home Adviсe Atony of the proventriculus of cattle. Measures to prevent atony of the proventriculus. For what reason does it occur?

Atony of the proventriculus of cattle. Measures to prevent atony of the proventriculus. For what reason does it occur?

Hypotension and atony of the forestomach- reduction of contractions and weakening of contractions of the scar, book, mesh (hypotonia) and cessation of contractions (atony). They occur frequently. There are acute and chronic courses, primary and secondary diseases.

Etiology. Primary hypotension and atony can occur with a sudden change in feed, especially when switching from juicy to coarse and, conversely, when feeding large quantities of uncrushed grain. The cause of the disease can be stress factors: change of service personnel, transportation of animals, etc. Secondary hypotension is a consequence of other pathologies: overfilling of the abomasum, clogged books, mastitis, etc.

Chronic primary hypotension develops from acute ones or occurs with monotonous, low-nutrient feeding (dry straw, chaff, chaff, twig feed, poor-quality silage, etc.); secondary - accompany metabolic disorders, inflammatory processes in organs abdominal cavity and peritoneum, chronic infectious diseases.

Symptoms Appetite is reduced or absent, the number and duration of chewing gum is reduced, contractions of the rumen are sluggish or not detected at all, peristalsis of the intestines, abomasum and book is weakened, the contents of the rumen are initially dense, then liquid. With a long course of the disease, lethargy is noted, chewing gum and belching are irregular. The rumen after eating food is swollen due to the accumulation of gases, the consistency of the contents is compacted, palpation of the left iliac is painful.

Diagnostics. Primary acute hypotension and atony of the forestomach are recognized by clinical signs and anamnestic data. In the diagnosis of secondary chronic hypotension, it is not always possible to determine the root cause of the disease, and therefore, to prescribe appropriate treatment.

Forecast. At acute course disease - favorable, in case of chronic disease - cautious, as intoxication develops with a significant decrease in productivity.

Treatment. In all forms, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease. To remove toxic substances, the rumen is washed with a 1% solution of sodium sulfate or bicarbonate (30-40 l for a cow). The motor activity of the forestomach is restored by a set of measures: massage of the left iliac for 10-20 minutes 2-4 times a day, exercises 2-3 times a day for 20-30 minutes, intravenous administration of hellebore tincture - 5-12 ml for cattle and 2- 4 ml for sheep and goats, bitters are indicated (wormwood 20-30 g 2 times a day, gentian root 20-25 g, vodka 100-150 ml for cattle).

Prevention. Organization proper feeding and content. Animals (especially pregnant ones) should not be given contaminated food, a large number of grain feed, pulp, stillage, unprepared dry feed (cut straw, chaff, husks, etc.). The transition from one type of food to another should be gradual.

Lethargy, apathy, partial or complete failure from food may indicate the development of proventriculus atony in the cow. If you do not pay attention to these symptoms in time and do not start treatment, the cow may develop intestinal obstruction, and severe cases lead to the death of the animal.

Atony is a lack of tone in the muscles of the proventriculus, as a result of which their contractility ceases. In severe cases, a decrease in muscle tone leads to a complete cessation of the proventriculus. The result of organ dysfunction is stagnation and inability to digest food. Cattle are most susceptible to this disease.

Atony of the forestomach in cows leads to stagnation and inability to digest food.

The ability to contract muscles in the organs of the proventriculus can develop for several reasons:

Chronic atony is a consequence of untreated acute stages of the disease.

Symptoms and features of the disease

Atony has very characteristic symptoms:

Refusal of food.
Reduced milk yield.
Lethargy and apathy.
Temperature rises to 40 degrees.
Sudden weight loss.
Dense feces brown or complete absence defecation.

A cow suffering from atony of the forestomach quickly loses weight.

When you palpate the cow's belly, you can feel the compaction of the rumen and the absence of its contractions. Normally, the number of contractions before eating is 2-3 in 2 minutes; after feeding, their number increases up to 5 times over the same time period. With the development of atony, the number of contractions decreases, and in severe forms stops completely.

At the initial stage of atony development, rumen contractions decrease. This stage The disease is called hypotension. The first symptoms of the development of the disease are belching gases and lack of chewing gum. Acute hypotension can develop abruptly. Within a few hours, the cow's rumen stops contracting, and her condition deteriorates sharply.

What signs indicate disruption of the proventriculus?

The first signs of the development of hypotension and atony are a decrease in appetite and a cow’s tendency to lie low. The owner must immediately pay attention to such changes in the animal’s behavior and accept necessary measures. The most characteristic sign of the disease is the cessation of belching.

With atony of the proventriculus, cows refuse to eat.

When these symptoms appear, it is necessary to palpate the cow's belly. If rumen contractions occur less frequently than 1-2 per 5 minutes, it means that the cow has developed hypotension, and urgent measures must be taken.

Methods of treating the disease

The most effective treatment for atony consists of a set of measures. The goal of treatment is to restore motility and secretion of the proventriculus organs, normalize the microflora in the organs, eliminate the processes of decay and intoxication.

Correct therapy leads to an improvement in the cow’s condition within the first three days. With timely initiation of treatment full recovery motility of the forestomach occurs within 5-7 days.

