home All hormones 6 days after laparoscopy. The essence of laparoscopic surgery. What are the advantages of laparoscopy compared to conventional operations?

6 days after laparoscopy. The essence of laparoscopic surgery. What are the advantages of laparoscopy compared to conventional operations?

Today, laparoscopy of a cyst is one of the most common and simple operations. The essence of this operation is to create three small incisions on the wall of the abdomen and surgical instruments and a video camera are inserted through them.

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst after surgery

In any case, an open surgical operation is a trauma for the human body. Tissue trauma is accompanied by a number of negative reactions of the whole organism. After all, in essence, the body is an integral system, which, like any other closed system, does not tolerate interference (let alone destructive) from the outside and reacts sharply to it. If a patient's medical history includes surgery, most medical specialists try to avoid repeat surgery and prescribe it in the most extreme cases, when other treatment methods have failed. positive effect. At the same time, in the modern medical world, laparoscopy is considered the most painless and least traumatic operation, as it requires minimal surgical intervention. Therefore, laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst after surgery is one of the most gentle ways to solve the problem of removal. It is obvious that the less stress we put on the body during treatment, the more it is inclined to cope with the disease itself. It is believed that if the patient has undergone a preliminary open operation, then laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst after surgery is the most loyal and simple way to remove the cyst.

Preparation for laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Preparation for laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is as follows: first of all, you need to get tested. All necessary tests are prescribed and prescribed by the attending physician. As a rule, these are urine tests and blood tests for coagulation, as well as an analysis to determine glucose levels, in addition, blood tests for the presence of AIDS, hepatitis and infectious diseases are mandatory. Immediately before surgery, a thorough examination of all pelvic organs, chest organs and an electrocardiogram is performed. In the evening before the day of surgery and directly on the day of surgery, mandatory enemas are given, and it is also recommended to use laxatives at this time. You should limit your intake of water and food on the eve of laparoscopy. The last meal is allowed the evening before the day of surgery, but no later than 19:00. The last intake of water is possible at 22:00, the evening before the day of surgery. Later, you are prohibited from eating or drinking any liquid until the operation itself. Directly on the day of the operation, you need to consult with an anesthesiologist about the characteristics of your body, if any, regarding the upcoming anesthesia. It is also important to remember that the pubic area should be shaved at the time of surgery.

Tests before laparoscopy of ovarian cysts

Before the operation of laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, you must first undergo a series of tests, the results of which will help the attending physician perform the operation as safely and painlessly as possible. Mandatory tests before laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst:

general blood and urine analysis;
blood test to determine blood group and Rh factor;
electrocardiogram and fluorography;
biochemical blood test to determine the level of glucose, total protein, bilirubin;
blood test to test for the presence of HIV, hepatitis groups B and C, syphilis;
vaginal smear to determine microflora;
hemostasiogram to determine the degree of blood clotting.

All tests before laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst are prescribed by the attending physician, who can also provide additional advice on the appropriateness of the tests and explain the significance of each for a correctly performed operation.

How is laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst performed?

After the patient passes all the preliminary examinations and the test results come back, the operation itself follows. Before surgery, many are concerned about the question of how ovarian laparoscopy is performed. This operation is quite simple; fear and concerns about laparoscopy are often unnecessary and not justified. The patient is taken to the operating room on a special gurney, where she is helped onto the operating table. Next, an intravenous catheter is installed to supply all the necessary medications to the body. After the anesthesia has taken effect and the patient falls asleep, the stomach and the perineum are lubricated with a special disinfectant solution and put urinary catheter, if there is a need for it. The abdominal cavity is filled with gas, the operating doctor makes several punctures through which the instruments necessary for the operation and a video camera are inserted, which displays the image on the screen. The surgeon sees the internal organs on the screen and conducts the operation using the image from the monitor. Using instruments, the cyst is removed without touching healthy tissue ovary. Next, the gas is released from the abdominal cavity using a special device, and a suture and sterile bandage are applied to the injured tissue. In some cases, after removal of the cyst, a silicone drainage tube may be left in place for a day, which the doctor will definitely inform the patient about after laparoscopy.

How long does laparoscopy for an ovarian cyst take?

Laparoscopy is an “elegant” operation, very precise and requiring the utmost attention of the surgeon, as it is performed under high magnification and with extreme caution to minimize trauma to healthy tissue and blood loss. However, laparoscopy is considered the most painless and simple method operating. It is impossible to answer the question of how long laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst lasts. Since it depends on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. On average, laparoscopy operations can take from 15 minutes to an hour. With all the preparations, administration of anesthesia and recovery from the state of anesthesia, the operation in general can take a maximum of three hours. The duration of the operation also directly depends on the qualifications of the doctor who performs it. On average, in patients with moderate pathology, laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst itself lasts about 40 minutes. The laparoscopy method today is considered the most painless, gentle and safe compared to other existing operating methods.

Laparoscopy of endometrioid ovarian cyst

An endometriotic cyst forms on the surface of the ovary or inside it and is a cavity bounded by walls of varying thickness, filled with thick contents. A dangerous feature of such a cyst is damage to its walls during menstruation, which leads to fluid entering the abdominal cavity. In most cases, the occurrence of an endometriotic ovarian cyst occurs unnoticed by the woman and ends with a violation reproductive function and infertility. Currently, surgical intervention for this disease is a direct indication for treatment, which is due to the ineffectiveness of other treatment methods, as well as the exclusion of the possibility of oncological formations. The most common method of treating this pathology is laparoscopy of endometrioid ovarian cyst. Endometrioid ovarian cysts are usually bilateral and increase in size quite quickly. Laparoscopy of an endometrioid ovarian cyst performed at an early stage of the disease is the safest and guarantees a high percentage of a favorable course of the postoperative period without complications and significant changes in the woman’s body.

