resistant to AChE.

Treatment and first aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms

Severe poisoning occurs rarely, so symptomatic therapy is usually limited. At severe poisoning atropine is used (adults: 1-2 mg, children: 0.02 mg/kg, minimum 0.1 mg IV slowly). If necessary, atropine is reintroduced until symptoms disappear.

Fungi of the genus Coprinus (dung beetle) contain the toxin coprine. Particularly famous is the ink dung beetle (Coprinus atramentarius), a temperate mushroom that grows in large groups in the grass in clearings in wooded areas. It received its name because of the peptidase-containing plates, which, due to autolysis, dissolve into an ink-colored liquid shortly after the mushroom is harvested (ripened). Coprine is an amino acid. Its metabolites (the primary metabolite 1-aminocyclopropanol, or, more likely, the secondary metabolite cyclopropanone hydrate formed in vivo as a result of hydrolysis) inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase. Within 48-72 hours after eating mushrooms, acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood, which leads to poisoning. When alcohol is consumed simultaneously with mushrooms, poisoning is more pronounced and develops faster.

Signs of mushroom poisoning

In a typical case, within 0.5-2 hours after taking ethanol, tachycardia, hot flashes, nausea and vomiting, characteristic of the antabuse reaction, occur. Symptoms are usually mild.

Treatment

Treatment is symptomatic and includes plenty of fluids and, if necessary, antiemetics.

Mushrooms containing ibotenic acid and muscimol

Most of the mushrooms in this group belong to the genus Amanita, including Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, and Amanita gemmata. These mushrooms grow solitarily in wooded areas throughout the area. In summer or autumn, they are easy to recognize by their bright red or yellowish-brown cap, which is usually seen on mushrooms in children's books.

These mushrooms have long been used in religious ceremonies. They contain small amounts of isoxazole derivatives ibotenic acid and muscimol. Ibotenic acid is similar in structure to the excitatory mediator glutamic acid. Muscimol is very close in spatial structure to GABA.

Symptoms of fly agaric poisoning

Most patients who develop symptoms of poisoning have deliberately consumed large quantities of mushrooms to experience their narcotic effects. Symptoms occur within 0.5-2 hours. An inhibitory effect on the central nervous system (GABA-like) is manifested by drowsiness, dizziness, hallucinations, dysphoria and delirium, and most often occurs in adults. The excitatory (glutamatergic) effect is manifested by myoclonus, epileptic seizures and others neurological symptoms and occurs more often in children.

Treatment of fly agaric poisoning

In most cases, symptomatic therapy is sufficient. When the central nervous system is excited, benzodiazepines are indicated.

These fungi include Psilocybe caerulescens, Psilocybe cubensis, Conocybe cyanopus, Panaeolus foenisecii, Gymnopilus pectabilis and Psathyrella foenisecii. Poisoning with them is very common due to the popularity of hallucinogens. Psilocybin is rapidly and completely hydrolyzed in vivo to psilocin. Serotonin, psilocin and psilocybin have very similar structures and act primarily at 5-HT2 receptors.

Symptoms of psilocybin mushroom poisoning

Within an hour after eating mushrooms, symptoms from the central nervous system may appear: ataxia, hyperkinesis, visual illusions or hallucinations. They reach a maximum after 4 hours. Some patients experience anxiety, tachycardia, tremor, agitation and mydriasis. Symptoms usually go away within 6-12 hours.

Treatment of psilocybin mushroom poisoning

Treatment of hallucinations due to mushroom poisoning is symptomatic. For uncontrollable agitation and anxiety, benzodiazepines are indicated.

Poisoning with mushrooms containing toxins that irritate the gastrointestinal tract

This is the largest group edible mushrooms. Their toxins are varied and poorly understood. Hundreds of varieties of mushrooms in this group can be classified as “little brown mushrooms.” Some types of poisonous mushrooms of the genus Boletus, Lactarius, Rhodophyllus, Tricholoma, as well as Omphalotus olearius, Chlorophyllum molybdites and Chlorophyllum esculentum ) are mistaken for being edible or hallucinogenic.

Clinical picture

The effect of toxins begins 0.5-3 hours after eating mushrooms. Epigastric pain, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea appear.

Treatment

Treatment is symptomatic and includes plenty of fluids and, if necessary, antiemetics. Symptoms of poisoning pass quickly, the prognosis is favorable.

Mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius (spider web) Cortinarius speciosissimus (beautiful spider web) and Cortinarius orellanus (mountain spider) are usually found in Europe, and Cortinarius rainierensis - in North America.

Clinical picture

The first symptoms appear 24-36 hours after eating mushrooms: chills, polydipsia, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower back and abdomen. Oliguric acute renal failure may develop within a few days. IN early period laboratory tests can only reveal hematuria, leukocyturia and proteinuria. As a result of the action of the toxin on the kidneys, interstitial nephritis develops with damage and early fibrosis of the tubules and relative preservation of the glomeruli.

Therapy

Treatment is exclusively symptomatic; hemodialysis is indicated only for acute renal failure. Most patients recover, but some may develop kidney dysfunction varying degrees gravity.

Poisoning with mushrooms containing aminohexadienoic acid

Poisoning with mushrooms of this species has been diagnosed relatively recently and is so far associated only with the consumption of the mushroom Amanita smithiana (Smith's fly agaric). In all cases, the poisonous mushroom was accidentally consumed instead of the very similar edible pine mushroom Tricholoma magnivelare (massive row, also known as matsutake). Smith's fly agaric contains two toxins: aminohexadienoic acid and C2-amino-4-pentinoic acid. In epithelial cultures renal tubules aminohexadisnic acid caused the same damage as in Smith's fly agaric poisoning.

Clinical picture of Amanita Smith poisoning

Symptoms appear 0.5-12 hours after eating the mushroom. Gastrointestinal symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, accompanied by malaise, sweating and dizziness. 4-6 days after poisoning, acute renal failure occurs with a significant increase in BUN and creatinine levels.

