Saprophytic staphylococcus in women: symptoms and treatment. Staphylococcus - what is it, symptoms in children and adults. Treatment of staphylococcal infection. Why is staphylococcus dangerous?

Symptoms of staphylococcus in adults are very diverse and in most cases depend on the damage to a specific organ or system human body.

Also, often signs of staphylococcus in adults and children can be hidden and occur under the “mask” of other diseases. Among the main manifestations of organ damage by such an infection, the following should be highlighted:

• heart (endocarditis occurs);
• lungs (pneumonia with rapid development of destruction);
• intestines (dysbacteriosis and enterocolitis);
• skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue (pustular diseases, abscesses, phlegmons, etc.);
• liver (abscesses);
• blood system (sepsis);
• central nervous system (meningitis);
• other lesions of cavitary and parenchymal internal organs.

How does staphylococcus manifest in adults with heart damage?

As stated above, staphylococcus (most often aureus) infecting the heart causes a disease such as endocarditis. This pathology in this case is characterized by the following manifestations: fever reaching 40 degrees; interruptions in heart function; increase and then decrease blood pressure; chest pain; heart failure; damage to the mitral and aortic valves.

It should be noted that during the diagnosis of “staphylococcal endocarditis”, the patient develops many complications of different organs and systems due to the spread of the microbe through the bloodstream.

It is important to know that staphylococcal endocarditis has a very high mortality rate (in approximately half of the cases of this pathology). Treatment of this pathology is quite difficult and lengthy.

Lung damage

Infecting the lungs, staphylococcus in adults causes rapid destruction of the organ parenchyma. But this is alternated by focal inflammation, turning first into lobar and then total. Often Staphylococcus aureus causes the appearance of multiple abscesses in the tissue and empyema.

Symptoms that occur when the lungs are affected: fever; expectoration of sputum with purulent contents; respiratory failure; insufficient saturation of body tissues with oxygen, which is manifested by cyanosis of the skin; hemoptysis that occurs when involved in pathological process alveoli and blood vessels; Crepitation and coarse rales are heard over the lungs; rapid destruction lung tissue causes pneumothorax and hemothorax; pus also often begins to accumulate in the pleural cavity.

It is important to understand that destructive pneumonia caused by such an infection leads to rapid death due to damage to large volumes of lung tissue. Also, such pneumonia causes both sepsis and toxic-resorptive fever.

Staphylococcal enterocolitis

This pathological condition occurs after eating products contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (but sometimes staphylococcus in feces is also detected normally). Hidden after eating contaminated food incubation period lasts up to 8 hours, but after this a lightning-fast picture of poisoning (food toxic infection) develops.

Patients are worried severe pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, which does not bring relief; along with these symptoms, the body temperature rises to 39 degrees. Due to constant diarrhea and vomiting, severe dehydration occurs, characterized by the loss of many electrolytes and the occurrence of concomitant disorders of the cardiovascular system.

If patients do not receive specialized medical care within 24 hours, then even a quick death is possible.

The occurrence of staphylococcal infection on the skin and subcutaneous fat

The skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue are affected by staphylococcus many times more often than any other organ of the human body. It should be noted that this infection is caused by the following microbes: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

It is important to understand that in 90% of cases of various types of purulent foci on the skin, they arise due to Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment must be comprehensive (surgical and therapeutic).

The local reaction on the skin after the introduction of Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by the following pathological parameters: pain, tissue swelling, redness and dysfunction. Both pyoderma and furunculosis occur most often. Second after these skin diseases are abscesses and phlegmons.

Perhaps the most dangerous lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is considered to be a complication such as phlegmon. This disease is characterized by the rapid spread of infection under the skin with the formation of abundant purulent contents. If left untreated, cellulitis (infection) can spread to internal organs and even cause sepsis.