Laparoscopy of paraovarian cyst

A paraovarian cyst is a tumor-like formation that forms from the ovarian epididymis. This disease can be completely asymptomatic or with a clearly defined characteristic symptoms. The danger of this pathology lies in the fact that, unlike some other types of ovarian cysts, a paraovarian cyst never resolves on its own and cannot disappear in the process of any self-medication; formation is subject to mandatory surgical removal. The most common method of removal is laparoscopy of a paraovarian cyst. The condition of the patients after laparoscopy of the paraovarian cyst is good, reproductive system quickly returns to normal; in the vast majority of cases, re-formations are not observed. When deciding on the need for surgical intervention, the doctor focuses on a number of indicators of the patient’s condition, such as the overall size of the cyst, the dynamics of its growth, and the presence of discomfort. Possibility of negative consequences of surgical intervention (if the cyst is very large or has accompanying pathologies pelvic organs).

Laparoscopy of dermoid cyst

Ovarian dermoid cyst is benign education on the body of the ovary, consisting of various tissues present in the human body, which are located in a jelly-like liquid and are located in a fairly dense capsule. A dermoid cyst may consist of nerve tissue, fat, bone tissue, hair, teeth, or skin. Most often, this cyst is discovered after it reaches a certain size and begins to injure neighboring organs, causing a lot of discomfort to the woman. The dermoid cyst is constantly increasing in size, so removal surgery is recommended as early as possible. There is the easiest, painless and effective removal operation - laparoscopy of a dermoid cyst. After such operations, the occurrence of relapses of the disease is minimized, at the same time, laparoscopy of a dermoid cyst is the most gentle treatment method for a woman’s body.

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst during pregnancy

Pregnancy is one of the most important periods in a woman’s life, so at this time many women begin to monitor their health more carefully. The diagnosis of an “ovarian cyst” during pregnancy terrifies many women. But in reality, this diagnosis is not as scary as it seems. Naturally, an ovarian cyst may represent serious danger, both for the mother and for her unborn child. Large cysts can cause miscarriage or the need for abortion. later pregnancy, in addition, the fetus, increasing in size, puts pressure on the body of the cyst, which can cause it to rupture, which is extremely dangerous for the woman. Pathological changes in a woman’s body can be accompanied by discomfort, but they can also pass completely unnoticed, without any symptoms. Therefore, during pregnancy you should be carefully examined for the presence of ovarian cysts.

If the cyst still exists, then today’s surgical methods allow you to remove it with minimal risk to the body of the mother and child. Laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy is a safe and gentle treatment method. Laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy allows you to minimize external intervention in the body and remove the cyst, with the least impact on healthy pelvic organs and the fetus itself.

Laparoscopy of ovarian cyst: contraindications

Despite the fact that laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is considered one of the simplest and most painless operations to remove a cyst, there are still contraindications for this operation. Such operations are contraindicated for people who have suffered from infectious diseases within a month before the operation; laparoscopy of ovarian cysts is also contraindicated for people suffering from disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Thus, bronchial asthma during an exacerbation is a direct contraindication for this operation. Patients with high blood pressure are also at risk, and laparoscopy in such patients can only be performed with the permission of the doctor, after test results and a thorough examination of the medical history. For laparoscopy of ovarian cysts, contraindications may include problems with blood clotting (a special blood test is performed before the operation to determine the level of clotting), or a hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. There are relative contraindications for surgery, in the presence of which the attending physician decides whether laparoscopy is appropriate. This high degree obesity, cervical cancer, large adhesions in the abdominal cavity or the presence large quantity blood in the abdominal area. Also relative contraindication is big size pathological formations on the ovary and malignant ovarian tumor.

Consequences after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst

The postoperative period of laparoscopy, for the most part, is easy and painless for the patient. Usually, by the second postoperative week, ability to work and physical activity are fully restored. Consequences after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts can be directly related to anesthesia, since in different people Anesthesia causes completely different, often unpredictable, reactions in the body. Consequences after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts can also be expressed in adhesions, which, without treatment, can lead to infertility and the development of a number of gynecological diseases. Unfortunately, adhesions after any operation are a fairly common problem. If the postoperative regimen is not followed correctly, there is a risk of developing infectious processes in the body, since laparoscopy is still, although relatively easy, an operation that requires intervention in the body, the ovaries after laparoscopy are to some extent injured, which facilitates access and spread of infections. To minimize Negative consequences after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, it is necessary to regularly see a doctor for a year, follow all his instructions and take a rehabilitation course of medication after the operation.

Complications after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts

Minor complications after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts occur in only two percent of one hundred cases. The list of minor complications includes postoperative symptoms such as nausea or vomiting, postoperative infection, which is accompanied by a significant increase in temperature, chills and fever. There may also be slight bleeding in the areas where the incisions were made. There are also a number of serious complications that are extremely rare and percentage occupy less than one percent. But, nevertheless, there is still a low probability of such complications. Serious complications after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts are mostly associated with the professionalism of the surgeon. Such complications include damage healthy organs pelvis, damage to large important vessels such as the aorta or pudendal vein, damage to the nerves of the pelvic area. In addition, there are a number of cases where complications are caused by severe allergic reactions to anesthesia and the body's reactions to carbon dioxide, a gas that is injected into the abdominal cavity during surgery.