Treatment of Amanita Smith poisoning

There is no antidote for these nephrotoxins. The effectiveness of activated charcoal has not been proven, but it should be prescribed to all patients with suspected Smith's mushroom poisoning who are admitted with early symptoms of gastroenteritis. In severe renal failure, hemodialysis is indicated. Several of the patients described did not require hemodialysis; others underwent it 2-3 times a week for a month.

Poisoning with mushrooms containing myotoxins

12 people who consumed the yellow-green mushroom developed severe rhabdomyolysis over the next three days, which led to death in 3 of them. All 12 of them developed fatigue, muscle weakness, and myalgia 24-72 hours after eating mushrooms. On average, the maximum value of CPK activity in women was 226,067 IU/l, and in men - 34,786 IU/l. In some patients, CPK activity exceeded 500,000 IU/l. Electromyography revealed changes in muscle activity. Three victims developed respiratory failure, acute myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure and pulmonary failure. Autopsy revealed the same damage to the myocardium as to skeletal muscle.

Treatment

There is no antidote for poisoning with mushrooms containing. A high diuresis should be maintained to prevent renal failure due to myoglobinuria. Hemodialysis may be required.

Poisoning by unknown mushrooms

In most cases, the symptoms described above are sufficient to determine the type of toxin and the severity of the poisoning. For early symptoms, symptomatic therapy is usually carried out. The most dangerous mushrooms are the ones with symptoms of poisoning that appear within a few hours or days. Such mushrooms may contain amatoxins, gyromitrin or orellanine, and in these cases hospitalization, close observation, detoxification and, if possible, the administration of antidotes are necessary. This rule does not apply to Smith's fly agaric poisoning, but such cases are rare and limited to a certain region. You can also make a mistake when poisoning with several types of poisonous mushrooms, when symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract appear early and do not go away after 4-6 hours. In such cases, mushroom poisoning with delayed toxicity should be assumed.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon

Mushroom dishes are heavy, but satisfying and tasty food. Of these are holiday menu and replace meat with them during Lent. But the product is not considered safe. Mushroom poisoning is common, which is associated with the inability to recognize edible and inedible varieties by lovers of “silent hunting.”

The risk of poisoning from edible mushrooms increases if the crop is harvested in environmentally unfavorable areas. The product accumulates toxins from soil, air and water, which increases the risk of intoxication. Therefore, mushrooms are handled very carefully, especially if there are diseases of the digestive system. But even healthy man should not lean heavily on the product - it is consumed in moderation.

According to international classification diseases, code for fungal intoxication – T62.0. If a person is poisoned after consuming a spoiled but non-toxic product, they are assigned an ICD code - A05. Foodborne toxoinfections are encrypted in a similar way.

Causes

Poisonous mushrooms are dangerous. Inexperienced mushroom pickers often confuse the white mushroom with the false white mushroom. Due to the action of toxic substances, severe intoxication occurs, leading to death. The toadstool, for example, contains ammonites, which are considered the most toxic, but slow-acting. It also contains phalloidins and amanins. Inexperienced foragers may confuse toadstool with various varieties of russula and other types of edible varieties, such as greenflies.

What other mushrooms can cause poisoning?? Malaise occurs after eating poisonous mushrooms such as fly agarics and false mushrooms. The group of conditionally edible mushrooms includes milk mushrooms, row mushrooms, winter mushrooms, chanterelles, puffballs, gray-pink fly agaric, etc. They are not consumed raw. If prepared correctly, problems are eliminated.

Is it possible to get poisoned by edible species?? If you follow the rules for collecting mushrooms and do not eat old specimens collected near roadsides, then the risk is minimal. The causes of poisoning by edible mushrooms include intoxication of the product itself. The plant is capable of accumulating toxins - products with no less dangerous than poisonous varieties. In such cases, mass poisoning occurs with the collected mushrooms, because the product itself is edible and does not cause concern among mushroom pickers.

There is another reason why poisoning occurs with edible and high-quality mushrooms. We are talking about food poisoning, which happens when eating a stale product. When ingested by botulism bacillus, mushroom poisoning resembles dysentery and is accompanied by acute symptoms. Poisoning with salted and pickled mushrooms is more common due to non-compliance with storage rules. If canned jars are swollen, then re-preparing the marinade will not prevent the product from spoiling. For safety reasons, the blanks are thrown away.

It is less common to be poisoned by dry or frozen foods. Undercooked champignons collected from the forest are no less dangerous. The same applies to fried and stewed mushroom dishes.

Symptoms

After how many hours the signs of the disease appear depends on the cause of intoxication and the amount of food eaten. In case of mushroom poisoning, the state of health worsens within 24 hours. How long does it take for poisonous varieties to appear?? Fly agaric and talkative mushroom cause illness within the first hour - the symptoms of poisoning speak eloquently about eating poisonous foods.

The first signs of mushroom poisoning include:

attacks of nausea;
vomiting and diarrhea;
severe pain in the stomach;
increased sweating and increased body temperature;
blood streaks in stool.

How long it takes for mushroom poisoning to occur is determined by the amount of toxins that enter the body. If a person is poisoned by poisonous mushrooms, the victim’s condition rapidly deteriorates. Coma may develop due to mushroom poisoning. With intense nausea and vomiting, the body loses water, the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system deteriorates, and breathing problems occur.

How to recognize poisoning from poisonous mushrooms and not confuse it with manifestations of a food infection? The main signs and symptoms of common toxoinfection are limited to diarrhea and nausea. How long it takes for symptoms to appear depends on the type of pathogen. For example, symptoms and signs of E. coli infection appear within 48 hours. Such symptoms accompany poisoning with pickled or salted mushrooms.

The following symptoms are specific features of mushroom poisoning: worsening general health, in case of poisoning, dizziness appears and jaundice develops. The following symptoms are added: epigastric pain, difficulty urinating.

The first signs of poisoning with mushrooms and botulism bacillus are similar. Various symptoms - lacrimation, cold sweat, pupil dilation. How long the period of increasing symptoms lasts is determined by the individual characteristics of the body and the person’s age. Without medical help, collapse occurs.

