Streptoderma is a similar disease. Preventive measures and prognosis. Systemic antibiotic therapy for streptoderma
Update: October 2018
Streptoderma is any form of purulent-inflammatory skin diseases caused by streptococci. For the development of the disease, two factors are necessary: the presence of streptococcus and damaged skin with reduced protective properties. Most often, streptoderma occurs in children. The reasons for this are the imperfection of the protective function of the skin and the inability to fully control the hygiene of a small child.
The first factor: streptococcus
Streptococci are opportunistic pathogens that are almost always in contact with humans. They live on the skin, any mucous membranes, in respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract person. Almost every person temporarily becomes a carrier of streptococci several times during his life, there are also permanent carriers. Moreover, staphylococcus often joins the hemolytic streptococcus, which is the causative agent of streptoderma.
Streptococci are relatively resistant to environment: tolerate drying well and remain in the dust and on household items for months. When exposed to disinfectants chemicals die in 15 minutes, when boiled - immediately, at a temperature of +60 ° C - after 30 minutes.
Streptococcus can cause many diseases in humans: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, erysipelas, streptoderma, abscesses, pneumonia, bronchitis, lymphadenitis, meningitis, glomerulonephritis and others.
Second factor: skin damage
As long as the skin and mucous membranes perform their barrier functions, streptococci do not cause any problems to a person, however, with any damage, the skin may lose its protective properties, and the affected area will become the entrance gate of infection. In this case, streptoderma develops.
- This usually occurs with wounds, cuts, abrasions, insect bites, scratching in allergic and inflammatory diseases (, allergic dermatitis), with a rash (for example, with urticaria or chickenpox).
- Sometimes the skin is affected, which outwardly seemed intact, but in this case there are microtraumas that are not visible to the eye, or a slight local inflammation that could be ignored.
Getting on the damaged area of the skin, streptococci, which previously most often peacefully existed on the skin or in the nasopharynx and did not cause diseases, become active, begin to multiply rapidly and cause inflammation, prone to a persistent long course.
Sources of infection
Streptococcus can get on damaged skin from various sources:
- Upholstered in the skin of the child itself
- With household items (toys, dishes, towels)
- From a healthy carrier with no disease
- From a patient with streptoderma, streptococcal pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever or bronchitis, less often - other diseases caused by streptococcus
In the latter case, the causative agents of the disease are more aggressive, since they have already multiplied in favorable conditions and become stronger and more resilient.
Quite often, streptoderma in children occurs as an epidemic outbreak in kindergarten, children's sports sections, school. A sick child in this case is a source of infection. The incubation period for streptoderma is 2-10 days.
Ways of infection
Routes of infection are ways of transmitting an infection from a source to a sick person.
- The contact path - with direct contact of the carrier's skin with the damaged skin of the child (during joint games, hugs, kisses).
- Contact household - through shared toys, household items, towels, dishes.
- Airborne (less often) - when the pathogen enters the damaged skin directly during sneezing and coughing of the carrier or the patient.
Why do relapses and persistent course of streptoderma occur in children?
If local immunity the child has developed, the skin is not broken, the immune system functions normally, the reproduction of streptococcus is suppressed by the body. A more severe and persistent course of streptoderma, relapses of the disease occur in children with the following predisposing factors:
- When a child has impaired immunological reactivity: premature babies, with anemia, with helminthiasis (see), with common infections.
- In children with chronic skin diseases: ), ), allergic manifestations, atopic dermatitis
- And also with otitis, rhinitis, when discharge from the auricles and nose irritates the skin
- When exposed external factors- high and low temperatures- burns and frostbite
- Poor personal hygiene, poor child care
- Prolonged or permanent contact damaged areas skin with water, no treatment.
Symptoms and forms of the disease
Common symptoms can appear with any common form of the disease and include:
- an increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C and above
- health disorder
- intoxication
- headache
- muscle and joint pain
- nausea, vomiting
- inflammation of the lymph nodes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe foci of infection
- changes in blood tests
The duration of the disease depends on the form and severity of the lesion and ranges from 3 to 14 days. Depending on the location and depth of the lesion in children, several of the most common forms of streptoderma are distinguished.
The classic, most common and frequently encountered form. In this case, the child has single small rashes of a characteristic appearance on the skin of the face, hands, feet and other open areas of the body. Streptoderma in the nose usually also occurs in the form of classic impetigo.
Most often, this form of the disease occurs because it is the most limited, the pathogen does not penetrate beyond the surface layer, since in most cases the skin still performs its protective functions, and the local mechanisms for limiting inflammation work well and turn on quickly enough.
If the disease is noticed at the stage of the first element, treatment and prevention of spread should be started, streptoderma on the face of a child may end there. But most often they don’t pay much attention to such a sore, they wait until it “passes by itself”, or they are afraid to touch it.
The child combs the itchy element, washes, rubs his face, leaves the contents of the bubble on the pillow, toys and towel, and the pathogen begins to spread over the skin with the appearance of new elements that can be located separately or merge with each other.
With not very thorough treatment and hygiene, the disease lasts 3-4 weeks, sometimes longer, complications may develop.
This is a more severe form of the disease and requires more intensive care.
- This type of streptoderma most often occurs on the skin of the hands, feet and legs, sometimes on other parts of the body.
- Bubbles (bulls) large sizes than conflicts, less intense, the inflammatory process is more pronounced.
- There may be a violation of well-being, an increase in body temperature, inflammation of the surrounding lymph nodes, changes in the analyzes.
- The blisters are filled with serous-purulent fluid, increase rather slowly, after the bullae burst, open erosion remains in their place.
Erythematosquamous streptoderma
- Dry streptoderma, most often develops on the face, less often on the trunk.
- With it, weeping elements are not formed, only pink or reddish spots, covered with exfoliating whitish scales.
