home Consultations Eye diseases in children: consider symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, possible treatment. Eye diseases in children

Eye diseases in children: consider symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, possible treatment. Eye diseases in children

Children are touching and defenseless creatures. It is especially difficult when they are sick. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to protect children from some diseases, while other diseases can be prevented. In order for children to have no consequences after suffering illnesses, you need to promptly notice that something is wrong and consult a doctor.

Vision problems in children

Impaired quality of vision is one of the reasons for delayed development of children in the first years of life. If preschoolers' vision suffers, they cannot prepare properly for school and their range of interests is limited. Schoolchildren with low vision are associated with a decrease in academic performance and self-esteem, a limited opportunity to play their favorite sport, and choose a profession.

The child's visual system is at the stage of formation. It is very flexible and has enormous reserve capabilities. Many diseases of the organs of vision are successfully treated in childhood, if they are diagnosed in a timely manner. Unfortunately, treatment that is started later may not produce good results.

Eye diseases in newborns

Many visual impairments develop as a result of congenital diseases. They are detected immediately after birth. After treatment, children develop better and their range of interests expands.

In newborn children, ophthalmologists diagnose the following diseases of the organ of vision:

Visual impairment in preschool children

Strabismus

One of the diseases that leads to impaired vision in preschool children is strabismus. This pathology can be caused by the following reasons:

uncorrected disorder;
decreased visual acuity in one eye;
damage to the nerves responsible for the functioning of the extraocular muscles.

If you have strabismus, the image of an object does not fall on the same areas of the eyes. In order to get a three-dimensional picture, the child cannot combine them. In order to eliminate double vision, the brain removes one eye from visual work. The eyeball, which is not involved in the process of perceiving an object, deviates to the side. This is how either a convergent squint is formed, towards the bridge of the nose, or a divergent squint, towards the temples.

It is recommended to start treatment of strabismus as early as possible. Patients are prescribed glasses that not only improve the quality of vision, but also give the eyes the correct position. If the oculomotor nerves are damaged, electrical stimulation is used and exercises are prescribed to train the weakened muscle. If such treatment is ineffective, the correct position of the eyes is restored surgically. The operation is performed on children aged 3-5 years.

If one eye is tilted to the side or sees worse, amblyopia develops. Over time, visual acuity in the unused eye decreases. To treat amblyopia, the healthy eye is excluded from the visual process and the affected organ of vision is trained.

Pathology of refraction

The following refractive errors are often diagnosed in preschool children:

. It most often occurs in children aged 3 to 5 years. If hypermetropia reaches 3.5 diopters in one eye, and there is different visual acuity in both eyes, amblyopia and strabismus may develop. To correct vision, children are prescribed glasses.
The child has difficulty seeing into the distance. His visual system is unable to adapt to such an anomaly, so even with a slight degree of myopia, children are prescribed glasses correction.
In this case, the image of objects that are located both nearby and on long distance. For this pathology, correction is prescribed with complex glasses with cylindrical lenses.

Eye diseases in schoolchildren

School-age children are also susceptible to refractive errors.

Myopia

With this visual impairment, the size of the eyeball increases or light rays are refracted excessively. They converge in front of the retina, and a blurry image is formed on it. Due to the active growth of the eyeball and increased load on the apparatus, children aged 8-14 years develop myopia. The child cannot see what is written on the school board where the ball is while playing football. To correct myopia, children are prescribed glasses with diverging lenses.

Farsightedness

Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is a refractive error that occurs due to the small size of the eyeball or insufficient refraction of light rays. In this case, they converge at an imaginary point located behind the retina. A fuzzy image is formed on it. Most often, farsightedness is first detected in children of ten years of age. If hypermetropia is low, then the child can clearly see objects located in the distance. Due to its good accommodative function, it clearly sees objects located at close range. Glasses are prescribed to schoolchildren if there are the following indications:

farsightedness above 3.5 diopters;
deterioration of visual acuity in one eye;
appearance when working at close range;
presence of headaches;
eye fatigue.

To correct hyperopia, children are prescribed glasses with converging lenses.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a visual impairment in which light rays are refracted differently in two mutually perpendicular planes. As a result, a distorted image is formed on the retina of the eye. The cause of astigmatism may be uneven curvature formed as a result of a congenital abnormality of the eyeball. If the difference in refractive power does not exceed 1.0 diopter, then it is easily tolerated. In the case where astigmatism is more high degree, the contours of objects that are at different distances are not clearly visible. They are perceived as distorted. The difference in refractive power is compensated by complex glasses with cylindrical lenses.

With accommodation disorder, clarity of perception is lost when examining those objects that are on different distances or move relative to the observer. It develops due to a violation of the contractility of the ciliary muscle. In this case, the curvature of the lens remains unchanged. It provides clear vision only at distance or near.

In children aged 8 to 14 years, as a result of excessive stress on the eyes, it occurs. The ciliary muscle contracts and loses its ability to relax. The lens becomes convex. It provides good near vision. In this case, schoolchildren have difficulty seeing into the distance. This condition is also called false myopia. When there is a spasm of accommodation, children perform gymnastic exercises for the eyes, they are prescribed instillation of special drops.

Convergence insufficiency is an impairment in the ability to direct and maintain the visual axes of both eyeballs on an object that is at close range or moves towards the eye. In this case, one or both eyeballs deviate to the side, causing double vision. Convergence can be improved special exercises.

If the patient is unable to combine two images that are formed on the retina of the left and right eyes in order to obtain a three-dimensional picture, a binocular vision disorder develops. This happens due to differences in the clarity or size of the images, as well as when they fall on different parts of the retinas. In this case, the patient sees two images simultaneously, which are offset from one another. To correct diplopia, the brain can suppress the image that forms on the retina of one eye. In this case, vision becomes monocular. In order to restore binocular vision, it is necessary, first of all, to correct visual impairment. The result is achieved through long-term training of both eyes working together.

What else can be done to restore a child’s vision?

For refractive errors in children (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism), as well as strabismus and amblyopia, most ophthalmologists prescribe courses hardware treatment which give a good effect. If earlier for this, young patients and their parents needed to visit the clinic, wasting time on travel and queues (and sometimes nerves and money), but now, with the development of technology, a whole range of effective and safe devices have appeared that can be used at home. The devices are small in size, affordable and easy to use.

The most popular and effective devices for home use

Sidorenko glasses (AMBO-01)- the most advanced device for self-use by the patient when various diseases eye. Combines color pulse therapy and vacuum massage. Can be used both in children (from 3 years old) and in elderly patients.

Vizulon- a modern color pulse therapy device, with several programs, which allows it to be used not only for the prevention and complex treatment of vision diseases, but also for pathology nervous system(for migraines, insomnia, etc.). Available in several colors.

The most famous and popular eye device based on color pulse therapy methods. It has been produced for about 10 years and is well known to both patients and doctors. It is characterized by low price and ease of use.