First aid

Medical procedures for mushroom poisoning at home should be comprehensive. Regardless of the cause of intoxication, it is necessary to call ambulance. The doctor will select an antidote, and if this is not possible, provide emergency assistance to save the victim of mushroom poisoning.

What to do before the ambulance arrives if you are poisoned by mushrooms? Urgent gastric lavage will prevent possible complications of intoxication and protect the liver and kidneys from functional failure. Providing first aid for mushroom poisoning is carried out according to the same algorithm as the treatment of food infections. The patient is offered a weak solution of potassium permanganate in a volume of one and a half to two liters and.

This leaflet will tell you what to do in case of mushroom poisoning:

cleanse the stomach and intestines (if there is no diarrhea);
take sorbents - in case of poisoning, Enterosgel and activated carbon help well. Also when various forms poisoning use "Filtrum";
put the patient to bed and wrap him warmly, since feverish conditions are observed with mushroom poisoning;
provide plenty of fluids - first aid for poisoning, including mushrooms, involves rehydration with glucose-saline solutions.

Even experienced mushroom pickers do not know universal antidotes. Qualified medical care is mandatory, including mild flow diseases.

Treatment

If treatment at home does not bring results, then gastric lavage is performed. IN severe cases The assistance of an anesthesiologist-resuscitator may be required. Aggravating factors for mushroom poisoning include persistent abdominal pain, hypotension, and a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin. During pregnancy, the consequences of intoxication should be treated with increased caution and hormone control. The doctor relies on the symptoms of mushroom poisoning and selects the best medications.

In case of food poisoning, Enterofuril is prescribed; in case of fly agaric ingestion, atropine is given. Treatment for mushroom poisoning involves taking hepatoprotectors and diuretics.

In case of complications of intoxication, plasmapheresis is prescribed, and saline laxatives are indicated to speed up the elimination of toxins. The recovery period can reach several weeks, depending on the severity of the victim’s condition. Treatment in children with mushrooms takes longer. After the main symptoms are relieved, maintenance therapy is prescribed.

Nutrition

After poisoning, you should adjust your diet and create a diet to relieve intestinal tract and restore the functioning of the gastric glands. If you are poisoned, you will have to stick to the diet for a month. The nutritional system involves avoiding heavy foods and dairy products. During the first days, it is recommended to drink berry and fruit jelly, rosehip tea, weak broth or rice water.

You can’t eat legumes and canned food, and you’ll have to forget about pickled or fried mushrooms for a long time. The doctor will tell you what you can eat after poisoning - you should eat in small portions. For diarrhea and bloating, avoid fatty fish, caviar, barley and pearl barley, jam and sweets. During the rehabilitation period, they consume boiled and steam cutlets from vegetables and poultry. The emphasis in nutrition is on slimy soups.

Complications and consequences

The most terrible complication of mushroom poisoning is death. It is considered fatally dangerous - death occurs in 90% of all cases. The consequences of poisoning with poisonous or conditionally edible varieties include the development of functional failure of the liver and kidneys.

The consumption of toxic products by a pregnant woman leads to complications such as spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth. Severe consequences occur in children after mushroom poisoning. It is possible that mental development may be delayed; internal organs and systems of the body may suffer. If treatment is not carried out on time, coma or death develops.

About 4% of all poisonings occur due to the consumption of poisonous mushrooms. The causes of these poisonings lie in ignorance of these mushrooms and improper preparation. Exist mushroom classification depending on edibility:

1. Unconditionally edible include mushrooms prepared without additional processing (ceps, butter mushrooms, boletuses, fly mushrooms, champignons, etc.)

2. Conditionally edible mushrooms are mushrooms that must be pre-cooked or soaked in running water (before salting) before cooking. These include all mushrooms in which, when broken, milky juice flows out of the pulp, which has a burning taste (svinushki, volnushki, nigella, etc.), as well as mushrooms containing poisonous acids (strings). As a result of pre-treatment, poisonous and pungent substances contained in conditionally edible mushrooms are removed. If toxic substances are not removed, these mushrooms, like poisonous ones, can cause mild and severe poisoning. For stitches, drying for 3-4 weeks is also a reliable method of neutralization. Drying other mushrooms that contain a toxic substance does not eliminate their toxicity.

3. The group of inedible mushrooms includes both poisonous and non-poisonous, but extremely bad taste or a smell that prevents their consumption (chole fungus, pepper fungus, etc.). The number of poisonous mushrooms is relatively small. These include toadstool and fly agarics, the poison of which is not destroyed or removed during heat treatment or salting.

After collection, mushrooms must be immediately processed, and the shelf life of fresh mushrooms should not exceed 18-24 hours at a temperature not exceeding 10? C. It should be remembered that even the best and, of course, edible mushroom, if it is overripe, begins to rot on the vine, or has been left untreated for a long time, can become poisonous.

Prevention of poisoning of children in the forest is especially important. In case of mushroom poisoning, the gastrointestinal tract is primarily affected, which is clinically manifested by symptoms acute gastroenterocolitis and leads to more or less acute dehydration of the body.

Symptoms indicating mushroom poisoning

Damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Cramping abdominal pain, nausea, uncontrollable vomiting, frequent loose stools, sometimes 20-25 times a day. Toadstool poisoning is characterized by blood in the stool and colored vomit coffee grounds.

Damage to the central nervous system. It manifests itself differently, depending on the type of mushroom. For example, fly agaric gives hallucinations and motor stimulation. At first there is anxiety, and then lethargy and indifference. A transition to an unconscious state is possible.

Damage to the cardiovascular system. It is expressed in the form of a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate.

Liver and kidney damage depends on the type and quantity of mushrooms eaten. In the early stages, oliguria develops, that is, a decrease in the amount of urine. Then comes liver failure, which is characterized by brain damage and jaundice. Severe intoxication leads to hepatic coma. Kidney damage can lead to acute renal failure.

