A fever without signs of a cold is a serious cause for concern. Increased body temperature. The reasons for its occurrence

How to determine pregnancy early stages, sooner or later every woman thinks about it. Those who are planning offspring cannot wait to find out about conception early. Those who are afraid of pregnancy also want to be informed.

There are many signs of pregnancy and temperature is one of them. Rectal measurements are especially informative. Such testing is carried out daily and does not take much time.

A woman's hormonal background has a significant impact on body temperature. Under the influence of estrogen and progesterone, its fluctuations occur. Not everyone is potential future mom notices this imbalance. During fertilization, increased indicators often go unnoticed, and the woman begins to look for a more accurate symptom. After all, it does not increase in all expectant mothers. And its rise is usually insignificant - 37-37.3 degrees.

The beginning of a new life can be suspected as early as a week after ovulation. During this period, implantation of the embryo occurs. A woman may feel a tingling, “tickling” sensation in the uterus and see bloody issues from the genital tract (however, they may not exist). Such symptoms do not last long; they leave no trace after 2-3 days. Determining pregnancy by such symptoms is not always possible, since a woman may simply not pay attention to them.

Take a short walk in a couple of minutes and get the answer whether you are pregnant or not.

An increase in body temperature is not perceived as a sign of pregnancy. Many women associate this condition with a viral infection or cold. However, increased body temperature often indicates a new position. Unnoticed signs pregnancy before the delay is supplemented by secondary symptoms only after 4-5 weeks from last menstrual period. Using them, a woman can indirectly confirm her new position:

• nausea and morning vomiting;
• increased urge to defecate and increased flatulence;
• sensitivity of the mammary glands and sore nipples;
• headache;
• weakness and drowsiness;
• general malaise;
• emotional instability.

Fever at conception may be accompanied by a runny nose and general feeling unwell. In such a situation, a woman begins to intensively treat a cold, not suspecting that her body is pointing her to a new situation. If the first signs of pregnancy appear - temperature is one of them - you must stop using any medicines without a doctor's prescription.

Basal temperature (BT) during pregnancy

One can argue endlessly about what the temperature should be during pregnancy. First, you should understand that the measurement is carried out on different parts of the body. IN armpit indicators after conception may increase or decrease slightly during the day. Much depends on the patient’s lifestyle, her emotional state and heat exchange.

A rectal measurement will be more revealing. A basal temperature of 37, which lasts for several days before the expected menstruation and after a delay, may indicate that conception has taken place. The value increases due to the fault of progesterone, which increases after ovulation, and during implantation it acquires more large values. varies from 36.9 to 37.5 degrees. Such indicators are obtained by measurements taken immediately after waking up. The temperature after conception is marked on the graph for ease of self-diagnosis.

Measurements taken during the day are not indicative, since the thermometer mark in the rectum may rise to a value of 38 due to physical activity and emotional fluctuations.

Temperature as a sign of pregnancy

Fever bodies in pregnant women is natural state, if there are no additional symptoms of the disease. Changes in thermometer readings occur under the influence of hormonal levels. The day before ovulation, temperature levels decrease, which provokes the production of LH (luteinizing hormone). This is especially visible when taking daily measurements in the rectum. The day the egg leaves the ovary is also characterized by low values.

If a woman is looking for signs of pregnancy, temperature is the first thing to look for. A noticeable increase can be noticed after ovulation, but it does not yet indicate a new position. A day after conception, body temperature rises due to the active production of progesterone. Until implantation, fluctuations in the thermometer readings by tenths of degrees will be noticeable.

Immediately after the implantation of the fertilized egg, you can find that the thermometer level remains at 37. Severe hyperthermia is not observed. A woman may not even suspect she is pregnant until her period is missed, ignoring this sign. Additional symptoms may appear in the form of general malaise.

The expectant mother also suspects pregnancy if she has a cold that occurs after conception. During this period there is a decrease immune defense, which nature has provided for the successful attachment of the fertilized egg. During pregnancy, body temperature rises due to a viral infection or remains at 37 degrees. Additionally, a woman may experience chills, headache or muscle pain, weakness and drowsiness. It is believed that during pregnancy, body temperature does not always increase.

But bt remains consistently high throughout the first trimester. If the expectant mother notices a decrease in BBT (less than 36.8 degrees), then you should definitely consult a doctor. It is also necessary to notify the gynecologist if the readings in the armpit drop below 36 degrees.