Liver damage

Signs of liver damage are characterized by symptoms of impaired liver function. These include: yellowness of the skin and visible mucous membranes; pain in the liver area; increase in size of this organ; at ultrasound examination single or multiple abscesses; blood tests show a sharp increase in specific liver enzymes and signs of protein breakdown, which confirms the development of liver failure.

The mortality rate for liver damage from such a staphylococcal infection is very high and even timely treatment may not save the patient.

Damage to the blood system

This lesion is quite common in children, but is extremely rare in adults. The main symptoms of such a lesion are signs of sepsis: decreased blood pressure; an increase and then a decrease in body temperature; an increase followed by a decrease in the number of leukocytes, which is evidence of damage to the white blood cell; the spread of infection throughout the body and the resulting formation of many foci of purulent infection (abscesses).

In the following days, the patient with sepsis develops symptoms of multiple organ failure (kidneys, liver, heart and blood vessels, central nervous system, and others). The mortality rate of sepsis is very high and can reach 70% in adults, depending on the immune reactivity of the body, in the absence of treatment 100%.

Staphylococcus aureus infection of the central nervous system

In adults, Staphylococcus aureus causes a disease such as meningitis. The latter is characterized by defeat meninges. The main symptoms of this pathology are the following: fever; Strong headache; rash on the skin; areas of tissue necrosis on the skin; impairment of consciousness and the appearance of focal neurological symptoms.

It should be noted that such meningitis is quite dangerous disease, even today, its mortality rate reaches from 30 to 40% (with Staphylococcus aureus). The main complications of meningitis are sepsis and the formation of brain abscesses, since the latter completely lacks the immune system. Treatment should begin as quickly as possible with the use of specific antibiotics.

Lesions of other abdominal organs and musculoskeletal system

In rare cases, this staph infection can affect the kidneys, forming an abscess or carbuncle in them. This will manifest itself as symptoms of severe intoxication and disruption of the urinary system.

It is important to understand that such a pathology requires surgical treatment and carrying out long-term antibacterial therapy (treat until complete eradication).

Quite often, such a staphylococcal infection affects the musculoskeletal system and causes osteomyelitis. It should be noted that most often the culprit is Staphylococcus aureus. One of the manifestations staphylococcal infection purulent melting of the bone is considered, which leads to a violation of its integrity, a tendency to fractures and constant intoxication (general weakness, increased body temperature) due to the absorption of bacterial waste products.

Osteomyelitis also requires surgical treatment, repeated and repeated antibiotic therapy until Staphylococcus aureus is completely eradicated.

Often staphylococcus begins to develop in the throat, from where it is transmitted by airborne droplets to others. Also, the patient develops a sore throat, requiring immediate treatment.

Staphylococcal infection lives with a person for thousands of years, always waiting for the moment to deal a dangerous blow to health. Often the culprit of the disease is the person himself, who neglects basic hygiene rules. The danger is compounded by the fact that some types of staphylococcus are resistant to antibiotics and other means of combating them. To get rid of the danger of infection, it is important to know what the infection is, how it manifests itself and what needs to be done to destroy it.

What is staphylococcus

The bacterium Staphylococcus has become famous due to its pathogenicity and prevalence. It is a non-motile spherical microorganism of the Staphylococcus family. The bacterium belongs to the group of anaerobic, non-motile, opportunistic microorganisms. It has an enzymatic and oxidative type of metabolism. The diameter of microorganism species is in the range of 0.6-1.2 microns.

The bacteria spread in clusters (similar to grapes). This is due to their name, which consists of two ancient Greek words – grapes and grain. The presence of a limited number of staphylococci on the body surface (skin, oropharynx and nasopharynx) is normal. Penetration of the microorganism into deeper layers is associated with increased sensitivity to waste products. The cells of the human body begin to experience stress from exo- and endotoxins.

The negative symptoms of poisoning gradually increase and lead to the development of pneumonia, sepsis, dysfunction of the digestive and nervous systems of the body, toxic shock and purulent skin lesions. The pathogenicity of the microorganism manifests itself only in the presence of favorable conditions for this. Often the activity of a bacterium is a secondary manifestation of some underlying disease, for example, associated with a blow to the immune system.