- Despite the fact that the disease does not tend to spread rapidly and causes less discomfort compared to other forms, it is contagious, and therefore requires no less intensive treatment and isolation of the child from the team.
Tourniol (superficial panaritium)
Severe form, characterized by damage to the deep layers of the skin with decay and the formation of ulcers.
Diagnosis of streptoderma
Diagnosis is made by an experienced pediatric dermatologist or pediatrician characteristic look elements usually immediately. in doubtful and severe cases do cultures of the elements separated from the microflora, usually immediately with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics, to start effective therapy as soon as possible.
In severe cases, be sure to take general analysis blood, which can be found increase in ESR, the number of leukocytes and a change in their formula towards neutrophilia. Sometimes the doctor may prescribe additional studies to identify or exclude concomitant diseases:
- General and biochemical analysis blood
- General urine analysis
- Feces on worm eggs
- IN rare cases- Wasserman's reaction (see) and a blood test for
Treatment of streptoderma in children
Any form of streptoderma, even local, requires mandatory treatment, as it tends to spread, is contagious, and, in addition, streptococcus can provoke such serious autoimmune diseases like rheumatism, glomerulonephritis or endocarditis.
hygiene rules
Sometimes parents neglect the doctor's recommendations regarding hygiene and handling household items, believing that the main thing is to anoint three times a day, the rest is unimportant. In some cases, this is enough, in some, they are very surprised when it turns out that a child cannot recover from a seemingly small sore for several weeks, new rashes appear, and other family members become infected. Compliance with hygiene recommendations - at least an important part treatment than an ointment for streptoderma or an antibiotic.
Mandatory hygiene moments in the treatment of streptoderma in children:
- do not wash, at least 3-4 days, do not moisten the affected areas with water, as it is an excellent carrier of infection in this case;
- gently wipe the unaffected areas of the skin with a damp towel or a cotton swab soaked in water or a decoction of a string / chamomile;
- make sure that the child does not comb the affected areas; in addition to purely mechanical restrictions, antihistamines, which the doctor prescribes, also help to reduce;
- the child should have an individual towel hanging separately from the towels of other family members;
- individual dishes and cutlery, which must be carefully processed after a sick child has used them;
- Stuffed Toys for the period of the disease it is better to remove, and plastic ones - to be washed regularly;
- constantly change or iron the child's bedding with a hot iron, especially pillowcases;
- in the presence of minor skin lesions - regularly treat them with an antiseptic.
Local treatment
In some sources on the Internet, recommendations for the treatment of streptoderma in children are still copied from old sources, and there are tips to lubricate with silver nitrate or mercury ointment. The first drug has been discontinued, more precisely, it is produced only for animals or as a chemical reagent, the second has long been banned as highly toxic. Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) is available by prescription.
Modern antiseptics and antibiotic ointments are much more effective, easier to use and safer. Local treatment includes opening conflicts in compliance with aseptic rules and subsequent treatment of the affected skin with liquid antiseptic and ointment.
Antiseptics
- hydrogen peroxide 1%
- brilliant green, 2% aqueous solution (brilliant green)
- fucorcin or boric acid
- salicylic alcohol 2%
They are applied to the affected areas of the skin with the capture of some area around with a cotton swab or swab 2-4 times a day, at the beginning of the treatment, the child will feel a burning sensation and pain for a short time. After drying liquid antiseptic ointment can be applied to the skin.
From folk remedies, long adopted official medicine your doctor may recommend decoctions of chamomile, string, or oak bark, which are well-known antiseptics. Use them as lotions, for rinsing healthy skin, compresses and dressings on the affected areas, but not as the main treatment, because. with this pathology, antibiotics are indispensable.
Antibiotics in the treatment of streptoderma
Antibiotics for streptoderma in children are used in the form of local forms and orally (systemically) according to strict indications. No one will start systemic antibiotic treatment for a solitary rash on the face or hands that responds well to topical therapy. At the same time, abandon this method with common forms, especially with the addition common symptoms, and even more so in severe cases - at least unreasonable.
A special group of drugs are ointments with hormones, which are prescribed in certain cases for short term. At long-term use they cause a decrease protective properties skin and increase its vulnerability to any infection, therefore, with streptoderma, they are prescribed only in a short course, according to strict indications and with certain symptoms.
| Ointments with antibiotics local treatment) | Antibiotic and hormone ointments (only in extreme cases doctor's prescription) |
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It is possible to carry out such an inexpensive local treatment for mild forms of streptoderma. Required: zinc ointment(30 rubles), levomycetin tablets (20 rubles), levomycetin alcohol (20 rubles). First, the affected area and the surrounding tissue are treated with chloramphenicol, the wound is treated with fucorcin or brilliant green, then allowed to dry. Next, make a mixture of zinc paste / ointment with chloramphenicol tablets crushed into powder, mix thoroughly. And lubricate the wound with this composition in the morning and evening.
Systemic treatment of streptoderma with antibiotics
Antibiotics are most commonly used for this purpose. penicillin series. Other groups of antibiotics, macrolides or cephalosporins, are involved if the child has recently received penicillins for some other reason, with allergic reactions on them or in the absence of sensitivity to these drugs, detected by microbiological examination.
Similarities and differences of streptoderma from other diseases
There are many skin diseases that at one stage or another can be similar to streptoderma (dermatosis herpetiformis, which has nothing to do with herpes, juvenile pemphigoid, skin tuberculosis, exudative erythema multiforme, etc.), and the diagnosis can be difficult even for an experienced dermatologist, so it is better to leave this question, as well as the appointment of additional tests, to the doctor.
pyoderma
Strictly speaking, streptoderma is just one of the varieties of pyoderma. Any skin purulent-inflammatory disease is called pyoderma. But, since streptococcus, due to its specific properties, forms transparent, rather than cloudy pus, and a special kind of vesicles (more like viral than bacterial), streptoderma stands somewhat apart from other types of pyoderma, which are usually similar to each other regardless of the pathogen .