7-06-2010, 21:26

Description

At an appointment with an ophthalmologist

Pediatric ophthalmologist(from the Greek “ophthalmos” - eye) assesses the condition of the organ of vision and its functions in children. More often an eye doctor is called ophthalmologist- from Latin word"oculus".

Many defects organ of vision, disturbing adults, arise in childhood, often the cause eye diseases It is detected at an early age, and sometimes even before birth.

Parents often turn to ophthalmologist to find out if everything is okay with their child’s eyes, what these or other signs may mean.

A number of similar questions can be decide on your own, if you know basics of the structure and function of a child's eyes, pay attention to unusual external signs of the structure of the eye, redness of the eyes, white color of the pupil area, etc.

But in case of fundus diseases or eye injuries, you should consult a doctor.

Basics of the structure and function of the eyes

Eye Its shape resembles a table tennis ball.

Only the front part of the eyeball is visible from the outside. This is a transparent section of the outer (fibrous) shell, called the cornea, and triangular white sections of the opaque section of the same shell - the sclera.

Through cornea the choroid located deeper than the outer one is visible, or more precisely, its beautiful front part - the iris, which for each person has an individual pattern and color.

There is a round hole in the center of the iris - pupil. Posterior sections the outer and choroid are not visible. Most of the choroid, deep in the eyeball, is lined inner shell- retina.

The space between the cornea and the iris (anterior chamber) is occupied by transparent aqueous humor. Behind the iris is the lens, a biconvex biological magnifying lens about the size of a pea. The main volume inside the eye is filled with a transparent, colorless, gelatinous vitreous body.

The eyeball is often simplistically compared to a camera. Like a camera body, the sclera gives it its shape and protects what's inside this fragile device.

Cornea, like the front lens in a lens condenser, collects light rays into a beam, the choroid acts as a diaphragm.

The horizontal section of the eyeball and, like a cassette, protects the “holy of holies” of the eye - the retina, which can be compared to extremely sensitive photographic film - from excess light.

Horizontal section of the eyeball

The proverb says: " Protect your eyes like a diamond».

The diamond is stored in a box with soft foam rubber underneath it. With such a protective case for eyeball serves as a bone cavity - the orbit, lined with fatty tissue.

Each eyeball is suspended in the orbit by six muscles, the contraction of which synchronously turns both eyes towards the object in question. The front of the eye socket is covered by skin-muscular folds - the upper and lower eyelids. Eyebrows grow above the upper eyelids, preventing moisture from rolling off the forehead. At the edges of the eyelids there are eyelashes and the exit openings of the glands. The visible anterior parts of the sclera and the back surface of the eyelids are covered with conjunctiva - a thin mucous film, just as in the mouth the gums and lips are under a thin transparent mucous membrane.

Eye constantly moistened by numerous small, invisible lacrimal glands of the conjunctiva. Tears, when flowing profusely and when crying, are also produced by the large lacrimal gland, located under the upper outer edge of the orbit.

Tears roll down to the inner commissure of the eyelids. Near the inner corner of each eyelid there is a lacrimal punctum, which begins the lacrimal canaliculus, which flows into the lacrimal sac. Next, the lacrimal ducts open into the nasal cavity, where the tears eventually flow. Therefore, when a person cries, he begins to “sniffle.”

If there are a lot of tears, they do not have time to get into the nose and flow down the cheeks.

Job eyes in the act of seeing resembles the function of a microphone when recording audio.

The most difficult path just begins with the retina visual perception, which further involves the optic nerves, partially crossing each other (this formation is called the chiasm), visual pathways in the brain tissue, subcortical visual centers and bundles leading from them to the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe of the brain - the cortical center of the visual analyzer. It is in this place of the cerebral cortex that the final perception of what we see is formed.

Lacrimal organs

Visual acuity and its determination

One of basic functions of the eye - visual acuity, or the ability to recognize objects of minimal size at a maximum distance.

It is believed that a person who can count the fingers on his hand from a distance of 50 m sees well. In this case, the angle between the retina and the sides of the finger has a width equal to 1 minute. This ability - to see at a visual angle equal to 1 minute - is called unit (1.0), or, as they sometimes say very simply, 100% vision.

When viewing objects at the same distance visual acuity the higher the smaller objects can be seen. That is, the greater the distance a person can see objects of the same size, the higher the visual acuity.

Typically, visual acuity tests are placed at a distance of 5 m. The most commonly used table for this purpose is Sivtseva-Golovina. If we look at it from a distance of 5 m, then visual acuity equal to one corresponds to a clear vision of the tenth line from the top.

If a person sees only the signs of the first line, this corresponds to vision reduced by 10 times, that is, 0.1.

When determined using the Sivtsev-Golovin table from a five-meter distance, visual acuity when seeing each subsequent row of letters is 0.1 higher.

So, if a child distinguishes only the letters of the third row, his visual acuity is 0.3. In tables, instead of letters, there may be rings of different sizes with a gap, by the distinction of which visual acuity is judged.

It is widely used for examining children who do not know letters. Before determining the vision of such a child, you should take him to the table and check whether he names the pictures correctly. It must be taken into account that children's attention is quickly depleted.

Visual functions of children's eyes have a long ripening period.

For children three years old visual acuity of 0.2-0.3 can be considered normal.

For four year olds it is equal to 0.6.

And by the time admission to school visual acuity the child reaches 0.7-0.8.

If a child is not able to distinguish the first line of the table from a distance of 5 m, that is, his vision is less than 0.1, then he should be shown fingers from different distances.

Ability to count fingers from every meter away is regarded as 0.02: counts fingers from one meter - 0.02, from two - 0.04, from three - 0.06, from four - 0.08. If a child does not have objective vision and is not able to distinguish fingers, but sees only a hand near his face, his visual acuity is 0.001.

If a child does not even distinguish light, his vision is zero (0), but if there is light perception, visual acuity is assessed as 1.

How to determine whether an infant can see?

To do this, you need to check whether his pupil reacts to the bright light of an electric flashlight directed at him.

Aged one month The child usually follows objects moving at a distance of 20-40 cm from his eyes. TO three to four months he already sees objects more distant from him, and in four to six months, the baby visually reacts to familiar faces. If a child does not see what other children his age see, parents should show him pediatric ophthalmologist u.

When the vision of each eye is tested separately, the other eye should be covered.

Different reactions to turning off the right and left eyes means the difference in their visual acuity.

An important, but not the only condition good vision is the need for the rays coming from objects to connect exactly on the retina. This is possible if the length of the eye matches the strength of its optics - refraction. The proportionality of the length and optics of the eye is called emmetropia, disproportion is called ametropia.

If the eye is small or the optics are weak, parallel rays will converge only behind the retina, and the image on it will be blurry. The closer to such an eye the object observed by it, the rays from it will converge further from the retina and the worse a person with weak refraction sees. Since he sees distant objects better than close ones, he is called farsighted.