The treatment regimen for atony is as follows:

Medicines and folk remedies

For effective treatment atony and to prevent it from flowing into chronic form the cow should be immediately shown to a veterinarian to determine the severity of the disease and prescription necessary medications. Most often, the cow is given injections of pilocarpine, proserine or physostigmine. For symptomatic treatment once a day for 1-2 days the animal is given 1 liter of water with 50 ml diluted in it ethyl alcohol, 100 gr. yeast and 200 gr. Sahara.

In case of significant intoxication of the cow's body, the use of intravenous injections of glucose with caffeine, magnesium, sodium sulfate, hypertonic solutions sodium chloride. To stop at digestive system fermentation and putrefactive processes, the cow is soldered with a solution of ichthyol (15 ml per liter of water 2 times a day), formalin or creolin.

For normalization fermentation processes in modern veterinary medicine they are used modern drugs: protosubtilin, macerobacillin, amylosubtilin.

Good effect when treating atony in cows, injections of Proserin are given.

For rapid removal from the rumen, laxatives are prescribed: sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate. For normalization acid balance the use of lactic acid is indicated - 25 -75 ml per liter of water, hydrochloric acid - 1-2 tablespoons per liter of water. Acids are given once for 2-3 days.

The restoration of reflex activity of the forestomach is facilitated by the use of medicinal herbs:

Cheremitsa. A tincture of this herb is fed to a cow for 3 days. The herb promotes the release of gases and improves intestinal motility.
Sagebrush. Improves appetite. The cow is given 10-30 ml of tincture once a day for 5 days. You can give wormwood in the form of herbs 10-20 grams 2 times a day.
Cucumber, cabbage, tomato brine - 500 ml once a day.

Measures to prevent atony of the proventriculus

The main condition for preventing atony in a cow is the correct organization of its feeding, as well as compliance with recommendations for caring for it and living conditions:

Cows should only be given clean, fresh water.

The feed used must be of good quality. It is not permissible to use moldy, rotten, musty hay or straw, rotten root crops, green or sprouted potatoes.
We do not allow a sudden transfer of a cow from one feed to another.
An important condition is compliance with the norms and number of feedings, taking into account the physiological state of the body and the age of the livestock. An animal should not be allowed to starve and then be fed twice the amount of food.
Rough feed should be given to the cow exclusively in steamed form or mixed with juicy products.
It is recommended to feed the cow with heated, clean water.
During the winter stall period, the cow needs daily walks for 2 hours.

The prognosis for a cow's recovery if it is detected early and therapy is started is quite favorable. Therapeutic feeding provides enough quick effect and helps restore the tone of the forestomach.

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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE RF ALTAI STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

DEPARTMENT OF THERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY

COURSE WORK

BYINTERNAL NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

CHRONIC HYPOTENSION AND ATONIA OF THE TREATSTOMACH

Is done by a student

4 correspondence courses

Lazarev Eduard Gennadievich

Barnaul 2005

ANIMAL REGISTRATION

Type of animal: cattle Nickname: Zorka Gender: cow

Color: black and white

Age: 5 years, 7 months

Owner of the animal: Rozhkov Vladimir Ivanovich Address: Aleysk, st. Altaiskaya 55, t.22-1-62 Date of illness: January 16, 2005

ANAMNESIS OF LIFE

1. The animal was purchased in the same locality. 2. Kept in a wooden log barn, which is dark and damp. Ventilation is insufficient and there is no bedding on the plank floor. The animal is kept in a tethered state and there is no exercise for a long time.

3. Individual feeding, the diet consisted of: low quality hay, straw, frozen pulp.

4. Individual watering, from the water supply ad libitum, the water is clean, but cold and with impurities of salts.

5. In this farmstead, a cow is kept to obtain milk from it. The annual milk yield from this cow is 2850 kg of milk.

6. The cow was pregnant at the time of examination and treatment (third pregnancy), last birth were on March 27, 2004. The last fruitful insemination, according to the owner, was July 27, 2004. The duration of the dry period in previous calvings was 54-65 days. There were no pathologies during childbirth or the postpartum period.

7. The epizootic state of this farmstead is safe according to infectious diseases, as well as locality, in which it is located.

This cow was regularly subjected to veterinary treatments and diagnostic tests 2 times a year for 5 years of life. The last ones were carried out in September 2004.

HISTORY OF THE DISEASE

1. This animal became ill after eating a large amount of cold, frozen pulp. Despite the fact that the cow had been fed low-nutrient roughage feed and the same pulp for a long time almost from the time it was put into winter housing, and clinical signs of the symptoms of the disease appeared only several months after the start of feeding the cow with the above-mentioned low-quality feed.

2. At the onset of the disease, the following clinical signs were noted: refusal to feed, general depression, lethargy. The cow lay a lot, milk yield sharply decreased. Body temperature was within the physiological norm; pulse and breathing are increased. On the day of illness, chewing gum and belching are irregular, rare, with a shortened ruminant period. Gases released during belching are bad smell. The scar was very full and swollen. The consistency of the scar is compacted. Palpation of the scar area and the book caused pain and anxiety. At the time of illness, bowel movements were rare.

