What to eat for constipation. Nutritional rules for defecation disorders in children. What to eat at different times of the day for constipation

Constipation is the absence of bowel movements for a day or more, the presence of pain during bowel movements. This problem is especially acute after 45 years of age and slows down. To solve the problem, first of all you need proper diet. The main share in the diet should be plant fiber. Proteins, fats and salt are limited.

• Do not fry in preparation, only bake without crust, in foil or a sleeve, or boil;
• With (syndrome lazy bowel) there is no need to chop food, it is better to cook it in pieces, this way peristalsis is stimulated; in case of spasticity, on the contrary, food should be mushy so as not to injure the intestinal walls;
• Food should be warm, as it is hot or cold food takes longer to digest and complicates bowel function;
• Fractional meals in small portions;
• Drink plenty and avoid alcohol, since liquid is needed to soften stool, and alcohol removes it too quickly;
• It is best to drink water, it makes defecation easier;
• The main components of the diet are carbohydrates.

What can you eat if you are constipated?

As already mentioned, the basis of nutrition should be fiber. You should also eat foods rich in potassium and magnesium. Play a big role dairy products.

• Vegetable dishes should be consumed every day - soups, stews, salads seasoned with vegetable oils; Boiled carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, and cucumbers go especially well;
• Fruits - ripe plums, pears, figs come first; in winter - dried figs, prunes - they need to be soaked in warm water, after swelling, eat on an empty stomach, and drink the water in which they were soaked;
• Porridge – not viscous, crumbly;
• Low-fat meat and fish, cooking methods without frying or crusting; seafood, as well as good results gives seaweed and seaweed, which are very rich in fiber;
• Fermented milk products – fresh, better – homemade, since daily kefir is almost impossible to find in the store; at the pharmacy, purchase starter cultures such as “Acidophilus”, “Narine” and prepare kefir yourself;
• Another one useful supplement– add crumbly bran to porridge, let it swell a little;
• Coarse bread products with bran.

What not to eat during constipation.

You should not eat foods that cause flatulence or fermentation in the intestines.

Starchy foods make constipation worse. You should also avoid products containing tannin - this is an astringent tannin found in tea, cocoa, pomegranate, persimmon, eucalyptus, bird cherry, and oak bark. The list of foods that should be avoided or limited for constipation includes:

• Fresh baked goods;
• Fatty meat and fish;
• Fatty broths;
• Viscous porridges - rice and semolina, white rice has a lot of starch;
• Legumes - beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils;
• Potatoes – limited;
• Kiseli, strong black tea;
• Chocolate, marshmallows, jelly, marshmallows;
• Dishes made from boiled dough - dumplings, dumplings, pasta;
• Quince, barberry, blueberry;
• Spicy seasonings and root vegetables;
• Mushrooms, hard-boiled eggs;
• Alcohol.

By following a diet, you can overcome constipation, bloating and abdominal pain. If you turn a blind eye to the problem and fight it periodically with laxatives or enemas, you can end up with hemorrhoids, intestinal obstruction, and inflammation of the colon. In the worst case, a malignant tumor may form.

Constipation is considered both medical and social problem many people. In some cases it does not need medicinal correction and goes away on its own. Plays a key role in correcting the problem proper nutrition and lifestyle.

Obstipation is considered a disease in the international classification. The World Organization of Gastroenterologists, on the contrary, considers it a symptom.

Obstipation is difficult, delayed bowel movement. It can manifest itself both in isolated cases and have chronic nature. It is considered normal to have bowel movements from 3 times a day to 3 times a week. If defecation does not occur within 72 hours, we can talk about the presence of constipation. The condition is also characterized by a small amount of feces and its density.

The symptom may be accompanied by the following signs:

Symptoms may also be accompanied by flatulence, abdominal pain, and bloating in the intestines.

The main causes of stool retention

Highlight following reasons constipation:

• poor nutrition for constipation;
• sedentary lifestyle life;
• hormonal disorders;
• diseases of the anal area (,);
• nervous overstrain and stress;
• intestinal diseases;
• abuse of laxatives and other medications;
• insufficient fluid intake.

The reasons for delayed bowel movements may be different character. The most common is an incorrectly composed diet, low consumption of healthy foods. IN similar cases Without chronic condition treatment is carried out by correcting nutrition and daily routine.

How food can cause delay

Proper nutrition naturally improves peristalsis, facilitates the movement of stool and liquefies it.

Incorrect, on the contrary, can cause constipation.

The human diet is poor in plant fibers and fiber. It is dominated by animal fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

They reduce the tone of the intestinal muscles and prevent the movement of feces, promoting fermentation.

Fibers and cellulose stimulate peristalsis and significantly improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They are found in rye bread, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Introduction to diet dietary fiber helps increase the amount of feces and stimulate bowel function.

Note! Dietary fiber refers to plant foods that are resistant to the influence of digestive juices.

What foods cause problems with stool?

Factors that provoke fecal stagnation include flour and fried foods, alcohol and astringent foods. They slow down the functioning of the intestinal muscles, and can cause discomfort, increased flatulence and bloating.

The body's reaction to fixing foods is different, so the diet is selected individually.

Fried pies, semi-finished products, dishes instant cooking Contraindicated for people with stool retention. Excessive use meat leads to stagnation of feces in the intestines. Eating potatoes, pasta and rice may aggravate the situation. Fresh baked goods reduce peristalsis, which leads to delayed bowel movements. It is worth abstaining from corn - hard shell grains are difficult to digest.

Fatty food slows down digestion and hardens stool. This also applies to sweets - sweets and chocolate should be avoided for a while if you have constipation.

Excessive consumption of drinks containing caffeine leads to disruption of the normal rhythm of the intestines.

Delays are caused by foods containing starch - they take longer to digest.

Eating beans for spastic constipation is not recommended, but for atonic constipation it is allowed.

Causes defecation delay: smoked meats, spicy dishes, onions and garlic, strong coffee, tea, baked goods made from premium flour, chocolate, fatty meats, mushrooms, red wine, semolina, noodles, potatoes, pizza, overconsumption sweet.

