home Audience 1 Functions of the cavernous bodies. Corpus cavernosum

Functions of the cavernous bodies. Corpus cavernosum

The penis consists of two cavernous bodies and a spongy body, which at the distal end expands into the glans penis, and the urethra passes through its central part. The crura of the penis (the proximal parts of the corpora cavernosa) are attached to the pubic bones. The cavernous bodies are connected to the pubic symphysis and the white line of the anterior abdominal wall suspensory ligaments

Corpus cavernosum consists of a dense outer layer of relatively inelastic fibrous tissue and internal vascular spongy tissue ( corpus spongiosum ). The partition between the two bodies is perforated and they function as a single unit. The cavity of the corpora cavernosa contains large vascular spaces lined with endothelium covering the underlying smooth muscle.

The arterial blood supply to the penis comes from two internal genital arteries, which are branches of the anterior sections of the internal iliac arteries. Each penile artery, passing through the Olcock canal, becomes an artery of the penis. The artery of the penis gives off a branch to the urethral bulb (a. bulbi penis) and another branch to the corpus spongiosum (a. urethralis). The main artery of the penis is divided into the dorsal artery of the penis (a. dorsalis penis), which also supplies the glans penis, and into a deeper cavernous branch (a. profunda penis, a. cavernosa). By joining corpus cavernosum of the penis, the artery is divided into numerous small branches that supply blood to the cavernous tissue. Some of these branches open directly into the cavernous spaces, while others, which have a spiral shape (cochlear arteries), in addition to supplying the sinusoidal spaces, give off capillaries to supply the cavernous muscles. The arterial supply to the penis is subject to individual variations, but only the cavernous arteries are essential for the occurrence of an erection.

Small venules starting in the cavernous bodies themselves unite into larger ones, forming an intrathecal plexus under the tunica albuginea. In the distal and middle parts of the cavernous bodies, these venules empty into the efferent veins that penetrate tunica albuginea with the formation of circumflex veins. They flow into the deep dorsal vein of the penis, which also collects blood from the glans. The deep dorsal vein drains into the periprostatic venous plexus and from there into the internal iliac veins. The proximal parts of the cavernous bodies are drained by the cavernous and crural veins, which flow into the preprostatic plexus and pudendal vein. Skin of the penis and foreskin drains blood into the superficial dorsal vein, which empties into the saphenous veins.

Penile erection is a complex neurovascular process involving the interaction of three physiological systems: central and peripheral nervous system and smooth muscles of the arteries and trabeculae of the penis.

Most studies devoted to the areas of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for the development of erection were carried out under experimental conditions using animals. However, recently, with the advent of new diagnostic techniques, opportunities to study these issues have expanded. In addition, certain information was obtained by analyzing penile erectile dysfunction in patients with damage to different parts of the central nervous system.

Sensitive impulses (visual, auditory and tactile) of a sexual nature are first analyzed in the cortex cerebral hemispheres, mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes. This is confirmed by studies using positron emission tomography in men against the background of visual sexual stimulation, which showed increased activity in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex and limbic system. Similar results were obtained using electroencephalography. From the cerebral cortex, impulses move to the amygdala (corpus amygdaloideum), which is considered one of the most important centers controlling libido and erection, which is confirmed by data on the development of hypersexuality in humans and animals with lesions in this area (Kluver-Bucy syndrome). The paraventricular and other nuclei of the hypothalamus, midbrain and pons are also important for the development of erection, but their exact roles have not yet been established. The main mediators responsible for central control of erectile function are dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and oxytocin.

From the brain, impulses are transmitted along pathways spinal cord to the sympathetic and parasympathetic erectile centers, located at the level of T11-L2 and S2-S4, respectively. Sympathetic impulses have a depressing effect on erection, while activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, on the contrary, promotes its development. In addition, research shows that the sympathetic spinal center is largely under the influence of the brain and ensures the development of psychogenic erections, that is, erections that develop as a result of thoughts of a sexual nature, and the parasympathetic can function autonomously, providing reflexogenic erections resulting from direct stimulation of the genitals . It should be noted that normally both centers are in constant interaction, controlling the condition of the penis, or rather the tone of its smooth muscle tissue.

