home Consultations Intravenous administration of sodium chloride. Essential saline solution: composition, use in medical institutions and at home

Intravenous administration of sodium chloride. Essential saline solution: composition, use in medical institutions and at home

Instructions for use of sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution
for injections for dehydration and intoxication of the animal body
(Developer organization: Mosagrogen CJSC, Moscow)

I. General information
Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution for injection (Natrii chloridi isotonica 0.9% solutio pro injectionibus).
International generic name: sodium chloride.

Dosage form: solution for injection.
Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution for injection contains 1 ml as active substance sodium chloride 9 mg, and as excipient- water for injections up to 1 ml.
It is a clear, colorless liquid.

The drug is released packaged in 100 ml glass bottles of appropriate capacity, sealed with rubber stoppers reinforced with aluminum caps.

Store the drug in the manufacturer's sealed packaging in a dry, protected from direct sun rays place, separately from food and feed, at a temperature from 0°C to 25°C. Best before date medicinal product subject to storage conditions - 2 years from the date of production. Do not use the drug after the expiration date.
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children.
Unused medicinal product is disposed of in accordance with legal requirements.

II. Pharmacological properties
Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% injection solution belongs to the pharmacotherapeutic group: drugs that affect metabolism.
Isotonic to animal blood plasma, regulates acid-base balance body. After administration of sodium chloride, it is quickly absorbed from the injection site and distributed in the organs and tissues of the animal.

According to the degree of impact on the body, Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution for injection according to GOST 12.1.007-76 is classified as a low-hazard substance (hazard class 4) and does not irritate tissue.

III. Application procedure
Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% injection solution is used in animals with large losses of body fluid (bleeding, toxic dyspepsia), shock, intoxication, metritis, vaginitis, as well as for dissolving various medications.

Contraindications for use - hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration; circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema.

Isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% is used subcutaneously or intravenously.

Maximum daily doses of Sodium chloride 0.9% (ml per animal):

Doses and timing of use of the drug depend on the weight of the animal and the course of the disease. When administered subcutaneously, the dose of the drug is administered fractionally to different places.

Symptoms of overdose: vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, decreased salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, renal failure, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, anxiety, irritability, weakness, muscle cramps and rigidity, generalized seizures, coma and death.
Treatment: symptomatic.

No specific effects of the drug during its first use and discontinuation were identified.
No special measures are required if one or more doses of the drug are missed. Do not administer a double dose to make up for a missed dose.
The drug does not cause side effect and complications when used in accordance with the instructions. Use with caution in case of renal and heart failure.
The use of isotonic sodium chloride 0.9% solution for injection does not exclude the use of other medications.
Livestock products during and after the use of Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution for injection are used without restrictions.

IV. Personal prevention measures
When working with the drug Sodium chloride isotonic 0.9% solution for injection, you should follow general rules personal hygiene and safety precautions required when working with medications. Hands should be washed after finishing work warm water with soap.
In case of accidental contact of the medicinal product with the skin or mucous membranes of the eye, they must be rinsed big amount water. People with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug should avoid direct contact with the drug. If allergic reactions or if the drug accidentally enters the human body, you should immediately contact a medical facility (have instructions for use of the drug or label with you).
Empty drug bottles must not be used for household purposes; they must be disposed of with household waste.

Manufacturer: JSC "Mosagrogen"; 117545, Moscow, 1st Dorozhny proezd, 1.

With the approval of this Instruction, the Instructions for the use of Sodium Chloride 0.9%, approved by Rosselkhoznadzor on December 1, 2008, become invalid.

solution d/inf. 10%: bottle. 200 ml 1, 20 or 40 pcs.
Reg. No.: 12/06/1007 from 06/05/2012 - Valid

Solution for infusion 10% colorless, transparent.

Excipients: water d/i.

200 ml - blood bottles (1) - cardboard packs.
200 ml - blood bottles (20) - cardboard boxes.
200 ml - blood bottles (40) - cardboard boxes.

solution d/inf. 10%: bottle. 400 ml 1, 12 or 24 pcs.
Reg. No: 10/05/1007 from 05/27/2010 - Valid

Solution for infusion 10% colorless, transparent.

Excipients: water d/i.