Pain after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

After laparoscopy of ovarian cysts, quite severe pain may occur in the places where the incisions were made. This should not cause unnecessary concern and suspicion, because it natural reaction body for surgery. If the pain is too strong and causes discomfort, you should consult with your doctor, who will prescribe the most effective pain reliever based on the individual characteristics of the particular patient. Also, pain after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts can be localized in different places in the abdominal area, but, as a rule, such pain goes away after three to five days after surgery. If the pain continues much longer and is very disturbing, you should definitely consult a doctor, since such pain after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst may indicate the occurrence of complications. You may also experience some mild shoulder pain after surgery because the gas that is injected into the abdomen during surgery may be an irritant to the phrenic nerve. In rare cases, pain after laparoscopy, ovarian cysts are caused by an infection that has formed at the incision sites. In these cases, to treat the infection and remove pain syndrome antibiotics are used.

Temperature after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

During the normal course of the postoperative period, the temperature after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst in the first few days after surgery can rise to 37 degrees. This should not cause concern, since such an increase in temperature is a sign that the body is accumulating its strength to heal wounds and normalize the functioning of the reproductive system. In most cases, such an increase in temperature is not accompanied by any other negative symptoms, indicating that any bad processes are occurring in the body. However, if this temperature persists for more than ten days after surgery, you should consult a doctor to rule out the possibility of inflammation. A strong increase in temperature should be an alarming signal, since in the vast majority of cases such symptoms indicate possible complications. Thus, an infection that occurs at the sites of incisions or directly at the site of cyst removal can provoke a sharp and significant increase in temperature to 38 degrees and above.

Discharge after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

After any surgical operation on the ovary, a shift in the menstrual cycle occurs, and discharge after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts can occur either immediately immediately after the operation or at any other postoperative period of time. This is considered normal and should not be a cause for any alarm. Such discharge is most often minor and mucous in nature and can persist for several weeks. Yellowish-green or brownish-green vaginal discharge is a sign that there is an infection in the body and should prompt immediate medical attention. Such discharge is often accompanied by characteristic symptoms, such as general weakness, drowsiness, high fever, nagging pain in the lower back, discomfort in the mucous membranes of the genital organs. White discharge appears if laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst was performed while antibiotics were taken, and indicates that thrush has appeared. Such discharge may also be bloody. But these character discharges do not always indicate thrush. There are a number of cases when whitish discharge indicates the presence of other infections in a woman’s body, the nature of which can only be determined by passing a vaginal smear for analysis.

Pregnancy after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

The laparoscopic method of removing pathological formations has opened up completely new opportunities in the field of medicine. During laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, the ovary itself is not removed and, even in most cases, healthy organ tissue is not injured. Only the body of the cyst is removed, after which the ovary gradually restores and normalizes its functions. Pregnancy after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst can occur either very soon or some time after the operation. This depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the cycles of functioning of the reproductive system under normal conditions. According to statistics, on average, the ovary takes up to three months to recover after removal of a cyst. Therefore, pregnancy may not occur in the next three months after the operation, but it is not desirable until the body has fully recovered. In addition, after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, you should abstain from sexual intercourse for at least a month to avoid the development of complications and infections, as well as to minimize trauma to the ovary. According to statistics, only five percent of women who underwent laparoscopy for ovarian cysts were unable to become pregnant within a year after the operation. In all other women, pregnancy after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst occurred in the period from one month to six months after the operation. If a woman becomes pregnant in short time After laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, she needs to be under the supervision of a doctor, who will eliminate the risk of developing pathologies in the fetus, and also prevent possible relapses of the disease in the expectant mother.

According to the rules of medical institutions, the patient remains in the hospital one day after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst so that doctors can monitor her condition and adaptation. If no acute complications does not occur, the patient is sent home, where she must follow all recommendations after laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst regarding the postoperative regimen. It is necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse for a month to prevent trauma to the ovary, infection or suture dehiscence. For the first two weeks after the operation, it is forbidden to take a bath, and after all water procedures it is necessary to lubricate the stitches with disinfectants. In the first month after surgery, it is also forbidden to drink alcohol, eat too fatty or heavy foods, because this prevents the body from quickly coping with the adaptation period. Wound in the area abdominal wall is very sensitive, so it is recommended to wear loose clothing to prevent pressure on organs and damage to sutures. During the first few days it is recommended bed rest, but in the following days, doctors advise being active, as this will speed up the end of the postoperative period.

Postoperative period after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Many women in the postoperative period after ovarian laparoscopy experience some emotional discomfort, expressed in anxiety, unfounded fears, excessive tearfulness and sharp changes moods. The adaptation period after laparoscopy is much easier and faster than after strip surgery. However, the attending physician prescribes painkillers for the first time after surgery and antibiotics to avoid inflammation. If there is a need to remove sutures, they are removed on the seventh day after the operation. The first week you need to do a dressing, which includes changing a sterile bandage on postoperative wounds and lubricating the incision sites with an antiseptic. During laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, the integrity of healthy tissue is not violated, and therefore menstrual function is not disrupted. Fine another menstruation after the operation should occur as scheduled. It is also recommended to reduce physical activity, in particular to limit weight lifting to three kilograms. In the postoperative period after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, it is recommended to eat small portions many times a day and exclude fatty and heavy foods, spicy and salty foods from the diet to normalize intestinal function.

Limitations after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts

As with any other operation, there are limitations after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst. First of all, these are restrictions on sexual intercourse, since the first month after the operation, doctors recommend maintaining sexual rest. There are also restrictions on playing sports, physical activity and lifting weights. Those who are involved in any kind of sport are not recommended to resume training earlier than a month after surgery, and when restoring training, increase the load gradually, starting with the least. As for lifting weights, doctors do not recommend lifting more than three kilograms during the first three months after surgery and more than five kilograms during the next three months. After this period, you should see your doctor. If no complications arise within six months after the operation, the doctor will allow you to return to your usual lifestyle and normal activities. There are also some restrictions in the diet, since for the first time (approximately two to three weeks, depending on the patient’s condition), it is recommended to limit the consumption of too spicy and salty foods, as well as eliminate alcohol.