Some eye length too great or its refractive power optics is too strong, so parallel rays from distant objects will converge in the eye before reaching the retina. Only diverging rays from nearby objects can be collected on the retina.

Therefore this refraction called myopia- myopia. “Minus” glasses placed in front of the eye can compensate for vision in case of myopia, spread the rays and make refraction weaker. With farsightedness, rays that have a converging direction could connect on the retina even before entering the eye. But in nature there are no such rays.

Collecting rays can be created artificially by placing a convex “plus” glass on the eye. The figure shows the change in the path of rays when the glasses are in front of the eyes with different types disproportionate refraction. The eye itself, to some extent, can change its refractive power when examining objects at different distances. This is possible due to the fact that the curvature and, consequently, the refractive power of the lens changes.

The path of rays and the visibility of the observed object at different distances from the eye

This adaptation (focusing) of the eye to vision at different distances is called accommodation.

If the child sees poorly distant objects, and when placing minus glasses in front of the eye, his vision improves, he probably myopic.

Farsighted the child, thanks to the tension of his accommodation, copes with distance vision more often. But when looking at close objects for a long time, he can quickly get tired, since his accommodation is not enough to converge very divergent rays on the retina.

If, when a child looks into the distance, a convex glass is placed to the eye does not impair his vision, does not artificially create myopia, then the child is probably farsighted. In addition to such simple but subjective methods, depending on the answers of the subject, there are also objective methods for determining refraction that only a doctor can use.

Only an ophthalmologist can correctly determine refraction and answer the question of whether a child needs glasses.

Myopia

Myopia is not the same in time of onset, degree of refractive enhancement, complications and prognosis for vision.

Doctors differentiate three types of myopia:

- ordinary school myopia,

Congenital myopia,

Myopic disease.

Most children suffer school myopia, which usually begins when the child is still in primary school. It intensifies slowly and rarely reaches high levels in adulthood. Anatomical abnormalities of the eye in school myopia are either absent or very minor.

Table lamp power 60 V t, illuminating workplace child, it is recommended to cover green lampshade.

In the class of a myopic child, it is advisable seat on the middle row closer to the board.

The child is allowed to watch TV or work on the computer. no more than 1 hour a day. The monitor should not be placed in front of a window that creates a glare on the screen.

Play an important role good nutrition, being outdoors at least 1.5 hours in a day.

Myopic children physical exercise is beneficial, but acceptable for a myopic child physical activity Only a doctor can determine. Depending on the degree of myopia, a number of sports are contraindicated due to high stress and the possibility of injury: boxing, wrestling, weightlifting.

Myopic children Sometimes medications are prescribed, which, according to some doctors, are designed to improve the nutrition of the eye and strengthen its membranes and blood vessels. However, even without active intervention in most children, the progression of school-age myopia slows down on its own and further stops by adulthood. Therefore, with the current level of capabilities of medical science and practice, any very active intervention (especially surgical) in order to restore high vision in case of school myopia should be treated very carefully.

Sometimes myopia occurs from birth. This is the so-called congenital myopia. In such children, the degree of myopia is high and there are usually pronounced anatomical changes in the eye. The disease is diagnosed by the age of one to three years. It rarely progresses, that is, the degree of such myopia. Accommodation rarely increases with age.

Accommodation

At myopic disease The degree of myopia that begins at any age increases very quickly. Glasses have to be changed more than once a year. At the same time, it is not possible to achieve satisfactory visual acuity even with strong corrective glasses. The doctor detects changes in the fundus early - symptoms of dystrophic damage to the retina and optic nerve.

If the rays cannot converge at one point on the retina due to the fact that the refraction in different sections of the eye is not the same, refraction is called astigmatism. In such cases, the image remains blurry when any spherical glasses are applied to the eye, and only cylindrical glasses can correct this defect.

Define refraction and it is difficult to prescribe appropriate optical assistance due to the fact that young people have very strong accommodation, that is, the lens, constantly changing its curvature, changes refractive indexes.

With prolonged excessive stress child's accommodation(for example, when frequently viewing small objects at a very close distance, reading in low light, etc.), a temporary increase in refraction occurs. This is a spasm of accommodation, which is also called false myopia.

To determine what refraction a child actually has, he has to instill atropine drops into the eye slits, temporarily eliminating the ability to accommodate. Having lost accommodation after instillation of atropine, the child may note that his vision at close range has become worse; The child’s pupils become wide and stop constricting to the light. All these phenomena are not dangerous and soon pass. Sometimes, after instilling atropine, a child's face may turn red.

To reduce the possibility of this phenomenon, the child should be given water or milk frequently.

Many children with disproportionate refraction you have to use glasses.

Under no circumstances should you buy glasses for children without a doctor's prescription!

It is very important to choose comfortable spectacle frames so that the child experiences less discomfort when wearing glasses. It is important that the bridge of the frame matches the width of the bridge of the child’s nose, and that the temples of the glasses hold them firmly on the face and do not pinch behind the ears.

Main part of glasses- lenses. They can be made of glass or plastic. Plastic lenses are lighter in weight, they are less likely to break, but they scratch much faster. Which lenses to choose is not so important.

It is important that their plane in glasses is parallel to the corneas, and the optical centers of the lenses correspond to the centers of the pupils. And, of course, the lenses must be of the required strength.

Rules for using glasses

To reduce damage to glasses, they should be stored in a hard case.

Glasses should not be placed with the lenses facing down.

Periodically, glasses should be washed with warm water and soap and wiped with a special clean cloth.

Teenagers sometimes prefer vision correction with contact lenses. Caring for contact lenses for children is now much more difficult than caring for glasses. Their use, individual storage and sterilization are taught by the doctor who selected contact lenses from a certain company, and he will also recommend care products for these lenses.

Eye diseases

Strabismus

Strabismus- this is a non-parallel position of the eyeballs when looking into the distance. This is one of the most common reasons parents' concerns.

False impression strabismus in an infant under one year old may arise due to the oblique direction of its palpebral fissures. To make a preliminary diagnosis, you can shine a flashlight into the child’s face: in the absence of strabismus, the light will be symmetrically located on the black background of the pupils of the right and left eyes.

True strabismus- not only a cosmetic defect, but a health problem.

Cause of strabismus- a disorder in the coordinated activity of the muscles of the right and left eyes. The basis for inconsistency can be both structural disorders of the muscles themselves and disorders of the nervous regulation of the joint activity of these muscles. Therefore, such a child should be consulted by an ophthalmologist and a neurologist as early as possible.

If the reason is not related to neurological problems, will correct strabismus ophthalmologist. It will determine whether the same image is transmitted to the brain from the same object by the right and left eyes, that is, whether there is full binocular vision. If binocularity is impaired, the image may split into two, then the child’s brain will try to turn its eyes so that the signal from the worse eye is not sent to it.

Therefore, with strabismus ophthalmologist First of all, he tries to use glasses to make the visual acuity of each eye equally high. If glasses alone fail to improve the visual acuity of the worse eye (this is called amblyopia), the ophthalmologist forces the brain to develop an amblyopic eye through training.