400 ml - blood bottles (1) - cardboard packs.
400 ml - blood bottles (12) - cardboard boxes.
400 ml - blood bottles (24) - cardboard boxes.

Description of the drug SODIUM CHLORIDE solution 10% created in 2011 on the basis of instructions posted on the official website of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is found in blood plasma (about 0.5%) and tissue fluids of the body; it is the main inorganic component that maintains the osmotic pressure of blood plasma and extracellular fluid.

Sodium chloride enters the body with food. Typically, a person consumes about 10 g (170 mmol) of sodium chloride per day, which largely ensures the electrolyte balance in the body.

Sodium chloride deficiency can occur in various pathological conditions accompanied by increased excretion from the body. Increased release of sodium chloride occurs when severe diarrhea(for example, with cholera, acute bacillary dysentery), repeated vomiting, extensive burns with severe exudation, profuse sweating, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, uncontrolled use of loop diuretics.

Hyponatremia and hypochloremia usually occur simultaneously and accompany severe debilitating diseases ( malignant tumors, liver diseases, chronic starvation, post-traumatic and postoperative conditions, infectious processes, severe burns). With a deficiency of sodium chloride, blood thickening is observed due to the transition of water from the vascular bed into the tissues. With a significant deficiency of sodium chloride, spasms of smooth muscles, convulsive contraction of skeletal muscles, and dysfunction may develop. nervous system and blood circulation.

Sodium ions, as well as chlorine ions, have weak biological activity, therefore pharmacological properties sodium chloride are reduced mainly to the osmotic effect of its solutions. The mechanism of action of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions is due to physical processes diffusion and osmosis. These properties explain their local antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects:

under the influence of hypertonic solutions, microbes lose water, shrink and their vital activity slows down sharply;
at inflammatory processes tissue hyperemia and exudation decrease.

Pharmacokinetics

IV administration hypertonic solution sodium chloride is accompanied by an increase in salt concentration in the extracellular fluid and glomerular filtrate, which leads to an increase in diuresis. However, sodium salts are relatively weak nonspecific diuretics, since sodium can be reabsorbed. Moreover, with edema, when treatment with diuretics is indicated, the body already has an excess of sodium ions and its additional administration only complicates the situation.

Indications for use

chronic dehydration of the body with loss of electrolytes (chronic electrolyte deficiency);
pulmonary, gastric, intestinal bleeding, as well as to enhance diuresis (slowly 10-20 ml of 10% solution intravenously);
treatment of Addison's disease in addition to hormonal medications;
treatment purulent wounds in the form of compresses and lotions (compresses moistened with a hypertonic solution, due to its osmotic effect, promote the separation of pus from the wound; at local application the drug also has an antimicrobial effect).

Dosage regimen

Before administration, the doctor is required to conduct a visual inspection of the bottle containing the product intended for transfusion. medicine. The solution must be clear and free of suspended particles or sediment. A medicinal product is considered suitable for use if the label is present, the packaging is sealed and there are no cracks in the bottle. The results of the visual examination and label data (name of the drug, manufacturer, batch number and expiration date) are recorded in the medical history.

Sodium chloride is a plasma replacement drug.

Pharmacological action of Sodium chloride

The drug is aimed at recovery water balance and has a detoxifying effect. Due to the fact that the drug replenishes sodium deficiency, it is effective in various pathological conditions.

Sodium chloride 0.9% has the same osmotic pressure as human blood. For this reason, the drug is quickly eliminated from the body and increases the volume of circulating blood for a short period of time.

When applied externally, saline solution of sodium chloride can remove pus from the wound or restore the microflora.

If an intravenous infusion of sodium chloride solution is performed, the patient will increase urination and also replenish the lack of sodium and chlorine.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a powder, a solvent for certain medications, a solution or a nasal spray.

Indications for use

Experts recommend prescribing sodium chloride 0.9% for large losses of extracellular fluid or in cases where its supply decreases. This can be dyspepsia (which is caused by poisoning), cholera, diarrhea, vomiting, and also large burns. This solution effective for hyponatremia and hypochloremia, which is accompanied by dehydration.

Externally, sodium chloride saline solution should be used to wash the nose, wounds, and to moisten bandages.