Rehabilitation after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Rehabilitation after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is much faster than after other types of operations and takes an order of magnitude less time, since there is no serious damage to the body tissues. From the very first day, patients can move independently and eat light food. Complete rehabilitation of orgasm occurs three to six months after surgery, depending on individual indicators. During the rehabilitation period, there must be dynamic medical observation of the patient; control ultrasound is carried out one month, three and six months after the operation, and then every six months. Rehabilitation after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst most often proceeds without complications and with a minimal degree of discomfort.

Recovery after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst

Recovery after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, if the doctor’s postoperative recommendations are followed, occurs quite quickly. As a rule, after two to three weeks, the ability to work is fully restored and the patient can go to work if necessary. The menstrual cycle in some individual cases may be out of rhythm, but this is not considered a pathology and, after some time, the rhythms even out and the amount of discharge stabilizes. Since laparoscopy of ovarian cysts is an organ-preserving type of operation, it has virtually no effect on future pregnancies and childbirth, or on the health and development of the fetus. Also, if a woman is of childbearing age, then in the period from three to six months after laparoscopy she is prescribed hormonal therapy to completely normalize the functioning of the ovaries and maintain adequate hormonal levels. After the surgical incisions heal, two or three small scars ranging in size from 5 to 10 millimeters remain on the woman’s body, which, with proper care in the postoperative period, become almost invisible over time.

Treatment after laparoscopy for ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts may appear again after surgery. The probability of such cases is not very high, but it still exists. In addition, after laparoscopy, adhesive processes may begin in the body, which entail unpleasant consequences for women's health. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, doctors prescribe treatment after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst. In order to prevent recurrence cystic formations prescribe medications containing elements male hormones. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are also prescribed. The name of this drug looks scary and many women are afraid that drugs of this kind will lead to some complications in the functioning of the body. In fact, this drug was originally created as medicine to cure infertility. But later, scientists and doctors discovered some other positive benefits of these drugs. Also, treatment after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst includes a course of antibiotics that prevent inflammatory processes on the operated areas. For more active recovery, doctors also prescribe vitamins and some herbal medications.

Nutrition after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

Nutrition after surgery for laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst should be formed in such a way that it is as easy as possible for the body to rehabilitate after the operation. It is very important to eat foods containing fiber, since fiber has a beneficial effect on the condition of the intestines and blood glucose levels. After laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, it is recommended to carefully monitor the condition of the intestines, since these organs are in close proximity to each other. For the same reason, doctors recommend that in the first month after surgery you refrain from eating fatty and difficult-to-digest foods, as well as those dishes that irritate the mucous membranes. gastrointestinal tract, for example, too spicy or too salty dishes. Otherwise, you can stick to your usual diet, subject to the mandatory exclusion of alcohol for a month and a half after surgery.

Diet after laparoscopy of ovarian cyst

There is no specific diet in the medical meaning of this term after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst. But in the usual understanding of this word, as restrictions in the usual diet, there are still some recommendations. The diet after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst should be as gentle as possible for the body so that the reproductive system has the opportunity to quickly recover. Therefore, doctors advise not to overload the body with heavy foods, not to overeat and not to drink alcohol (in addition, a course of antibiotics will most likely be prescribed after laparoscopy, so alcohol is strictly excluded). The diet after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is very simple and consists of consuming healthy light food small portions many times a day. It is also recommended to eat plenty of foods containing fiber and natural vitamins, which are found in fruits, vegetables and other foods. plant origin. Cereal-containing products and freshly squeezed juices also have a good effect on the treatment process and wound healing.

Modern surgery gradually moves into the category of laparoscopic. It is this type of surgical intervention that is welcomed by the vast majority of surgeons. There are almost no limits to its capabilities.

Today, interventions have been mastered on almost all internal organs, including those located outside the abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal).

These include laparoscopic nephrectomy, herniotomy, prostatectomy, adrenalectomy and others. But the only successful one laparoscopy, postoperative period which was brought to its logical conclusion - the discharge of a practically healthy patient.

Basics of an easy postoperative period

By her own laparoscopic surgery was created to facilitate the postoperative period and quick recovery patient. After all, with this intervention, all the requirements for an ideal operation are met.

And they include careful treatment of tissues, low trauma and aggression towards organs and the entire body as a whole. The less invasive the surgical intervention was, the faster the patient’s recovery in the postoperative period.

Another factor that influences its course is the presence of postoperative complications. Their development depends on many factors. Similar conditions may result from a layering of several circumstances that do not in themselves cause danger.

But their combination turns out to be extremely dangerous. Postoperative complications can be local in nature, associated directly with defects in the surgical technology of the intervention, and general, associated with decompensation of the patient’s chronic pathology before the procedure. laparoscopy, postoperative period.

Their appearance aggravates the normal course of postoperative recovery, lengthening the rehabilitation period. It indicates possible technical errors or insufficient preoperative preparation. Although, globally, everything depends on the initial condition of the patient. No less important belongs to the implementation of recommendations on the regime and nutrition by the operated patients themselves.

Thromboembolic processes are considered among the most dangerous complications that can arise. They become the main cause of mortality in. Therefore, both during preoperative preparation and after the intervention, prevention of this kind of complications is indicated.

This set of measures includes the introduction of anticoagulant drugs into prophylactic doses and elastic bandaging of the legs in persons at risk (presence of venous pathology, thrombophlebitis or phlebothrombosis in history.)

To prevent suppurative processes from the postoperative wound and abdominal cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated, which is carried out with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Their administration is advisable together with induction anesthesia.