3. The cow previously suffered from mastitis, injuries to the pelvic limbs and left horn, hypodermatosis, and scabies.

4. In the observed farmstead (of cattle), there is only one cow, so there are no other animals with similar clinical signs. According to the cow's owner, she had similar symptoms before, but they went away on their own within 1-2 days.

5. The animal was previously treated against the diseases specified in paragraph 3 by veterinarians of the Aleisk Animal Disease Control Station, where all the necessary veterinary preventive and diagnostic measures were taken.

6. Last time the cow underwent diagnostic and preventive treatments in September 2004: blood serum test for RID leukemia - September 9, 2004 - the result was negative. Blood serum test for brucellosis - September 12, 2004 - negative result. Allergy test for tuberculosis - September 3, 2004 - negative result. Vaccination against anthrax and emkara - September 3, 2004. Treatment against the subcutaneous gadfly with the drug “Hypodectin” - October 17, 2004.

GENERAL RESEARCH

On the day the animal fell ill, the owner of the cow called a veterinarian to the house to find out the causes of the disease, make a diagnosis and further treatment. Clinical examination revealed the following:

disorders and signs: The body position was forced to lie down, with signs of scar swelling. Nutrition is unsatisfactory, on the verge of exhaustion. There was general depression, pulse and breathing were increased. The animal refused food and acted scared or anxious. The Constitution is loose.

Temperament is calm. Temperament is good.

SKIN EXAMINATION

The skin color in non-pigmented areas is pale pink, anemic, in distant areas it is bluish in places. Skin elasticity is reduced.

Temperature. When examining symmetrical areas of the lateral surfaces of the chest and limbs, the temperature is almost the same. The skin is moderately warm, equally expressed in symmetrical areas. No general or local increase in temperature was detected.

Humidity is increased. Local sweating is noted in the withers area. The sweat is warm and sticky with a specific putrid-sour odor.

PATHOLOGICALLYE SKIN CHANGES

There were no obvious violations of the integrity of the skin; there were only minor contaminated wounds on the lateral pelvic limbs, caused by the uneven floor in the stall.

Found in the sacral area skin lesions in the form of vesicles or pustules from scabies mites. Lice were found in the hair in the neck and withers area.

ANDEXAMINATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES

Conjunctiva - no discharge from the inner corner of the eyes was observed. Conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, lips, oral cavity, vagina -

pale pink, anemic. Various overlays And foreign bodies-- not revealed as a result of inspection. Humidity: moderately humid, without swelling or puffiness. No integrity violations were detected.

IPTRACING THE LYMPH NODES

When examining the lymph nodes: prescapular, knee fold and suprauterine, the following deviations from the norm were revealed.

Magnitude. The suprauterine lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. The shape and surface of all the above nodes are normal.

Mobility - the prescapular lymph nodes turned out to be somewhat inactive.

The consistency is dense and painless.

Temperature - no increase in local temperature (lymph nodes are moderately warm).

BODY TEMPERATURE

During the entire period of observation and treatment, the body temperature of the animal under study varied up and down, but within the range of 37.5 - 39.5. There may have been temperature deviations from the norm, but at night it was not measured by the attending physician.

STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS. CARDIOVASCULARCHCTKMA

Heart beat. In a sick cow, the intensity of the cardiac impulse was observed in the 4th intercostal space; it was moderate in strength.

The nature of the cardiac impulse is limited (localized). Rhythm - rhythmic.

When determining absolute and relative dullness of the heart by percussion, it was determined that the zone of absolute dullness of the heart was not enlarged. By determining the upper and posterior borders of the heart, it was established that the borders of the heart were not changed or displaced.

The soreness of the cardiac region in a sick cow was determined by the upper and posterior border of the heart. Upper limit the heart runs along the line of the shoulder joint, and the back along the 5th rib (up to the 6th rib).

Upon auscultation of the heart, it was determined that the heart sounds were muffled and the systolic tone was increased.

Rhythm - rhythmic tones.

Heart sounds in a cow were heard at the following points: semilunar valves of the aorta - in the 4th intercostal space on the left at the level of the horizontal line of the shoulder joint, bicuspid valve - in the 4th intercostal space 2-3 fingers below this line, semilunar valves pulmonary artery in the 3rd intercostal space at the level of the bicuspid valve, on the right - the point of the tricuspid valve in the 4th intercostal space 2-3 fingers below the line of the shoulder joint.

PULSE

In a sick cow, the pulse rate was determined on the hidden artery (the saphenous artery), located in the middle of the lower leg, as well as the median artery of the tail. On the day of examination, the number of pulse beats was 107-115 beats per minute. During the period of observation and treatment of the animal, the pulse rate on different days was different, from 50 - 80 beats per minute (normal physiological state), to 100 - 118 during the period of accumulation of gases and swelling of the rumen.

The rhythm is predominantly rhythmic. By voltage vascular wall- somewhat harsh.

The filling is moderate. According to the tension of the vascular wall, it is hard or soft. The size of the pulse wave is average. The nature of the decline in the pulse wave is moderately declining.

Vein research. The jugular and mammary veins of a sick cow were examined. The integrity of the veins is not compromised; veins are filled moderately; Minor compactions were found in some areas of the veins. Venous pulse is positive.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

UPPER SECTION.