In addition, the solution is used for bleeding of various types (gastric, intestinal, pulmonary), for poisoning, constipation, or for forced diuresis.

Contraindications

Experts do not recommend using the drug for: extracellular hyperhydration, blood circulation disorders (pulmonary or cerebral edema may develop), high level sodium, with acute left ventricular failure, with hypokalemia, renal failure and decompensated cardiac failure.

Sodium chloride should not be mixed with large doses glucocorticosteroids. If the solution is prescribed in large dosages, the level of electrolytes in the urine or plasma should be monitored.

Directions for use and dosage

Before administration begins, the sodium chloride solution must be heated to 36-38 degrees. In case of dehydration, the dosage is determined individually. The average dose is 1 liter per day.

If the patient is found severe poisoning or there has been a large loss of fluid, it is recommended to administer the solution up to 3 liters per day. In this case, a sodium chloride dropper is used. The product should be administered at a speed of 540 milliliters per hour.

Children who are found to be dehydrated, accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure, must be administered a solution in the amount of 20-30 milliliters per 1 kilogram of weight.

To perform gastric lavage, use a 2-5 percent solution; to eliminate constipation, use enemas with a 5 percent solution (administer 75 milliliters rectally).

A dropper of sodium chloride 10 percent is prescribed for pulmonary hemorrhages, intestinal bleeding, to increase diuresis. In these situations, the drug must be administered slowly (10-20 milliliters of solution).

In case of complex therapy for diseases of the upper respiratory tract Experts recommend rinsing, rubbing and bathing (1-2 percent solution).

In the treatment of colds, sodium chloride is used for inhalation (used as aid). Adults are allowed to inhale for 10 minutes, and children - 3 times a day for 5-7 minutes (in this case, the solution is mixed with Lazolvan in a ratio of 1 to 1 ml).

For inhalation it is also allowed to be combined with Berodual.

special instructions

Large volumes of the drug should be used with caution in patients who have impaired renal excretory function.

You can freeze the medicine as long as the container remains sealed. If the solution is mixed with other drugs, it is recommended to visually check the compatibility (invisible as well as therapeutic incompatibility is possible).

When long-term use solution, as well as its use in increased dosages, hypokalemia and acidosis may occur.

Why is sodium chloride needed? You will learn about this from the materials in this article.

Composition, description and packaging

The medicine goes on sale in 100 ml containers or bottles, which are placed in cardboard boxes.

pharmachologic effect

As mentioned above, sodium chloride contains an active element such as sodium chloride. It is responsible for maintaining constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood. Its intake into the body is ensured through food consumption.

Such pathological conditions diarrhea, extensive burns or vomiting, accompanied by a large release of sodium chloride, provoke its deficiency. As a result of this influence, the blood begins to thicken, which contributes to the development of convulsive contractions of muscle tissue, spasms of smooth muscles, as well as disruption of blood circulation and the functioning of the nervous system.

A timely administered agent (sodium chloride) replenishes the lack of fluid and restores salt balance. It should be noted that due to the same osmotic pressure with blood this medication does not linger in the vessels. After about 60 minutes, no more than half of the administered dose remains in the body. This explains the lack of effectiveness of the drug “Sodium Chloride” for severe blood loss.

It should also be noted that the agent in question has plasma-substituting and detoxification properties.

For what purposes is sodium chloride solution administered intravenously? Why is this necessary? When administered in this way, a hypertonic agent replenishes the deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, and also enhances diuresis.

Sodium chloride: application

IN medical purposes The following solutions can be used:

Isotonic, or so-called physiological 0.9% solution, which contains 9 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).
Hypertonic 10% solution - contains 100 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).

Saline solution is used for:

It should also be noted that this product is used to moisturize fabric dressings and bandages, treat wounds, etc. The neutral environment of the saline solution in question is ideal for dissolving medications (for intravenous administration).

Indications for the use of hypertonic solution

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is prescribed for:

dehydration due to gastric, pulmonary or intestinal bleeding, vomiting, burns or diarrhea;
deficiency of sodium or chlorine ions;
silver nitrate poisoning.

In addition, this solution is used as an auxiliary medication when increased diuresis is required.