The likelihood of a negative impact of a bacterium depends on a combination of two factors: the penetration of the microorganism inside against a background of weakened immunity. There are several main routes of infection:

1. Airborne: this route is associated with the season of respiratory diseases, when bacteria enter the body along with air currents in which microscopic droplets of infected sputum expelled (by sneezing or coughing) are dispersed.
2. Contact household: when using contaminated common items or personal hygiene items healthy person strains of bacteria can be transmitted.
3. Airborne dust: dust concentrates a large volume of microscopic fragments of substances (animal hair, skin, pollen, fabric, etc.) on which streptococci can live.
4. Medical: insufficient treatment surgical instruments or the resistance of a particular strain of the microorganism significantly increases the risk of infection.
5. Oral-fecal: neglect of the rules of personal hygiene leads mainly to diseases such as hepatitis and botulism. Testing required.

Kinds

The number of staphylococcus species discovered by science is constantly growing and today more than 50 different varieties have been identified. Humanity deals mainly with aureus, epidermal, saprophytic and hemolytic species of bacteria. Each type has its own distinctive features:

1. Staphylococcus aureus is defined as the most dangerous and common. Women and men of all age groups are at risk of infection. The bacterium is unusually tenacious and resistant to aggressive factors (high temperature, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, antibiotics), and therefore requires systematic treatment. Signs of Staphylococcus aureus: food poisoning, sepsis, heart damage, the appearance of ulcers in the kidneys, liver, tissue atrophy. Penetration into the organ of hearing causes harm in the form of otitis media and symptoms of ear pus.

2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a subspecies of Staphylococcus aureus and is particularly resistant to antibiotics. Causes pneumonia and sepsis.

3. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common occurrence in any area of ​​human skin. With a decrease in immunity or damage to the skin, it can exhibit pathogenic properties and lead to dangerous consequences(for example, upon penetration into the blood, inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and follicles may begin).

4. Saprophytic staphylococcus lives mainly on the epidermal integument of the genital area and mucous membranes of the genitourinary system. This bacterium is responsible for diseases such as urethritis and cystitis.

5. Hemolytic staphylococcus in the blood mainly affects the mucous membrane respiratory tract, causing diseases such as tonsillitis and tonsillitis. Particularly densely localized on the tonsils and in the nasopharynx, the bacterium begins to show activity when the body is hypothermic.

Symptoms

Infection with staphylococcus manifests itself in a variety of symptoms, which depend on the location of the affected area. General symptoms infections:

• increased body temperature;
• hyperemia;
• folliculitis, acne, carbunculosis, eczema;
• swelling;
• rhinitis, sinusitis;
• cholecystitis;
• osteomyelitis;
• insomnia;
• syndrome toxic shock;
• nausea and vomiting;
• cough with yellow-green purulent discharge;
• loss of appetite;
• mucus and blood in stool;
• purulent plaque in the nasopharynx and enlarged tonsils.

On the skin

Skin lesions due to staphylococcal infection are divided into several distinct diseases, which are characterized by their own symptoms:

• Cellulitis: a rapidly spreading purulent skin lesion, in which the affected area becomes swollen and hyperemic, the temperature rises, running form leads to tissue necrosis.
• Pyoderma: infection of the upper layers of the epidermis is expressed in the form of blisters with pus, the body temperature rises.
• Panaritium: the affected skin around the nail turns red, soreness and fever appear.
• Furunculosis: begins with small redness, in which cells gradually die in the central part, where pus begins to form.
• Staphylococcal sepsis: the infection enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body, which is characterized by the widespread formation of ulcers.

In the nose

The nasal cavities are capable of concentrating a very large number of staphylococci, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

• redness and destruction of the epithelium lining the sinuses;
• prolonged runny nose;
• nasal congestion;
• intoxication (in some cases, toxic shock);
• in advanced cases, pustules form on the nasal mucosa, which can weaken the sense of smell.