In most cases, this is achieved using a sticker or drops that temporarily turn off information from the better eye: the worse (amblyopic) eye, forced to work harder, increases its visual acuity. When the child’s brain again begins to receive a double image, special exercises are used to merge them into a single stable three-dimensional image.

Treatment of strabismus- a task of several years that requires a lot of effort from both the child and his parents. Wearing glasses and eye exercises often alternate surgery on the extraocular muscles, then eye exercises are prescribed again.

Experts believe that with persistent treatment, binocular vision and parallel eye position can be restored in more than half of children who have mowed eyes.

If the eye looks different from everyone else's

When examining their child, parents sometimes notice some unusual signs of eye structure.

Normal appearance of the eyes

The inner corner of the palpebral fissures can be covered by a fold of eyelid skin called epicanthus. This innocent fold very often occurs in newborn children, and then, as their nasal bridge enlarges, it usually disappears - by about one year of age. Sometimes it's just a cosmetic feature of some human races.

Epicanthus

The absence of a section of the eyelid - coloboma of the eyelid - requires mandatory consultation with a doctor, since if the area of the cornea constantly remains uncovered, it can dry out.

Coloboma of the upper right eyelid

drooping eyelid - ptosis of the eyelid and non-closure of the eyelid - lagophthalmos may be the result of damage to the child’s nervous system and require medical consultation.

At the same time, newborn children open their eyes little, as they sleep almost constantly. Many healthy people infants During sleep, the eyelids remain open - there is nothing wrong with that.

Right ptosis upper eyelid

Lagophthalmos of the left eye

The edges of the eyelids and eyelashes may be curled to the side eyeball, This - entropion of the eyelids. Or, conversely, the mucous membrane of the eyelids and eyelashes are distant from the eye, this is - eversion of the eyelids.

Such states usually not dangerous, but inversion of the eyelids can lead to scratching of the cornea by eyelashes, and inversion can lead to drying out of the mucous membrane. The doctor will decide how quickly it is necessary to intervene in these conditions.

Entropion of the lower left eyelid

Eversion of the upper right eyelid

Increase in size of the entire eyelid or parts thereof may be caused swelling. With swelling, the skin of the eyelid becomes shiny; if the swelling is inflammatory in nature, the skin turns red. Swelling of the eyelids occurs quite easily and can quickly change in size. Why the swelling occurs and what should be done in such cases, the doctor must decide.

Eyelid tumors are rare in children. They manifest themselves in the form of sedentary limited formations - dermoids, lymphangiomas.

Dermoid- dense benign formation near the corner of the eyelids.

Lymphangioma- a colorless elastic formation, it is usually vaguely limited, deforms the palpebral fissure. Such formations grow slowly, the color of the skin above them does not change. The child should be seen by an ophthalmologist, as these benign tumors can be confused with other diseases that require active treatment.

Sometimes in a child enlarged eyelid or its area has a pigment-changed color, this is a manifestation of a pigmented tumor - nevus. A timely consultation with a specialist will allow you to choose the right tactics - observation or active treatment.

Protrusion of the eyeball from the orbit- exophthalmos or retraction of the eye - enophthalmos occur due to changes in the volume of the contents of the orbit. An examination by a specialist will show how dangerous these changes are for the vision, and sometimes for the life of the child.

Sometimes baby significant change in corneal diameter.

Why are the sizes of the corneas changed? Is this a decrease in the entire eye - microphthalmos or an enlargement of the entire eye - hydrophthalmos?

An increase in the size of the cornea in a child over 11 mm is often caused by an increase in intraocular pressure - childhood glaucoma. This serious disease eye, leading to significant loss of vision, definitely requires observation and treatment by an experienced ophthalmologist!

Ultrasound or modern X-ray examination allows you to accurately determine the size of the cornea and the entire eyeball.

Hydrophthalmos on the right

Microphthalmos on the right

Changes in the shape of a child's pupils may occur due to adhesions of the iris to the lens - synechia, and also be a manifestation of incomplete fusion of the germinal fissure of the eye before birth - Colobomas of the iris.

Sinekhin on the left eye

Sinekhin on the left eye

Red eyelids and eyes

Causes of red eyes and eyelids there may be various diseases.

Red staining skin newborn age may be a consequence of subcutaneous hemorrhage that occurred during childbirth, as well as a benign tumor - hemangiomas. Typically, eyelid hemangioma gradually becomes paler with age, its size decreases, and it may disappear on its own. If such a spot grows, you should resort to surgical or radiation treatment.

In cases where child's eyelid skin was normal before, and then turned red, you should think about skin inflammation - dermatitis caused by medications, food allergies, and, in adolescence, the use of cosmetics. If, in addition to redness, there is swelling, pain, and disturbances in the movements of the eyelid, then it is likely inflammatory cause changes. Swelling and redness of the eyelid skin may also be the result of an insect bite.

Inflammation of the edges of the eyelids - blepharitis- manifested by redness and thickening of the edges of the eyelids, scales on them, loss of eyelashes, and a feeling of itching of the eyelids. The cause of this disease is inflammation of the glands located in the edge of the eyelids, which occurs due to general diseases, carious teeth, hypovitaminosis, and poor sanitary conditions. Children with blepharitis should be checked for worms. One of the common causes of blepharitis can be demodex mites.

Uncorrected refractive errors can also cause this long-lasting, difficult-to-treat condition.

Blepharitis of both eyes

Barley- limited inflammation of one or two sebaceous glands of the eyelids. At the edge of the eyelids, pinpoint painful redness, swelling, and then an abscess appear. Barley can increase in volume and open on its own, can also resolve on its own or turn into a rounded chronic low-inflammatory formation in the cartilage - hailstone.

With an increase in inflammatory phenomena in barley, the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes increase, body temperature rises, and the child’s general condition worsens.

Treatment consists of heating the stye area with dry heat (heating pad, UHF), instilling a 20% or 30% solution of sodium sulfacyl (albucid) into the palpebral fissure.

Do not squeeze out the stye or apply a compress or bandages to it!

The doctor may also prescribe general anti-inflammatory treatment.

Stye on the upper eyelid of the right eye

At increase in stye inflammation can spread to the entire eyelid, it suddenly swells and turns red. This abscess of the eyelid- a serious illness that requires seeing a doctor.

Redness of the eyes most often caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the front of the eyeball and back surface century, - conjunctivitis. Along with redness, photophobia, lacrimation, mucopurulent discharge, and a feeling of sand in the eyes are noted.

Conjunctivitis of both eyes (right eyelids are everted)

Main cause of conjunctivitis- irritation of the mucous membrane and infection. Conjunctivitis often accompanied acute inflammation respiratory tract. The discharge from the palpebral fissures sticks together the eyelashes and the swollen edges of the eyelids. First of all, you need to treat the general disease.