This medication is used externally for antimicrobial treatment of wounds, and rectally for microenemas for constipation.

Contraindications for use

hypernatremia, extracellular hyperhydration, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia;
edema of the brain, lungs, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant administration of corticosteroids, especially in high dosages;
circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral or pulmonary edema.

Sodium chloride: instructions for use

The isotonic solution is administered subcutaneously and intravenously. Before use, the medication is warmed to a temperature of 36-38 degrees.

The administered volume of the drug depends on the patient’s condition, as well as the amount of fluid lost by him. In addition, the patient's body weight and age are taken into account.

The average daily dosage of the product is 500 ml, and average speed administration - 540 ml per hour.

The maximum volume of the drug per day is 3000 ml. This amount is administered only in case of severe dehydration or intoxication.

With strong food poisoning Approximately 100 ml of solution is injected dropwise.

To induce defecation (with rectal enemas), approximately 100 ml of a 5 percent hypertonic or 3000 ml of isotonic solution is used (per day).

It should also be noted that hypertensive enema is often used for renal and cardiac edema, intracranial pressure and hypertension.

Outdoor use

Treatment of purulent wounds is carried out according to the following scheme: a compress soaked in a solution is applied to abscesses, festering wounds, phlegmons or boils. This effect causes the death of bacteria, as well as the separation of pus.

Sodium chloride drops or nasal spray can be used to treat the nasal cavity.

Is it allowed to drink saline? This is one of the frequently asked questions. If you give a one-word answer, it will be in the affirmative. You can drink saline solution. Let's figure out what this liquid is and what it is used for.

What is saline solution?

Quite often, doctors are faced with the fact that their patients confuse several medical supplies. All these solutions are clear, colorless and administered parenterally. But only one of them is called physiological. Drugs that are controversial:

Sodium chloride 0.9% and 10%.
Potassium chloride.
Calcium chloride.
Calcium gluconate.

Only 0.9% or isotonic sodium chloride is called saline. It contains 9 g table salt and water up to 1 liter. Chemically it is a sodium salt of hydrochloric acid, the same concentration in which it is contained in blood plasma.

Sodium chloride can be administered:

Sodium chloride can be given subcutaneously, although this does not make much sense for human treatment. All other chlorides are administered either into a vein or through the mouth.

Calcium chloride introduced past the vessel causes tissue necrosis. When introduced into a vein, a warming effect is created. Therefore, this injection is called a “hot injection”. Calcium gluconate can be taken orally, injected into a vein or muscle without consequences for the body.

There is information in open sources that 0.9% sodium chloride for subcutaneous and intramuscular injection causes tissue necrosis. This is a misconception. This effect will occur if administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously calcium chloride. Unpleasant consequences expect the patient to administer subcutaneously, intramuscularly a 10% NACL solution, that is, a hypertonic solution. This concentration is applicable only for intravenous administration and external use. Possible consequences contact with a hypertonic NACL solution under the skin results in tissue necrosis.

Probably the question of what will happen if you drink saline solution or what will happen if a child drank it is justified by the fact that the instructions indicate: “a means for parenteral administration.” In the absence of contraindications to its use, there will be no harmful consequences if this drug is taken orally. Moreover, it is allowed for oral administration regardless of age. Sometimes babies prefer saline solution to water.

No matter how this drug is introduced into the body, in moderate doses and according to indications, it will not cause harm.

Indications

On pharmacy counters this substance can be found in the form of a nasal spray (10 ml), in ampoules (5/10/20 ml) or bottles (100/200/400/1000 ml). The main indication for the use of the ampoule drug is dilution of drugs. Sodium chloride in vials is used:

For dehydration.
Eliminate sodium deficiency.
IN postoperative period to maintain the volume of the liquid part of the blood (plasma).
As a base solution for administering medications.
To replenish the volume of circulating blood in case of extensive blood loss (if for some reason other means cannot be administered).

Drug ions are important components contained in the extracellular fluid. They maintain the osmosis of body fluids (plasma and extracellular environment) at the proper level.