Temperature at the beginning of pregnancy: what should cause concern

Experienced girls can tell by temperature that conception has taken place. Those who first began to monitor thermometer values ​​have questions. Women are interested in whether the reading on the thermometer always increases during pregnancy or not. An increase in thermometer values ​​is indeed an indirect indicator of the presence of a fetus in the uterus. The increase is caused by progesterone, without which the development of pregnancy is impossible. Therefore, it can be argued that the new condition often manifests itself as mild hyperthermia. But this doesn't always happen. Some expectant mothers in the early stages of pregnancy do not notice any noticeable changes in their condition.

Still, fluctuations in the thermometer that deviate from generally accepted norms are a cause for concern.

Increased

Values ​​greater than 37.5 degrees should alert a woman. In this case, you need to look for the cause of the increase in body temperature. Often such a rise is caused by a viral infection or exacerbation chronic illness, which arise due to a decrease in the body’s immune defense. The patient sometimes does not experience obvious discomfort and does not express complaints. An infection that causes hyperthermia can be localized in the nasopharynx, lower parts respiratory system, genitourinary department. It is important to find the cause and eliminate it.

It is important to remember that hyperthermia is dangerous for the developing fetus. When the thermometer value approaches 38, it is necessary to raise the issue of taking antipyretic medications. When the thermometer shows more than 38 degrees, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Reduced

In case of elevated body temperature, women usually have no questions. Everything here is extremely simple: the temperature should rise slightly, but readings over 37.5 degrees oblige you to be wary.

Doubts arise among expectant mothers when indicators are low. If conception is planned, but shortly before the expected menstruation the BBT decreases, then with a high degree of probability it can be said that pregnancy has not occurred. If the new position has already been confirmed, and the thermometer readings suddenly become low, then this becomes a reason to consult a doctor. Call an ambulance immediately if there is a decrease in basal temperature, which is accompanied by:

• nagging pain in the lower part of the peritoneum;
• frequent bowel movements;
• bloody discharge from the genital tract;
• pre-fainting;
• decrease in blood pressure.

A low temperature under the arm (36-36.3) is usually not a sign of a threat, only bt is indicative. However, a stable decrease may indicate endocrine problems, for example, hypothyroidism. You should tell your doctor about your low temperature during your next examination.

High temperature, everyone knows what it is. How does it affect the human body? Why is it rising? All these questions interest each of us, especially when we are faced with an illness that causes fever.

We always try to lower the temperature on our own, but we do not always cope with such a difficult task.

In order not to harm yourself and your loved ones, it is very important to know what to do when high temperature and how you can help alleviate the condition in this situation.

Fever, what to do?

What to do if the temperature rises? What to do and when should you call a doctor? In general, the temperature rises unexpectedly. Anything can happen to a person, because we don’t know what causes this reaction in the body, so we should prepare for a variety of consequences. Are you wondering where the thermostat is located in our body?

Yes, everything is very simple, in the brain. Normal body temperature, as everyone knows, is 36.6 degrees. Throughout the day they can change, fall and rise by two degrees. Mainly in evening time Temperature indicators become higher, and in the early morning, on the contrary, lower.

If you feel really bad and have a very high temperature, then you should know that this is the first symptom that may indicate a serious illness. These can be colds, viruses, infectious sticks, flu, rheumatism, inflammation of the abdominal cavity.

Doctors say that when body temperature increases, it means that the body is responding to the fact that it has an infection, a virus that can at any time cause illness or reduce the immune system. If you have a fever, this does not mean that you are seriously ill, but it is a sign or painful symptom.

The immune system is designed in such a way that when pathogenic microorganisms enter the blood, protective cells and leukocytes begin to be released, eliminating infectious foci, so the body temperature begins to change.

Fever should always be a concern, because this symptom is serious. Therefore, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner to diagnose the disease and begin a course of treatment. There are several cases when it is imperative to go to the hospital for consultation:

• If, at elevated temperatures, convulsive contractions of the body, severe headaches, disturbances of consciousness and difficulty breathing begin;
• If the temperature exceeds more than 39 degrees;
• When stands out a large number of sputum that has a green tint;
• With difficulty swallowing;
• With loss of appetite and hoarse cough.

How is temperature measured correctly?