Conjunctivitis is usually treated as follows.

The eyes are freed from purulent discharge by washing the eyelids with a solution of "..."a or potassium permanganate (1:5000).

You can use strong tea leaves instead of these pharmaceuticals.

Drops containing a solution of sulfonamides or antibiotics are instilled into the eye slits every two hours.

You should wash your hands often with soap. Infection through common household items, towels, bed sheets it can be transmitted from the mucous membrane of sick eyes to healthy ones, so the patient should have a separate towel.

At conjunctivitis should not be blindfolded, as this creates conditions for rapid proliferation of microbes.

Usually conjunctivitis heals within a week, however, a number of forms of this disease have their own characteristics and duration.

U newborn picture of inflammation of the eye mucosa may occur at the age of 2-3 days due to infection with gonococci from the mother's birth canal. This disease is called gonoblennorrhea.

Gonorrheal conjunctivitis, in addition to redness of the mucous membrane of the eyelids and eyeballs, is characterized by dense swelling of the eyelids and copious bloody-purulent discharge. Such swelling of the mucous membrane of a newborn is extremely dangerous, as it leads to malnutrition of the cornea, its ulceration and perforation.

As a result gonococci All membranes and environments of the eye can become infected. The result of gonorrheal inflammation of the eye can be blindness. To prevent the baby from developing such eye infections, immediately after birth a 20% solution of sodium sulfacyl (albucid) is instilled into both eye slits. With timely and correct treatment, the disease goes away quickly.

However, when conjunctivitis with films that are difficult to remove, consider diphtheria conjunctivitis. The patient should be hospitalized to be actively treated for this extremely life-threatening disease.

Chronic conjunctivitis occurs due to constant eye irritation from dust, allergies to the use of cosmetics, incorrect spectacle correction, dental diseases or gastrointestinal tract. In infants purulent conjunctivitis can last a very long time if its mucous membrane is constantly infected with microbes from clogged lacrimal ducts. This disease is called dacryocystitis.

Dacryocystitis on the left

Usually by the time of birth the obstruction in these pathways dissolves. If this does not happen, the tear does not find a way out and conditions are created for the development of infection.

The main symptom of dacryocystitis- the appearance of tears or pus from the lacrimal openings when pressing on the area of the lacrimal sac. To disinfect the mucous membrane, antimicrobial agents are instilled into the palpebral fissure. If there is no result from the daily repeated massage of the lacrimal ducts prescribed by the doctor, designed to push out the plug, they resort to surgical procedures.

Redness of the eye may be a manifestation of inflammation of the sclera - scleritis. In such cases, the redness is not very bright, painful, and is limited to a small area of the sclera. Common reasons scleritis - allergies, acute or chronic infections.

Scleritis on the right eye

Inflammation of the cornea - keratitis- enough frequent illness. Unlike conjunctivitis, redness with keratitis is most pronounced near the cornea. But a clear symptom of this disease is violation of the transparency of the cornea. Keratitis occurs more often as a consequence of conjunctivitis and is caused by various microorganisms, allergens, and injuries. Keratitis can be caused by many general diseases. Any keratitis must be treated by a doctor.

Keratitis of the right eye

Redness of the eyeball is also typical for diseases of the choroid. These diseases are called iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis. Inflammatory diseases choroid are very dangerous, with them there is a significant decrease in visual functions.

Iritis of the right eye

White pupil color

Parents need to pay attention to child's pupils. Normally, the pupillary area is black in color, since through transparent optics the deep parts of the eye appear black. But if there is something opaque in the deep optical media, the color of the pupil appears light.

Cause of white pupil most often is cataract- clouding of the lens. It is clear that the child will see very poorly through the cloudy lens.

Causes of the disease. Cataracts in children More often it occurs in the prenatal period due to hereditary causes or illness of the mother during pregnancy.

There is a high risk of cataracts in an unborn baby if his mother had rubella during pregnancy.

The cause of clouding of the lens may also be metabolic disorders of the child. In this case, a baby born without eye pathology gradually becomes blind, and his pupils become grey colour. Therefore, it is advisable to show the infant to an ophthalmologist.

Complete cataract of the right eye

Partial cataract of the right eye

The appearance of a light-colored pupil is especially dangerous. deep behind the iris. Parents may notice a white, gray or yellow glow in the area of the pupil when the child's eyes are turned at a certain angle. In most cases, such a child also has poor vision.

This is a very ominous sign; it is necessary to immediately show the baby to an ophthalmologist, since this symptom in young children can be caused by a tumor retina - retinoblastoma. Such a malignant tumor is dangerous not only for the eye, but also for the life of the child. Retinoblastoma can be inherited.

Children who were born prematurely with a very low body weight (usually less than 2000 g) and who received oxygen inhalation for a long time while nursing may also experience white pupils.

This pathology is retinopathy of prematurity, unlike retigublastoma, is not life-threatening, but is very dangerous for vision. If the disease is detected early (and it usually appears a month after birth), doctors attempt to treat it. Therefore, a very premature baby must be shown to an eye doctor often, at least once a month, in order to detect the first signs of the disease as early as possible and begin treatment.

There are a number of other diseases that, after a long course, sometimes manifest themselves as a white pupil. These are retinal detachments and vitreous opacities caused by various reasons.

Diseases found in the fundus of the eye

Changes in depth of the eye very often they do not manifest themselves in anything other than a decrease in visual functions (acuity, field of vision, color perception and light perception) and are not noticeable during external examination. But the cause of these disorders can often only be determined by a doctor who examines the fundus.

Therefore, an ophthalmologist always examines the bottom of his patients’ eyes (ophthalmoscope). With ophthalmoscopy, a circle of the fundus area is visible. Its red color is due to the translucency of the red choroid through the colorless retina. Against this background there is a disk - the end part of the optic nerve.

The tone of the retinal vessels approaches the disc like threads. In the very center of the bottom there is a small depression - the central fossa. Her diseases lead to a significant drop in visual acuity.

Disturbances in the red coloration of the periphery of the fundus occur as a result of diseases of the deep parts of the eye or the whole organism. The bottom of the eye is the place where the doctor directly sees the nerve and blood vessels of his patient. Therefore, when diagnosing a child, doctors of many specialties are interested in the results of a fundus examination.

Eye injuries

Eye injuries in children are extremely dangerous. Eye damage is easier to prevent than to cure its consequences. As a rule, eye injuries in children arise from lack of proper attention from adults.

Strong blow to the eye area with a blunt object often leads to swelling and hemorrhage under the skin of the eyelids. Even when there is no visible violation of the integrity of the membranes, a child who has received such a contusion should be shown to a doctor. It may turn out that the bones of the orbit, membranes and contents of the eyeball are seriously damaged.

It is even more dangerous when, when receiving a mechanical injury, the integrity of the skin of the eyelids, mucous membrane, sclera and cornea is damaged - injury.

Preventing eye injuries

To prevent an infant from injuring his eyes with his own nails, they must be trimmed in a timely manner.