Four types of mushroom poisoning

TO Type I include poisoning with toadstool. This is the most poisonous mushroom. In case of poisoning, it is observed from 35 to 95% deaths. It is often confused with champignon, sometimes with russula. The poisons contained in the toadstool are not destroyed by high temperatures and acids, so boiling, pickling and other types of culinary processing do not free the mushrooms from their toxic properties. 30 mg of poison is enough to kill an adult.

The first signs of poisoning by toadstool appear quite late - after 8-18 hours, which is typical for this type of poisoning. arise headache, dizziness, disturbance of normal vision; At the same time, a rapidly occurring cholera-like gastroenterocolitis develops with uncontrollable vomiting and severe abdominal pain. Dehydration occurs: the patient feels intense thirst, weakness increases, loss of voice is observed, convulsions occur, especially in calf muscles. There is a thickening of the blood and a decrease in urine output up to the complete cessation of urination. Profuse sweat appears, the extremities become cold, their skin becomes bluish, the pulse becomes weak, the temperature drops to 36-35? C. After some time, the attacks disappear (for about two hours), but then resume again; the patient weakens and falls into oblivion. On the 2-3rd day, diarrhea and vomiting become less frequent. At this time, symptoms of hepatic-renal failure appear. The liver becomes enlarged and painful, and jaundice may occur. A comatose state develops, which is characterized by maximum dilation of the pupils, yellowing of the sclera, falling blood pressure.

REMEMBER! In case of poisoning with toadstool, treatment started later than 2-3 days is USELESS!

Co. Type II include fly agaric poisoning. The fly agaric is known to everyone for its white-speckled cap, but sometimes the cap has a different color, and, according to the color, the fly agaric is called porphyry, panther, yellow and white. The toxic substances in fly agaric are muscarine, mycoatropine, and fly poison.

The picture of fly agaric poisoning develops half an hour or 2-6 hours after its consumption. The victim is bothered by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, but not to such a severe degree as with toadstool poisoning. Appears profuse sweating, sometimes drooling, constriction of the pupils. In more severe cases of poisoning (due to damage to the central nervous system), severe shortness of breath appears, bronchial secretion increases, the pulse slows, and blood pressure drops. Excitement gives way to a state of depression, dizziness, confusion, delirium, hallucinations and coma develop. With late manifestations, poisoning is violent and sudden, it is expressed by a feeling of constriction of the throat, an attack of fear, thirst, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal phenomena, which seem to recede into the background, giving way in the clinical picture to a state similar to intoxication . There is delirium and fits of rabies. Clonic convulsions and other symptoms reminiscent of belladonna poisoning appear.

Mortality is observed in 2-3% of cases and occurs after 6-12 hours with large quantities of the mushroom eaten. Most often, the elderly and children, as well as people suffering from heart and kidney diseases, die.

TO III type Stitch poisoning applies. The lines appear in the forest in April-May, as soon as the snow melts. These mushrooms are similar to morels, only the surface of the lines is wavy-lobed, reminiscent Walnut or convolutions of the brain, with deep sinuses, light or dark brown. The pulp is brittle, with a pleasant mushroom smell. The leg is crimson or brown. Morels have a mesh-cellular surface. The toxic origin of the lines is helvelic acid, which is contained in mushrooms in an amount of 0.2-0.4%. However, the poison content in mushrooms may vary depending on the weather and time of collection; sometimes it is not enough to cause poisoning.

Helvelic acid has hemolytic properties. In addition, the lines contain another toxic substance that has neurotropic properties.

The first signs of stitch poisoning appear after 6-10 hours. The main symptoms of poisoning are: bad feeling, abdominal pain, nausea, turning into uncontrollable vomiting. Sometimes loose, frequent stools are observed, and at the same time a severe headache appears. In some cases, these phenomena are limited and the person recovers.

In severe cases with next day varying degrees of jaundice develop. The liver enlarges and becomes painful. Phenomena of hemolysis (jaundice) may develop, and when at least 20% of all red blood cells are destroyed, the poisoned person develops anemia, hemoglobinuria, and the urine becomes red-brown. Death occurs due to symptoms of cardiovascular failure on the 3-4th day of the disease. The fatality rate reaches 30%; children are especially sensitive to the poison.

In order to prevent poisoning, it is recommended to pre-boil the lines for 15 minutes, which causes the gelwellic acid to transform into a decoction. The broth is removed, the mushrooms are squeezed out, washed again, and then fried. It is not recommended to consume more than 200 g.

TO type IV include poisoning with false honey mushrooms and other mushrooms containing hot milky juice (volnushki, russula, svinushki, nigella, etc.). The picture of poisoning is approximately the same. The false honey fungus differs from the real one by its bright orange-yellow cap and thinner stumps. After consuming them, poisoning occurs within 1-6 hours and is expressed in weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, i.e. a picture of a strong gastrointestinal disorder, which lasts 1-2 days, and then recovery occurs.

Acute mushroom poisoning requires emergency care. Wherein great importance has general events.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

Removing poison from the body is achieved by inducing vomiting, which is necessary if there are large pieces of poisonous mushrooms in the stomach, since they cannot pass through the gastric tube during gastric lavage. At home, you can induce vomiting by taking table salt (1 tablespoon per glass of warm water) or mustard powder(1 teaspoon per glass of warm water). Another way to induce vomiting is to drink plenty of cool water and then press on the root of the tongue with your finger.

If the victim is semi-conscious or unconscious, vomiting should not be induced, as vomit may enter the respiratory tract.

Gastric lavage must be carried out, even 3-4 and 10-12 hours after poisoning. After gastric lavage, give activated carbon at the rate of 1-2 tablets per 1 kg of weight.

Mushroom poisoning is very dangerous. When eating poisonous varieties of mushrooms, symptoms can appear instantly and lead to rapid death. This article discusses how long it takes for mushroom poisoning to occur and what its first symptoms and signs are.

What mushrooms can cause poisoning?

The time it takes for the first symptoms and signs of poisoning to appear depends on the type of poisonous mushroom eaten. Usually, they develop within 1 day. You can be poisoned by both poisonous varieties of mushrooms and improperly prepared edible mushrooms, or collected in a contaminated area.