Product combinations

Diet components with a fixing effect:

• coffee or tea with sandwiches– caffeine prevents food from being digested;
• melon and wine– such a combination significantly consolidates feces, since both components are difficult for the gastrointestinal tract;
• nuts and baked goods– take a long time to digest, in combination with each other the effect doubles;
• cocoa and nuts– such a combination promotes consolidation;
• pasta and meat– a double combination that has a fixing effect,
• burgers and sodas– a harmful combination that can also cause irritation of the intestinal walls;
• coffee and ice cream– have a fixing effect, and temperature changes have a bad effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Product combinations with a laxative effect:

• lemon and orange– common laxative products for constipation;
• vegetables and vegetable oil– good combination with double effectiveness;
• cottage cheese and dried fruits– a combination that provides the intestines with beneficial bacteria;
• strawberries with sour cream– both tasty and healthy food for the intestines;
• bran bread and porridge– will replenish the body in the proper amount with coarse fiber, which has an anti-constipation effect;
• vegetarian food– rich in plant fibers and fiber.

What to eat to avoid constipation

Fermented milk food has positive influence for the work of the gastrointestinal tract. Coarse bread does not promote fermentation and helps in quick cleanup. Due to their high fiber content, fruits and vegetables are considered a reliable helper for constipation.

What laxative fruits can you eat for constipation?

• citrus– lemons, oranges, kiwi;
• apples– has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• plums– has a double effect;
• grape– rich in glucose.

Water would be a good addition. It promotes the rapid movement of feces through the intestines.

What foods are good for constipation:

• soups with high content vegetables;
• buckwheat, oatmeal, pearl barley porridge;
• fresh fruits and vegetables;
• dried fruits – figs, dried apricots;
• juices – apple, orange, carrot, tomato;
• dairy products - yogurt, cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir;
• adding vegetable oils to the diet;
• use butter.

Neutral food for constipation: steamed cheese, meat, peeled vegetables and fruits (blended), eggs and fish, wheat bread, oatmeal cookies.

Natural laxatives in the diet

For constipation, laxative products will be an alternative medicines. You should pay attention to those that contain fiber. The most effective natural laxative for constipation is bran bread. The next most effective are vegetables and fruits, followed by dairy products.

What foods help with constipation (rating):

1. Bran bread, vegetables– tomatoes, pumpkin, beets, carrots, cabbage;
2. Fruits– apples, plums, citrus fruits;
3. Dairy– cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, yoghurts;
4. Dried fruits– figs, prunes, dried apricots;
5. Vegetable oils– olive, flaxseed, sunflower.

Four important rules

In order for the stool to be normal, it is necessary to adhere to four basic principles:

1. Regularity– the body begins to produce juices at the same time in the right quantities, which improves digestion and prevents stagnation of feces.
2. Caution– correct and careful selection of diet.
3. Gradualism– the principle of smooth introduction of new dishes.
4. Moderation– food must be consumed without overeating (overeating) in small portions.

For clarity, it is recommended to keep a food diary.. It is necessary to note the food consumed, the time of consumption, and the time of emptying. This will allow you to control and correct the current situation. Pregnant women should especially carefully select anti-constipation products.

Important! Don't eat too hot food. It can cause intestinal spasms, which is one of the reasons for fecal retention.

Sample menu

Developed by doctors special diet which helps solve the problem. Its goal is to restore motor skills and promote normal fecal movement.

Diet No. 3 will tell you how to eat properly to avoid constipation. The best option: eat 4-6 times in small portions.

Before your morning appointment (20 minutes before) drink a glass of warm water with the addition of a spoon of honey.

An approximate menu for defecation delays looks like this:

• first breakfast for constipation, it should contain a sufficient amount of fiber: vegetable salad with spices and dressing olive oil, bran bread, steamed omelette, weak tea and crackers;
• lunch: apple and plums;
• dinner: vegetarian soup with sour cream sauce, baked chicken with vinaigrette, dried fruit compote, a slice of bran bread;
• dinner: buckwheat, cutlet, slice of bread, fresh tomato, weak tea, prunes with honey;
• second dinner: fermented baked milk or yogurt.

Actual question: Is it possible to drink milk if you are constipated? Doctors recommend consuming a low-fat product.

Conclusion

Obstipation is very delicate and actual topic for many people. Information about a suitable diet, acceptable and unacceptable foods on the menu will help in difficult times.

Proper nutrition for constipation reduces the development of bowel problems by 80%.

Proper nutrition for constipation is one of the main factors in getting rid of this disease. Therapeutic gymnastics for constipation also plays an important role - a complex special exercises will help alleviate suffering and normalize stool. Using laxative recipes made from dried fruits, bran, vegetables and herbs, you don’t have to resort to medications and forget for a long time what constipation is.

Constipation is defined as having bowel movements less than once a day.

Constipation is a consequence of many acute and chronic diseases. Hence the many means that are recommended for their elimination.

Let’s not say that you can’t eat if you have acute constipation, which most often occurs with acute infectious diseases or in case of myocardial infarction - it is clear that in these cases it is required emergency treatment underlying disease. But about the nutrition of adults with constipation, which develops as a result of improper, poor-quality nutrition; with neurogenic constipation, most often caused by mental trauma; with inflammatory constipation that appears due to enterocolitis, colitis, proctitis, paraproctitis, as well as constipation resulting from gastritis (usually with low acidity), almost everyone needs to know. The same applies to gymnastics for constipation - a complex preventive exercises simple and accessible to everyone.

Foods for constipation in adults

Firstly, you should know which foods reduce intestinal motility and thereby lead to constipation. These are enveloping rice and barley decoctions, jelly with potato flour, fresh white bread, pies, other flour dishes, especially hot, stringy meats, cocoa, red wines, hot drinks (tea, coffee, even plain water) and, of course, dry eating.