When giving a child a toy, you need to think about whether he could injure his eye with it. Objects made from breakable materials with sharp edges and corners often cause severe eye damage, especially when falling into the hands of children. Toys sold usually state what age they are intended for. Toys such as ball guns, slingshots, bows and the like can be the cause of great misfortune.

Needles, pins, nails, scissors, knives, forks and other sharp objects should be kept out of the reach of small children.

It is necessary to accustom the child to the fact that carpentry and turning work require certain general and personal funds protecting eyes from mechanical injury - screens, glasses.

Mechanical injury occurs as a result of a foreign body entering the palpebral fissure: dust particles, pieces of coal, metal, fragments of an emery wheel.

Even a foreign body lying superficially in the palpebral fissure causes photophobia, lacrimation, contraction of the eyelids, and severe pain. It may appear under the eyelid or on the cornea. It is not recommended to remove it yourself, as it can cause serious complications. If this happens, you should put a bandage on the eye and take the child to the hospital as soon as possible. supine position to the doctor.

Eye burns

Extremely dangerous eye burns.

Children get thermal burns using firecrackers and other pyrotechnic devices without parental supervision, setting fire to flammable and explosive substances.

For any thermal burn the victim must be taken to a doctor as quickly as possible.

Chemical substances entering the palpebral fissure cause chemical burns. They also lead to very serious consequences.

Alkali and acid burns cause corrosion of eye tissue. When chemical burn You should immediately begin rinsing the eye with plenty of water for at least 5-10 minutes. For acid burns Early neutralization with a soda solution works well, and for alkaline burns it is advisable to start washing with citric or boric acid.

It happens that children get burns aniline dyes- aniline pencil lead, ink. In such cases, it is necessary to wash the eyes with tanning substances, such as strong tea.

Children love to watch the flash of electric welding. In this case, a radiation burn may occur, manifested by severe pain in the eyes, photophobia, and lacrimation. In this case, cold lotions help, and the symptoms usually go away quickly on their own.

We must firmly understand that for any burn of a child's eyes You need to see a doctor as soon as possible!

Even if you have no complaints about child's eye condition, nevertheless, it should be periodically shown to an ophthalmologist.

Children have been suffering from serious illnesses lately. Pathologies that cannot be prevented are especially common. Visual impairment leads to serious illnesses. The article will tell you which eye diseases in children (photos and names are attached) are the most common.

Mostly, newborns and preschoolers are at risk. Why? Infants may experience delays in proper development. Some preschoolers are not able to prepare for the educational process. Older children may experience lower academic performance and self-esteem. They refuse to attend sports classes and choose a profession they do not like. With proper diagnosis, many ailments can be treated. We will talk about the name of eye diseases in children of infectious and viral origin below.

Causes

Eye diseases in children occur due to certain factors:

Congenital diseases: the presence of a genetic predisposition during eye development, infections developing in the womb, lack of vitamins, negative environment.
Factors affecting vision: inflammation of the fundus, allergic reactions to a specific irritant, infections on the membranes of the eyes, previous burns or injuries, severe stress on the visual system, dark lighting in the room or regular computer activities.

To eliminate visual impairment, consultation with an experienced ophthalmologist is necessary. The specialist identifies the type of disease and prescribes specific treatment. Eye diseases can lead to serious complications. The child faces severe headaches, visual impairment, and pathological enlargement of the fundus. As a result, the child may lose vision.

It is worth highlighting chalazion - an eye disease in a child, which is characterized by the appearance of a benign growth. Its causes are blockage of the duct and the presence of infectious diseases.

Symptoms

Children's eye diseases are characterized by certain symptoms. The appearance of itching, swelling, and white discharge from the eye area indicates initial manifestations conjunctivitis. This disease often occurs in newborns. There are types of conjunctivitis that differ from each other in certain symptoms. The allergic process is formed against the background of external irritants. Allergens in this case are dust, plants and chemicals.

Viral inflammation is characterized by redness of the eyeball, swelling, and regular tearing. The virus provokes infections of various origins. Bacterial conjunctivitis occurs when germs enter the tissue that covers the eye area. As a result, children experience purulent discharge and redness. Infants exhibit white discharge on the eyelashes, red eyes, and swollen eyelids. Inflammation is caused by bacteria or various mechanical damage. Regular tear production copious discharge may indicate inflammation of the pouch inner eye.

Myopia

Specialists often encounter myopia in childhood. Usually children are born with this pathology. Especially if loved ones suffer from this disease. As a result, the child acquires a similar disease. Symptoms appear at any time. Diseases are especially often detected during schooling. At this time, healthy children are prone to the appearance of false myopia. Absence preventive measures And proper treatment can lead to serious pathology. If a child cannot detect objects at a long distance, this indicates the appearance of childhood myopia.

Many children do not realize that they have vision problems. The main symptom is squinting of the eyes when approaching a certain object. Regular symptoms can only be noticed in educational institutions. Children constantly complain about headache, discomfort and severe fatigue. It is especially difficult for them to concentrate on a specific subject.

Visual functions in childhood develop until the age of 8 years. It is during this period that it is important to detect visual impairments. These include myopia and farsightedness. You should choose certain glasses that can stop the development of the disease. Otherwise, such visual impairments will lead to vision loss. Children in preschool age should be examined regularly by an ophthalmologist. During the examination, the specialist will record decreased vision, conduct a special study and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Strabismus

Strabismus represents congenital disease eyes in children, changes in eye position. The visual axes diverge on a certain object. By appearance It is noticeable that the eye deviates incorrectly in a specific direction. Strabismus is serious problem for many children. The child's visual perception is immediately impaired. Pathology is often observed in early childhood. Presence of disease in infancy indicates congenital pathology. The occurrence of the disease in preschool age indicates the factors that led to the appearance of this disease. In children, strabismus develops before the age of 4 years. Violation of the visual axis is considered only as strabismus.

Often the disease develops against the background of farsightedness of the baby. During this period, he poorly recognizes objects that are near him. Retinal damage leads to the appearance of this pathology. Children's images are distorted and the picture appears blurry. With strabismus, visual acuity decreases. Complications are caused by disruption of the visual system. The transmission of information to the brain, which the impaired eye remembers, is blocked. This condition causes mental deviation and squint increases.

Amblyopia

Amblyopia is a congenital eye disease in children characterized by impairment of one eye. Basically, it develops against the background of brain shutdown or suppression of vision in one eye. It manifests itself in chronic strabismus or in the presence of myopia, farsightedness. Instantly blocks visual perception in one eye. Similar disease affects about 6% of children. Treatment is always successful before the age of 6 years. At an older age, there is little chance of vision restoration. To fully identify the disease, it is necessary to undergo a complete diagnosis.