The most dangerous poisonous mushrooms include:

Death cap. After entering the stomach, its toxins are instantly absorbed into the bloodstream and damage the liver. The pale grebe contains dangerous toxic substances - phalloin, amanitin, phalloidin. Pale grebe can be randomly collected in August and early fall, during which time it matures.
Fly agarics (white, red, stinking) primarily affect the nervous system. They ripen from August to October. They are poisonous due to muscarine and hyoscyamine - the strongest poisons.
Talker (whitish, reddish). Poisoning by this mushroom is similar to intoxication caused by fly agaric. It also contains muscarine. Conversations negatively affect the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Gall and satanic mushrooms are very similar in appearance to porcini mushrooms. Due to such external similarity with the most popular edible mushroom, poisoning with them is very common. These mushrooms are found throughout Russia. They affect the digestive system.
Lines. Can lead to rapid death. Many people mistakenly consider them edible.

You can also be poisoned by any canned mushrooms that are contaminated with botulism.

How quickly do the first symptoms begin to appear?

How many hours later the first symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear depends on the type of mushroom and the amount eaten. The first signs of mushroom poisoning can develop after 20-30 minutes, or after a few hours.

Below we consider the time after which mushroom poisoning manifests itself, the symptoms and mechanisms of mushroom poisoning.

Poisoning with edible mushrooms

Edible types of mushrooms can cause food poisoning in the following cases:

If they were collected in a contaminated area.
If they have deteriorated and pathogenic bacteria have appeared in them.
In case of insufficient heat treatment of mushroom dishes.

What are the main signs of mushroom poisoning, and how long does it take for them to occur? Symptoms of food poisoning when eating low-quality edible mushrooms develop during the first day. The speed at which they appear depends on the amount eaten.

The main symptoms include:

Intoxication, in which body temperature can rise to subfebrile levels (37.0-37.5). A poisoned person develops general weakness and may have a headache.
Nausea and vomiting. Vomit contains food debris and may contain bile and stomach acid. Vomiting can be repeated, up to 10 times a day.
Diarrhea can occur up to 10-15 times a day.
Abdominal pain.
Increased gas formation.
Belching with a bitter taste.

This condition is dangerous due to the development of dehydration, which, due to profuse vomiting and diarrhea, can occur several hours after the first symptoms of poisoning appear. Main symptoms of dehydration:

Feeling of dry mouth.
Decreased tone of the eyeballs and skin.
Tachycardia.
Decreased blood pressure.
Decreased urine output.
With severe dehydration, consciousness is impaired.

Once in the stomach, the white toadstool toxins are absorbed into the blood. Once in the liver, they destroy hepatocytes (liver cells) and affect their structures. As a result, acute liver failure develops. In addition to liver destruction, toadstool toxins have the following effects on the body:

Affect the functioning of the central nervous system, destroy nerve cells and connections between them (synapses).
Lead to hypoglycemia - a sharp decrease in blood sugar levels.
Destroy small vessels(capillaries) that provide blood supply to the intestines.

Please note that toadstool is similar to champignons and russula, and when picking mushrooms, it can be accidentally picked.

How long does it take for the first manifestations of toadstool intoxication to appear? In most cases, the first symptoms can appear within an hour. They become most pronounced after 6-8 hours.

In 60-70% of cases, poisoning with toadstool is fatal. Even with timely medical care, it is not possible to save the patient.

The disease begins with the “classic” symptoms of poisoning: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. The patient develops severe gastroenteritis. Then the following symptoms develop:

Tachycardia – rapid heartbeat. The number of heart beats per minute can exceed up to 120-140.
Increase in body temperature to 38.0-39.5 degrees. Hyperthermia develops due to severe intoxication.
Dizziness. This symptom is the first sign of damage to the central nervous system.
Diarrhea becomes profuse, and stools may become dark.
Myalgia develops - pain in skeletal muscles.
Shortness of breath. The patient's breathing becomes frequent and shallow, and further develops respiratory failure.
Impaired consciousness. After a certain period of time (on average, after 10-12 hours), the patient, against the background of intoxication and multiple organ failure, becomes overwhelmed and falls into a coma. He may develop seizures throughout his body.

Death comes through short term, 1-2 days. Timely treatment can save the patient.

Fly agarics are very bright and cute to look at. A small child may eat them, mistaking them for sweets or candy.

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The first manifestation of fly agaric poisoning occurs after a very short period of time. During the first few hours after eating fly agaric, the nervous and digestive systems are damaged by toxins. The following symptoms develop:

Severe abdominal pain. First, the patient may feel a burning sensation in the stomach area, then the pain spreads throughout the abdomen.
Increased salivation and lacrimation are caused by the effect of muscarine on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Nausea and profuse vomiting, which does not bring relief. It is caused by damage to the vomiting center in the brain.
Profuse diarrhea. The stool is liquid and streaks of blood can be seen in it.
At the beginning of the disease, the patient is in an excited state, he does not find a place for himself, he is overactive. But after a few hours, he becomes lethargic and indifferent to everything.
Hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure.
Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat.
Impaired consciousness. The patient stops answering questions, responding to touch, and does not follow commands. He gradually slips into a comatose state. He may develop cramps throughout his body and involuntarily pass urine and feces.
Respiratory arrest and clinical death develop due to inhibition of vital centers in the brain.

Remember that fly agarics are dangerous and poisonous in any form. Preparing traditional medicines from them can lead to quick death.

Talker

The talker, in its composition, is similar to fly agarics. But quantity and concentration toxic substances in it tens of times higher. If you are poisoned by talkers, the first symptoms may develop within a few minutes.

A person poisoned by talkers develops the following symptoms:

The patient begins to sweat heavily, and begins to actively produce saliva and tears.
Slowing heart rate, breathing, lowering blood pressure.
Profuse vomiting and diarrhea, which lead to rapid development of dehydration.
Falling into a comatose state.