Mixed streptococcal-staphylococcal (vulgar) impetigo. The onset of the disease is absolutely identical, with the addition staph infection the content of the blisters becomes cloudy, acquires a yellowish color. The treatment is almost the same. In both cases, the exact selection effective antibiotic possible only after microbiological research and antibiotic ointment is prescribed until results are obtained. a wide range actions, including usually both streptococci and staphylococci.
Herpes
Streptococcal congestion differs from herpes by the rapid opening of conflicts with the formation of cracks in the corners of the mouth, while with herpes, vesicles with transparent contents remain much longer, and after their opening, cracks, as a rule, do not occur (see).
Skin form streptoderma usually develops around an initially existing damage to the skin, herpes - on unchanged skin. Older children and adults may notice that the characteristic itching at the site of future rashes appears long before they appear, while with streptoderma, only already formed elements of the rash will itch.
Candidiasis of the corners of the mouth
At the same time, the cracks are deeper, and on the mucosa there are changes characteristic of thrush (white dotted rashes, similar to semolina).
Chicken pox
Since the rash chicken pox begins on the face and head, at first it can be mistaken for the debut of streptoderma, but with the rapid spread of elements throughout the body and after the temperature rises, as a rule, there is no doubt about the diagnosis of chickenpox (see).
allergic rash
There is an atypical allergic rash in the form of transparent vesicles, which is difficult to distinguish from the elements of streptoderma at the beginning, until the vesicles have formed. allergic rash when pressed, it turns pale, in contrast to the rash with streptoderma (see).
syphilitic rash
In addition to the classic rash with syphilis, there are many atypical types of it. For example, erosive syphilitic papules of the corners of the mouth. Unlike elements of streptoderma, they are surrounded by a more pronounced halo of inflammation, which extends far to the mucous membranes. Therefore, do not be surprised if your doctor prescribes such a serological test as the Wasserman reaction. How can a child have syphilis? In close contact with the patient, syphilis is transmitted by household means through common household items - dishes, towels, personal hygiene items, linen - if the patient has open syphilitic ulcers (see.
Prevention
Since streptoderma is contagious, it requires the isolation of a sick child from the team, and quarantine for 10 days is imposed on peers who have been in contact with him. During this time, symptoms of streptoderma may appear in other children. Most often, outbreaks occur in kindergartens, as young children do not follow the rules of hygiene, love soft toys and have very close contact with each other during play.
When treating streptoderma at home, careful prevention of the spread of infection is required. Compliance with hygiene is important both for the sick person himself, in order to avoid introducing the pathogen to healthy areas of the skin and re-infection, and for his family members in order to exclude their disease. This is no less important than drug therapy and local treatment.
Prevention of the disease in general, without contact with the sick person, comes down to careful observance of the rules of personal hygiene, hardening (air, sunbathing) and full balanced nutrition rich in vitamins.
Streptoderma, or streptococcal pyoderma is called infection skin, provoked by the introduction of pathogenic pathogens into them - streptococci. Streptoderma is a collective term for skin diseases caused by these microorganisms. More about the causes, symptoms, treatment of streptoderma in children
Causes
Decreased immunity child's body, neglect of personal hygiene standards is one of the main reasons for the activation of streptococcus. Against such a background, quite small skin lesions in the form of cracks, scratches, scuffs, scratches, so that the spread of infection begins.
Most often, streptoderma affects children who are in organized groups - the infection is transmitted by contact of an infected child with a healthy one through dishes, toys, clothes, kisses. It is also possible to infect the skin through dust containing pathogenic microorganisms, insects that carry pathogens on their paws, as well as against the background of other diseases (tonsillitis, scarlet fever, etc.).
Symptoms
The development of streptoderma in children occurs a week after infection.
Upon completion incubation period the following manifestations are observed:
- Conflicts - small watery vesicles surrounded by a halo of inflamed skin
- Whitish or reddish oval scaly spots
- Skin itching, burning on damaged areas
- Feeling worse
Localized foci of infection on the face, limbs, back, lower body.
How to treat streptoderma in a child
If any dermatological problems arise in a child, it is necessary to contact a specialist, only a doctor can correctly tell how and how to treat streptoderma in children, quickly. Since the symptoms of streptoderma are not typical, there is a risk of missing a serious pathology.
The need for medical measures is determined by the following factors:
- The disease is contagious (contagious) and contributes to the emergence of epidemic outbreaks.
- Without timely treatment, the disease can become chronic , and the risk of bacterial eczema is high.
- Against the background of advanced streptoderma with weakened immunity, streptococcus is capable of damage the joints cardiovascular system cause kidney failure.
The course of the disease determines the methods of treatment of streptoderma in children. With single, small in size, foci of inflammation, they are limited to local therapy. If the affected area is extensive and there is a risk of complications, systemic treatment is carried out.
Ointments for the treatment of streptoderma in children
External procedures in the treatment of streptoderma in a child are opening of conflict bubbles with their subsequent processing. This accelerates the drying of ulcers and stops inflammation.
These manipulations must be carried out in compliance with all asepsis rules. After puncture, the blisters are disinfected alcohol solutions, hydrogen peroxide and apply ointments with antibacterial components to the inflamed skin. Due to the viscous consistency, such drugs can better than others penetrate into the deep layer of the epidermis and destroy the pathogenic microflora.
More about ointments used for streptoderma
For the speedy healing of crusts, apply erythromycin or ethacridine-boron-naphthalanic ointments. It is also necessary to treat the skin around the source of infection with disinfectants, and unaffected areas - decoction of chamomile or oak bark.
The main methods and preparations of external treatment:
On sore spot make wet-drying dressings soaked in aqueous solutions resorcinol 1-2% or silver nitrate 0.25%, two to three times a day. Treat ulcers with antiseptic and drying agents, for example, a solution brilliant green.