Since this type of operation is accompanied by minor trauma, early activation is recommended for all patients. After minor operations performed in the morning, by evening you can safely walk.

More complex ones require the patient to stay early postoperative period of laparoscopy, in the intensive care unit and intensive care. This is necessary for careful monitoring of vital parameters. In case of any failures, they are corrected immediately.

The next day, if there are no complications, all patients are transferred to their ward. Already during this period, patients are allowed to sit and stand near the bed. It is very important, even in the absence of this opportunity, to carry out the most basic methods of exercise therapy and breathing exercises in the form of flexion and extension of the limbs, fingers, deep inhalations and exhalations with breath holding and obstruction.

This will prevent the development of congestion in the lungs and thromboembolic complications.

A natural and logical question: when can you eat? Usually the appearance of appetite is this criterion and occurs on 2-3 days. The diet should be very gentle, including only liquid food with mashed potatoes, butter, and light varieties of meat. Gradually, the diet is expanding, but in the hospital it is strictly forbidden to take fatty, fried foods and smoked foods with spices, citrus fruits and juices based on them.

After 4 days the patient can be discharged with a normal course postoperative period of laparoscopy. The stitches are removed after 7-8 days. After just a month, only small scars remind you of the operation, which completely disappear after 6 months.

Laparoscopy is an innovative technique of endoscopic surgery, which is widely used for surgical treatment or diagnosis of internal organs. Today, laparoscopic treatment is widely used in gynecology - this technique makes it possible to cure many gynecological diseases, including uterine cysts and fibroids, endometriosis, and oncological tumors, with minimal trauma.

Laparoscopic treatment is considered one of the most effective, low-traumatic and safe surgical techniques. The laparoscopic method allows you to operate on any organs of the abdominal cavity - the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries, intestines, stomach, gall bladder. The popularity and prevalence of laparoscopy is explained by its high efficiency, ease of implementation, absence of severe complications and short recovery period.

Laparoscopy technique

The technique of laparoscopic intervention is as follows: the surgeon makes 3, and in some cases 4 small punctures on the patient’s abdominal wall. Typically, the diameter of such a puncture does not exceed 1.5-2 cm, and a special tool is used to deepen them. The patient is under general anesthesia at this moment and does not feel anything at all. A miniature video camera with a light source is inserted into one of the holes, and special laparoscopic instruments are inserted into the others.

In order to free up the most extensive surgical site for the surgeon, carbon dioxide is injected into one of the holes. This is necessary in order to slightly lift the walls of the abdominal cavity, giving the surgeon maximum full review and make the treatment complete. Every movement of laparoscopic instruments is displayed on a special monitor - this allows you to avoid many unnecessary movements and make manipulations extremely accurate.

After all the necessary surgical actions have been performed, the instruments and video camera are removed from the abdominal cavity, and several small sutures are placed on the holes made. It should be noted that after laparoscopy, unlike conventional strip operations, there are practically no visible scars.

Rehabilitation after laparoscopy

Recovery after surgery takes from 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the severity of the operation and the development of any complications. For 2-3 hours after the operation, the woman recovers from general anesthesia - during this time she may feel weakness, nausea, and dizziness. All recommendations of the operating surgeon should be strictly followed.

Also, on the first day after laparoscopy, a woman may feel pain in the lower abdomen - in most cases, these painful sensations are mild. This may be the result of both the surgical intervention itself and the carbon dioxide that remains inside the abdominal cavity and begins to be slowly absorbed by the body. If the pain is very severe, you should immediately inform your doctor - he will prescribe painkillers.

When can you get up after laparoscopic surgery? Treatment with the laparoscopic method has many advantages, among which are a shorter postoperative period, which, unlike the classical surgical treatment, lasts only a few weeks. Already 3-4 hours after the operation, the patient is allowed to get up and walk around the room a little. Walking is not only allowed, but also strongly recommended - this is necessary in order to normalize blood circulation after laparoscopy, as well as prevent the development of thrombophlebitis and adhesions. Of course, you should not be particularly zealous with walking - all movements should be as smooth and careful as possible.

Many women who have undergone laparoscopic treatment are concerned with the question: how many days after surgery can you drink and eat? It is not recommended to eat on the first day after surgical treatment - the body must “rest” after surgery. You can drink already on the first day after laparoscopy - it is best to drink non-carbonated mineral water, fruit compote or fruit drink, weak tea, jelly. You need to drink in small sips, trying not to strain your abdominal muscles.

Diet after laparoscopy

The postoperative period requires careful adherence to a certain diet. You can eat on the second day after surgery. It is recommended to eat fractionally - in small portions, but often. The best option is 5-6 meals a day. During the postoperative period, you should not eat heavy foods. The following foods are strictly prohibited:

Spicy, fatty or fried foods prepared with big amount butter or vegetable oil, as well as animal fats.
During the rehabilitation period, it is strictly forbidden to consume smoked, pickled and canned foods.
It is forbidden to eat fatty varieties meat, lard
It is strictly forbidden to eat sweets and confectionery, fresh baked goods. These foods may cause increased gas formation and bloating.
During the rehabilitation period, a woman is recommended to exclude beans, peas and other legumes from her daily menu. They can have an intense effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, causing bloating and flatulence.

The basis of the daily diet in the postoperative period should be broths, soups, cereals and purees, fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products, whole wheat bread. Food should be simple, but contain everything necessary for the body vitamins, minerals and nutrients. You can eat steamed, boiled and stewed dishes without fat.