The study cow had bilateral nasal discharge. The quantity is moderate.

Color - grayish, opaque, mucous consistency. The nature of the discharge is serous-mucosal.

There were impurities in the outflow, but it seemed that they consisted of

The exhaled air is moderately warm, without any special odors.

Accessory nasal cavities (maxillary and frontal) without visible damage, symmetrical, painless, local temperature is not increased.

LARYNX. Upon examination it was determined that there were no changes in the position of the head. The cow held and turned her head naturally.

On palpation of the larynx, no swelling, tumors, deformation of the laryngeal cartilage or other changes were found.

The soreness of the larynx was immediately identified, since the owner of the cow wanted to independently, before contacting a veterinarian, insert a rubber hose to release gases accumulated in the rumen, but he was unable to insert it correctly, only injuring the larynx and part of the esophagus.

TRACHEA. No swelling, deformation, fractures, or tenderness of the trachea were detected.

Auscultation revealed increased tracheal breathing and moist rales. In addition, it was revealed rare cough, short in duration, weak in strength, wet or hoarse in character.

THYROID.

In the studied cow, it is not enlarged, has a firm consistency, and is painless.

CHESTCELL

The shape of the chest is moderately rounded and symmetrical.

The type of breathing is thoraco-abdominal, as a result of slight compression by accumulated gases in the forestomach - the respiratory organs in the chest.

BREATHING MOVEMENTS.

The respiratory rate of the cow at the time of examination was 35-38 breaths per minute. The examination also determined the integrity of the ribs and intercostal muscles. No pain or hidden violations of the integrity of the ribs and muscles were revealed by palpation.

The posterior percussion borders of the lungs are shifted forward to the 10-11th rib on the left, to the 10th rib on the right.

The character of the percussion sound is dull.

Auscultation was carried out in a certain sequence: middle - anterior and middle - posterior, upper - anterior and upper - posterior, lower section chest and prescapular region. Basic breath sounds-- vesicular and bronchial breathing. Vesicular respiration is weakened. Additional noises - wheezing.

DIGESTIVEI AM THE SYSTEM. FOOD AND DRINKING

APPETITE - reduced, sometimes absent. Ingestion of food and water was difficult, and a decrease in water intake was noted.

The method of receiving feed and water is incorrect (the cow sniffs the feed for a long time, licks it with her tongue, digs with her nose in the feeder). Chewing is sluggish, intermittent, and the distinct sound of teeth grinding can be heard.

Chewing gum is broken, sluggish, painful or completely absent.

Belching in the studied animal was rarely observed, and if it did occur, it consisted of gases with a sour putrefactive odor; regurgitation with sour food masses was less common.

Swallowing is difficult and painful (as a result of damage to the larynx and esophagus by the hose).

ORAL CAVITY

ORAL SPLIT - closed. Lips are compressed, lip tone is increased, symmetrical. No tumors, wounds, abrasions, ulcers, or scratches were found. The smell from the mouth is putrid and sour. The mucous membrane is pale pink, the humidity is moderate. Swelling, edema hard palate, plaques, erosions, wounds and foreign bodies were not detected.

GUMS - with traces of mechanical damage in the form of scratches (from rough fixation when the hose was inserted by the owner), there is no bleeding, but the gums are swollen and pale.

TONGUE - moist, with a grayish-white coating. The tongue moves freely, there are no abrasions, cracks or ulcers found on it. Teeth correct form, correctly located with the correct bite, there are black-brown spots on the molars, there are carious lesions, but no pain was detected when palpated. There are no missing teeth, no broken or chipped teeth.

PHARYNX. External examination and palpation revealed: the position of the head and neck is natural, the head is raised, the local temperature is not elevated, there is slight swelling and pain in the walls. It was impossible to carry out an internal examination efficiently due to the lack of a laryngoscope with a light source, so they diagnosed only method palpation and inspection.

ESOPHAGUS. Slight swelling and tenderness were noted. Passing a food coma is difficult, perhaps simply painful.

SALIVARY GLANDS. When examining and palpating the parotid and submandibular glands - swelling, pain, injuries, other damage and functional disorder not detected.

ABDOMINAL WALLS. Upon visual examination, I immediately discovered asymmetrical abdominal walls, due to swelling of the scar and protrusion abdominal wall outward (on the left side). The tone of the abdominal muscles is increased.

FOREASTOMACHES OF RUMINANTS

SCAR. Palpation determined the pain and filling of the scar, which was filled with solid contents and gases. The number of rumen contractions in 5 minutes was 2 very weak, short-lived contractions. Auscultation determined the presence of faint noises in the rumen. The percussion sound in the area of the hungry fossa is tympanic, and in the lower part of the scar it is dull or dull.

NET. When pressing (test for reticulitis) in the area of the xiphoid process of the sternum and percussion along the line of attachment of the diaphragm (along the 12th intercostal space, along the line of the shoulder joint, 10th intercostal space, in the area of the articulation of the ribs with cartilage - 8th intercostal space on the left) - pain is not established. Other tests for reticulitis: a) gathering the skin into a fold in the withers area, b) raising the head to horizontal position dorsum of the nose with simultaneous gathering of the skin into a fold in the withers area (Rygg's method), c) Ryugg's method is combined with pressure on the area of the xiphoid process, d) slow hand pressure in the 10th intercostal space on the left and right, r) milking of the first nipples (for diagnosis reticulo-peritonitis) - no confirmation of reticulitis or peritonitis was given.