Antibacterial ointments are widely used to treat streptoderma in children. They are applied to the area of inflammation. Children are prescribed synthomycin or gentamicin ointments. Before going to bed, a bandage with the drug is made, and in the morning, after removing it, the infected area is treated with any antiseptic (brilliant green, fucorcin, salicylic alcohol, etc.).
Hormonal drugs (triderdom, celestoderm) without a special doctor's prescription, it is impossible to use for the treatment of childhood streptoderma. With excellent therapeutic effect they have many contraindications and side effects.
Preparations for the treatment of streptoderma in children
Systemic treatment is required in the severe course of the disease: the appearance of multiple, rapidly spreading foci of infection throughout the body, fever, swollen lymph nodes.
For the treatment of streptoderma in children, admission is required penicillin antibiotics(amoxiclav, amoxicillin, flemoxin solutab, augmentin).
Drugs of other groups are used in cases where children are allergic to penicillin, or they have recently taken drugs based on it.
With a long, slowly current process of the disease, they are prescribed vitamins A, C, P, group B, and also carry out immunostimulating treatment (autohemotherapy and pyrogenal courses).
As an additional method, physiotherapy procedures(courses of ultraviolet irradiation). Sometimes, to eliminate the source of infection, UVI (purification) of the blood is performed.
How to treat streptoderma in children at home folk remedies
Treatment of lichen simplex (dry streptoderma) in children
Dry streptoderma, popularly called simple lichen, is characterized by the appearance on the face of white or reddish oval spots covered with thin transparent scales (scabs). The size of the focus of infection can reach 5 cm.
Effective treatment of streptoderma in children consists in prescribing: ointments and gels and a course of vitamin therapy. Systemic antibiotics for dry streptoderma are rarely prescribed for children. As a rule, bactericidal components are part of ointments. For example, in the composition Baneocin there are two antibiotics. The effective formula of the drug successfully copes with simple lichen. Zinc, synthomycin ointment, Piolizin have a similar effect.
Treatment of streptoderma in children on the face
Features of the treatment of infection are due to the proximity of the mucous membranes, so you need to consult a doctor so that he decides how to treat streptoderma in a child on the face. That is why here it is necessary to use drugs that would not cause irritation and would not have negative impact upon ingestion. Point foci of infection on the face, especially near the eyes, in the corners of the lips can be treated lapis pencil (active ingredient- silver nitrate). With this form of release, the drug does not spread over the surface of the skin, the risk of contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes is small.
Streptoderma on the eyes, eyelids children are treated with eye antibacterial ointments (tetracycline or floxalom). Before using the drugs, an ophthalmologist's consultation is necessary.
How to treat streptoderma in a child on the head? On scalp crusts soften first salicylic vaseline, scrape off, then apply applications based on antiseptic solutions and decoctions, bactericidal and wound healing ointments.
In the treatment of streptoderma in children in the nose make turundas, soak them with ointments and insert them into the passages. External sores should be treated with solutions potassium permanganate(potassium permanganate), chlorhexidine, miramistina, hydrogen peroxide, cauterize with brilliant green and etc.).
WITH cracks in the corners of the mouth- Jamming must be fought with dental antiseptics used for mouthwash. Treatment of streptoderma in the mouth in children consists in prescribing lotions from Stomatidina, gel application Metrogyl denta, which are capable of destroying most pathogenic microbes. Wound healing D-panthenol, Bepanthen are used to quickly tighten cracks.
How long will it take to treat streptoderma in children? The duration of treatment depends on individual characteristics organism, but as a rule, streptoderma is cured in 7-10 days.
The success of getting rid of the infection depends on following simple recommendations:
- It is forbidden to wet damaged areas with water, as streptococcal microorganisms do not multiply on dry skin.
- Do not scratch itchy areas. Itching is reduced by taking anti-allergy drugs (Telfast, Claritin) and lubricating sores with iodine solution.
- The child should use individual things: dishes, towels, cutlery.
- Must be thoroughly disinfected regularly bed sheets, personal items, dishes, toys.
People of any age get sick with it, but in adults, the nature and localization of skin lesions in this disease has its own characteristics, which is reflected both in the course of the pathology and in the principles of its treatment.
Causes of streptoderma in adults
The culprit in the development of streptoderma is beta-hemolytic streptococcus. However, its contact with the skin does not mean that the disease will occur. The skin of a healthy person is well protected from the penetration of pathogenic agents. Therefore, streptococcus can live on the body for some time without causing any harm to its "owner". Streptoderma develops only when the skin ceases to perform its barrier functions.
The following factors can provoke a deterioration in the protective properties of the skin in an adult:
Options for the course of streptoderma
Streptodermia are superficial and deep - affecting the lower layers of the skin. Superficial forms of the disease:
- streptococcal (specific pustular lesion of open areas of the body);
- (inflammation in the corners of the mouth);
- dry streptoderma (the second name of the pathology is simple lichen of the face);
- panaritium (inflammation of the tissues around the nail).
Deep streptoderma include:
- ecthyma vulgaris (the spread of inflammation to the deep layers of the skin with the formation of ulcers that leave behind);
- (inflammation of subcutaneous fat);
- chronic pyoderma (protracted inflammatory process, manifested ulcerative lesion skin cover).
In most cases, patients are diagnosed with superficial forms of streptoderma.. Deep streptococcal inflammation of the skin is typical for people who have serious problems with health and extremely weakened immunity. In addition, the cause of chronic pyoderma can be improper treatment of ordinary impetigo and non-compliance hygiene rules(spread of infection from one part of the body to another through towels and dirty hands), combing the rash.
How does streptoderma begin in adults
From infection to the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease usually takes 7-10 days. However, in adults it is not always possible to associate the manifestation of streptoderma with contact with a sick person, since, as mentioned above, streptococcus can live on the skin unnoticed by the “owner” for some time and wait for the “right moment” to attack.