Cavernous or cavernous bodies(eng. corpora cavernosa) are structural parts of the erectile tissue of the penis, covered with a dense protein (fibrous) capsule. The key function of the corpora cavernosa is blood filling; they contain the prevailing part of the blood volume in the male penis during erection.

Anatomy

The two corpora cavernosa, along with the corpus spongiosum, through which the urethra passes, form the male penis. Corpora cavernosa are located along the entire length of the organ, from pubic bone right up to the head. They consist of porous tissue containing blood-filled spaces of varying sizes (larger in the center than at the periphery), lined by an endothelial layer and delimited by septa connective tissue, so-called trabeculae. Trabeculae contain numerous nerves and arteries. All three bodies are surrounded by muscles that hold male organ during erection and contracting during ejaculation.

Physiological features

During sexual arousal, the release of NO leads to relaxation of the three bodies of the penis. The tissues fill with blood from the arteries along the entire length of the male genital organ. A small volume of blood enters the corpus spongiosum, and the remainder (about 90 percent) fills the corpora cavernosa, which expand in both width and length. Unlike the corpora cavernosa, the corpora spongiosum remains soft even during coitus, otherwise it would compress the urethra and become an obstacle to ejaculation. Blood can leave erectile tissue only through drainage system venous vessels around the outer wall of the corpus cavernosum. The swollen spongy tissue presses against the surrounding white capsule, causing the veins to contract, preventing the outflow of blood. The penis becomes hard, but its head remains softer, since its membrane is thinner than in the corpora cavernosa. This minimizes the possibility of injury to a woman’s genitals during coitus.

Diseases and injuries

Pathologies of the corpora cavernosa include:

cavernous fibrosis (tissue sclerosis);
Peyronie's disease (also known as fibroplastic induration of the penis);
incomplete absence of corpora cavernosa (extremely rare).
Rough sexual intercourse can lead to rupture of the corpora cavernosa under the skin, the so-called. "Penis fracture".

Corpora cavernosa in the clitoris

The body of the female clitoris houses erectile tissue in the form of a pair of corpora cavernosa. However, the clitoris does not have a spongy body, unlike the penis, and the urethra is located separately - behind the female genital organ. The corpora cavernosa provide the clitoris with the ability to achieve an erection, but it is relatively small in size and is not intended for sexual penetration. During sexual arousal, blood fills cavernous bodies. This causes extrusion of the clitoral glans and increases sensitivity to physical contact.

Anatomy of the human reproductive system
Male reproductive system	Corpora cavernosa

Acute pain in the penis area indicates serious problems. And one of them is cavernitis - inflammation of the cavernous bodies of the penis. It's pretty rare pathology, which develops in men as a result of infection in the cavernous (cavernous) bodies. Most often this occurs with inflammatory or traumatic injuries urethra.

The main function of the corpora cavernosa is to ensure penile erection. And any pathology can lead to serious problems in sexual life in men.

Classification of the disease

According to the nature of the flow inflammatory process differentiate acute and chronic cavernitis. More often the disease occurs in acute form, with the development of a limited inflammatory infiltrate, which is palpable as painful lump. In this case, the body temperature suddenly rises, the penis swells, and severe pain appears. The appearance of spontaneous and very painful erections is characteristic.

The chronic form usually develops as a primary chronic process with gonorrheal urethritis, in some cases it is a consequence of insufficient treatment acute illness. The inflammatory process affects the cavernous body of the urethra with the formation of painful infiltrates of various sizes. Differs in more meager symptoms than in the acute form.

Based on their origin, they distinguish between perfusion and syphilitic cavernitis. The fracture form develops when an infectious pathogen penetrates through the urethra. The process is accompanied by the formation of painful purulent nodules. The syphilitic form is characterized by the presence of infiltrates on the cavernous bodies of the penis, and not urethra.

Causes and symptoms of the disease

The development of the inflammatory process in the cavernous bodies of the penis is usually of gonorrheal origin. The causative agent of the infection enters with the flow of lymph or blood from an inflammatory focus located in another organ, forming a diffuse or limited inflammatory process.