Is it possible to drink alcohol after laparoscopic surgery and how long after this can be done? Experts answer this question in the negative. Alcohol should not be consumed for at least 30 days after laparoscopy. You are allowed to drink only weak tea, jelly, fruit juice, compote of berries, fresh fruits or dried fruits, yogurt, kefir and other fermented milk products, non-carbonated mineral water. Women who smoke are advised to quit smoking for 3-4 weeks. This contributes to a faster and more effective rehabilitation process.

Basic rules to remember after laparoscopy

Recovery after laparoscopy takes a long time. Throughout the entire rehabilitation period, sutures are cleaned daily. antiseptic drugs, as well as replacing the dressing with a sterile one. Treatment after laparoscopy must be continued at home. As a rule, the patient is discharged from the hospital 4-6 days after surgery.

No less important question, which concerns every woman after this procedure: when can I have sex? For at least 3-4 weeks after laparoscopy, it is recommended to strictly observe sexual rest and completely abstain from sexual intercourse. This is necessary so that all operated internal organs have time to fully recover and begin their normal functioning.

How soon can you play sports? It should be remembered that the rehabilitation process after laparoscopy lasts at least 4 weeks, and during this period it is worth protecting your body from stress. Therefore, even after discharge from the clinic, you must strictly follow all the advice and restrictions that the doctor will tell you about, and also do everything that the specialist advises. Do not forget about limiting physical activity - the abdominal muscles should be at rest, so you are only allowed to walk slowly. That is why not only active sports, but also any physical activity are not allowed. That is why the question: how long after you can play sports should be approached with maximum responsibility.

The only activity that is allowed during the recovery period is leisurely hiking on fresh air. Sports activities are allowed to be resumed no earlier than 4-5 weeks after surgery. Also, do not forget that lifting any weights is strictly prohibited. The maximum permissible weight of the lifted weight should not exceed 3 kg. The duration of such a restriction is 2-3 months. How long are sports activities prohibited? At least 4-6 weeks.

What should you not do after a laparoscopy procedure? Long trips in transport, as well as air travel, are prohibited. It is also strictly forbidden to visit baths and saunas, solariums, or swim in public reservoirs and pools.

The sutures after this surgical intervention are removed approximately 6-7 days after the procedure. Of course, this happens provided there are no complications. Should be paid Special attention that until the stitches are removed, the woman is strictly forbidden to take a bath or shower. Only partial hygiene procedures by wiping the body are allowed. This can be done with a regular damp sponge.

If treatment by laparoscopic method was carried out as surgical treatment gynecological diseases, after the procedure a woman may experience slight discharge from the genital tract, which contains blood. Don't be alarmed by this - this is a completely normal phenomenon that is the result of surgical procedures. Concerns should arise only if the discharge suddenly becomes very abundant, blood clots appear in it, or it acquires a bright scarlet hue. In this case, you shouldn't start self-treatment– you should immediately report the discharge to your healthcare professional, as such changes may indicate an infection or severe complications after laparoscopy.

Update: December 2018

Unfortunately, not all women manage to get pregnant “easily and simply”, without delays and problems. Various gynecological diseases become an obstacle to motherhood, and in such cases medicine comes to the rescue. Laparoscopic surgery, which can be performed both because of the inability to get pregnant, and because of treatment for any gynecological pathology, is one of the methods to help become a mother. But on the other hand, patients who have undergone this manipulation have a lot of questions: when can they get pregnant, what is needed for this, whether the operation will cause infertility, and others.

Laparoscopy: what's the point?

Laparoscopy, which translated from Greek means “looking at the womb,” is a modern surgical method, the essence of which is to perform surgical operations through three small holes (up to 1.5 cm). Laparoscopy is used to operate on the abdominal and pelvic region. Laparoscopy is widely used in gynecology, as it allows you to reach both the appendages (tubes and ovaries) and the uterus.

The main laparoscopic instrument is the laparoscope, which is equipped with lighting and a video camera (everything that happens in the pelvis is displayed on a television screen). Various laparoscopic instruments are inserted through the other 2 openings. To provide surgical space, the abdominal cavity is filled with carbon dioxide. As a result, the abdomen swells, and the anterior abdominal wall rises above the internal organs, forming a dome.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

First of all, it is worth noting that with laparoscopic access, the surgeon sees much wider and more accurately the organs on which he operates due to multiple optical magnification of the given area. Other advantages should be noted:

low trauma to organs (they do not come into contact with gloves, air and gauze swabs);
minor blood loss;
short periods of hospital stay (no more than two to three days);
there is practically no pain (except for a feeling of distension in the abdomen in the first or second days after the operation, until the gas is absorbed);
absence of rough scars, except for the places where the holes were sutured;
quick rehabilitation period (does not require bed rest);
low probability of formation of postoperative adhesions;
the possibility of simultaneous diagnosis and surgical treatment;

The disadvantages of laparoscopy include:

requires general anesthesia, which is fraught with various complications;
requires specially trained surgeons;
the impossibility of performing some operations laparoscopically (large tumor sizes, operations involving suturing of blood vessels).

Examination before laparoscopy

Before laparoscopy, as before any other surgical operation, it is necessary to undergo a certain examination, the list of which includes:

examination of the patient on a gynecological chair;
complete blood count (with platelets and leukocyte count);
general urine analysis;
blood clotting test;
blood chemistry;
blood group and Rh factor;
blood for hepatitis, syphilis and HIV infection;
gynecological smears (from the vagina, cervix and urethra);
ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
fluorography and electrocardiography;
spermogram of the husband in case of laparoscopy for infertility.

Laparoscopic surgery is prescribed for the first phase of the cycle, immediately after the end of menstruation (approximately 6–7 days).