Streptoderma in adults usually begins suddenly with local reddening of the skin and a blistering rash on it, accompanied by severe itching. Bubbles on the skin burst very quickly and erosions form in their place, which instantly dry out and become covered with honey crusts. If the patient combs these elements, they begin to "spread" to neighboring and even distant areas of the skin.
Localization of rashes in adults may be different.: nasolabial triangle, folds under the breast, armpits, neck, back, hands, shins, feet. If several parts of the body are affected by streptoderma at once, the patient may have a fever and severe intoxication.
Streptoderma in adults: symptoms of various forms
Chronic streptococcal pyoderma characterized occasional appearance on the skin of large inflammatory foci (up to 5-10 cm in diameter). At first, they look like a blistering rash, but over time they turn into sores. After the inflammation subsides, flaky whitish spots remain on the skin. Most often, a similar picture appears on the shins of people suffering from varicose veins.
Treatment of streptoderma in adults
Mild forms of streptoderma in adults are treated only locally:
- Treat wounds and healthy skin around loose elements with water or alcohol antiseptic solutions. For example, boric alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, chlorhexidine, resorcinol.
Healthy skin can be safely wiped with alcohol-containing products, but it is advisable to lubricate the inflamed areas with aqueous solutions.
- Impose on the affected areas compresses with ointments, suspensions that have antibacterial, drying and anti-inflammatory effects. Resorcinol paste, zinc ointment, zinc talkers, streptocid ointment, Levomekol, Baktroban and other means are effective for streptoderma.
- Assign short courses of lubrication of the periphery of the inflamed focus hormonal ointments and creams. If the rashes are localized on the face, this group of funds cannot be used.
A good addition to local drug therapy are folk remedies - decoctions from medicinal plants for the treatment of inflamed skin. Such solutions are prepared on the basis of a series.
In some cases, streptoderma in adults is treated with antibiotics. Indications for such therapy are:
- Streptococcal ecthyma.
- Widespread streptococcal skin lesions.
- High risk of complications.
- immunodeficiency state.
- Fever and.
The drugs of choice for streptoderma are usually semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. They are prescribed both in the form of tablets and in the form of injections. In addition, antihistamines are used to reduce itching and allergic mood of the body. It is necessary to take them in short courses in medium therapeutic doses.
An obligatory component of the treatment of streptococcal skin lesions is a tonic and. Patients are prescribed vitamin preparations, herbal immunostimulants. In some cases, one has to resort to synthetic immunocorrective drugs.
Diet is also of great importance in reducing the manifestations of the disease. The patient's food should be light, fortified with a restriction of sugar and sweets, spicy and fatty foods. In addition, we must not forget about body care. Until the rash disappears, it is not advisable to wet the affected areas of the skin, especially to wash with a washcloth and take baths.
And finally, if it was possible to determine the factors that contributed to the development of streptoderma, it is necessary to try to eliminate them. If correction of glucose concentration is required, if
Streptoderma is a disease that develops in connection with the entry into the surface layers of the epidermis of a streptococcal infection. On the skin of the patient, purulent elements of a rounded shape are formed. Children are most susceptible to the disease due to imperfection protective functions skin.
Description of streptoderma in children
Streptoderma is characterized by high contagiousness (the infection can be easily contracted). Therefore, children attending schools and preschool institutions are most predisposed to the disease. If one sick child appears in the team, then soon other children begin to complain of similar symptoms. Pathology is manifested by the formation of purulent elements on the skin with a flaky surface. Another name for the disease is streptococcal pyoderma.
Streptococci belong to the group of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. They can live on the skin of a small patient for a long time, without making themselves felt. The disease develops on its own after an injury to the epidermis. Through a cut or scratch, the pathogenic microflora penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin and multiplies rapidly there. Pathogens that get from a sick child to a healthy one are more aggressive, as they multiply in favorable conditions for them. This explains the high degree of contagiousness of the disease.
Inflammation can occur in acute or chronic form. In the latter case, the disease is characterized by periods of remissions and exacerbations. Chronic streptoderma in children develops with improper treatment sharp form. According to the depth of the lesion of the skin, there are:
- superficial streptoderma;
- ulcerative (deep) streptoderma;
- dry streptoderma.
The disease can develop:
- on the head ( hairy part, behind the ears, on the face);
- in the mouth;
- on foot;
- on the buttocks;
- on hands;
- on the back;
- on your knees, etc.
As a rule, inflammation begins in one part of the body, then unpleasant manifestations are noted in other places.
Reasons for the development of the disease
Pathogenic microflora can get on the skin of a child in several ways:
- by direct contact with the carrier of the infection;
- through common household items (toys, dishes, hygiene products);
- by airborne droplets (staphylococcus can get on the skin of a child when sneezing and coughing an infection carrier).
The incubation period lasts up to 10 days. Factors predisposing to the development of the disease include the following:
- violations of the integrity of the skin of the child (cuts, abrasions, scratches);
- reduced immunity;
- lack of vitamins (lack of good nutrition);
- chronic dermatological diseases;
- endocrine diseases (in particular, diabetes mellitus).
External factors can also contribute to the development of the disease. So, for example, too frequent bathing lead to the fact that the protective film of the skin is washed off. Local immunity is also reduced with sunburn or frostbite.
Even if the disease is diagnosed in several children in one team, inflammation occurs in individual patients in different ways. In one child, streptoderma passes in a few days, and in another long time new foci of infection appear.
Children who are often diagnosed with acute respiratory infections and have a weakened immune system are more likely to experience relapses of streptoderma. Often there is a risk of transition pathology into a chronic form.
Forms and symptoms of the disease
The initial stage of the disease is characterized by the formation of redness in the area of inflammation. Further symptoms depend primarily on the clinical form of streptoderma, as well as on the state of immunity of a small patient.