Eye infections in childhood

Blepharitis is a serious inflammation that affects the upper and lower eyelids. The causes are long-term exposure to chemicals in the eye area. The simple form of the disease is redness of the eyelids, which do not disturb the fundus tissue. Inflammatory processes are accompanied by minimal swelling. At this moment, the eyelids begin to blink heavily. Movement causes purulent discharge from the eyes. characterized by profuse swelling and severe redness around the eyelids. Grayish scales appear on the eyelids, which look like dandruff. When the tumors are removed, the skin begins to bleed slightly. The patient experiences severe itching in the eyelid area. Pain appears in the fundus of the eye and when blinking.

The ulcerative form of the disease is serious illness. The condition of children during this period worsens. The main symptom is dried pus on the eyelashes. Crusts form that stick the eyelashes together. It is impossible to delete them. When touching the skin, pain is felt. After removing the crusts, minor ulcers remain. With proper treatment, healing occurs slowly. Recovery is only partial. During this period, eyelashes stop actively growing and fall out.

Inflammation of the optic canal

Optic nerve disease is a serious inflammatory process that occurs within the ocular portion of the optic canal. The main reason is the penetration of infections into the organs of vision caused by meningitis, sinusitis or chronic otitis. IN in rare cases inflammation develops based on allergic reactions or chemical poisoning. The severity of the patients is characterized by the reasons that influenced the appearance of this pathology. Typically, potent toxins attack the optic nerve instantly. The consequences in this situation are irreversible. Infectious processes develop over three days.

The main signs of an inflammatory process of the optic nerve are decreased vision for no particular reason. The perception of colors is impaired. When examining the optic canal, changes are observed in optic nerve, edema, blurred outlines, swelling of the optic arteries. With advanced inflammation, the disease progresses instantly. Excessive swelling develops in the optic nerve. After a while, it combines with all tissues. In rare cases, minor retinal hemorrhage and clouding of the eyeball are diagnosed. In the presence of light form inflammation, vision is completely restored. Regularly carry out procedures that increase immunity. Treatment is based on antibiotics.

Purulent infections

Viral eye diseases in children cause pathogenic microorganisms. They penetrate the fundus of the eye and multiply. In rare cases, the cause is eye injury. There are several types of this disease. Iridocyclitis appears within 2 days after eye injury. It is impossible to touch the eye due to severe pain. The iris has a grayish tint, and the pupil becomes gray. Endophthalmitis is a severe form of the disease that occurs with serious inflammatory processes in the eye area. Pain syndrome is felt even in calm state. During examination, dilated vessels are detected, yellow fundus.

A purulent complication has a special concept - panophthalmitis. It occurs only in rare cases. With proper antibiotic treatment, this disease can be prevented. To prevent vision loss, you need to seek help from a specialist. Disease of this type spreads to the entire fundus of the eye. Appears sharp pain, swelling of the eyelids occurs, the mucous membrane has profuse redness and swells noticeably. Pus accumulates throughout the mucous membrane. The skin around the eyes turns red. The painful sensations are intense. In severe cases of the disease it is necessary surgical intervention. If the operation is successfully performed, vision is not completely restored.

Diagnostics

An eye disease in a child is determined by a doctor only after a complete diagnosis. At the first examination, all information about the patient is collected. Carry out a comprehensive examination of the fundus using specialized equipment. To establish accurate diagnosis it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination. Intraocular pressure is carefully checked. Using a slit lamp, the cornea, iris, vitreous body and anterior chamber of the eye are examined. Corneal tissue is examined using a microscope. The sensitivity of the retina to light is examined. Study choroid eyes due to intravenous administration of a special medicine. The state of the optic nerve disc is scanned with a laser.

Treatment

Treatment depends on what eye diseases the child has. It is not recommended to purchase medications yourself. Only a qualified doctor can prescribe them. The specialist selects funds taking into account important factors. It identifies the patient’s general symptoms, his age and the presence of diseases in the body. In addition to the main medications, medications are prescribed that prevent disruption of the intestinal microflora and preserve the natural gastric mucosa.

Many parents stop giving medications to their child after the symptoms in the eye area disappear. This is not recommended. Bacteria are not destroyed during this period. After taking the medicine, they subside for a certain time. You should take the full course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor. Many antibiotics cause allergic reactions. When using any drug, you must monitor your health.

The human body is fragile and balanced. The slightest violations can lead to serious consequences. Treatment of eye diseases in children with antibiotics can negatively affect internal organs person. Antibiotics have particular benefits in eliminating eye diseases. Preparations can be for internal and external use. Potent substances are found in ointments, gels, lotions, and creams. They take it out in a few days purulent inflammation and infections of various origins. They have a serious effect on the body. Allows you to get rid of viral diseases and infections.

To treat eye diseases in premature babies, special therapy is prescribed. It includes treating the skin externally and consuming antibacterial agents inside. "Doxycycline" is an antibiotic of the tetracycline group. Actively fights unwanted microorganisms. The tablets should be taken after eating food. You need to take the medicine with plenty of water. You can take no more than 50 mg of the drug per day. The course of treatment ranges from 1.5 to 3 months.

Penicillin copes well with various types of diseases. Available in the form of tablets, solution and dragees. The medicine has bactericidal effects, eliminates inflammatory processes, and removes formed pus from the surface of the skin. The dosage is selected individually, taking into account general condition patient. The interval between taking tablets should be 8 hours.

"Ospamox" is a popular antibiotic for the treatment of eye diseases in newborns, which fights infections and inflammation in the body. It is used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the fundus of the eye. The drug treats infectious diseases of the skin mucosa. Mostly children tolerate it calmly and without complications. In some cases, it can cause allergic reactions, disruption of intestinal microflora and sudden emotional irritation. It all depends on the individual intolerance to a certain component. All medications should be taken as prescribed by the doctor. Otherwise, irreversible reactions may occur.

Prevention

In order to prevent eye diseases in a child, the following measures are carried out:

To preserve a child’s good vision, at school he should be moved to different desks several times a year so that his eyes do not get used to looking at the board from only one angle.
The optimal time for playing on a PC or tablet, as well as watching TV shows without damaging the child’s visual apparatus, is an hour and a half a day, and for preschool children - 30 minutes.
Parents also need to make sure that their baby leads an active lifestyle and engages in instructional sports.
Be sure to include in your child’s diet foods rich in vitamins necessary for vision.

Eye diseases in children are unpleasant, dangerous, they can affect the child’s development, his self-esteem, develop complexes, reduce academic performance, limit his choice of sports and even professional activity. Therefore, it is so important to detect eye diseases in children as early as possible and begin proper treatment.

To help parents, in this article, we will tell you what eye diseases there are in children, give a list of them, arranged alphabetically, names, brief descriptions, signs, as well as the age of children at which this or that disease may appear.

In this section we will describe all childhood eye pathologies that affect visual acuity, including myopia, farsightedness, strabismus and others.

Amblyopia

Uneven use of one eye compared to the other (lazy eye), due to this, deterioration of its visual functions occurs. The disease is treated by temporarily turning off the frequently used eye and including the patient in the visual activity (occlusion).