The simplest and most proven way to help determine whether the body is normal or not is to measure the temperature in the armpit area. In order for conclusions to be drawn correctly, you should know the characteristics of the organism:

• Normal body temperature is between 36.4 and 36.9 degrees. Therefore, if the thermometer shows 36.6, do not rush to the doctor.
• Body temperature may fluctuate throughout the day.
• Different in different parts of the body normal temperature. For example, for feet the usual values ​​are 20-24 degrees.
• To measure temperature correctly, you should knock down the thermometer, lie down in comfortable position, place it in the armpit area and gently press down with your hand. The measurement time lasts 10 minutes, after this time you will be able to find out the correct indicators.

If the high temperature does not decrease within seven days, then it is time to go to the hospital to identify the cause of the current situation. You should not fight the disease yourself, since the temperature is caused by an inflammatory process and this can be not only normal cough, as well as blood poisoning.

High temperature: reasons

The main cause of elevated body temperatures is viral and bacterial diseases that penetrate the body, and after a little time begin their vital functions. When bacteria and viruses are detected in the human body, large organs produce a special type of proteins called pyrogens.

These proteins are the trigger mechanism that causes the process to start and the temperature to rise. Thanks to which the body naturally protects itself, or more precisely, produces the protein interferon and antibodies.

Interferon is a special type of protein that is designed to fight bad microorganisms. The more the temperature rises, the more more it is being produced. If you artificially lower your fever, then there is a reduction in interferon production and activity.

In this case, antibodies begin to fight bad microorganisms, so slowly but surely things are moving towards recovery. The most effective body temperature, which quickly defeats the disease, is 39 degrees.

Dehydration can also cause the temperature to rise; in this case, the patient should drink plenty of fluids. You can use infusions of herbs that have an anti-inflammatory effect, which also helps lemon tea, with raspberry leaves and freshly squeezed fruit juices.

Concerning allergic reaction– this is not the last reason causing elevated temperature, but in this case the indicators are not high, ranging from 37 to 37.5 degrees.

What not to do if the temperature is too high

• If an adult detects an elevated temperature, but there are no pathological or chronic diseases, then there is no need to use antipyretic drugs or other means, especially if the readings are not higher than 38 degrees. Allow your body to overcome the fever on its own. If these rules are not followed, complications may arise that will lead to the need to take antibacterial agents.
• Never use medications that increase your temperature when you are hot. Do not put mustard plasters on, do not go to the bathhouse, do not drink hot drinks and under no circumstances drink alcoholic beverages.
• When it's hot, the body tends to cool itself by sweating. But you don’t need to cover yourself with a blanket; you prevent the body from cooling itself.
• There is no need to try to create too warm an atmosphere in the room where the patient is located and do not humidify the air. Excessive moisture can, along with an infectious virus, enter the lungs, which causes nasal congestion, and subsequently pneumonia and bronchitis. Favorable air temperature should be 22-24 degrees.
• Never drink sugary drinks, otherwise a harmful type of bacteria will settle in the body, reinforced by glucose, which will lead to diseases such as pyelonyphritis or cystitis.
• Do not wipe yourself using pure alcohol and vinegar. Believe me, this is very harmful. The point is that through skin covering alcohol tends to enter the bloodstream, and alcohol vapors also cause dizziness and fainting. You should know that alcohol tends to quickly evaporate from the body, causing sudden cooling, which causes severe harm. The body begins to warm up even more, trembling appears, strength and energy are lost.

How to lower the temperature at home?

Heat. What to do? How to help? A lot of people are concerned about these questions. Today you will learn the answers to them, and will be able to help your loved ones timely assistance, in case they have a high fever.

If the temperature exceeds normal indicators, then you need to know how to act competently in this situation so as not to harm the patient. The fever should be lowered if the readings reach 40 degrees, as well as at a temperature of 38, but only if it does not go astray for three days. You can lower the temperature like this:

• You need to drink as much as possible, but not hot liquid.
• Take foot baths, the water should be cool.
• Apply cool compresses. A cold towel can be applied to the forehead, neck, wrist, armpits or groin.
• Wipe your body using warm water. Start with your face, move smoothly to your hands, and then wipe your feet.
• An effective method is taking a bath. If you immerse yourself waist-deep in a bath and rub your upper body with water, it will not only lower your temperature, but also remove toxins.
• Observe bed rest. Do not wear synthetic clothing; cotton underwear is fine.
• The most effective way is thermoregulation, or rather sweating. With its help the chills will go away and painful sensations in the muscles.
• Avoid fatty, fried, spicy food, eat fruits and vegetables.
• If the temperature is too high, then while the doctor arrives, drink antipyretics and apply a compress; prepare a solution of water and vinegar 1:1.
• If the situation is not critical, wrap yourself in a wet sheet.
• Can be used hypertonic solution, but not for children. Take warm boiled water, pour it into a glass, add two teaspoons of salt and mix thoroughly. Everything should be drunk. Thanks to this solution Water is absorbed and then leaves the body with feces.
• An enema with chamomile infusion is also equally effective. Take one glass of warm boiled water, add four tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers here, cover the container, and let it sit in a water bath for 15 minutes. After cooling the broth, strain, dilute in 200 milliliters of water, add two tablespoons vegetable oil and give an enema. In this way, you can not only bring down the temperature, but also cleanse the intestines.

How to urgently reduce the temperature of an adult?

If there is an urgent need to reduce body temperature, then it is necessary to administer intramuscularly lytic mixture. To prepare it you will need analgin 2 ml and diphenhydramine 2 ml. If there are no these drugs in the house, then call an ambulance. IN emergency You can take a tablet of analgin, aspirin and paracetamol. All together at once, but most importantly remember that this method is very harmful.

How to lower a pregnant woman's temperature?

If you are in a position and happen to get sick, then in your case the safest remedy is paracetamol. This drug It will not only relieve fever, but also pain, and also improve your overall well-being. It is allowed to take the drug every 6 hours, one tablet.

How to relieve a child's fever at home?

How to help a baby if he is on fire? Parents are always at a loss in this case, but they need to pull themselves together and do the following:

• You can use grapefruit. Let your child eat it; if there is no such fruit, then replace it with two oranges or half a lemon.
• If the child is very ill from a high temperature, then urgently mix fresh apple juice (from 1 fruit), lemon juice (from 1 citrus) with honey - 1 tablespoon. The entire mixture will be eaten three times throughout the day.
• You can wipe your baby with the solution; to prepare it, you need to dilute vodka in cool water 1:1.

Folk remedies at high temperatures, as you already understood, play an important role, since they do not harm the body, are often very tasty, but most importantly harmless!

Antipyretic herbs - recipes

Herbs are an excellent antipyretic. They often lower even critical temperatures and are more effective than medications:

• Black elderberry (flowers) 1 tablespoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, leave. Drink this decoction 0.5 cups three times a day.
• Small cornflower, 1 teaspoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water and leave. Drink 0.5 cups 4 times a day.
• Blueberries, whether fresh or processed, should be eaten. These berries quickly and easily relieve fever and chills.
• Willow (bark) 15 grams, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, cook for 5 minutes, and then leave for 2 hours. Take 1 tablespoon of the decoction no more than three times a day.
• Swamp cranberry. These berries are not only an antipyretic, but also a refreshing, tonic, improving physical and mental performance.
• Cordifolia linden (flowers) 2 tablespoons, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, let it boil for 5 minutes. Drink the infusion hot several times a day after meals, a glass.
• Ordinary raspberries are brewed as a tea drink and drunk.
• Pour 3 teaspoons of ordinary coltsfoot (leaves) hot water glass and leave for 3 hours. Then strain the broth and drink 0.5 cups warm before meals. No more than three times.
• Seed parsnips (dried grass) 1 tablespoon, pour 200 milliliters of boiling water, leave for three hours. Drink 0.5 glasses 30 minutes before meals.
• big plantain Pour 2 tablespoons of hot water into 200 milliliters, cook for five minutes. Drink a decoction of 0.5 cups 4 times a day before meals.

Traditional methods at high temperatures

Compresses and wraps

Prepare a decoction from yarrow or mint herb and wet a towel or cotton cloth with it, squeeze lightly and apply a compress to the temples, forehead, wrists, and groin folds. Compresses need to be changed every 10 minutes until the body temperature returns to normal. Instead of compresses, you can do wraps.

How to prepare a decoction

1. Take two tablespoons of chopped herbs and fill it with 0.5 liters of water at room temperature. It is best to do this in enamel or porcelain dishes.
2. Place the dishes on water bath and heat the mixture for 15 minutes, stirring it occasionally.
3. Then remove from the water bath and leave to cool, after which the resulting broth must be filtered through cheesecloth.

Herbal decoction of mint or yarrow is simple and very effective remedy which will help bring down the temperature.