Satanic and gall mushrooms

These mushrooms are very similar to porcini mushrooms. A distinctive feature is the bright color of the stem and bitter taste. The first symptoms of poisoning develop after 2-3 hours, they consist of:

Stitches are very dangerous mushrooms. The toxins they contain can lead to the destruction of blood cells, liver and damage to the central nervous system. The first symptoms do not appear immediately, but 1-2 days after eating them.

TO clinical signs line poisonings include:

Yellowness of the mucous membranes and skin, general weakness develop due to hemolysis (disintegration) of red blood cells. Red blood cells are cells that transport oxygen throughout all organs and tissues of the body. With their breakdown, hemolytic anemia develops.
Suppression of the central nervous system. The patient may develop headaches and seizures. At severe defeat, loss of consciousness occurs and a coma occurs.

Many people believe that stitches, with sufficient heat treatment, become safe. The toxins contained in these mushrooms can be neutralized by prolonged cooking. But you shouldn’t risk your health, because it’s not always possible to calculate the required cooking time.

Canned mushroom poisoning

Botulism is one of the most serious foodborne infections. The bacteria that cause it develop in an environment without oxygen. Canned food is the most favorable environment for the development of botulism. Canned mushrooms are at risk of contracting botulism.

Symptoms of botulism may take a few days to appear. In severe cases, they develop several hours after eating contaminated food.

Characteristic symptoms for the first day of illness:

Abdominal pain.
Diarrhea.
Nausea and vomiting.

On the second day, the clinical picture changes dramatically, and the following clinical manifestations develop:

Constipation.
Increased gas formation in the large intestine.
Visual impairment. It becomes difficult for the patient to distinguish small objects and read; he feels fog and a veil before his eyes.
Ptosis is drooping eyelids.
Saliva stops secreting.
The face becomes like a mask - all its muscles are paralyzed.
The person cannot walk. All of his skeletal muscles are weakening.
Breathing problems.

Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning

All those poisoned by mushrooms are hospitalized in the toxicology department or in intensive care. There they receive medical care. To establish accurate diagnosis and identifying complications from different systems and organs, the patient, in parallel with treatment, undergoes a detailed examination of the body, which consists of the following methods:

A general blood test that helps identify anemia and hemolysis.
A general urine test is performed to detect kidney damage from fungal toxins.
Blood toxin test – this can detect some poisons.
A biochemical blood test is necessary to diagnose the functionality of the liver, pancreas and kidneys.
Ultrasonography internal organs.
Gastroscopy is indicated for the development of internal bleeding.
Blood saturation is measured to determine the oxygen content of the red blood cell. Using this study, hypoxia and respiratory failure can be determined.

Also, the mushroom dish itself, which the poisoned person ate, can be sent to the laboratory. And laboratory technicians determine the poison that caused the symptoms, after which doctors will select an antidote for it. So there is no need to rush to throw away the dish, put it separately in the refrigerator from other foods, and warn everyone at home about the danger.

Who develops symptoms of mushroom poisoning faster?

Some people may experience symptoms of mushroom poisoning much more quickly than others. These include:

Children. The gastric mucosa in children receives a better blood supply, and toxins and poisons are absorbed faster.
Pregnant women are more sensitive to poisoning. Their consumption of poisonous mushrooms in most cases leads to the death of the fetus.
Aged people. This group of the population has a weaker body and cannot resist the toxins that enter it.
People with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Due to the damaged stomach wall, poisons enter the bloodstream faster.
People who consumed mushrooms with alcoholic beverages. Some mushroom toxins are activated only under the influence of alcohol.

Mushroom poisoning can appear a few minutes or days after eating. The speed depends on the type of mushroom, the amount eaten and the method of preparation. You can also be poisoned by edible mushrooms, which were collected from contaminated areas. When intoxicated with them, the symptoms resemble ordinary food poisoning. Mushrooms are the most dangerous for pregnant women, as their poisons cause fetal death. And remember, it is better to avoid mushroom poisoning than to be treated for it later.

From the correctly rendered first first aid, the prognosis for the life of a person who has been poisoned by mushrooms depends. As mentioned above, symptoms can develop instantly. As soon as the first signs of mushroom poisoning appear, call an ambulance. Give the dispatcher your exact address and describe what happened.

Please note that poisoning with poisonous mushrooms should be suspected in anyone who has consumed mushroom dishes over the past 24 hours, and the cat began to experience any changes in the state of its body. Even a feeling of slight malaise may be the first sign of severe intoxication.

While the doctors are on their way to you, begin to help the poisoned person yourself. Below are the main actions you can take to help the patient:

Unbutton the patient's clothing that may interfere with free breathing (tie, shirt), open the windows for ventilation.
Give the person 1 liter of plain water to drink in one gulp and ask him to vomit. It is best to repeat this procedure several times. With the help of this cleansing of the body, you can remove the remnants of poisonous mushrooms, poisons and toxins from the stomach.
Give the patient an enema. Suitable for this purpose plain water room temperature. Adding any medications or herbs is prohibited. The enema should be done until the waters are clear.
Give the person sorbents, taking into account the dosage required for him. For example, when using activated carbon, 1 tablet is given per 10 kg of weight. That is, if a person weighs 70 kg, he will need 7 tablets.
Give the poisoned person drink still table water.

There is no need to throw away mushroom dishes that have poisoned a person; they may be needed in the future to resolve correct diagnosis and selection of treatment.

Treatment in hospital

The length of a patient's stay in a hospital depends on the degree of damage to his internal organs and the speed of their recovery.

Treatment for mushroom poisoning is very complex, as doctors have to cope with the pathologies of many systems. It consists of them:

Hemodialysis. A person connects to the device artificial kidney, through which all his blood passes and is cleansed of poison. The duration of such treatment is 2-3 days. With the development of acute renal failure - much longer.
Massive intravenous administration of solutions to combat dehydration.
Diets. In the first few days you can eat a limited amount of food (dried bread, liquid rice porridge, biscuits).
Enzyme preparations (Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin) that help restore the pancreas.