Streptococcal impetigo
The disease in this form develops most often and belongs to the superficial form. Small areas of inflammation of a rounded shape appear on the patient's skin. Impetigo develops if the body's defenses still cope with their functions and streptococcus cannot multiply rapidly.
Initially, redness appears in the area of \u200b\u200binflammation, then a bubble filled with liquid forms. Then it opens and dries in the form of a crust. The process of bubble maturation is 5-7 days. The child is tormented by itching, so there is a risk of re-infection. With adequate therapy, streptococcal impetigo resolves in 7-14 days.
Superficial panaritium is a type of streptococcal impetigo. The pathogen enters the skin around the nail folds.
The varieties of streptococcal impetigo also include bullous and slit-like.
bullous impetigo
The disease in this form is more severe, belongs to the category of ulcerative streptoderma. Large blisters (up to 0.5 cm in diameter) form on the affected area. The inflammatory process is pronounced, symptoms of general intoxication of the body may be present. After opening the blisters, purulent contents come out of them, erosion is formed.
slit-like impetigo
Streptoderma develops most often in the corners of the mouth. In the people, the disease was called "jam". Less commonly, inflammation manifests itself in the corners of the eyes, at the wings of the nose.
The disease in this form passes quickly enough and requires minimal treatment.
Erythematosquamous streptoderma
This is dry streptoderma, which most often develops on the face. Moist elements are not formed. On the affected areas, only pink scaly spots appear. The disease in this form does not bring much discomfort to the patient, but is contagious. Therefore, isolation of the sick child is required.
Streptococcal diaper rash
Pathological processes occur in the folds of the body and behind the ear areas. The disease often develops against the background of banal diaper rash in children of the first year of life. In this case, outwardly healthy adults act as carriers of streptococcus. Painful cracks may form in the area of inflammation. Due to constant movement, the healing process of the affected area may be delayed.
Streptococcal ecthyma
A severe form of the disease, characterized by damage to the deep layers of the epidermis and the formation of ulcers. Most often, foci of inflammation are located on the buttocks or lower extremities. Pathology in this form often develops in children suffering from chronic diseases with reduced immunity.
With streptoderma in any form, symptoms of general intoxication of the body can develop:
- headache;
- an increase in body temperature to subfebrile indicators (37–37.5 degrees);
- drowsiness;
- pain in joints and muscles.
Video: symptoms of streptoderma in children
Diagnostics
A pediatric dermatologist is engaged in the treatment of streptoderma in babies. An experienced physician will be able to make a diagnosis based on clinical manifestations pathology. It is possible to confirm the streptococcal origin of the disease thanks to the following methods:
- Bacterial culture of discharge. The study allows you to determine which pathogenic microflora caused inflammation.
- General blood analysis. An increase in the number of leukocytes may indicate the development inflammatory process.
- General urine analysis. The technique allows you to determine whether the child has chronic pathologies.
In some cases, the affected area is examined under a Wood's lamp. This UV lamp with special filters. The glow of healthy and diseased skin is significantly different.
Streptoderma should be differentiated from chickenpox, skin candidiasis, pemphigus of newborns, eczema. In case of a recurrent course of the disease, a consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist, allergist, and immunologist will be additionally scheduled.
Treatment of streptoderma
If you start adequate therapy on early stage inflammatory process, the disease can be cured quickly enough (in 7-14 days). The problem is that many parents, noticing a pink scaly spot on the body of a child, are in no hurry to apply for medical care. A small patient scratches the inflamed area, the infection gets to other parts of the body, the disease worsens.
Treatment methods for children younger age(including infants) and schoolchildren are practically the same. Taking into account age, only dosages and forms of release of drugs are selected; for babies under 3 years old, drugs in the form of tablets are not prescribed.
Medical therapy
If unpleasant symptoms are detected, healthy skin around the affected area should be treated with boric or salicylic alcohol, and then go to an appointment with a pediatric dermatologist. The specialist will prescribe drugs from the following groups:
- Antibacterial agents for external use. These medicines are used for non-extensive skin lesions. Creams Levomekol, Physiderm can be applied under the bandage. Good results are also shown by Tetracycline, Zinc, Synthomycin, Erythromycin ointments, Baneocin, Fukortsin, Gioksizon.
- Antiseptics from the category of aniline dyes. After opening the blisters with a sterile needle and releasing the liquid contents, the affected area is treated with methylene blue or brilliant green.
- Antiseptics for the treatment of the wound surface. Hydrogen peroxide or Miramistin can be used.
- Antibiotics for systemic use. These medicines are used in the most difficult cases, when topical therapy does not positive result. Amoxiclav, Sumamed, Tetracycline drugs may be prescribed.
- Antihistamines. Medicines from this category are prescribed to relieve itching. In pediatrics, Claritin, Suprastin, Erius can be used.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Preparations from this group improve the well-being of a sick child, normalize body temperature. Medicines Nurofen, Panadol can be used.
Medications for streptoderma - photo gallery
Sumamed - an antibiotic for systemic use 
Boric alcohol prevents the spread of infection 
Claritin relieves itching 
Levomekol - effective antibacterial ointment 
Zelenka dries inflamed areas 
Nurofen normalizes body temperature
Physiotherapy procedures
After removal of the infiltrate (fluid from the blisters), the child may be prescribed physiotherapy procedures:
- Laser therapy has a vasoconstrictive and immunostimulating effect. Affected areas recover faster.
- Treatment is carried out with an electric field (UHF) with an ultra-high frequency. The procedure accelerates the processes of tissue regeneration.
- Due to ultraviolet exposure (UVI), ulcers heal faster, pathogenic microflora dies.
Any physiotherapy procedures can be carried out only with normal temperature child's body.