Indications for use

Laparoscopy is performed for both planned and emergency indications. Indications for immediate laparoscopic surgery are:

ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy;
rupture of an ovarian cyst;
torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst;
necrosis of the myomatous node or torsion of the subserous node of uterine fibroids;
acute purulent inflammatory diseases of the appendages (tubo-ovarian formation, pyovar, pyosalpinx)

But, as a rule, laparoscopic operations are performed as planned (not all clinics are equipped with special equipment). Indications for them are:

Fallopian tube ligation as a method of contraception;
temporary sterilization (clamping of the fallopian tubes with clips);
various tumors and tumor-like formations of the ovaries (cysts);
polycystic ovary syndrome;
genital endometriosis (adenomyosis and ovarian endometriosis);
uterine fibroids (multiple nodes for myomectomy, removal of pedunculated subserous nodes, amputation of the uterus if its size is small);
tubal infertility, intersection of adhesions in the pelvis;
abnormalities of the internal genital organs;
removal of the ovary/ovaries or removal of the uterus (amputation and extirpation);
restoration of patency of the fallopian tubes;
chronic pelvic pain of unknown etiology;
diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea.

Contraindications

Laparoscopic surgery, like laparotomy, has a number of contraindications. Absolute contraindications are:

diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation;
cerebral hemorrhage;
coagulopathies (hemophilia);
kidney and liver failure;
malignant diseases of the pelvic organs greater than grade 2 plus the presence of metastases;
shock and coma of any etiology.

In addition, laparoscopic surgery is prohibited for “its own” specific reasons:

incomplete and inadequate examination of spouses in the presence of infertility;
the presence of sexual and general acute and chronic infectious diseases or in case of recovery less than 6 weeks ago;
subacute or chronic salpingoophoritis (surgical treatment is carried out only for acute purulent inflammation of the appendages);
pathological indicators of laboratory and additional examination methods;
3 – 4 degree of vaginal smear purity;
obesity.

Laparoscopy: when can you get pregnant?

And finally, the climax of the article has come: when can you plan a pregnancy or even “get active” after laparoscopic surgery? It is not easy to answer this question unambiguously, since much depends not only on the diagnosis for which the operation was performed, but also on concomitant gynecological diseases, any difficulties during the operation and in the postoperative period, the woman’s age and the presence/absence of ovulation before the operation .

After tubal obstruction (tubal-peritoneal infertility)

If laparoscopic surgery was performed for obstruction of the fallopian tubes (dissection of adhesions), then doctors, as a rule, allow planning a pregnancy no earlier than 3 months.

What explains this? After laparoscopy of the fallopian tubes and dissection of the adhesions that are tightening them, the tubes themselves are still in a state of edema for some time, and in order to return to normal, they need some time. The swelling subsides after about a month, but the body also needs rest to recover after the operation and to “regulate” the functioning of the ovaries.

It is undeniable that the less time has passed since the separation of adhesions, the higher the chances of conception, but. Against the background of swollen, hyperemic and “in a state of shock” pipes, there is a high probability ectopic pregnancy, that’s why doctors recommend waiting. And so that the wait is not painful, combined oral contraceptives, usually monophasic, are prescribed for a three-month period. Such a prescription of hormonal pills serves not only the purpose of preventing “pregnancy that occurs at the wrong time,” but also to give the ovaries a rest, which, after stopping the pills, will begin to work (ovulate) in an enhanced mode.

After cyst removal

After laparoscopy for an ovarian cyst, pregnancy should also not be rushed. Laparoscopic removal of an ovarian cyst is performed very carefully; only the ovarian cyst itself is removed, leaving healthy tissue behind.

In most cases, ovarian function is restored within a month. And yet, doctors advise to delay the desired pregnancy as at least 3, preferably 6 months.

For this period, oral monophasic contraceptives are usually prescribed, which protect against unplanned conception, allow the ovaries to rest and normalize. If the pregnancy occurs earlier than the agreed upon date, then problems with its course are possible, so you should not delay visiting a doctor and registering.

After polycystic disease

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by the presence of many small cysts on the surface of the ovaries. The operation can be performed in three ways:

cauterization - when multiple incisions are made on the ovarian capsule;
wedge resection - excision of part of the ovary along with the capsule;
decortication - removal of part of the compacted ovarian capsule.

After such operations for polycystic disease, the ability to conceive (ovulation) is restored for a short period (maximum a year). Therefore, you should start planning your pregnancy as early as possible (approximately one month after surgery when sexual rest is canceled).

After an ectopic pregnancy

After laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy, doctors it is strictly forbidden to become pregnant for six months(it does not matter whether a tubectomy or enucleation was performed ovum from the pipe with its preservation). This period is necessary to restore hormonal levels after an interrupted pregnancy (as well as after a miscarriage). You should protect yourself for 6 months by taking hormonal pills.

After endometriosis

Laparoscopy of endometriosis consists of either removing the endometrioid cyst or cauterizing endometrioid lesions on the surfaces of organs and peritoneum with simultaneous dissection of adhesions. Pregnancy has a beneficial effect on the course of endometriosis, as it inhibits the process of growth of lesions and the formation of new ones. But in any case, doctors recommend planning pregnancy no earlier than 3 months.

As a rule, laparoscopic surgery is supplemented by the prescription of hormonal therapy, the duration of which can last for six months. In this case, pregnancy can be planned after completing the course of hormone therapy.

After uterine fibroids

If a laparoscopic conservative myomectomy was performed (that is, removal of myomatous nodes while preserving the uterus), the uterus needs time to form “good” wealthy scars. In addition, the ovaries also need to “rest” in order to function effectively in the future. Therefore, pregnancy planning is allowed no earlier than 6 – 8 months after operation. During this “rest period”, it is recommended to take oral contraceptives and regular ultrasound examination of the uterus (to check the healing process and the consistency of scars).