BOOK. Pressure in the area of the 8th-9th intercostal spaces and percussion did not detect any obvious pain. Book noises during auscultation are rare and difficult to hear. Percussion sound is dull.

ABOMASUM. Pressing with the hand placed under the costal arch, I did not find any obvious pain in the area of the abomasum. Peristalsis of the abomasum during auscultation is rare or completely absent. Percussion sound is dull.

INTESTINE - thin and thick sections. Their peristalsis is weakened or completely absent. Percussion sound is dull or dull.

LIVER. The area of hepatic dullness is slightly enlarged. In the cow under study, the hepatic dullness in the 12th intercostal space reaches the line of the ischial tuberosity, and in the 11th intercostal space slightly below the line of the middle of the scapula.

SPLEN -- in cattle it is not available for research.

DEFECATION. In a sick cow it is rare or absent for a long time. The animal's posture is unnatural (expressed in protrusion of the abdominal wall in the area of the scar and sometimes supine position). The act of defecation is rare, but painful (after using therapeutic and preventive activities - diarrhea was observed).

CAL. There was no bowel movement on the day of illness, after use medicinal drugs a small amount of stool with a dense consistency was released. Subsequently, it was brown-green in color, mushy consistency, specific sour or putrid smell. Feed digestibility is poor. There were impurities in the form of mucus and gray films on the surface and in the internal layers of the feces, dark and tarry blood on the surface of the fecal masses.

RECTAL EXAMINATION. The tone of the anal sphincter is moderate. Filling of the rectum - a lot of feces. The mucous membrane is hot, moderately moist, swollen, painful. No tumors or damage to the integrity of the intestines were detected. The rumen is very full, slightly swollen, its contents have a dense consistency. Contents of thick and fine sections The intestines were also of dense consistency; there was an increase in certain areas of the large intestine and its soreness. I was unable to palpate the size and consistency of the liver.

GINOROGENITAL SYSTEM

BUD. The cow's left kidney was rectally palpated (the right one is inaccessible with rectal examination). I established: the position is normal, not enlarged, rounded lobular shape, elastic consistency, I did not notice any pain.

URETERS - pain, degree of their enlargement, presence urinary stones not detected.

BLADDER. Examined rectally, located in the pelvic, partly in the abdominal cavity. Round in shape, moderately filled, elastic consistency, no stones or tumors were found.

URETHRA. The traffic is free. No wounds, swellings, neoplasms or urinary stones were found.

URINATION. The frequency is rare. The posture is unnatural (impossibility to hunch the back due to overfilling and swelling of the scar). The process of urination is difficult or even painful.

GENITAL ORGANS

VULVA, VAGINA. When examined using a vaginal speculum, it was revealed that there were no injuries, neoplasms, hemorrhages or swelling. Local temperature is normal. The condition of the mucous membrane is normal (color pale pink with a yellowish tint). Expiration, discharge, foreign odor and no pain was detected.

CERVIX. The position is central. The opening of the cervical canal is closed, the neck has an elastic cylindrical shape, and is slightly displaced into the abdominal cavity. The surface is folded, the consistency is dense, no wounds, ulcers, cysts or pain were detected.

UTERUS. She was examined rectally, her position in the abdominal cavity was shifted to the right, she was pregnant. Inactive, some parts of the fetal body can be felt inside, fluctuation of amniotic fluid is noted. The tone of the uterus is moderate, of dense consistency. The size of the fetus corresponds to a six-month gestation period.

OVARIES. Not enlarged, round in shape, the surface is lumpy, the consistency is elastic, there is a yellow body. No pain, cysts or other pathologies were detected.

The oviducts are thickened, dense, painless.

UDDER. The shape is round, during the period of illness it is reduced in volume. The hair is preserved, the skin color of the udder is pale (anemic). No damage was found in the form of bruises, scratches, cracks, ulcers, or rashes. The swelling and temperature of the udder in symmetrical areas are almost the same. The elasticity of the udder skin is reduced, the consistency of the udder is moderately dense, with mild pain. The nipples are broadened in shape at the base, short, the volume of the nipples is not increased. The condition of the skin around the opening of the nipples is covered brown crusts, spontaneous discharge from the nipples was not noticed. The consistency of the nipples is dense. During palpation during examination, soreness of the nipples was observed from infected microcracks and dry skin of the nipple. The sphincter tone is moderate, the nipple canal cannot be palpated, but its patency is not impaired. No milk stones were found in the cistern or nipple canal. The stream of milk being milked is divided into several streams.

MILK. White with a yellowish tint, sour odor, homogeneous watery consistency, there are minor admixtures of flakes. The reaction of milk to mastitis was not carried out.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

GENERAL CONDITION - depressed; no signs of agitation or aggression were observed during the entire period of observation and treatment.