In the mouth

Oral cavity has favorable conditions for the development of staphylococci, therefore weakened immunity entails the proliferation of bacteria and the following symptoms:

• pain that gets worse when swallowing;
• increase lymph nodes;
• dizziness;
• decreased appetite;
• redness of the tonsils and purulent plaque on them;
• in advanced cases - pustules in the mouth.

In the throat

The development of staphylococcal infection in the throat leads to diseases such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis and laryngitis. For each disease there are a number of characteristic symptoms:

1. Staphylococcal tonsillitis begins with a rise in temperature to 40 degrees, then redness of the tonsils and pharynx appears, an easily detachable purulent plaque forms on the tonsils, weakness, headache, chills, sore throat (radiating to the temple), loss of appetite.
2. Staphylococcal pharyngitis is characterized by inflammation of the throat, accumulation of viscous substances on the back of the pharynx, hoarseness, desquamation of the epithelium of the throat, fatigue, and fever.
3. Staphylococcal laryngitis is characterized by inflammation of the larynx (often with damage to the trachea), the appearance of purulent discharge, sore throat, change in voice (even loss), dry cough (gradually becomes wet), expectorated sputum, and a slight increase in temperature.

In the lungs

The penetration and reproduction of staphylococcal infection in the lungs can be a complication of acute respiratory infections or influenza and leads to the development of pneumonia. The symptoms are as follows:

• constant chills;
• severe shortness of breath;
• intoxication of the body;
• blood in expectorated sputum;
• abscess;
• pyopneumothorax (penetration of air and pus into the pleural fissure);
• in some cases - sepsis.

In the intestines

The penetration of a staphylococcal infection into the body very quickly leads to the development of symptoms of poisoning, among which the following pay more attention:

• vomiting (especially severe in children);
• consistency feces becomes liquid;
• increased urge to have bowel movements;
• sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• slight increase body temperature;
• loss of appetite;
• fatigue and headache.

Symptoms in children

Infection of children with staphylococcus can lead to the development of epidemics, group, sporadic and family diseases. Epidemic outbreaks are registered in maternity hospitals or departments for newborn children; they cover schools, kindergartens, and camps. More often, the infection is caused by contaminated food; the bacteria successfully develop in the warm season, causing poisoning.

Newborns become infected with pathogens from their mother or doctors. The main route of transmission of infection is nutritional, when microbes enter the milk of a mother with mastitis. Preschoolers and schoolchildren become infected by consuming low-quality food. There is also an airborne method of transmitting microorganisms. As the pathogen multiplies, it releases enterotoxins, which leads to the development of gastroenterocolitis.

The high susceptibility of children to staphylococcus is due to a number of factors. These include:

• reduced local immunity of the respiratory and digestive system;
• lack or absence of immunoglobulin A, which is responsible for the local defense of the body;
• vulnerability of mucous membranes and skin;
• weak bactericidal activity of saliva;
• diathesis, malnutrition, other pathologies;
• long-term treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in children manifest themselves in two forms of infection - local and generalized. The first includes rhinitis, conjunctivitis, nasopharyngitis. The pathologies are characterized by a mild course and rare cases of poisoning. Infants with a local form lose weight, have a weak appetite, and are less likely to experience a general deterioration in their condition and developed local symptoms.

Skin disease due to infection with staphylococcus occurs in the form of phlegmon, folliculitis, hidradenitis, furunculosis, pyoderma. These conditions are accompanied by regional lymphangitis and lymphadenitis. Newborns are characterized by epidemic pemphigus, which manifests itself as a rash, focal redness of the skin with clear contours. Afterwards, the skin peels off, revealing large blisters underneath.