Scroll the right products nutrition for constipation, which increases intestinal motility, is as follows:

• everything cold, especially milk, ice cream, kvass;
• salt and salty foods;
• honey; dairy dishes;
• rough plant food: Rye bread, peeled fruits, vegetables with solid fiber (especially beets, turnips);
• (especially plums, apricots, cherries, currants), dried apricots, prunes;
• sorrel and lettuce;
• cabbage.

Also, food for constipation may include white dry wine, but red is contraindicated.

Therapeutic exercises for constipation

Since chronic constipation can also develop from a sedentary lifestyle, it is necessary to do two types of exercises:

1. Exercises therapeutic exercises for constipation, which is performed while lying in bed: while lying down, raise and lower your upper body without leaning on your hands - slowly do this 20 times.

2. Gymnastics for constipation while standing: put your hands on your hips, squat down and get up - slowly do this 30 times.

In addition, in the morning, while still lying in bed, you can give yourself this massage: wrap your hand right hand with a wet, cold cloth (it should be wrung out well) and move it, without pressing too hard, along right side abdomen from bottom to top, to the rib, 5-10 times. Then massage the left side of your abdomen from top to bottom with your left hand (also wrapped in a wet cloth) - this way you will push feces from the large intestine into the rectum. Repeat the hand movements several times.

Folk remedies: homemade recipes for constipation

Constipation can be treated folk remedies: homemade recipes for constipation are simple and easy to prepare:

1. In the morning on an empty stomach you can eat 1-2 fresh or dried apricots(peach).

2. Drink 2 glasses of water with 1 teaspoon of soda in the morning on an empty stomach.

3. Eat 2 raw apples with peel on an empty stomach.

4. In the morning, 2 hours before breakfast, dilute wheat bran (2 heaping teaspoons) in 2 cups of boiling water, let it swell well and eat it like porridge.

5. Beetroot, celery and spinach juices, warm cabbage brine, red currant juice, and aloe leaves have a laxative effect.

6. Should be eaten regularly.

7. Before going to bed, it’s a good idea to drink a cup of non-hot infusion of peeled rose hips or eat 2 oranges.

8. Eat 1-2 rhubarb rhizomes 2-3 times a week.

9. Systematically consume a little fresh onion before meals (or 1 teaspoon of its squeezed juice 3 times a day).

10. Effective recipe for constipation: steep 1 tablespoon of dried burdock roots in 2 cups of boiling water for 2 hours. Take this hot infusion half a glass 2-4 times a day.

11. Another recipe for a laxative decoction: boil 1 tablespoon of buckthorn laxative in 1 glass of water, leave the decoction for 2 hours, then strain. Take half a glass at night.

12. For chronic constipation due to gastritis and with increased gas formation, you can take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day, a mixture of 100 g of honey and 100 g of aloe infused for 3 hours (more precisely, its juice, squeezed only from thick leaves).

For those who want to get rid of constipation only with the help pharmaceutical drugs, we can recommend regulax (1 cube in the evening, before bed), kafiol (half or a whole briquette at night), forlax (dissolve 2 sachets in 0.5 liters of water and drink at night), and also rectal suppositories bisacodyl.

Attention!

For constipation accompanied by severe dizziness and severe abdominal pain, you should consult a doctor immediately!

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Daily bowel movement (every day in the morning) is the norm, and deviations from this rule - or coprostasis - stool retention for more than 2 days or regular difficult bowel movements with the release of up to 100 g of feces. However, we can proceed from the general condition of a person - if he does not experience discomfort in the absence of daily bowel cleansing, then the frequency of stool once every 2 days can be considered normal. Still worth a try various ways to normalize intestinal function.

Difficulty emptying often occurs with intestinal diseases (cracks, dolichosigma , megasigma ), stomach, liver. In this case, the motor function of the colon is impaired. Slowing down the passage of contents occurs according to a spastic or atonic (hypomotor) mechanism.

With spastic coprostasis, peristalsis is enhanced due to retrograde (unnatural) peristaltic waves, and the intestinal lumen narrows. As a result of the significant increase muscle tone Intestinal obstruction may develop. It begins with a sharp, cramping pain in the abdomen, which gradually increases and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Constipation and gas formation occur. After some time, the contents of the intestines enter the stomach and the vomit acquires an unpleasant smell of feces. The abdomen has an irregular shape and bloating rapidly increases. Atonic coprostasis occurs 2 times less often and dominates in older patients and in some cases complete intestinal atony manifests itself.

In the absence of diseases, irregular bowel movements are caused by:

• Lack of raw vegetables and fruits, coarse fiber (brown bread and cereals) in the diet, which deprives the body of peristalsis pathogens. Animal fats and proteins do not force the colon to “work” and lead to intestinal atony. Eating sandwiches, hamburgers “on the run” and the absence of first courses in the diet is also of no small importance.
• Lack of fluid.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Regular control of urges.
• Starvation. Defecation in the first days of fasting can be regular, and then intestinal activity is absent to one degree or another. After fasting, due to prolonged retention of feces in the intestines, it becomes hard and peristalsis is sluggish, which makes it difficult to empty it.
• A change of scenery.
• Prolonged stress.

When starting treatment, you need to find out the cause of constipation and, first of all, try to eliminate it with nutrition. If there is no bowel movement for 2-3 days, and eating laxative foods does not help, you need to cleanse the intestines by doing a 1-liter enema. To prevent feces from injuring the mucous membrane, add 2-3 tbsp to the water. l. vegetable oil. The water temperature should be room temperature and not necessarily boiled. After this, you need to start eating right.

What diet is prescribed for chronic colitis with constipation and what goals does it pursue? For colitis without exacerbation, it is indicated, which allows you to normalize impaired intestinal function. It is a physiologically complete diet with a predominance of dietary fiber - vegetables, fruits, dried fruits, cereals. The diet includes cold first courses and sweet dishes. At the same time, products that increase fermentation and rotting (fried foods) are excluded.

Food is prepared in uncut form, boiled or baked. Vegetables are recommended mainly raw and some of them boiled. Eating 4-5 times a day. It is important to maintain a drinking regime - 1.5-2 liters of fluid per day. This is explained by the fact that when there is a lack of fluid in the sigmoid colon, water is absorbed from the feces and they become hard, which makes it difficult for them to pass through the anal canal.