SKULL AND SPINE - without visible damage or injury. The bones of this group are without neoplasms or protrusions, only slight softening of the bone tissue is noted, all contour lines are relatively symmetrical. There was a downward curvature of the spinal column (lordosis), however, deformation of the vertebrae and their pain were not observed with preserved pain sensitivity.

SOMATIC DEPARTMENT

Skin SENSITIVITY and pain are preserved. Deep sensitivity (determined by abducting the thoracic limb forward and backward, while the cow independently placed the abducted limb in a natural position) was preserved, but slightly reduced.

Superficial reflexes: skin - ear, withers, coronary, abdominal, caudal, anal - reduced. Deep reflexes are reduced.

ENGINESPHERE

Muscle tone and motor ability are reduced as a result malnutrition and violation of conditions of detention from placement to winter stabling. For three months the cow was not allowed to go for a walk, as a result of which functional and dystrophic changes in the motor sphere.

SENSE ORGANS

VISION - preserved, but somewhat weakened in both eyes (as a result of prolonged detention in a dimly lit barn).

Eyelids - without eversion, swelling, loss of integrity, pain.

The palpebral fissure is normal.

The eyeball is without retraction, protrusion, or strabismus. Ocular media - the cornea is transparent, smooth.

The iris has a smooth surface, a specific color,

the pupil is a normal size; characteristic shape. The lens is without opacity.

The fundus was not examined due to the lack of an ophthalmoscope.

HEARING ORGANS. Hearing is reduced. Integrity ears not broken. The discharge is not significant and serous in nature. External patency ear canal not broken.

SMELL. The animal did not adequately react to the unusual smell of hellebore tincture, therefore, the sense of smell was not lost.

RESEARCHE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Using the ocular reflex, the animal was found to be normotensive.

PROPULSION APPARATUS

The placement of the limbs is close, because pelvic limbs were placed under the body. During the wiring, no lameness was detected. Movements are cautious, even difficult. When the animal moved (when observed from the side), a shortening of the step, inward rotation of the limbs, insufficient bending in the joints, and painful forward movement of the pelvic limbs were determined.

CONDITION OF THE HOOVES. At rest and in movement, the animal rests on the entire hoof. Swelling of the corollas was noted. The surface of the hooves is rough, ringed with cracks. The shape of the hooves is oblique and compressed; por -- flabby, overgrown. The shape of the sole is convex at the heels; growth of the arrow and detachment of the horn is noted. Asymmetry of the crumbs and their swelling were revealed on all limbs.

CONDITION OF THE TENDON-LIGATION OF THE OPTIONAL APPARATUS. No damage to the integrity or pain of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus was detected. The skeleton is rough, lumpy; softening of the ribs and caudal vertebrae was noted.

CONCLUSION

Based on clinical and anamnestic data, a diagnosis was made: “ Chronic hypotension and atony of the forestomach."

EPICRISIS

hypotension forestomach disease cow

1. When analyzing the presented material and taking into account all the features, this disease of the cow should be considered as chronic hypotension and atony of the forestomach. This disease refers to diseases of the digestive system.

Etiology of the disease. Chronic hypotension and atony often develop from acute ones. They are independently caused by a diet that is monotonous in type and low in nutritional value. In this case, the cow was fed for a long time on dry straw, coarse late-mown hay, sometimes chaff, as well as low-quality frozen and soured pulp. In the case under consideration, prolonged deprivation of the cow's exercise contributed to the emergence of the causes of the disease more than once. Secondary (concomitant) hypotension and atony of the proventriculus with chronic course They also appear when there is a metabolic disorder due to protein, mineral and vitamin deficiency. In our case, no additional laboratory tests were carried out on blood serum bio chemical composition. But even without biochemical research blood, by analyzing the structure of the diet, one can judge obvious metabolic disorders and their deficiency. Secondary causes of hypotension also include: disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism; inflammation of various parts gastrointestinal tract; liver diseases (abscess, cirrhosis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis) and kidneys. In this case, the cow under study has most of the above predisposing factors.

Pathogenesis. Due to prolonged disruption of the motor activity of the proventriculus, as well as in acute hypotension, the composition of microorganisms changes, the putrefactive processes of the rumen contents intensify, the pH changes towards an acidic reaction, and toxins accumulate. The latter, along with the liquid part of the contents, are absorbed, causing intoxication. The composition of ciliates changes or they disappear. Chronic hypotension due to protein, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and vitamin deficiency, accompanied by acidosis, causes depression of the cortical, subcortical centers and the peripheral nervous system. In the proventriculus, the formation of B vitamins is disrupted. The ensuing disorder of the motor-secretory and other functions of the stomach and intestines causes digestive disorders, reduces the barrier and pigment function of the liver, and increases intoxication.

Clinical picture. The study cow had decreased appetite; sometimes she would refuse food completely. There was general depression, lethargy, the cow lay a lot, and milk yields sharply decreased. His hair was disheveled and his back was hunched. Body temperature for the entire observed period was within the physiological norm. Increased heart rate and respiration were observed. Chewing gum and belching are not regular, with a shortened ruminant period; sometimes completely absent. The gases released during belching had an unpleasant sour-putrid odor. The degree of filling and swelling of the rumen varies on different days. The consistency of the rumen contents is often compacted. Palpation of the scar area caused painful sensation and anxiety. Scar contractions during the study were rare and sometimes completely disappeared. Defecation is rare. On a short time Appetite was restored and general condition improved. However, these periods passed, the intoxication of the body intensified and the state of health worsened again. Due to the owner’s lack of other higher quality feed, difficulties arose in eliminating the root causes (poor quality feed). Due to a long-term lack of exercise, the cow experienced functional and dystrophic changes in the locomotor system.