Treatment of streptoderma folk methods
The number of foci of infection can grow rapidly. Therefore, you should not start therapy at home with the help of traditional medicine recipes. Treatment must be prescribed by a doctor. Many traditional medicine recipes show high efficiency when used in conjunction with classical medicines. The possibility of using this or that remedy should be discussed with the doctor.
Decoction of a series
Pour a tablespoon of dry crushed plants with a glass of water and put on water bath for 40 minutes. Then the product must be filtered and cooled. A decoction is used to treat the affected areas. The series has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action, accelerates the regeneration processes.
walnut leaves
Pour two teaspoons of chopped walnut leaves with a glass of boiling water, cover and let it brew until it cools completely. The medicine is taken orally in a teaspoon 4 times a day. This recipe is perfect for kids. school age.
Healing ointment
The tool is made up of two parts:
- Crush fresh eucalyptus leaves in a glass bowl and stir with vegetable oil in a ratio of 1:1. The composition must be infused for 72 hours.
- Dry oak bark must be ground in a coffee grinder and mixed with boiling water in a ratio of 1: 1.
The two compositions obtained are mixed in equal proportions. The ointment is used to treat the affected areas once a day.
Decoction of elderberry bark
Pour a tablespoon of crushed elderberry bark with a glass of milk, place on a slow fire and cook for 10-15 minutes. Then the broth should be wrapped in a blanket and insisted for a few more hours. Strain the medicine and apply for compresses.
Sage decoction
Half a glass of the crushed plant must be poured with 500 ml of water and simmered for at least 10 minutes. Then strain the remedy and take orally a teaspoon three times a day. The remaining herbal cake can be used for medicinal lotions.
Plants used in folk medicine in the treatment of streptoderma - photo gallery
Treatment will not bring the expected effect if parents do not follow a number of simple rules:
Treatment prognosis
With timely started adequate treatment, the symptoms of the disease disappear within a week. If the therapy is carried out incorrectly or the child's immunity is severely weakened, the following complications are possible:
- phlegmon and boils;
- microbial eczema;
- rheumatism;
- guttate psoriasis;
- myocarditis;
- chronic form of streptoderma.
After a deep form of the disease, cosmetic defects may remain on the child's body. In addition, the transferred disease is often evidenced by greenery, which is rather difficult to wash off. Get rid of the dye will help the usual lemon juice. Soak a cotton pad in the product and treat the area with brilliant green, then rinse warm water. However, keep in mind that lemon can cause allergies. It is not recommended to remove greenery in this way for children under 7 years old.
A child can start taking baths after the crusts on the affected area peel off and disappear. unpleasant symptoms streptoderma (itching and pain).
Prevention
Streptoderma is easily transmitted by close contact, as well as by airborne droplets. Therefore, in order to avoid the spread of infection, a sick child should be temporarily isolated. Adults who care for a small patient can also become infected, so it is important to maintain good hygiene, carry out antiseptic treatment hands
General preventive measures include:
- timely treatment of microtraumas (cuts, scratches);
- fight against dermatoses;
- observance of hygiene of the child;
- stimulation of immunity (regular walks on fresh air, nutritious food).
Video: Dr. Komarovsky about streptococcal infection
Depends on skin health general well-being and human mood. From this article, you will learn what streptoderma is, what are the symptoms and methods of treating this disease, how to recognize signs of pathology in order to provide first aid in time, and what are the causes of this disease. You will learn all about streptoderma and the basic methods of dealing with it.
What is streptoderma
Streptoderma is a purulent-inflammatory disease of the skin, or in other words, the epidermis. The main cause of the appearance of pathology include infection with streptococci. To start the process, two factors are enough:
- the presence of an infection;
- local lesion of the skin.
In another way, this streptoderma is called streptococcal pyoderma. The disease is caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcus.
Although this is a skin disease, the pathogen can harm other organs and systems. Streptoderma is possible in both men and women. However, most often such problems appear in newborns and school age. It is in such groups that close tactile contacts are possible, which contributes to the rapid spread of infection.
In adults, mass outbreaks of streptoderma are also possible in closed groups. These may be military units, prisons or hospitals.
With this disease, sores appear on the body, under the nose, in the mouth, on the lips, chin, on the arms and legs, on the fingers, back, and even on the genitals. What streptoderma looks like can be seen in the photo.
It is quite possible to cure streptoderma completely. The main thing is to do it in a timely manner in order to prevent the development of complications.
Causes of the disease
The main cause of streptoderma is infection with streptococcus. However, not always, when this infection is in the body, skin problems develop. Streptococcus in the nose, anywhere on the face or on the head in the hair can provoke the appearance purulent formations only under the condition of a decrease in immune protection and microtrauma on the skin surface.
Streptoderma is contagious. And this is due to the characteristics of the pathogen - streptococcus. It has amazing vitality:
- survives in a dry environment;
- at 60 degrees dies in half an hour;
- in boiling water dies after 15 minutes;
- oxygen is not needed to survive.
Some do well with infection. disinfectants as well as freezing.
The body can be infected with streptococci, but if the skin is intact, the infection will not penetrate. The disease can develop against the background of such factors:
- insect bites;
- injections;
- diaper rash;
- abrasions;
- scratches;
- burns.
Important! During piercing and tattooing, there is also a high risk of introducing streptococcus, which will lead to the development of streptoderma.
Secondary streptoderma is spoken of in cases where a person's skin has already been infected, and a streptococcal infection has just joined, aggravating the condition. This phenomenon occurs against the background of scabies.
Ways of transmission of infection and risk groups
Both the child and the adult must understand how the infection can be introduced into the body and take precautions. There are three routes of entry of the pathogen:
- contact-household, that is, through common household items;
- airborne, for example, during a conversation or kiss with an infected person;
- air-dust, means, through dust particles with streptococcus.
Note! A person can infect the wound by himself if he is already infected with streptococcus.