Diet for constipation in adults

Nutrition for constipation in adults associated with intestinal atony is aimed at enhancing its peristalsis. Thus, a laxative diet includes foods that relieve constipation.

Diet for constipation in older people. Such products include:

• Rich in sugars - jam, cane sugar, syrups, honey, milk sugar, dextrose, mannitol, levulose, sweet dishes. They attract fluid into the intestines and thin the stool.
• Containing salt - salted fish, salted vegetables, canned snack foods.
• With a high content of organic acids - pickled and pickled vegetables, sour fruits and juices from them, fermented milk drinks, fruit drinks, which stimulate peristalsis.
• Rich in dietary fiber - bran, legumes, dried fruits, nuts, wholemeal bread, millet, barley, buckwheat, pearl barley, oatmeal, raw vegetables.
• Meat with a high content of connective tissue.
• Drinks containing carbon dioxide.
• Fats consumed on an empty stomach large quantities(1-2 tbsp), sour cream and cream (100 g or more), egg yolks.
• Cold dishes (150 C), consumed on an empty stomach or for lunch - okroshka, beetroot soup, cold jellied dishes, as well as all cold drinks and ice cream. It is the difference in body temperature and the product taken that is the main factor in stimulating peristalsis.
• Kumis and kvass, which have a double effect: due to the content of organic acids and carbon dioxide.
• Fiber, bran and seaweed tend to swell in the intestines and attract water.
• Sauerkraut is a source of organic acids and fiber.

In parallel with this, it is necessary to exclude foods that delay bowel emptying: black coffee, strong tea, cocoa, chocolate, soft cheeses, lingonberries, blueberries, dogwood, pomegranate, pears, slimy soups, pasta, jelly, hot dishes, red wine. This general principles nutrition for constipation in adults. When choosing a diet, you should consider accompanying illnesses digestive system:

• If constipation occurs against the background of exacerbation of chronic intestinal diseases, a gentle one is first prescribed, and then. They exclude coarse fiber and mild peristalsis stimulants are included (cold sweet drinks on an empty stomach, vegetable juices, beetroot, plum, carrot, cauliflower puree with the addition of vegetable oil, baked apples, kefir).
• For liver diseases with constipation, it is indicated, but with an increase in dietary fiber and magnesium (buckwheat, pearl barley, oatmeal, bran and grain bread, millet, vegetable and fruit juices, natural vegetables, fruits, honey).
• If there is constipation, the main therapeutic nutrition will be with an increase in vegetables, but always boiled (carrots, beets, zucchini), in the form of puree or finely chopped, well-cooked dried fruits and vegetable oil are also included.

Among the main causes of this type of colitis are prolonged stress, neurogenic factors, overwork and hormonal imbalance. In this regard, it is more often observed in women, due to cyclical fluctuations hormonal balance, pregnancy and childbirth. For spastic constipation, which is associated with increased excitability of the intestines, it is necessary, on the contrary, to limit foods rich in fiber - a few boiled and pureed raw vegetables are allowed. Meals are divided into many times and eaten in small portions; overeating is not allowed.

Constipation is common in pregnant women, especially in the second half, which is due to the fact that the intestines are compressed by the enlarged uterus, peristalsis becomes sluggish and emptying becomes difficult. Constipation is to some extent caused by the psychological state of the pregnant woman. Dietary recommendations do not differ from the basic recommendations for atonic intestinal conditions.

The diet includes:

• Zucchini, beets, fresh cabbage (in the absence of flatulence), carrots, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes, apples, oranges, bran bread, beetroot soup, sauerkraut soup.
• Fresh kefir and kvass have a laxative effect.
• Prunes are consumed as an infusion: 100 g is poured with 2 cups of boiling water and left for 12 hours (overnight). Over the next day, drink 0.5 cups of infusion before each meal and eat plums, dividing them into several meals.

It is not uncommon to experience constipation and flatulence at the same time.

Diet for constipation and bloating

Nutritional flatulence occurs when consuming foods high in starch and crude fiber (legumes, potatoes, cabbage, radishes, turnips, yeast baked goods, brown bread, grapes, raisins, bananas), carbonated drinks, sweets, and therefore these foods should be excluded if bloated from the diet. Eating large amounts of animal protein at night also causes flatulence. Underdigested proteins cause rotting processes and gas formation in the intestines.

They don't call flatulence:

• dried wheat bread;
• carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, beets, greens;
• lean meat;
• cereals (except millet and pearl barley);
• steam omelette;
• green tea, natural juices(orange, lemon, apple);
• dairy products;
• prunes, apricots, pomegranates.

The following food rules will help significantly reduce bloating.

• Before eating, drink 2 tbsp. l. decoction of dill seeds.
• Small and frequent meals so as not to overload the gastrointestinal tract.
• Do not consume incompatible foods at the same time - carbohydrates and proteins, as well as dissimilar proteins. It is better if the dishes include a minimum set of products. Periodically arrange unloading with mono-diets.
• Consume fruits 2 hours after the main meal.
• Consumption of heat-treated vegetables and fruits. Such processing promotes the development of saprophytic intestinal flora.
• Do not overuse seasonings.

In case of severe bloating, also additionally take infusions of eucalyptus leaves, chamomile flowers, caraway seeds, mint leaves, and dandelion root. Sample menu options will be discussed below.

Diet for constipation in older people

During the aging process, intestinal motility changes. Peristalsis in older people noticeably weakens, which leads to persistent constipation, which is called senile constipation.

The intestines are not emptied regularly and completely, feces are retained in it, and since they contain harmful substances ( indole , skatole ), has a toxic effect and causes chronic intoxication. With constipation, putrefactive bacteria multiply intensively in the intestines, which cause increased gas formation.

Swelling causes the diaphragm to stand high, which makes breathing difficult, displaces the heart and can cause pain in the heart area. Increased straining during bowel movements contributes to the formation of hernias, disrupts blood circulation in the brain and can lead to the development. Therefore, older people must deal with constipation.