During development gastrointestinal bleeding, treatment is carried out surgically. The doctor enters the stomach with a gastroscope and places a clip on the bleeding vessel.

Treatment of botulism is carried out in the infectious diseases department. Patients are injected with anti-botulinum serum.

Prevention of poisoning

It is much easier to avoid mushroom poisoning than to treat it. Below are tips to help you select and prepare mushrooms:

Buy mushrooms only in trusted places, in supermarkets. Purchasing this product directly from mushroom pickers is dangerous.
When picking mushrooms yourself, pick only those fruits that you are 100% sure of. A large number of poisonous mushrooms look similar to edible ones, so if you are not well versed in them, take an experienced mushroom picker with you.
Do not collect mushrooms along highways or near industrial enterprises.
Carry out proper heat treatment of mushrooms, and under no circumstances eat them raw.
Do not combine consumption of mushrooms with alcoholic beverages.
Don't give mushrooms to children. This product is contraindicated for children under 12 years of age.
Throw away damaged or rotten mushroom fruits, as pathogenic bacteria can accumulate in them.
Eat mushroom dishes at a party with caution.

Mushroom poisoning is one of the most dangerous toxic lesions of the human body. Symptoms may appear within 20 minutes after eating them. If you suspect that a person has developed mushroom poisoning, you must immediately call an ambulance. You can't do it on your own at home. Treatment is carried out in the toxicology intensive care unit. You should not throw away mushroom dishes that have poisoned a person. With their help, in the laboratory, it is possible to determine the poison that caused damage to the body. Take collecting and preparing mushrooms seriously, because preventing poisoning is easier than treating it.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning can vary. Patients do not always experience only digestive disorders, because the toxins contained in these products can affect the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Because situations like this are considered very common, many people are looking for more information. What may be the symptoms and signs? After how many hours do the first “bells” appear? How to help a person in such a situation? What treatment methods does medicine offer? What are the consequences of poisoning? The answers to these questions are important.

Why does poisoning occur?

Poisoning is the result of eating poisonous mushrooms. Symptoms and disorders from various organ systems are associated with the fact that dangerous toxins contained in these products (muscarine, psilocybin, beocystin, phallocin) enter the body.

Improperly prepared foods also pose a potential threat. For example, it is quite possible to be poisoned by pickled mushrooms. The symptoms in this case may be less pronounced, but the person still needs help. It is worth remembering that these gifts of the forest can be stored raw for no longer than 18-24 hours (in the refrigerator). After this time, the mushrooms begin to rot, resulting in the formation of toxins, even if we are talking about edible products.

It is worth noting that the mushroom is a kind of sponge - dangerous substances from soil, water and air (for example, salts of heavy metals) accumulate in its body. That is why you should not collect them close railways, factories, chemical production.

Mushroom poisoning: how long does it take for symptoms to appear?

It's pretty popular product, which appears in every kitchen from time to time. And unfortunately, not every housewife can distinguish edible raw materials from potentially dangerous ones. What are the first symptoms and signs of mushroom poisoning? How long does it take for the first violations to appear?

In fact, it all depends on the type of toxin and the number of mushrooms eaten. For example, after a toadstool enters the human digestive system, the first signs appear after 5-6 hours, and after fly agarics, after 60 minutes. In any case, if poisoning occurs, it will manifest itself within the next 12 hours.

Mushroom poisoning: symptoms and signs

In the first few hours a person may feel quite normal. But as toxins spread throughout the body, the clinical picture becomes very character traits. What disorders can be observed with mushroom poisoning? Symptoms and signs in this case are varied:

First of all, as a rule, disorders of the digestive organs are observed. Poisoning is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting. Vomit often takes on the consistency and color of coffee grounds. Symptoms include cramping pain in a stomach. Frequent loose stools are observed - bowel movements sometimes occur 20-25 times a day. Blood may be present in the stool.
Toxins contained in mushrooms often affect the nervous system. For example, after eating fly agarics, motor agitation and hallucinations are often observed. The list of symptoms also includes lethargy, unexplained anxiety, and fainting.
Damage to the circulatory system is possible, which is accompanied by increased heart rate and a sharp decrease in blood pressure.
Symptoms indicating kidney and liver damage are often observed. Some patients notice a decrease in the amount of urine. The development of liver and kidney failure is possible.

As already mentioned, the clinical picture largely depends on the type of toxin entering the body. Toadstool is one of the most dangerous mushrooms today. The poison contained in it does not disintegrate during heat treatment and is insensitive to acids, so the product retains its properties even after preservation. According to research, 30 mg of poison is enough to kill a person.

The first symptoms of poisoning are severe headaches, sharp deterioration vision. Then severe, repeated vomiting and abdominal pain appear. Patients complain of weakness and increased thirst. Convulsions and loss of voice may occur. Severe dehydration leads to cessation of urine output. A person's skin becomes covered with sticky sweat, limbs become cold, body temperature drops to 35 degrees. The pulse is difficult to feel, and the skin becomes blue.

2-3 days after eating mushrooms, renal and hepatic failure develops. Poisoning often ends comatose state. The mortality rate is high - 90%.

Eating fly agarics: signs of poisoning

Fly agaric contains various dangerous substances, including fly venom, mycoatropine, and muscarine.

Symptoms of poisoning with this type of mushroom appear quickly - after 30-90 minutes. At first, you may experience abdominal pain, although not as intense as after eating toadstool. The list of symptoms also includes severe diarrhea and profuse vomiting. Maybe increased sweating, significant constriction of the pupils, drooling.

The toxins contained in fly agaric affect the nervous system. Observed sharp drop blood pressure, activation of secretion in the bronchi, breathing problems. Excitement is replaced by dizziness, a feeling of depression, delirium, hallucinations, and inexplicable attacks of aggression. If the patient was not provided timely assistance, possibly comatose

It is worth noting that children, elderly people, and patients with weak hearts and kidney diseases often die from such poisoning.

Stitch poisoning

These small mushrooms with tortuous caps, brittle flesh and a pleasant smell are the source of many poisons, including helvella acid and some neurotoxins.