Hypertonic solution

This folk remedy is very effective and gives a good effect when it is necessary to reduce a high temperature. Equally suitable for adults and children.

Preparation:

1. Take boiled water - 1 glass and add salt to it - 2 teaspoons.
2. Mix everything well until completely dissolved. Then you need to drink this solution.

Solution dosage

• children from six months to one and a half years - 70 milliliters;
• children from two to three years old - 200 milliliters;
• preschoolers and primary schoolchildren - 300 milliliters;
• teenagers and adults - 700 milliliters.

This solution will remove everything harmful and toxic from the body, and this will help reduce fever and recovery.

Enema with chamomile infusion

Preparation of chamomile infusion:

1. Pour a glass of hot boiled water over dried chamomile flowers - 4 tablespoons.
2. Place in a water bath, cover with a lid, and heat for 15 minutes.
3. When the infusion has cooled, filter it through cheesecloth and add water to bring the volume to 200 milliliters.

If the therapeutic enema is for a child, then you need to add 200 milliliters of vegetable oil to it, if the enema is intended for an adult, then in this case you need to add two tablespoons of oil.

Live medicine

We all know that when it's hot, you need to sweat. Time-tested folk remedies at high temperatures will help get rid of this unpleasant condition.

1. Cranberry juice is an excellent diaphoretic.
2. Linden and raspberry tea not only delicious, but also makes you sweat.
3. Red currants, or rather the juice from the berries, are no less effective.
4. Lingonberry juice lowers the temperature and has antimicrobial agent.
5. At night you need to drink an infusion of rose hips.

Do not forget that the room in which the patient lies must be filled fresh air. Also, do not forget that your love and care is the most effective and an indispensable tool from all diseases!

Education: Donetsk National University, Faculty of Biology, Biophysics.

Petrozavodsk State University Faculty of Medicine

Specialty: general practitioner

High body temperature is an unpleasant and incomprehensible phenomenon, since in the absence of symptoms it is quite difficult to determine its cause.

The optimal body temperature is considered to be 36.6 degrees, however, this figure can vary in one direction or another even in quite healthy person. This happens under the influence of stress, changing climatic conditions and other circumstances.

Besides external reasons, there are also internal factors, provoking an increase temperature without signs of a cold. In some cases, other symptoms of a particular disease appear, which makes diagnosis easier, but this may not happen. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to undergo laboratory test, which consists of taking tests of urine, bile, blood, mucus and sputum.

Main reasons asymptomatic fever are the following:

2. Tumors. The use of antipyretic drugs in this case does not give any effect, since fever is associated with pathological changes tissues of the diseased organ.

3. Injuries. These can be inflamed wounds, fractures, bruises.

4. Porphyria.

5. Some pathologies of the endocrine system.

6. Blood diseases and hemolysis.

7. Heart attacks.

8. Chronic pyelonephritis. The temperature rises to 37.5-37.9 degrees and this may be the only sign of the disease. Since low-grade fever indicates the body’s fight against inflammatory processes, it should not be brought down. If the fever does not go away for more than two weeks, you should go to the clinic and undergo examination.

9. Allergies, including to medications. The temperature increase is insignificant and occurs spasmodically.

10. Inflammation and systemic diseases, including autoimmune diseases - lupus, scleroderma, periarthritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic vasculitis, polyarthritis, Crohn's disease, polymyalgia rheumatica.

11. Meningococcal infection. The temperature rises to 40 degrees and it is possible to bring it down only for a very short period of time. Characteristic signs do not appear immediately. In this situation, it is very important to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

12. Infective endocarditis. Develops against the background of a previous sore throat or flu. The temperature rises to 37.5-40 degrees. To the patient hospitalization required.

13. Disorders of the functions of the hypothalamus (the center of the diencephalon that controls body temperature). The prerequisites for the occurrence, as well as methods of treating this pathology, are still unknown. To alleviate the patient’s condition, the doctor prescribes sedatives.

14. Mental disorders. For example, febrile schizophrenia, accompanied by fever.

15. Malaria. Elevated temperature is accompanied by headaches, coldness of the extremities, severe trembling, general agitation, and delirium. In this case, the high temperature periodically changes to normal, with a cycle of several days. Anyone who has visited African countries or been in contact with an infected person can get malaria. In addition, the causative agent of the disease can enter the body through the needle of a drug addict.