If the bacterium develops in the throat of children, acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis, against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, the manifestation of staphylococcal sore throat is possible. Its symptoms: sore throat, poisoning, fever, solid white or yellow loose coating on the tonsils, arches, and uvula. The plaque may have a purulent discharge and can be easily removed. When examined by a doctor, diffuse hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the throat without a clear contour is visible.

The most severe pathology for young children is staphylococcal pneumonia, which threatens the development of abscesses. The child's health condition deteriorates sharply, and respiratory failure may occur. The baby becomes lethargic, pale, sleepy, vomits, regurgitates, and refuses to eat. The danger of pneumonia is possible death - this is facilitated by the formation of bullae in the lungs, the development of an abscess and purulent pleurisy or pneumothorax.

In children 2-3 years old, staphylococcal inflammation of the larynx occurs, which develops rapidly, without clear symptoms. A combination of laryngitis and inflammation of the bronchi or lungs may occur. Scarlet fever-like syndrome is manifested by infection of wounds, burns, development of phlegmon, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis. Symptoms of staphylococcus: a rash on the reddened skin of the body, after it disappears, peeling remains.

Staphylococcus aureus affects the digestive tract. Initially, gastroenteritis develops, accompanied by symptoms of intoxication and dyspepsia. Symptoms: the child is vomiting, has a stomach ache, fever, dizziness, and weakness. If inflammation affects the small intestine, repeated diarrhea begins. Staphylococcal sepsis often occurs in newborn premature babies. Germs enter through umbilical wound, damaged skin, respiratory organs, ears. Symptoms: poisoning, skin rashes, abscesses in internal organs.

Why is staphylococcus dangerous?

The danger is caused by pathogenic staphylococcus. It can affect any organ, and its consequences will be unpredictable, because the microorganism causes diseases that can become chronic. Staphylococcus aureus is more common in the nose and throat than in other organs. It can affect the nasopharynx, brain, intestines, lungs, and cause diseases that can be fatal. Pathogen hazards:

1. Blood poisoning - the septic form affects the internal organs of the digestive tract after food poisoning and superficial manifestations on the skin. The cause of sepsis is untimely treatment of the symptoms of the disease.
2. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, the inner layers of the heart muscle. Symptoms: joint pain, increased heart rate, decreased performance, increased body temperature. Endocarditis can lead to heart failure.
3. Meningitis – purulent inflammation membranes of the brain. Symptoms: high body temperature, headache, nausea and vomiting, convulsions. Mortality from the disease is 30%.
4. Toxic shock syndrome is a shock reaction of the body in response to the penetration of an infection inside. Symptoms: elevated temperature body, repeated vomiting, diarrhea, sharp drop blood pressure. Possible death.
5. Pleural empyema is a disease of the lining of the lungs, manifested by fever and loss of voice.
6. Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys that threatens the development of kidney failure.

Treatment

The first symptoms of staphylococcus in adults should be a reason to consult a doctor for adequate treatment. The therapy consists of two stages - the destruction of pathogenic flora by taking antibiotics and strengthening the immune system through immunostimulation. Antibacterial therapy methods will help eliminate the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics are prescribed after diagnosing the disease and identifying the exact causative agent of the disease. Popular drugs are:

1. Amoxicillin - suppresses the growth of infection, prevents it from multiplying, reduces negative impact on the body, blocks the production of peptidoglycan.
2. Baneocin is an ointment for the treatment of affected skin. Includes two antibiotics - neomycin and bacitracin.
3. Vancomycin – leads to the death of bacteria, blocks components of the cell membrane. It is administered intravenously.
4. Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Clarithromycin are drugs from the same group that block the production of proteins vital for staphylococci.
5. Cloxacillin - prevents bacteria from multiplying, blocks the production of cell membrane components. It is prescribed intravenously.
6. Mupirocin – antibacterial ointment, used externally. Contains Bonderm, Bactroban, Supirocin.
7. Oxacillin – blocks cell division and destroys them. It is taken in tablet and injection format.
8. Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefalotin, Cefotaxime are drugs from the cephalosporin group. Block the synthesis of cell membrane components.