The first signs appear after about 6-10 hours. Patients suffer from severe nausea, general deterioration in health, abdominal pain. As the toxins spread, uncontrollable vomiting and severe headaches appear. Some people also suffer from frequent bowel movements.

In case of severe poisoning, the patient develops jaundice of varying severity. At the same time, the volume of the liver increases, palpation in the area of the right hypochondrium is accompanied by pain. Helwellic acid has hemolytic properties - it destroys red blood cells, resulting in anemia. If left untreated, poisoning can result in the development of cardiovascular failure.

Poisoning with conditionally edible mushrooms: features of the clinical picture

If we are talking about eating false mushrooms, false nigella and other mushrooms with burning milky juice, then the symptoms of poisoning are not so pronounced. People suffer from cutting pain in the abdomen. Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting appear. Weakness and drowsiness may occur.

It is worth noting that poisoning with these types of mushrooms is not so dangerous. As a rule, symptoms disappear on their own after 1-2 days. Nevertheless, you still need to see a doctor - you cannot risk your health.

First aid

You already know what the symptoms of mushroom poisoning can be and how long it takes for them to make themselves known. If you suspect intoxication of the body or when the first signs appear, you should urgently call a doctor. Under no circumstances should symptoms be ignored. As food is digested, everything enters the human blood large quantity toxins.

There are some things you can do yourself. It's worth trying to flush your stomach. This is not so difficult to do at home - a person needs to drink at least 1.5 liters of warm liquid in small sips. This procedure will help induce vomiting (to quickly achieve the effect, you just need to press your fingers on the root of the tongue). Instead of water, a weak solution of potassium permanganate is sometimes used.

Elderly people, patients with hypo- and hypertension, and pregnant women should not induce vomiting. Until the doctor arrives, the patient should continue to be given non-carbonated mineral water. Eating food, as well as any medications (for example, antiemetics, anti-inflammatory, painkillers) is contraindicated.

What should you not do?

If a person has symptoms of mushroom poisoning, he needs help (recommendations were described above). But there are things that cannot be done. For example, if the patient is unconscious or semi-conscious, you should not try to induce vomiting, as the vomit may enter the respiratory tract.

Contrary to popular belief that toxins can be neutralized and/or removed from the body with alcohol, drinking alcoholic beverages is contraindicated in this case. You cannot ignore the symptoms, self-medicate and hope that the disorders will disappear on their own - it is very important to see a doctor immediately, because the consequences of poisoning can be terrible.

Drug treatment

Therapy in a hospital setting directly depends on what symptoms of mushroom poisoning the patient has. The type of toxin that has entered the body, the time that has passed since its use, as well as the general condition of the patient are taken into account.

First of all, gastric lavage is carried out - this will help cleanse the digestive system of the remnants of mushrooms and toxins present there.
In addition, patients are prescribed sorbents in the first few days, in particular “ White coal", "Enterosgel", "Smectu". These drugs help bind, neutralize and remove toxic substances from the body.
If the patient does not have symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, the doctor may prescribe laxatives - this will help to quickly clear the intestines of residues dangerous food.
Subsequently, symptomatic therapy is carried out. If respiratory arrest occurs, patients are given drugs containing atropine.
In the presence of an inflammatory process and severe fever, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, Paracetamol or Ibuprofen, is indicated.
Vomiting and diarrhea are accompanied by fluid loss, which can lead to dehydration. In order to provide the body with water and the necessary salts, Regidron and other solutions of similar action are administered intravenously.
If we are talking about poisoning the most dangerous species mushrooms, sometimes the patient requires a blood transfusion, intravenous administration glucose and insulin, hemodialysis to cleanse the blood of toxins.

These are the therapeutic measures that are possible for mushroom poisoning. Symptoms and treatment, as often happens in medical practice, closely connected. Therefore, the doctor needs to describe his condition in as much detail as possible (or, if the patient does not have such an opportunity, this should be done by relatives).

Recovery period

If the symptoms of mushroom poisoning have been eliminated, then in the first few days (and sometimes weeks) the patient will need time to recover. Recommended bed rest, minimum physical activity.

An extremely important point is diet. The body must receive enough nutrients, but at the same time, the food must be easily digested and absorbed. The diet includes light soups, boiled or stewed vegetables (necessarily chopped, preferably in the form of puree), and some fruits. Gradually, other dishes can be added to the menu. But you need to give up alcohol, smoked foods, fatty, fried and spicy foods.

Prevention: what you need to know?

You already know what the main symptoms and signs of mushroom poisoning are. It is much better to try to protect yourself than to deal with the consequences of intoxication later. Specific means There is no way to protect against poisoning, nor is there a sure way to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones. Therefore, experts recommend adhering to several rules:

Never pick or buy mushrooms unless you are sure they are safe.
You should not taste raw mushrooms unless you are absolutely sure that they are edible.
The collected products must be thoroughly washed and cleaned.
Follow the technology for preparing mushrooms (some varieties need to be boiled several times).
Remember that such products cannot be stored raw for longer than 18-24 hours.
You should not collect mushrooms that grow in environmentally polluted areas, near industries, factories or roadways.

Consequences of poisoning and prognosis

You already know what problems eating poisonous mushrooms can lead to. Symptoms of poisoning, first aid, treatment methods in a hospital setting - this is, of course, important information. It is worth noting that if the patient was taken to the hospital on time, received adequate care and underwent a course of appropriate treatment, then the likelihood of a full recovery is very high.

Unfortunately, delay in this case is really like death. Toxins contained in mushrooms sometimes quickly spread throughout the body, affecting certain systems. In severe cases, the kidneys and liver are so damaged that they cannot be restored normal functioning almost impossible - patients require a transplant. Fly agaric poisoning leads to human death in approximately 50% of cases. Probability fatal outcome after eating toadstool, it is even higher - up to 90%.

That is why it is worthwhile to take the selection and preparation of forest products with all possible responsibility. If you notice the first symptoms of mushroom poisoning, you should immediately call an ambulance.