There is a greater risk of getting sick in the following situations:
The likelihood of streptoderma on the face and other parts of the body can be reduced if you monitor your lifestyle, nutrition and immunity.
Classification
There are several varieties of streptoderma:
- superficial;
- deep.
With a superficial form of streptoderma, the resulting ulcers are located only at the level of the upper layers of the skin. In another way, the condition is called impetigo. With a deep form of the disease, the focus of inflammation is located deep in the skin, at the level of the dermis and beyond.
The classification divides the pathology into the following forms:
Although most often such sores appear on the face, system form the disease can spread through the skin to different areas. Intertriginous streptoderma occurs in places where the skin is subjected to periodic friction and sweating. Even if the wound has healed, the disease can recur even in the same place.
Symptoms
To distinguish herpes from streptoderma, you need to clearly know the symptoms of this disease.
The first signs of the disease are as follows:
- the appearance of scaly areas with reddened skin;
- swollen lymph nodes;
- bubble formation with clear liquid, ranging in size from 1 mm - 2 cm in diameter;
- pain and burning near the affected area;
- local rise in temperature.
At this stage, few people think that he has streptoderma. A doctor can diagnose the pathology. In addition to the signs of a problem in skin, the following may occur:
- general increase in temperature;
- weakness and lethargy;
- nausea;
- pain in the joints;
- muscle aches;
- headache.
To determine streptoderma, you may need to take tests. Knowing the symptoms of each form of pathology will help to accurately establish the diagnosis.
Features of streptococcal impetigo
The picture of the development of the disease is as follows:
- redness;
- the formation of a small bubble;
- its rapid growth;
- bubble rupture;
- sore.
As it dries, a yellowish crust forms. The disease cycle is completed.
Features of the bullous type of streptoderma
The rash spreads to the hands, feet and legs. Bubbles grow slowly, and purulent contents accumulate inside.
After the rupture of the bubble, erosion remains, which may not heal for a long time.
Turnioli Features
The affected area is around nail plate. At first, the skin turns red, itches, and then swells. Bubbles form with dense skin on top. Pus accumulates inside.
Features of intertriginous streptoderma
This type of streptococcal skin infection occurs in the armpits and in places where there are skin folds, such as the groin.
Blisters form on the skin, which coalesce together to form larger lesions. After healing, the tissue remains bright pink.
Features of ecthyma
With the defeat of the deep layers, bubbles and ulcers are formed, covered with a dense crust. Scars after falling off of crusts remain quite often.
Knowing how streptoderma begins, you can stop the pathology on initial stage. Then treatment at home will not take much time and there will be no exacerbations.
Diagnostic measures
In order to prescribe the right remedy and treat the patient correctly, a detailed diagnosis is very important. The attending physician determines which methods of examination to apply. As a rule, the patient is waiting for:
- visual inspection and collection of complaints;
- taking a scraping for bacteriological examination;
- general blood analysis;
- biochemistry.
To completely get rid of the disease, it is important not only to apply folk ways and respect general recommendations at skin diseases but also strictly follow the doctor's prescription.
General rules for streptoderma
To speed up the recovery process, the patient should consider the following:
- observe bed rest;
- limit external contacts to prevent the spread of infection;
- exclude close contacts with family members, since the disease is also dangerous for them;
- use only personal hygiene and household items;
- it is not advisable to wash with streptoderma, as this can provoke a further spread of the infection throughout the body;
- it is better to limit yourself to wiping healthy skin with a damp towel;
- change bedding every two days and treat it with a hot iron with steam;
- wear underwear and bed linen from natural fabrics.
Compliance with these rules will help the patient get rid of the disease faster and serve as a good prevention for the people around him from infection.
Medical treatment
Most often, only topical drugs are used to combat streptoderma. General treatment is required for complex forms and with the development of unpleasant consequences.
The doctor may prescribe:
- antiseptics;
- antibiotics;
- antimicrobial agents;
- anti-inflammatory drugs.
Treatment of affected areas with antiseptics contributes to the inhibition of the development of pathogenic microorganisms.
Important! During treatment, there may be pain and burning, however, this normal reaction for such drugs.
When treating the skin, it is important to apply the medicine not only to the formations themselves. It is important to touch a few more centimeters around this place. Formed blisters can be pierced with a sterile needle. Before this, the areas should also be disinfected.
The crusts are soaked and removed with salicylic acid or petroleum jelly. For the treatment of sores, any of the following talkers are suitable:
- blue 2%;
- brilliant green 2%;
- fucorcin;
- peroxide 1%;
- potassium permanganate.
You can apply all these products up to 4 times a day with cotton swab. Any other procedures are carried out no earlier than 20 minutes later.
Antibiotics for skin rashes caused by the activity of streptococci are necessary. These drugs can be used both topically and orally. For topical use, either a broad-spectrum antibiotic ointment or a powder is chosen, which is poured directly into the affected area.
Ointment for streptoderma may be as follows:
- "Levomikol";
- "Gentamicin";
- "Erythromycin";
- "Baneocin";
- "Streptocide".
Streptocid ointment or zinc paste with chloramphenicol must be applied in a thin layer, up to three times a day.
For general treatment The following antibiotics may be prescribed:
- "Clarithromycin";
- "Amoxicillin";
- "Flemoxin";
- "Augmentin".
With streptoderma antibacterial agents can only be prescribed by an experienced physician. In some cases, a special test may be carried out that will determine the activity of the drug in relation to a specific group of streptococci. Prescribing these medications on your own can be dangerous.
Treatment with folk remedies is possible only along with the main therapy. Most often, lotions with decoctions of chamomile flowers, oak bark, sage and string are used.
It is important to maintain your body every day with moderate physical activity, giving up bad habits, proper nutrition. At the first negative symptoms, you should consult a doctor. Following these principles, you do not have to look for a way to get rid of streptoderma.
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