5. In making the diagnosis, I was guided by the following data: 1) Anamnesis - the animal is local, and the area is free from infectious diseases. The sick animal was regularly subjected to veterinary preventive and diagnostic examinations and treatments. Violation of conditions of detention, regime and adequacy of feeding, lack of exercise. The cow had previously noticed similar symptoms, which went away without treatment. 2) Etiologies - feeding for a long time with low-quality and low-calorie roughage and pulp. Long time there was no exercise. 3) Clinical signs - weakened motility of the proventriculus and intestines, accumulation of gases in the rumen. Refusal to feed or intake of small amounts, rare bowel movements, compacted feces. Fading, cessation or alternation of all of the above symptoms.

6. Treatment begins with eliminating the causes of the disease. In this case, change the diet structure to quality feed- failed due to the owner’s lack of them. We had to choose better quality batches from the same stack and exclude pulp from the diet.

On the day the cow owner contacted the veterinarian and after comprehensive research and diagnostic measures, treatment was applied to the sick animal. The first technique was to insert an esophageal tube to release gases from the rumen and pour water into it to soften the contents. After some time, to prevent the absorption of fermentation products from the rumen into the blood, the cow was prescribed vegetable oil internally and also as a laxative. An oil emulsion was administered through the rectum in the form of an enema to empty the intestines. In the evening, he prescribed a solution of hellebore tincture to enhance peristalsis. In the morning, after being freed from the gastrointestinal tract, the cow was injected intravenously with 200 ml of 10% calcium chloride solution mixed with 400 ml of 40% glucose solution and 10 ml of caffeine solution subcutaneously. They gave the cow warm salted water. After the therapeutic measures, improving the quality of feed and walking the cow along the street, by the end of 2 days her condition had improved. Relapses alternated with improvements within 8 days and the cow had to repeatedly apply drug treatment.

7.Preventive measures of this disease are reduced to adequate feeding of animals in different time their maintenance, compliance with sanitary and zoohygienic standards during feeding and maintenance, mandatory active exercise during the winter stall period (on a leash).

3CONCLUSION

The animal was under observation for 8 days. The effectiveness of treatment would be higher if the owner, at least during the treatment period, changed the available feed to better quality ones. Treatment was applied to a sick animal only when the owner brought the attending physician to the animal in cases of relapse. The owner was given advice and recommendations on further care and feeding of the animal, but if they are not followed, the disease will certainly arise again.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. “Internal non-contagious diseases of farm animals” edition 6, edited by Professor I.G. Sharabrina Moscow 1985.

2. “Internal non-contagious diseases of farm animals” edition 4 Moscow 1972.

3. Internal non-communicable diseases of large cattle edition 4 edited by Professor P.S. Ionova, Moscow 1985.

4. Prevention and treatment of non-communicable animal diseases in special farms and complexes, edited by Doctor of Biological Sciences V.E. Chumachenko, Kyiv “Harvest” 1986.

5. Clinical diagnosis internal diseases of farm animals, edited by V.I. Zaitseva, Moscow “Spike”, 1971.

6. Pathological physiology farm animals, edited by Professor A.A. Zhuravel, Moscow “Spike”, 1977.

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Getting to know the disease

Cattle owners and ordinary people know that a cow is constantly chewing something. She can swallow one and a half centners of food at a time. First it goes into the rumen. It is located on the left side of the abdomen. It contains a lot of microorganisms involved in the dissolution of food. For this purpose, enzymes are secreted.

When chewing, food is regurgitated in small portions into the oral cavity, where it is chewed for a long time. After this, it follows back into the rumen. about an hour after eating and lasts up to fifty minutes. There are several such periods during the day, about six or eight.

The breakdown of food involves contraction of the rumen.

If it slows down or stops completely, then this is abnormal. In this case, it is worth sounding the alarm and understanding the reasons for the lack of reduction. They disappear both in the uterine region and in the proventriculus.

When the process is started, changes in acetic, lactic, and butyric acids occur in the rumen contents. These are unfavorable changes. A new unnatural chemical composition causes a malfunction in metabolic processes. Fiber is difficult to digest or stagnates in the rumen.

Causes

Almost half of the cases of rumen atony in cows are observed in the spring. The disease is much less common in autumn period. The atonic form of the disease is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary atony

Primary atony is:

nutrition is unbalanced, the ratio of nutrients and chemical substances is not normal;
predominate in nutrition roughage, dry;
stale or spoiled silage has entered the body;
short walks or no walks.

Within one or two hours after consuming rotten food, toxic processes begin. The fluid in the rumen loses ciliates, the pH becomes different, and the environment becomes more acidic. Soon the toxins are absorbed in the intestines. Ammonia enters the blood. The nervous system is depressed. The animal looks lethargic and turns away when showing food. Belching and chewing gum disappear, and the secret motor function of the entire gastrointestinal tract becomes seriously disrupted.