• It is very important to establish correct mode nutrition. After all, when a person always eats at the same time, the entire system of regulation of organ activity is activated. gastrointestinal tract, and this contributes to the normal and rapid passage of food and formed feces through the intestines.
• Include more vegetables and fruits in your diet - plant fiber is the best stimulator of intestinal motor function. Dietary fiber should be consumed in the amount of 20-35 g per day. For example, 0.5 cups of green peas contain 5 g of fiber, one apple - 3 g. You need to eat 1 tbsp 2-3 times a day. l. brewed rye bran, adding to different dishes. The most fiber contains boiled beans, prunes, figs, cornflakes, raisins, oatmeal, pears and nuts. You need to increase the number of fibers gradually to avoid bloating.
• You can enhance peristalsis by drinking a glass of cold water on an empty stomach.
• In the absence of cholelithiasis, you can drink 1 tbsp on an empty stomach. l. vegetable oil. This causes the flow of bile into the intestinal lumen and activates its contraction.
• Seaweed, which has a laxative effect, is very useful.
• It is better to replace sugar xylitol , which also weakens. It can be added 1-2 tsp. in tea or compote (morning and evening).
• An effective measure to combat constipation is physical activity: gymnastics involving the muscles of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor(bringing the legs to the stomach in a lying position, bending from a standing position, etc.), walking 2-3 km a day, working in the garden.
• Abdominal massage will also help to strengthen the motor function of the intestines - lie on your back and stroke your stomach with your hand in a circular motion (clockwise) several times a day.

If this set of measures does not lead to the desired result, you can resort to the use of laxatives medicines, primarily of plant origin: hay leaf, buckthorn bark, rhubarb. However, you need to remember that using one drug for a long time is not recommended, since its effectiveness decreases. Laxatives should not be taken for rectal fissures.

Be guided by the principle: it is better to include a maximum of laxative products, and take a minimum of laxatives - only occasionally, no more than once a week. Their constant use disrupts the intestinal microflora, digestion and absorption, and can cause severe diarrhea, which further aggravate constipation. If there is no stool for 2-3 days, it is better to give an enema, or try to put a glycerin suppository, which has a laxative effect.

Authorized Products

• The diet contains all vegetables: beets, carrots, lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini, cauliflower, which can be used raw, stewed and boiled. If tolerated well, dishes made from white cabbage and green peas are allowed, but boiled.
• You can use vinaigrettes with vegetable oil, vegetable caviar, seaweed. It can be consumed dried (in powder form) or finely chopped, 1-3 tsp. per day, soaked in water.
• Salads and canned seaweed are also recommended.
• The first courses are prepared in a weak and low-fat meat/fish broth. Based on the fact that you need to get more fiber, you should prepare mainly vegetable first courses (kholodniki, borscht, cabbage soup, beetroot soup), as well as soups with the addition of pearl barley.
• Give preference low-fat varieties meat, chicken, turkey - they are easier to digest than fatty meat. Meat dishes are prepared boiled or baked. The same goes for fish. Remember that any meat is an indigestible product and its daily use may increase constipation. In this case, you should give preference to fish among protein products. Fish and meat should be cooked in pieces.
• From buckwheat, pearl barley, millet, barley and wheat cereals, crumbly porridges, casseroles and porridges with a small amount of milk are prepared. Porridges should be crumbly (exclude “smeared porridges”, as well as mashed potatoes).
• Fermented milk drinks contain large quantities organic acids, therefore useful for constipation. You can use kefir, yogurt, matsoni, kumiss, acidophilus yogurt.
• Milk is only allowed in dishes. Introduce fresh cottage cheese and dishes made from it: puddings, casseroles with added cereals, lazy dumplings, but in limited quantities and not often. Because foods containing calcium can strengthen.
• Cream, mild cheese in small quantities and sour cream are allowed in dishes. You can eat up to 2 eggs per day and cook them in the form of steam omelettes, omelettes with vegetables, and soft-boiled.
• The diet should contain unlimited quantities of fresh sweet fruits and berries, soaked dried fruits and as an additive to dishes or kefir (dried apricots, prunes, apricots, figs).
• Among sweets, jam, honey, marshmallows, and marmalade are allowed.
• Wheat bread is allowed, but made from second grade flour, grain bread, doctor's bread, and if tolerated well, rye bread is also allowed. All bread products must be yesterday's baked goods. You can eat unhealthy cookies and dry biscuits in limited quantities and rarely.
• Allowed are weak tea, carbonated fruit and berry drinks and mineral waters with gas (in the absence of bloating and belching), coffee substitutes, bran decoction, rosehip infusion, plum, potato, apricot, carrot, beet, and tomato juices.