In addition to the use of antibiotics, a popular treatment method for staphylococcal infections is the use of bacteriophages. These are viruses that act against a specific strain of pathogenic pathogen. They are safe for the body and do not cause side effects and have virtually no contraindications. A popular treatment for diseases caused by bacteria is staphylococcal bacteriophage.

It is available in a solution format that can be taken orally or used for local application (externally, rectally, intravaginally, irrigation of drained cavities). Viruses contained within destroy cells pathogenic microflora. Bacteriophages are suitable for use from newborns. The average dosage is 10-20 ml at a time. The course of treatment is 7-20 days.

Surgical methods treatments can be used for purulent form staphylococcal infection that cannot be treated with other methods or threatens serious complications. Surgeon intervention is indicated when opening boils and abscesses. All actions are carried out strictly in a hospital; it is unacceptable to manipulate boils or ulcers at home.

After the destruction of pathogenic bacteria, immunostimulation can be carried out. The drugs in this division normalize immune function and reduce the risk of recurrent infection. Popular clinical procedures:

1. Autohemotransfusion is the transfusion of one's own blood. During the procedure, a small amount of blood is taken from a vein from the patient and injected intramuscularly. Decomposition products stimulate the immune system and improve the condition urinary system. The procedure is used to treat chronic furunculosis.
2. Injections of microbial preparations (Pyrogenal) - have a nonspecific stimulating effect on the host’s immunity.
3. The use of vitamin-mineral complexes - immunodeficiency is often accompanied by vitamin deficiency and a lack of minerals. Taking dietary supplements helps to cope with this. The use of multivitamins in spring and autumn is justified.
4. Bacterial lysates are a crushed multibacterial culture that enters the body and provokes an immune response and the production of antibodies. The drugs have no contraindications and are not addictive. Popular drugs include Imudon, IRS-19, Respibron, Bronchomunal.
5. Staphylococcal toxoid – contains toxin from staphylococcus grown in laboratory conditions. It is purified, neutralized, and administered parenterally to adults in order to form stable immunity. This drug is contraindicated for children. The insertion is carried out for 10 days, under the shoulder blade.
6. Vaccination staphylococcal antiphagin is a complex of ready-made antigens for all types of staphylococcus. Vaccination is carried out from six months of age; a mandatory condition is a body weight of over 2.5 kg.
7. Complex immunoglobulin preparation KIP is produced from dried donor blood. It is a protein powder rich in three types of antibodies. The universal complex has a convenient orally application, no contraindications.
8. Human anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin is a powder from blood containing only one type of antibody. The drug is used as temporary therapy. It is administered intravenously for sepsis, endocarditis, and pneumonia due to AIDS.

The use of herbal immunostimulants improves immune status body. Cordyceps, ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Eleutherococcus, Echinacea, Rhodiola, milk thistle, pantocrine, chitosan can be used as medicinal herbs. Preparations based on these plants act comprehensively, normalize metabolism, have adaptogenic properties (help the body cope with stress and strain), and restore defenses. Popular means:

1. Based on aloe vera - capsules, gels, injection solutions, ointments, syrups. The activity of the plant strengthens the immune system, copes with infection, and alleviates the patient’s condition. Subcutaneous administration of the solution for furunculosis eliminates swelling, pain, and inflammation. Aloe is contraindicated during pregnancy, heavy menstruation, endometriosis, polycystic disease, gastric ulcer, pancreatitis.
2. Chlorophyllipt - contains an alcoholic extract of eucalyptus for internal or topical use and an oil extract for intravaginal use. The product is indicated for patients over 12 years of age; before using it, an allergy test must be performed.