Secondary atony

Symptoms of the disease

Rumen atony in a cow is detected by known signs. If uterine atony (inability to contract) goes almost unnoticed, determine it by external signs It doesn't work right away. Then rumen atony manifests itself quite quickly.

Owners of personal and collective farms should remember the symptoms in order to know what to do first before a specialist arrives.

Symptoms:

the animal loses the desire to absorb food. Undigested residues in the stomach do not cause the desire to eat;
there is a desire to lie down, the animal can stand in one place for a long time;
When you feel the cow's body from the side, the scar shows no signs of life. Contractions are not felt as if in good condition animal;
If you carefully move your hand in the stomach area, you may stumble upon a lump. This is delayed food. First it forms a compaction. In this regard, cattle may experience constipation. It may also be followed by diarrhea;
An alarm signal is a significant decrease in the amount of milk production. A cow produces less milk due to general feeling unwell and consumption of less feed. It becomes more difficult for her to feed the calf if it has not yet been weaned.

IMPORTANT! If the disease has reached a severe stage, the animal may experience short-term agitation. With careful and continuous monitoring of the condition of the cow, spasms and muscle twitching are noticeable. Breathing becomes slightly faster, and signs of tachycardia become apparent. The cow seems weak and helpless.

Rumen acidosis

Talking about this phenomenon is related to atony. It manifests itself after cattle eat beetroot, cereal concentrates, dairy corn or cobs. Large amounts of eaten potatoes, molasses, and sorghum cause harm.

The food is dominated by carbohydrates, which are given in excessive quantities and without preparing the body. The rumen microflora cannot accept such food.

Excessive grinding of food contributes to the development of acidosis. Chewing it is uncomfortable, the regurgitation process does not go well. As a result, secondary atony occurs with acidosis. The symptoms of acidosis are the same as with atony. As is the case with a similar disease of the uterus in cows, specialist intervention is required promptly.

How to treat?

Despite the fact that there is a certain set of measures that contribute to quality treatment, you need to pay attention to the individual individual. Individual characteristics help to adjust treatment and prescribe certain drugs in the right doses.

Semi-starvation diet

Veterinarians agree that you need to start improving your animal’s digestion with proper nutrition:

exclusion of feeds that caused atony;
fasting for a day or two will not harm the animal;
gradual introduction of food. It's about about good fresh hay. After another three days, you can offer the animal silage;
Concentrated feed is introduced within fourteen days. At the same time, there is constant monitoring of the cow;
much water. If the lack of food is beneficial in this period, then the animal needs clean and warm water. And if you add ten grams of salt to ten liters of water, the effect will be better.

Massage and walks

At least three hours at a slow pace. This is one of the recommendations of experienced veterinarians.

Healthy walks without unnecessary stress can return muscle tone to normal and make the intestines work.

Daily massage of the hungry fossa on the left side should contribute to the recovery of the nurse. It must be done carefully with your fist for fifteen or twenty minutes in a circular motion from top to bottom counterclockwise. You can do up to three to four approaches daily. Some also advise using electrical stimulation if possible.

Walking as a way to prevent cattle diseases

Drug therapy

In combination with diet and walking, you should turn to medications. Some traditional methods got wide use, since they are already tested:

White hellebore tincture is consumed by the cow twice a day for about three days. It improves motor skills and helps to separate gases;
wormwood tincture improves appetite. Thirty milliliters per day is enough;
Up to one hundred grams of brewer's or baker's yeast are diluted per liter of water. It is given to drink to speed up the fermentation process;
a solution of ethyl alcohol containing 250 milliliters, forty grams of yeast, eighty sugar and half a liter of water will provide positive influence for the work of the forestomach.

A specialist will prescribe specific medications. For example, enzymes (macerobacillin, amylosubtilin, protosubtilin and others). The course of adoption lasts up to one week. Up to half a liter of sodium chloride solution is injected intravenously. And a solution of carbacholin under the skin.

Laxatives may also be needed if the stool is not restored. They will help remove accumulated feed. If saline laxatives do not work, they can be replaced vegetable oil. A cow is able to drink half a liter of sunflower oil.

IMPORTANT! Since atony has led to a violation of the pH of the ruminal contents, acids are prescribed. Cattle receive lactic acid in volumes of up to seventy milliliters. In addition, it applies hydrochloric acid two tablespoons per liter of water. Acids are given once or twice a day. Their treatment lasts about three days.

If the pH drops to 6.0 or lower, the animal needs to use additional medications. This is sodium bicarbonate in a volume of up to two hundred grams twice a day. Another half a kilogram of sugar or a little less.

Compliance with feeding rules becomes the basis for the health of pets. The cow must receive balanced diet. What does it mean? A combination of concentrated, liquid feed, silage with roughage and dry feed substitutes. The latter must evaporate.

IMPORTANT! Consumption of these products together forms a synthetic fibrous mass in the rumen. This has a positive effect on chewing gum and the regurgitation process. If the cow receives such food day after day, especially during the stall period, then there will be no need to worry about rumen atony.