16. Endocarditis. This disease develops against the background of damage to the inner lining of the heart by pathogenic bacteria. Characteristic features pathologies are pain in the heart, sweating with stinky smell, . Fever is constant or hectic type.

17. Blood diseases: lymphomas, leukemia. In addition to elevated body temperature, symptoms such as skin rash, weight loss, intoxication.

Harmless increase in temperature indicators

There are other cases of asymptomatic fever in which the condition is not dangerous. These may be the following circumstances:

• If the temperature rises regularly, it may be symptom of VSD(vegetative-vascular dystonia);
• too much sun exposure;
• period of puberty in teenage boys.

Temperature 37 degrees without signs of a cold

Fever without signs of a cold can occur in women at early menopause , pregnancy, breastfeeding. Body temperature is also affected by changes in hormonal levels. For example, in women during normal menstrual cycle there is a slight increase in temperature to 37-37.2 degrees.

A temperature of 37 degrees cannot be called subfebrile, however, this condition often causes, in addition to a headache, a lot of inconvenience. If such a fever goes away quickly on its own, it does not pose a danger.

There are several reasons for this phenomenon:

• Chronic fatigue.
• Decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood or anemia.
• Stress, which is accompanied by the release of adrenaline into the blood.
• Depletion of human energy reserves.
• Weakening of the immune system.
• Post-stress or depression.
• Presence of indolent infection.
• General fatigue and loss of strength.
• Sexually transmitted diseases (AIDS, syphilis, etc.).

Typically, an increase in temperature to 37 degrees in an adult indicates the presence of a cause that provoked this condition and the inability of the body to cope with the problem on its own.

Asymptomatic fever up to 38 degrees: causes

Temperature rises to 38 degrees without signs of a cold occurs quite often. There are many explanations for this. For example, such a fever may be a symptom of incipient follicular or lacunar tonsillitis (with catarrhal sore throat There is only a slight increase in temperature). If this temperature lasts more than three days, we can assume the development of the following pathologies:

• Inflammation of the kidneys (characterized by unbearable stabbing pain in the lumbar region);
• pneumonia;
• heart attack;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia, which is accompanied by surges in blood pressure (blood pressure);
• rheumatism.

The persistence of a feverish state for several weeks and sometimes months may be a sign of the following diseases:

• Leukemia;
• development of tumor tumors in the body;
• diffuse changes in the lungs and liver;
• severe disruption of the endocrine system.

What all these cases have in common is that the immune system The body is fighting, which causes the increase in temperature.

High temperature of 39 degrees without signs of a cold: reasons

If the temperature rises to 39 degrees not for the first time, this may indicate the development of chronic inflammation or a pathological decrease in immunity. The process may be accompanied by febrile convulsions, difficulty breathing, chills, loss of consciousness and a further increase in temperature. An increase in temperature to 39-39.5 degrees may be a sign of the following pathologies:

• Chronic pyelonephritis;
• ARVI;
• allergy;
• viral endocarditis;
• meningococcal infection.

High temperature without signs of a cold: hyperthermia or fever?

Thermoregulation of the body(regulation of body temperature) occurs at the level of reflexes and the hypothalamus, which belongs to the diencephalon, is responsible for this process. The hypothalamus also controls the work of the entire endocrine and autonomic nervous system, because it is in it that the centers that regulate the feeling of thirst and hunger, body temperature, the cycle of sleep and wakefulness, as well as other psychosomatic and physiological processes occurring in the body.

Pyrogens (special protein substances) take part in increasing body temperature. They are divided into the following:

• Primary, that is, external, presented in the form of toxins of microbes and bacteria;
• secondary, that is, internal, which are produced by the body itself.

When an inflammatory focus occurs, primary pyrogens begin to affect the cells of the body, forcing them to begin producing secondary pyrogens, which, in turn, send impulses to the hypothalamus. And it already corrects the body’s temperature homeostasis in order to mobilize its protective properties.

Fever and chills will continue until the imbalance between increased heat production and decreased heat transfer is corrected.

With hyperthermia, there is also a fever without signs of a cold. But in this case, the hypothalamus does not receive a signal to protect the body from infection, and therefore does not take part in the increase in temperature.

Hyperthermia occurs against the background of changes in the heat transfer process, for example, as a result of general overheating of the body (heat stroke) or disruption of the heat transfer process.

What to do if you have a high temperature without signs of a cold?