Staph infection can be treated folk remedies. Before using them, consult a doctor. Popular methods:

1. Treatment of purulent skin wounds with copper sulfate, brilliant green will also do.
2. Take a glass of black currants every day. This strengthens the immune system and stops the infection.
3. Taking a decoction of burdock and comfrey. Mix the dried plants in equal proportions, pour a tablespoon of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes. Take warm three times a day until complete recovery.
4. Application will help with boils fresh leaves burdock.
5. For inflammatory processes on the skin, apply apricot pulp to the areas of the disease. Additionally, eat apricot puree in the morning and evening.
6. For extensive furunculous rashes, a bath with apple cider vinegar. Add 50 ml of product to the bath, carry out the procedure 2-3 times a day for 15 minutes.

Acute forms of the disease caused by staphylococcus are accompanied by intoxication. Therefore, it is important to adhere to special nutritional principles:

• include in your diet more protein(80 g per day), carbohydrates in the form of cereals or pasta (300 g), fiber (berries, fruits, vegetables);
• the patient should drink plenty of fluids;
• to increase appetite, take fermented milk drinks, broths, sweet and sour juices, tomato juice;
• Foods with vitamins A, B, C (pumpkin, tuna, parsley, nuts, bell peppers, spinach, broccoli, sea buckthorn) will help alleviate the condition.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

One of the first places among many pathogenic microorganisms is occupied by staphylococcus: how the infection is transmitted, how to avoid infection - frequently asked questions.

With the active growth of bacteria, pronounced, very characteristic signs appear that cannot be ignored. Timely treatment will help avoid the development of serious complications.

Staphylococcus - what is it?

Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterium in the form of a ball, characterized by low mobility, and forms groups similar to a bunch of grapes. This pathogen It belongs to the opportunistic microflora, lives in the nose, pharynx and on the skin, and is activated against the background of weakened immunity and chronic diseases.

What types of bacteria are most dangerous for humans:

1. Saprophytic staphylococcus - affects the organs of the genitourinary system, lives on the epithelium of the genital organs, the urinary canal, provokes the development of cystitis and nephritis.
2. more widespread than the other two brothers and much more dangerous than them. When infected, purulent and inflammatory processes develop on the skin, nasopharynx, heart, and blood vessels.
3. Staphylococcus epidermidis - lives on the skin and can penetrate into the blood through scratches, which will cause inflammation of the lining of the heart, meninges, blood poisoning, and so on.

Treatment of infection

The basis of treatment for staphylococcus is antibacterial drugs; they are prescribed after receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of bacteria to the active substances of drugs.

Drug groups:

• antibiotics – Ampioks, Amoxiclav, Gentamicin, Cefepime;
• – modern and safe method therapy, therapy active substances only affects pathogenic bacteria, do not provide harmful influence on the state of the body as a whole;
• immunomodulators – Polyoxidonium, Thymogen;
• administration intramuscularly or intravenously antitoxic serum, antistaphylococcal plasma.

In the treatment of staphylococcal furunculosis, the autohemotransfusion method is used - the patient is injected intramuscularly with his own venous blood; after destruction, the decay products begin to stimulate local immunity. If treatment does not bring the desired result, abscesses and boils are opened surgically.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to most antibacterial drugs, can only cope with the microbe Linezolid, Fusidine, Vancomycin, they must be taken together with Biseptol.

How not to get infected?

To avoid staphylococcal infections, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the body's defenses - in children and adults with strong immunity, the chance of infection is low.

Prevention of staphylococcal infections:

• careful observance hygiene rules– you need to wash your hands as often as possible, try not to touch your face too much, each family member should use their own towel;
• even minor scratches must be immediately treated with an antiseptic, covered with an adhesive plaster or applied with a sterile bandage;
• eat healthy and balanced, give up junk food and bad habits;
• get enough sleep, avoid stress and hypothermia;
• move more, take daily walks fresh air, do not forget about hardening procedures;
• Ventilate the room more often, regularly carry out wet cleaning of the room;
• carry out timely prevention of influenza and ARVI, do not delay the treatment of caries, diseases of the nasopharynx and genitourinary system;
• wash vegetables and fruits well, meat, fish, eggs and thoroughly heat treatment, drink only purified water;
• use condoms.