In addition to the main indications, sodium chloride can be used:

For treating the mucous lining of the nose and eyes and moisturizing it.
For treating wound surfaces.
With intense physical work or high temperatures environment.
For gastric lavage.
For inhalation, as a base solution or main solution (to moisturize the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract).

It is recommended to rinse the nasal passages for rhinitis, both allergic and bacterial, for sinusitis, and high dust levels in the air. Children, starting from the newborn period, can drip sodium chloride into the nose. Before the medicine to cleanse the nasal passages of mucus and bacteria and better absorption of the medicine. And also at high temperatures and increased dry air to prevent swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Sodium chloride for eyes

This eye wash is suitable for:

Chemical burns.
Ingress of foreign bodies.
Allergic and infectious conjunctivitis for removal pathogenic microorganisms and allergens.

You can drip saline solution to moisten the conjunctiva of the eyes of people whose work is associated with constant voltage organ of vision and drying out of the mucous membrane.

The only condition for such use of the product is its sterility. It can be stored for no more than a day. In an open bottle (even if stored in the refrigerator) it is sown after 24 hours coli. Therefore, in order to drip children’s noses or wash their eyes, it is better to buy 5 ml ampoules. Or you can buy a special nasal spray. It should be taken into account that sprays are not recommended for children in the first year of life - the child may be scared. It is better to open the bottle and drop it with a pipette.

If there is an electrolyte imbalance

Apply 10% NACL more frequently. It helps well with imbalance of electrolytes formed as a result of:

Damage to large areas skin due to burns.
Uncontrollable vomiting and profuse diarrhea.
For gastric fistula.
Various bleedings.

If you are dehydrated and do not have a 10% NACL solution, you can use an isotonic one. When working in hot shops, they usually drink salted mineral water, which can be replaced with a hypertonic NACL solution.

Is it possible to drink saline solution in the absence of hypertonic solution? There is no categorical prohibition. It's just that in this case it is less effective.

Applications in other situations

For the treatment of purulent wounds, a 10% NACL solution is recommended. But in its absence, it can be replaced with sterile saline solution. Inhalation of saline solution is recommended for allergies, bronchitis, asthma and a number of other diseases.

To replenish fluid volume or when using 0.9% sodium salt hydrochloric acid, only a sterile preparation is used as a base solution for intravenous administration in an amount of 0.5–3 l for adults and 20–100 ml/kg of body weight for a child. The dose is calculated by the doctor based on the age of the small patient.

You can teach your child to gargle with sterile saline solution. It's okay if he drinks a little of the product. Sterile liquid will allow you to clear your tonsils at any time. bacterial infection throat.

Contraindications, overdose, side effects

Despite the fact that saline solution can be used in almost any situation, there are cases when its administration is extremely undesirable and even contraindicated. Caution is required when administering an isotonic solution when:

Persistent increase in blood pressure.
Preeclampsia.
Severe heart failure (in the stage of decompensation).
Peripheral edema.
Any conditions associated with the retention of sodium ions in the human body (CKD, aldosteronism, etc.).
In conditions that threaten cerebral or pulmonary edema, with developing edema these organs.

With proper use of a 0.9% solution of sodium salt of hydrochloric acid, side effects are unlikely. For intravenous infusion, it is not recommended to administer more than 3 liters of fluid per day. With the normal administration of saline as a base solution, side effects are due to the effect of the medication that is the main drug.

As side effects the annotation reads:

Potassium deficiency.
Excessive hydration.
Acidosis.

If there was an overdose of saline solution, the patient experiences:

Abdominal pain and cramps.
Intense thirst.
work disorder digestive system with nausea, diarrhea and even vomiting.
Increased blood pressure.
Tachycardia.
Vestibulopathy.
Swelling, lacrimation and copious discharge saliva.
Increased body temperature.
Muscle cramps and rigidity.

In case of a serious overdose, renal failure, pulmonary edema and respiratory arrest, coma may occur. Possible death.

The dose a patient needs is determined depending on the person's age and weight. With intravenous administration, it is necessary to monitor the content of ions in the blood plasma and urine. If you drank an ampoule of saline solution or even a glass, you are unlikely to feel any unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, if it is hot outside or indoors, there are no contraindications, and you drink saline solution, you can say: “drink it calmly, but do not exceed the norms specified in the instructions.”