In case of fever and headache, it is strictly forbidden to carry out physiotherapy, mud therapy, warming, massage, as well as water procedures.

Before starting treatment for fever accompanied by headache, it is necessary to find out the real reason the problem that has arisen. Only qualified specialist, based on laboratory data.

If it turns out that the disease is infectious and inflammatory in nature, a course of antibiotics is prescribed. For example, for fungal infections, the doctor prescribes medications triazole groups, polyene antibiotics and a number of other drugs. Simply put, the type of medicine is determined by the etiology of the disease.

Some drugs are used to treat thyrotoxicosis or, for example, syphilis, and others are used to treat arthritis. Therefore, it is quite difficult to independently determine which drug you need, since elevated temperature is a symptom of many pathologies that are so different in nature.

You should not get carried away with antipyretic drugs such as aspirin or paracetamol, as this can not only interfere with identifying the cause of the disease, but also aggravate its course. If the temperature is very high, an emergency team should be called to provide first aid and decide whether to hospitalize the patient.

Attention, TODAY only!

Heat – typical symptom for many diseases. It is by focusing on temperature that we often determine whether a person is sick or not. But this is not entirely correct, because temperature is only a manifestation of the disease, and not the disease itself. Therefore, bringing down the temperature does not mean recovery. It is necessary not only to fight high fever, but to determine what disease caused it and treat it. And for this you need to see a doctor.

Signs of a high fever

The following signs (symptoms) may indicate that the temperature is rising:

• , sudden fatigue, general painful condition;
• chills (mild chills at slightly elevated temperatures and severe chills at high temperatures);
• dry skin and lips;
• , body aches;
• loss of appetite;
• sweating (“breaks into a sweat”);

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it would be a good idea to take a thermometer.

What is considered a high temperature?

Normal temperature is generally considered to be 36.6°C. But in fact, temperatures within a fairly wide range are normal.

During the day, body temperature fluctuates quite a bit. The lowest temperature is observed in the morning, immediately after waking up; maximum - in the evening, at the end of the day. The difference can be somewhere around 0.5°C. Physical activity, stress, ordinary meals, drinking alcohol, staying in a bathhouse or on the beach can raise the temperature. In women, temperature fluctuations are also associated with ovulation. A few days before ovulation, the temperature decreases, and when ovulation occurs, it increases.

On average, a normal temperature is considered to be between 35° and 37°C. In children under 3 years of age, a temperature of up to 37.5°C is also considered normal. Where you take your temperature matters. You can focus on 36.6°C if you place a thermometer under your arm. If the thermometer is held in the mouth ( oral temperature), then the normal temperature will be 0.5°C higher (36.8-37.3°C). In order to obtain normal values ​​when measuring temperature in the rectum ( rectal temperature), you will need to add another half a degree (the norm is 37.3-37.7°C). Based on the measurement of the temperature under the arm, an elevated temperature is a temperature in the range of 37-38°C, a high temperature is above 38°C.

A temperature that rises above 38°C or a temperature of up to 38°C that persists for a long time is cause for concern ( low-grade fever).

When is an increase in temperature dangerous?

High body temperature is an undoubted sign that some kind of pathological process usually of an inflammatory nature. The higher the temperature, the faster it rises or the longer it lasts, the more serious the problem that caused it may be. This is why high temperatures are scary.

Meanwhile, an increase in temperature itself in most cases - defensive reaction to the penetration of infection. At high temperatures, the activity of pathogenic microorganisms decreases, and the body’s defenses, on the contrary, intensify: metabolism and blood circulation accelerate, and antibodies are released faster. But this increases the load on many organs and systems: cardiovascular, respiratory. High temperature is depressing nervous system, leads to dehydration. Possible circulatory disorders in internal organs (due to increased viscosity and blood clotting). Therefore, a high temperature that lasts for a long time can pose a danger in itself. Extremely high temperatures (above 41°C) are also dangerous.

Should I lower the temperature or not?

There is no need to rush to lower the temperature. First of all, the patient must be examined by a doctor. You should follow the doctor’s recommendations: if he advises you to lower your temperature, then you should lower it. The doctor makes decisions based on the general picture of the disease and assessment of the patient’s condition, that is, recommendations are always individual.

However, if the patient has a severe fever and the temperature is high (39°C or higher), then he can be given antipyretic drug, strictly following the instructions on the packaging. At the same time, you need to understand that you are fighting a symptom, not a disease.