Table of permitted products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
zucchini	0,6	0,3	4,6	24
cabbage	1,8	0,1	4,7	27
sauerkraut	1,8	0,1	4,4	19
cauliflower	2,5	0,3	5,4	30
carrot	1,3	0,1	6,9	32
pickles	0,8	0,1	1,7	11
rhubarb	0,7	0,1	2,5	13
beet	1,5	0,1	8,8	40
tomatoes	0,6	0,2	4,2	20
pumpkin	1,3	0,3	7,7	28
Fruits
apricots	0,9	0,1	10,8	41
watermelon	0,6	0,1	5,8	25
bananas	1,5	0,2	21,8	95
melon	0,6	0,3	7,4	33
nectarine	0,9	0,2	11,8	48
peaches	0,9	0,1	11,3	46
plums	0,8	0,3	9,6	42
apples	0,4	0,4	9,8	47
Nuts and dried fruits
dried figs	3,1	0,8	57,9	257
dried apricots	5,2	0,3	51,0	215
dried apricots	5,0	0,4	50,6	213
prunes	2,3	0,7	57,5	231
Cereals and porridges
buckwheat (kernel)	12,6	3,3	62,1	313
oat groats	12,3	6,1	59,5	342
corn grits	8,3	1,2	75,0	337
pearl barley	9,3	1,1	73,7	320
wheat bran	15,1	3,8	53,6	296
millet cereal	11,5	3,3	69,3	348
barley grits	10,4	1,3	66,3	324
Bakery products
oatmeal bread	10,1	5,4	49,0	289
Rye bread	6,6	1,2	34,2	165
bran bread	7,5	1,3	45,2	227
doctor's bread	8,2	2,6	46,3	242
whole grain bread	10,1	2,3	57,1	295
Confectionery
jam	0,3	0,2	63,0	263
jelly	2,7	0,0	17,9	79
marshmallows	0,8	0,0	78,5	304
milk candies	2,7	4,3	82,3	364
fondant candies	2,2	4,6	83,6	369
fruit and berry marmalade	0,4	0,0	76,6	293
paste	0,5	0,0	80,8	310
Maria cookies	8,7	8,8	70,9	400
oatmeal cookies	6,5	14,4	71,8	437
Raw materials and seasonings
honey	0,8	0,0	81,5	329
sugar	0,0	0,0	99,7	398
Dairy
kefir	3,4	2,0	4,7	51
sour cream	2,8	20,0	3,2	206
curdled milk	2,9	2,5	4,1	53
kumiss	3,0	0,1	6,3	41
acidophilus	2,8	3,2	3,8	57
yogurt	4,3	2,0	6,2	60
Cheeses and cottage cheese
cottage cheese	17,2	5,0	1,8	121
Meat products
beef	18,9	19,4	0,0	187
beef liver	17,4	3,1	0,0	98
beef tongue	13,6	12,1	0,0	163
veal	19,7	1,2	0,0	90
rabbit	21,0	8,0	0,0	156
Bird
chicken	16,0	14,0	0,0	190
turkey	19,2	0,7	0,0	84
Eggs
chicken eggs	12,7	10,9	0,7	157
Fish and seafood
herring	16,3	10,7	-	161
Oils and fats
butter	0,5	82,5	0,8	748
corn oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
olive oil	0,0	99,8	0,0	898
sunflower oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
Non-alcoholic drinks
mineral water	0,0	0,0	0,0	-
instant chicory	0,1	0,0	2,8	11
black tea with milk and sugar	0,7	0,8	8,2	43
Juices and compotes
apricot juice	0,9	0,1	9,0	38
carrot juice	1,1	0,1	6,4	28
plum juice	0,8	0,0	9,6	39
tomato juice	1,1	0,2	3,8	21
pumpkin juice	0,0	0,0	9,0	38
rose hip juice	0,1	0,0	17,6	70

Fully or partially limited products

• Chocolate and any products with cream are not allowed. It is worth excluding bread made from premium flour, as well as baked goods made from yeast dough and puff pastry.
• Dishes containing tannins are excluded - these are jelly from quince, pears, bird cherry, blueberries, dogwood, strong tea, cocoa and coffee.
• Dishes that have a viscous consistency and move slowly through the intestines are slimy soups, mashed potatoes, mashed porridges and jelly.
• Difficult to digest and remain in the stomach for a long time fatty types meat (duck, goose) and fish, canned food, smoked meats, hard-boiled eggs. They must be excluded from the diet.
• Spicy dishes, sauces, horseradish and mustard greatly irritate the mucous membrane and disrupt the function of the entire gastrointestinal tract.
• Products should be limited initially causing constipation- rice, semolina, noodles, sago, vermicelli, potatoes, as well as legumes, which may be poorly tolerated.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
potato	2,0	0,4	18,1	80
radish	1,2	0,1	3,4	19
white radish	1,4	0,0	4,1	21
turnip	1,5	0,1	6,2	30
horseradish	3,2	0,4	10,5	56
garlic	6,5	0,5	29,9	143
Fruits
quince	0,6	0,5	9,8	40
dogwood	1,0	0,0	10,5	44
Berries
blueberry	1,1	0,4	7,6	44
Mushrooms
mushrooms	3,5	2,0	2,5	30
Cereals and porridges
semolina	10,3	1,0	73,3	328
rice	6,7	0,7	78,9	344
sago	1,0	0,7	85,0	350
Flour and pasta
pasta	10,4	1,1	69,7	337
noodles	12,0	3,7	60,1	322
Bakery products
wheat bread	8,1	1,0	48,8	242
Confectionery
pastry cream	0,2	26,0	16,5	300
Chocolate
chocolate	5,4	35,3	56,5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
mustard	5,7	6,4	22,0	162
mayonnaise	2,4	67,0	3,9	627
Meat products
pork	16,0	21,6	0,0	259
salo	2,4	89,0	0,0	797
Sausages
dry-cured sausage	24,1	38,3	1,0	455
Bird
smoked chicken	27,5	8,2	0,0	184
duck	16,5	61,2	0,0	346
smoked duck	19,0	28,4	0,0	337
goose	16,1	33,3	0,0	364
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26,8	9,9	0,0	196
canned fish	17,5	2,0	0,0	88
Oils and fats
animal fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
cooking fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
Non-alcoholic drinks
instant coffee dry	15,0	3,5	0,0	94
black tea	20,0	5,1	6,9	152
Juices and compotes
jelly	0,2	0,0	16,7	68

* data is per 100 g of product

Menu for constipation (Meal mode)

A proper nutrition menu should include 25-30 g of dietary fiber daily. Rye bran bread is allowed 150 g, and wheat bread 200 g, butter 10 g and sugar 40 g. Do not forget about taking water with honey, juice with pulp, dried fruit compote, prune infusion or rosehip decoction on an empty stomach. At night, eat prunes and kefir with the addition of 1 tbsp. l. bran. When taking additional bran, do not forget to follow the drinking regime, otherwise they may have the opposite effect.

In case of chronic intestinal obstruction, nutrition is primarily aimed at regulating stool and unloading the intestines by eliminating hard-to-digest foods. The main requirement is to limit the amount of food you eat, avoiding overeating. Eat meals in small portions every 2 hours.

The second task of the diet is to eliminate fermentation and putrefactive processes, therefore foods that causing gas formation(peas, raw White cabbage, legumes, whole milk, carbonated drinks).