Since staphylococcus often begins to actively multiply during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo diagnostics in advance and constantly monitor the number of pathogenic bacteria in the body.

From the video you will learn about common mistakes in the treatment of staphylococcus based on test results:

Staphylococcal infections are dangerous to human life and health, especially for children. Timely diagnosis and properly selected medications will help avoid the development of severe complications, and compliance with simple preventive measures reduces the risk of infection or relapse of the disease to a minimum.

In the human body, along with beneficial bacteria, microorganisms that are opportunistic in nature are constantly present. One of these types of bacteria is.

The number of these microorganisms increases significantly when exposed to unfavorable factors. Their quantitative increase provokes the development in humans various kinds diseases.

To prevent possible complications, every person should know how staphylococcus manifests itself in adults and what measures should be taken if it becomes more active.

Staphylococcus is a spherical microorganism that belongs to the nonmotile type. Scientists distinguish two types of staphylococcus - an opportunistic subspecies and a pathogenic one. the first subspecies may not cause harm, but pathogenic ones in the body will definitely provoke the development of diseases.

Under the influence of special negative factors these microorganisms are activated and cause inflammation in various organs. There are currently twenty-seven different stamps of the staphylococcus bacterium known.

Once activated in the body, these bacteria produce toxins and enzymes during their life activities. These substances are very harmful to human cells; they disrupt the process of their vital activity.

Often it is staphylococcal infection that provokes the development of complications after various .

Bacteria of this type are highly resistant to environmental influences and to the action of antibacterial medications.

There are several types of staphylococcus that can cause significant harm to humans.

Saprophytic staphylococcus– this bacteria stamp often attacks the female half. Microorganisms provoke the development of inflammatory processes in bladder or kidneys.

The location of bacteria is skin covering genitalia and mucous surface of the epithelium in urethra. This subspecies provokes the smallest tissue lesions.

Staphylococcus epidermidis– settles in one or another area of ​​the dermis and on the mucous epithelium. This is an opportunistic type of microorganisms and with good immune protection they do not harm humans.

But when this type of staphylococcus penetrates the blood of a person whose immunity is weakened, there is a risk of developing inflammatory process in the endocardium. The inner lining of the heart muscle is affected.

Staphylococcus aureus– this is the most common and insidious stamp of a microbe.

Microorganisms can infect any organ and provoke more than a hundred different inflammatory diseases.

This is a common cause of purulent foci of the dermis and a number of serious diseases such as staphylococcal sepsis or toxic shock.

Staphylococcus aureus is firmly resistant to adverse external influences and the action of antibiotics.

Clinical picture of the disease

The clinical manifestation of the disease depends on:

• places of localization of bacteria;
• the degree of aggressiveness of a particular type of bacteria;
• level immune defense body.

When diagnosing staphylococcus in an adult, the symptoms of the photo depend on the specific disease. Staphylococcus bacteria provoke the development of the following diseases.

Signs of staphylococcus in the body in adults

Staphylococcus bacteria are diagnosed by laboratory tests.

Material for examination can be taken from the throat, nose, ear, eye or wound.

Important! may be ambiguous - positive or negative, but it is also possible to detect the presence of a certain number of bacteria in the body within normal limits. This condition does not require treatment.

Signs of staphylococcus in adults can be very different. Let's look at them in the table.

Important! Sore throat caused by staphylococcus cannot be treated with penicillin-based antibiotics. To eliminate it, stronger drugs are needed.

Bacteria can cause quite serious complications. Staphylococcus can cause a variety of symptoms in adults. Everything will be determined by the habitat of the bacteria.

The skin may be affected, gastrointestinal tract, mucous epithelium of the nasal cavity, throat.

It is important to diagnose the presence of these microorganisms in the body in a timely manner. Otherwise, there is a risk of the disease developing into sepsis, which can lead to the death of the patient.

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