The correct course of treatment involves identifying the cause of the high temperature and carrying out a set of measures aimed at treating the disease that caused its increase.

Causes of high temperature

Any inflammatory process can cause an increase in temperature. The nature of inflammation can be different - bacterial, viral, fungal. In most cases, the temperature is accompanying symptom: for example, with otitis media, the ear hurts (“twitches”) and the temperature rises...

The temperature is noticeable Special attention when no other symptoms are observed. Temperature against the background of standard signs of ARVI is ordinary, but only one high temperature is frightening.

Diseases that may cause a high fever without other symptoms:

chronic diseases urinary system(chronic,), in women – . Along with low-grade fever Abdominal pain and urination problems may occur;

chronic myocarditis and endocarditis. Wherein common symptom– pain in the heart area;

autoimmune diseases(rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.).

This is, of course, far from full list diseases that can cause fever

High temperature in a child

The child will not say that he has a high temperature. Even relatively older children, including students in elementary school, as a rule, cannot correctly assess their well-being. Therefore, parents need to closely monitor the child’s condition. You can suspect an increase in temperature based on the following signs:

• the child becomes unexpectedly lethargic or, conversely, restless and capricious;
• he is tormented by thirst (he asks for a drink all the time);
• mucous membranes become dry (dry lips, tongue);
• bright blush or, conversely, unusual pallor;
• eyes become red or shiny;
• the child is sweating;
• pulse and breathing increase. The normal heart rate is 100-130 beats per minute while sleeping and 140-160 while awake. By two years, the frequency decreases to 100-140 beats per minute. Normal frequency breathing also depends on age, for two month old baby it is 35-48 breaths per minute, for ages from one to three 28-35 breaths.

You can measure body temperature in the armpit or groin cavity mercury thermometer(it shows the temperature most accurately), rectally - only electronically. It is possible to measure the temperature rectally only in a small child (up to 4-5 months); older children resist the procedure, as it is unpleasant. To measure the temperature rectally, the tip of the thermometer is lubricated with baby cream, the child’s legs rise, as if washing. The tip of the thermometer is inserted into the rectum to a depth of 2 cm.

We should not forget that in children under one year of age, a normal temperature is considered to be a temperature of up to 37.5°C, and even up to 3 years of age, such a temperature does not always mean that the child is sick. You cannot measure the temperature when the child is very worried, crying, or is tightly wrapped up - the temperature in these cases will be expected to be higher. Body temperature can also increase hot bath or the room temperature is too high.

In young children, the temperature can rise up to 38.3°C for reasons unrelated to illness, such as:

• overheating (due to excessive wrapping, being under direct sun rays or violations drinking regime), especially under 3 months of age;
• scream;
• (if the child pushes, the temperature may rise);
• (one of the most common reasons).

If it does not seem that the temperature is caused by one of these reasons, it persists and does not subside, or, moreover, increases, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor. If the temperature is above 38°C, you should consult a doctor in any case.

What to do at elevated temperatures

While the temperature rises, the patient gets chills and feels cold. You want to dress as warmly as possible, wrap yourself in a blanket, and this is natural. But as soon as the temperature rises and the patient becomes hot, care should be taken to avoid excessive overheating: you need to change clothes (or change clothes for a sick child) into light cotton clothes. You can cover yourself with a sheet.

Bed rest is recommended, but if the child is active despite the temperature, he should not be forced into bed, although it is worth keeping him from excessive activity, which can raise the temperature even more.

The air in the room where the patient is located should be fresh and cool. The room must be ventilated, removing the patient to another room for the time of ventilation.

At high temperatures you need to drink more. You can drink little by little, but constantly. Fruit drinks, compotes, diluted juices, tea with lemon, and green tea are excellent.

You should not shower or bathe. You can wipe yourself with water at room temperature or with vinegar (a 9% vinegar solution is diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio). It is not recommended to wipe small children with vinegar. Rubbing with cold water or alcohol can increase the fever.

Antipyretics should be taken as prescribed by a doctor, strictly following the instructions.

In some cases, at high temperatures you should call an ambulance:

• if against the background of temperature it is observed;
• if the temperature is accompanied by the appearance of a rash;
• for febrile seizures and others severe conditions;
• if at a temperature above 38.5°C, lethargy and drowsiness are observed;
• if the temperature continues to rise or does not subside, despite taking antipyretic drugs;
• at temperatures above 39.5°C.