Myopia

This disease is also called myopia - a common disease in childhood. Appears at approximately five to eight years of age. The child begins to blur objects that are far from his eyes. As a rule, it is formed during active growth of the eye and due to increased load on it. Myopia is treated by wearing glasses.

Retinopathy

Disease in premature babies. Due to the arrest of the normal growth of retinal vessels, they develop fibrosis, scarring of the retina, which greatly affects visual functions, with the risk of complete loss of vision.

In premature babies who have suffered retinopathy, various complications are possible (myopia, astigmatism, retinal detachment). Treatment is surgical.

Spasm of accommodation

Also called false myopia. With this pathology, the ability of the accommodative (ciliary) muscle to relax is impaired, which leads to a decrease in distance visual acuity. It is observed in school-age children. It is quickly eliminated with the help of gymnastic eye exercises and ophthalmic drug therapy.

Strabismus (squint)

A pathology in which one or both eyes are positioned incorrectly, causing them to be unable to concentrate on one point at a time. In this case, binocular vision is impaired. In newborn children, there is uncoordination in their gaze; at three to four months the eyes should align; if this does not happen, you need to consult a doctor. Older children complain of blurred vision, photosensitivity, double vision, and rapid eye fatigue. Treatment should begin at the first symptoms. It is done using glasses. If the disease is caused by damage to the nerve that controls the extraocular muscle, electrical stimulation and training are prescribed; if it is not effective, surgery on the muscle is performed at three to five years.

Infectious eye diseases

In this section of the article we will look at all the most common ophthalmological diseases associated with infections, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis and many others.

Blepharitis

An infectious disease that can be caused by various kinds of microorganisms, and which can also appear against the background of other chronic diseases (tonsillitis, laryngitis, anemia, disease digestive system and others). The main signs of blepharitis are similar to many other inflammatory processes (redness of the eyelids, itching, burning, photosensitivity, increased lacrimation). But there are also special symptoms that depend on the type of blepharitis.

Treatment must be carried out immediately to avoid complications with antibacterial drugs.

Dacryocystitis

This is an inflammatory process in the so-called lacrimal fossa, occurring due to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, due to impaired outflow of tear fluid. Dacryocystitis of the eyes occurs in newborns and children of different ages. Symptoms include swelling, redness and pain in the inner corner of the eye, and purulent discharge appears. Consultation with a specialist is necessary for proper treatment of the disease.

It is necessary to treat infectious eye diseases in children, which have different forms, using medication, surgery, laser, extracorporeal methods, as prescribed by a doctor.

Barley

It is characterized by the formation of a purulent abscess on the eyelid. Accompanied by itching, burning, pain, sometimes elevated temperature. The appearance of this nuisance is usually caused by bacteria such as staphylococci. This disease occurs in children at any age. At the first symptoms of swelling of the eyelids, you should apply a warm compress to the affected area and consult a doctor. Antibiotic eye drops are used for treatment.

Congenital eye diseases

There are also congenital eye diseases, which include such common ones as cataracts, glaucoma, as well as lesser known ones, for example, ectropion. We will talk about them below.

Glaucoma

It is congenital in children and is expressed in increased intraocular pressure due to disturbances in the development of the outflow pathways of the ocular fluid. Congenital is called hydrophthalmos. High pressure leads to stretching of the eyeball, atrophy of the optic nerve, clouding of the cornea, resulting in loss of vision. Treatment is aimed at normalizing pressure inside the eye, using special eye drops. If drug treatment is ineffective, surgery is necessary.

Dermoid eyelid

Occurs during the formation of the fetus, due to improper fusion of various tissues. A dense round formation appears, having a single or multiple state, located on the limbus, conjunctiva, and cornea. Almost always has a benign nature. This disease requires treatment, as it can be a source of infection and inflammation, which will eventually lead to suppuration and degeneration into malignant tumor. It can only be treated surgically, by complete removal.

Cataract

In children, this is a congenital grayish cloudiness of the lens, which prevents the eye from being permeable to light and the proper development of the visual apparatus. There are no medications that can restore transparency to the lens, so doctors recommend surgery to remove the clouding when the child reaches six months of age. If two eyes are affected, the second one is operated on after four months. The removed lens is replaced artificial lenses. But not every age is suitable for one method or another.

Retinoblastoma

A formation inside the eye that is malignant in nature. More than fifty to sixty percent of cases of this disease are inherited. It is found in children two to three years old. If a child is born into a family with cases of the disease, he must be under the constant supervision of an ophthalmologist from birth. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease, is complex, and consists of the use of various modern methods (radiation, drug chemotherapy, laser coagulation, cryotherapy, thermotherapy) can allow the child to preserve not only the eyes, but also visual functions.

Ectropion

Eversion, in which the lower eyelid lags behind the eyeball and is turned outward. In children, it is congenital in nature, due to a lack of skin of the lower eyelid or excess skin on the edges of the eyelids. The complication manifests itself in the form of lagophthalmos, profuse lacrimation. The main method of treatment is surgery.

Entropien

Congenital disease, expressed in entropion of the eyelid, due to excess skin or muscle fibers in the eyelash area, with spasm of the orbicularis muscle. For this disease, resection surgery is indicated.

Poor eyesight at an early age significantly delays the baby's development.

A sleeping child, regardless of his age, always seems small and touchingly defenseless. I really want to protect him from all dangers! But, unfortunately, some diseases cannot be avoided. Some of them pass without a trace, others leave unpleasant “memories” for many years. In order to prevent serious consequences, it is necessary to detect the disease as early as possible and begin treatment.

This is especially true for eye diseases. Poor vision at an early age significantly delays the development of a child; in preschoolers, it limits the range of interests and slows down preparation for school. Visual impairment in schoolchildren reduces academic performance, self-esteem, and hinders the choice of sports and future profession.

The child’s visual system is still developing and has plasticity and huge reserves. Therefore, many eye diseases can be treated exclusively in childhood, and the earlier treatment is started, the more successfully.

Eye diseases in children: consider symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, possible treatment. Eye diseases in children

Vision problems in children

Eye diseases in newborns

Visual impairment in preschool children

Strabismus

Pathology of refraction

Eye diseases in schoolchildren

Myopia

Farsightedness

Astigmatism

What else can be done to restore a child’s vision?

The most popular and effective devices for home use

Description

Causes

Symptoms

Myopia

Strabismus

Amblyopia

Eye infections in childhood

Inflammation of the optic canal

Purulent infections

Diagnostics

Treatment

Prevention

Amblyopia

Myopia

Retinopathy

Spasm of accommodation

Strabismus (squint)

Infectious eye diseases

Blepharitis

Dacryocystitis

Barley

Congenital eye diseases

Glaucoma

Dermoid eyelid

Cataract

Retinoblastoma

Ectropion

Entropien

Eye diseases in newborns

Eye diseases in preschool children

Eye diseases in schoolchildren