Pregnancy that occurs earlier than the agreed term can cause uterine rupture along the scar, which can lead to its removal.

Laparoscopy: chances of pregnancy

There is a chance of pregnancy within a year after laparoscopic surgery in 85% of women. How long after laparoscopy is pregnancy possible (by month):

after 1 month, 20% of women report a positive pregnancy test;
20% of patients become pregnant within 3–5 months after surgery;
within 6 to 8 months, pregnancy was registered in 30% of patients;
by the end of the year, the desired pregnancy occurred in 15% of women.

However, there are still 15% of women who have undergone laparoscopy and never become pregnant. In such situations, doctors recommend not to delay the wait, but to resort to IVF. After all, the longer the time passes after the operation, the less likely the chances of conceiving a child become.

Rehabilitation after laparoscopy

After laparoscopy, rehabilitation of the body occurs much faster than after laparotomy (an incision in the abdominal wall). By evening, the woman is allowed to get up and walk, and is discharged after a couple to three days. You are also allowed to start eating on the day of surgery, but meals should be small and low in calories.

Sutures, if they were applied, are removed on 7–8 days. As a rule, there is no pronounced pain, but in the first days you may be bothered by bursting pain in the abdomen due to the gas introduced into the abdominal cavity. After its absorption, the pain disappears.

Menstrual cycle after laparoscopy

After undergoing laparoscopic surgery, in most cases, menstruation comes on time, which indicates the normal functioning of the ovaries. Immediately after the operation, moderate mucous or bloody discharge may appear, which is considered normal, especially if the intervention was performed on the ovaries.

Minor bleeding may continue for three weeks with the transition to menstruation. Sometimes there is a delay in menstruation from 2 - 3 days to 2 - 3 weeks. If the delay is longer, you should consult a doctor.

Menstruation after an ectopic pregnancy, which was removed by laparoscopy, occurs on average within a month, plus or minus a few days. In the first days after laparoscopic removal of an ectopic pregnancy, slight or moderate bloody issues, which is absolutely normal. This discharge is associated with the rejection of the decidua (where the embryo should have attached, but did not attach) from the uterine cavity.

Preparing for pregnancy after laparoscopy

In order to increase the chances of conception and reduce the risk of possible complications of the desired pregnancy, you first need to undergo examination:

mandatory visit to a gynecologist;
general clinical tests (blood, urine), biochemistry and blood sugar as indicated;
PCR tests for sexually transmitted infections (if detected, mandatory treatment);
smears from the vagina, cervix and urethra;
determination of hormonal status (according to indications) and correction of disorders;
Ultrasound of the reproductive system;
genetic consultation (preferably for all married couples).

It is possible that a more extensive examination will be needed, for example, a colposcopy or ultrasound of the mammary glands, which is decided by the doctor observing the woman.

reception folic acid at least three months before the planned pregnancy;
completely give up bad habits, including for the future father;
lead a healthy and active image life (walks in the fresh air, moderate physical and sports activities);
review your diet in favor of a healthy and fortified diet;
avoid stressful situations if possible;
calculate or determine the days of ovulation (using a special ovulation test) and “be active” during this period.

How does pregnancy proceed after laparoscopy?

If you follow the terms after which pregnancy is permitted and recommendations during the planning period, pregnancy, as a rule, proceeds without complications. All deviations from the normal course of the gestation period are not associated with the laparoscopic operation performed, but with the reason for which the operation was performed.

For example, when pregnancy occurs after ovarian laparoscopy earlier than 3 months, the risk of early miscarriage increases due to a failure of the hormone-producing function of the ovaries. Therefore, in this situation, the doctor will most likely prescribe progesterone drugs and antispasmodics to prevent miscarriage. The development of other complications of gestation cannot be ruled out:

intrauterine infection due to chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
polyhydramnios (as a result of infection);
placenta previa (after removal of fibroids);
fetoplacental insufficiency ( hormonal dysfunction, infection);
incorrect position and presentation of the fetus (uterine surgery).

Course of labor

The previous laparoscopic operation is not an indication for a planned cesarean section, so the birth is carried out through the natural birth canal. The only exceptions are those operations that were performed on the uterus (removal of fibroid nodes or reconstruction of the uterus due to developmental anomalies), since after them scars remain on the uterus, creating a danger of its rupture during childbirth. Complications of childbirth that are possible are associated with the presence of gynecological pathology for which laparoscopy was performed, and not with the operation:

anomalies of generic forces;
prolonged labor;
early postpartum bleeding;
postpartum subinvolution of the uterus.

Question answer

Question:
Six months ago I had a laparoscopy, but the pregnancy never occurred, does this mean that the operation was ineffective?

Answer: Laparoscopic surgery cannot be ineffective. In any case, for whatever reason it was performed (polycystic ovary syndrome, cyst or ectopic), the surgeon eliminated everything pathological formations. Six months, of course, is already a decent period, but pregnancy can occur after 9 or 12 months. The main thing is to follow your doctor's recommendations.

Question:
Why is there no pregnancy after laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: Firstly, it is necessary to clarify how long after the operation pregnancy does not occur. If less than a year has passed, then you should not worry; you may need to undergo an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and take blood tests for hormones (progesterone, estrogens, prolactin, testosterone). In some cases, the doctor prescribes a more detailed examination to clarify the cause of infertility. It is possible that the operation was performed for obstruction of the tubes and patency was restored, but there is also anovulation or some pathology in the husband’s sperm.

Question:
After laparoscopy, the doctor prescribed me hormonal pills. Is it necessary to take them?

Answer: Yes, after laparoscopic surgery, no matter for what reason it was performed, it is mandatory to take hormonal pills. They not only protect against unwanted pregnancy, but also normalize hormonal background and give rest to the ovaries.