Moderate mechanical care is provided. Chemical irritants should be completely excluded (hot spices, hot seasonings). During an exacerbation, mechanical sparing should be maximum (or No. 4B ). Fats and simple carbohydrates limited. The norm of carbohydrates is 250 g (40-45 g are simple sugars), fats 60-70 g, protein 70-80 g (60% animal origin).

Vegetables and fruits should be consumed in moderation and boiled, since excess fiber can cause flatulence . The meat must be ground, it is imperative to include fermented milk products and observe drinking regime. It is allowed to eat prunes, figs, dried apricots. Cottage cheese in mind great content Calcium can cause constipation, so you need to use it carefully. Pasta is excluded, and from cereals - pearl barley, millet and barley.

Breakfast	crumbly buckwheat porridge; steam omelette; tea with honey.
Lunch	oatmeal cookies; apple stewed without peel.
Dinner	vegetarian vegetable soup with sour cream; boiled chicken meat in the form of minced meat; boiled carrot caviar; dried fruits compote.
Dinner	cottage cheese casserole with dried apricots; stewed vegetables; tea with jam.
For the night	kefir, prunes.

For children

Normally, a newborn recovers 4-6 times a day. Feces normal consistency even if it occurs rarely, it cannot be considered constipation - it’s just physiological characteristics body. Further, with rare bowel movements, an important indicator is the child’s well-being and the passage of gases. Absence of gas during constipation is the most danger sign and you can think about intestinal obstruction. True coprostasis is observed in 25% of children under one year of age. It may be caused by abnormalities in the development of the colon ( stenosis intestinal outlet, Hirschsprung's disease ). It's relative rare diseases and require surgical treatment.

But more often coprostasis occurs against the background of a healthy intestine, the so-called functional one. Its causes are: poor nutrition of the mother, early introduction complementary feeding, insufficient fluid intake by the child, use, as well as insufficient milk. In this case, constipation appears in the baby. This type of stool abnormality can be determined by the dynamics of weight - the child is gaining it poorly, and you also need to conduct a “wet diaper” test. If there is enough milk, the baby urinates 10 times a day.

Rare stool, which is accompanied by anxiety, refusal to eat, bloating and bad sleep should alert parents. It is also bad if the child has sparse, hard and dry formed feces. If there are problems with bowel movements, feces, accumulating in the large intestine, it gradually expands and lengthens, causing functional megacolon (large colon). The tendency towards its formation may appear already in infancy. You can suspect it by observing the baby at the time of defecation: he pushes hard, strains, cries and blushes, but there is no result.

If you have such a problem infant, a nursing mother should reconsider her diet, eat raw and stewed vegetables and fruits every day, reduce the amount of sweets, and avoid viscous porridges and jelly. The most common cause of constipation in children is a slowdown in intestinal motility, which pushes feces through. In such cases, proper nutrition can strengthen it and eliminate constipation.

Prevention of constipation begins in infancy, when complementary feeding begins. For constipation in children, vegetable and fruit purees (apple, plum) and a variety of cereals are introduced into the diet in a timely manner; give grated beets and beet juice, zucchini. If a child under 1 year old can be fed this, then an older child cannot always be forced to eat boiled beets or salad. Also, many people refuse to eat prunes. Therefore, you need to proceed from what is more acceptable, for example, for a child of 2 years or more doable.

It is quite possible to additionally include foods that stimulate peristalsis during the day:

• On an empty stomach, give a cool sweet drink to drink - prune infusion, rosehip infusion or water with honey.
• During the day, as a snack, offer vegetable and fruit juices, vegetable decoctions, prune decoction, fresh carrot and beet puree (you can add grated apple, chopped plums or fruits that your child likes). He might like a puree of boiled dried fruits, which can be served with whipped cream or melted ice cream as a dessert.
• Throughout the day, constantly offer your child something to drink: decoctions of vegetables and fruits, water, rhubarb compote.
• It is very good if the child eats vinaigrette with vegetable oil, grated slightly undercooked beets, cabbage, carrot and apple salads, sauerkraut, green peas, pumpkin and porridge with pumpkin and honey.
• Melon, plum, figs, dried apricots, prunes, rhubarb, rowan jam, honey have a good laxative effect - maybe the child will prefer some of these.
• You can prepare a mixture of dried fruits by taking 300 g of prunes, figs and dried apricots, passing them through a meat grinder and adding 100 g of honey. Store the mixture in the refrigerator and give the child from 1 teaspoon to 1 dessert spoon (the dose is selected empirically) twice a day: in the morning on an empty stomach, with a drink cool water and an hour before bedtime along with one-day kefir.
• Teach your child to do exercises every day, including abdominal exercises, and give your child a clockwise abdominal massage.

Changes in the composition of intestinal microflora can also cause constipation, and given the fact that children are often prescribed antibiotics , then taking them only makes the situation worse. Intestinal microflora will help normalize fermented milk drinks - live yoghurts and acidophilic products. Learn to make kefir with bifidobacteria yourself, and you will always have “one-day” kefir - this is what you should take for constipation.

If a child experiences increased fermentation in the intestines, it must be taken into account that it is caused by excess carbohydrates and foods high in dietary fiber if they are consumed raw and not boiled and mashed. You can influence these processes by changing the technology for preparing vegetable dishes and reducing the amount of simple carbohydrates consumed.

Compliance with the diet is of great importance - it contributes to the smooth functioning of the intestines. With constipation, it becomes difficult for a child to defecate outside the home, and he suppresses the urge. This creates a vicious circle that makes the situation worse. Therefore, by any means necessary, you need to achieve daily independent bowel movements and develop the habit of emptying your bowels in the morning. Usually, proper nutrition and regular meals eliminate constipation if it is not associated with anatomical defects of the intestine.

If dietary recommendations are not effective, then the child is prescribed herbal laxatives for a week in addition to the diet -, Kafeol , Senna - in a dosage that provides stool once a day. Usually start with half a tablet.

In addition, you can take 1 tbsp. l. Vaseline oil 30 minutes before meals once a day. Vaseline oil inorganic, therefore it is not absorbed or oxidized in the intestine, but comes out unchanged, diluting the stool and lubricating the walls of the rectum. Vaseline oil cannot be replaced with vegetable oil, which in such a dosage can cause nausea and vomiting in a child.

Almost every one of us at least once in our lives has encountered indigestion, abdominal discomfort and, as a result, constipation. The basis of any constipation is a violation of intestinal motility - in other words, food moves sluggishly and inactively through the digestive tract, becoming very dense and stagnant.

Only 10% of constipation is caused by problems in human health - diseases of the intestines, liver or hormonal disorders. The remaining 90% of the reasons are a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. However, if there is constipation, the situation must be radically corrected, but how to eat properly? for constipation ?

Types of constipation

To decide on your diet, you need to remember that not all constipation is the same. There are two fundamentally different mechanisms constipation depending on the condition of the intestinal wall and its muscles. However, nutrition will vary significantly.

Constipation is divided into atonic (sluggish intestines) or spastic (sharp contractions of the intestines).

Atonic constipation characterized by flaccid muscle contractions that move food from the entrance to the exit, due to which dense food cannot actively move to the anus and stagnates, dehydrates, creating dense masses.

This occurs with low mobility, dry food and problems with hormones. As a result, sensations of fullness in the intestine and attacks of aching pain in the lower abdomen, flatulence (gas formation).

When defecating, the stool is copious, the first portions are dense, and the last portions are mush, defecation is painful, there may be microcracks in the anus.

Spastic constipation – this is the reverse form, stagnation of the contents occurs due to convulsive contractions of the intestinal wall, their sharp spasms. This is usually constipation due to stress, with poor nutrition, rare meals. They cause cramping pain in the abdomen, usually on the left side, extending to the groin. The stool may be regular, but there is no feeling of complete emptying, the stool is fragmented, dense as “nuts”.

Principles of nutrition for constipation

First of all, for constipation, split meals are important, It’s better to eat little by little, 5-6 times a day, this will give even filling intestines and regular elimination of stool. A single portion should fit on your two palms.

You cannot fast for more than 4 hours in a row - you will then eat more, and the food will stagnate, the enzymes will not have time to digest it, and you will be constipated. Food should not be overcooked - it should be available for active chewing, especially for meat and vegetables, salads should be coarsely chopped. When eating boiled food, the intestines become sluggish.

It is necessary to consume vegetables, berries, and fruits in their original form every day, there should be at least 400-500 g of them, a smaller amount will not provide the minimum fiber required by the body. It is good to combine vegetables with meat, and fruits with grains. Eat whole grain cereals, all fruits with peel. Avoid jelly and jellies, aspic and jellied meat, crusts on meat - this slows down the movement of food through the intestines.

Drinking regime

How to eat when constipated

The problem with constipation arises not only from diet, but also from the fact that we do not drink enough fluids, and stool becomes dehydrated. Coffee and tea drunk in the morning are very little to replenish fluid reserves, especially since coffee has a diuretic effect.

For good digestion, you need to drink 50-100 ml every hour, on average this should amount to 2 liters of liquid per day, not counting food. With a lack of water, fiber and pectins in the intestines cannot swell and stimulate the movement of food through the intestines, stop absorbing toxins and cause gas formation.

Drink water, juices diluted with water, mineral water. Avoid carbonated drinks and lemonade - they harden stools and cause flatulence.

Features of nutrition for atonic constipation

If the intestines have become lazy from refined food, it is necessary to actively stimulate its activity. The diet should have a sharply increased amount of coarse dietary fiber, pectin and cellulose actively absorb water and, swelling, greatly stimulate the intestines.

Your friends should be bran and products made from it - bread, porridge with bran. Vegetables and fruits, rye bread are healthy. And you better not eat sweets and products made from white flour - they block digestion.

How to eat when constipated

However, not all vegetables have the same healthy fiber– it is worth reducing the consumption of potatoes to a third of the volume of vegetables, and also not consuming a lot of legumes. The most active ones for loosening stool are apples, carrots, plums and dried apricots.

To combat constipation at the first stage, set yourself a daily goal of eating:

• 400 g of various vegetables,
• at least 200 g of fruit with skin,
• 100 g wholemeal or bran bread,
• add 2 tablespoons of bran to first courses or drinks.

Buckwheat, pearl barley and barley cereal– porridge made from them will help in the morning. You can drink tea with a spoon of honey at night, eat dried apricots, apricots, and prunes. Don't forget to pour boiling water over them and wash them well before eating.

Features of nutrition for spastic constipation

With intestinal spasms, the situation will be reversed, and the above dishes can increase pain and spasms. For spastic constipation, it is necessary to overcook vegetables and meat, temporarily exclude coarse fibers from the diet, and finely chop salads and season with vegetable oils.

Meat and fish dishes useful in the form of minced meat, boiled or baked. Fruits that are healthy are tender, without skin – peach, apricot, plum, cherry. You can drink juices with pulp, eat boiled porridge, except rice, drink jelly.

Excluded Products

Food, causing bloating, usually give constipation at the same time.

The following are subject to exception:

• beans,
• cabbage dishes,
• spinach,
• grape juice
• radish,
• turnips and radishes,
• garlic and onion.

Products with tannins have a fixing effect:

• blueberry,
• pears,
• bananas,
• grenades,
• cocoa,
• chocolate.

Viscous products inhibit peristalsis - rice porrige, semolina, mashed potatoes. Fatty foods also inhibit digestion and peristalsis - lard, margarine, and mayonnaise should be excluded. Try to give up white bread In favor of dried croutons, sharply limit soft wheat pasta, mushrooms and mustard.

In addition, remember about the strengthening effect of milk and kefir; according to many, kefir weakens, but only daily kefir has this effect, which is practically never found on the shelves. Other types of kefir, starting with two-day kefir, due to high acidity, strongly strengthen the stool.

If you want to drink kefir to regulate bowel movements, make it yourself at home.

If you follow similar nutritional principles, you can get rid of constipation in just a week; it is more difficult to make such a diet your eating style, but it is quite possible.

Alena PARETSKAYA