The main provoking factors for exacerbation of the disease are:

Trauma to the penis, accompanied by damage to the cavernous bodies
Acute urethritis
Sexually transmitted infections
Chronic infection(tonsillitis, influenza, osteomyelitis)

The acute onset of the disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Temperature rise to 40°C
Chills, headache
Severe pain in the penis
Swelling of the penis
Painful erection accompanied by curvature of the penis

Dangerous consequences

With absence timely treatment the disease can progress to the stage of abscess formation at the site of the inflammatory infiltrate. The abscess can break through at any time both outward and into the lumen of the urethra, leading to a serious complication of the disease.

As a result, the connecting partitions of the cavernous bodies die off, and subsequently the formation of coarse sclerotic tissue in their place, which leads to deformation of the penis during erection. As a result, normal sexual intercourse becomes impossible, and men in this case often have problems with potency.

How to cure cavernitis?

The process of enlarging a man’s penis during an erection is controlled by the corpus cavernosum, which, under the influence of a rush of blood, tends to expand and become voluminous. Without the elasticity and flexibility of this section of the penis, 100% erection, as well as numerous sexual functions of a man, are impossible. Therefore it is worth Special attention pay attention to the cavernous bodies, their properties and structural features.

The female reproductive system, like men's. It's amazing how, in a matter of seconds, a soft penis simply grows and hardens before your eyes in the process of sexual arousal. In fact, there is an increase in the three cavernous bodies of the penis - the paired bodies and the unpaired third body. They can be compared to a sponge, which consists from the inside of epithelial cells that are saturated with blood.

What is the corpus cavernosum?

From a theoretical point of view, in medicine and anatomy, the corpus cavernosum is a unit of the structural structure of the penis, without which erection and the ability to have sexual intercourse are impossible. Inside the corpus cavernosum are nerve endings and arteries, thanks to the impulses of the central nervous system and the rush of blood, the elastic and flexible cavernous bodies expand in volume. As a result, the penis hardens and increases in both length and diameter.

From the inside, the corpora cavernosa can be compared to a sponge, the erectile tissue of which consists of epithelial cells. In total, the male penis has two paired corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum. The higher the elasticity and stretchability of the corpora cavernosa, the better a man’s erectile function, as well as the higher the quality of sexual life.

Structure and properties

To understand the properties of the cavernous bodies in the male penis, you must first consider them anatomical structure. The structural unit of the penis, the corpus cavernosum, consists of:

upper distal part;
middle;
proximal Bottom part or as it is also called the leg.

The properties of the corpora cavernosa are explained by their main purpose - erectile function. The structure of this area of the penis assumes the presence of elastic fibers and muscle cells, due to the close interweaving of which special cells of the cavern and lacuna are formed. They are responsible for filling with blood and growing under the influence of the nervous urges of the central nervous system of sexual arousal.

For reference! In the event of an inflammatory process against the background of infection penetration into the cavernous bodies, from a medical point of view, the disease is called cavernitis. Pathology suggests acute onset with pronounced painful symptoms for a man.

What enlarges the corpora cavernosa in the penis?

The structure of the bodies also contains cavernous bodies, which contain cavernous cells.. These cells are responsible for the ability to change their volumes; the effect on the cavernous bodies in this case involves a change in the tone of the trabecular fibers. Arterioles are responsible for the flow of blood to the cells.

During sexual desire and arousal male body produces nitric oxide, under the influence of which trabecular fibers relax. As a result of this, more free space is formed between the arterioles; a rush of blood can now fill the cells as much as possible. This means that cavernous tissues and cavernous bodies grow, respectively.

The reverse flow of blood is carried out through the veins that are woven into this area genitals. It is also worth noting that after the cavernous tissue increases, the venous plexuses block the flow of blood under pressure for some time. Due to this, the man’s erection is fixed, which is necessary for full sexual intercourse. Upon completion of the act, the released norepinephrine increases the tone of the trabecular fibers, which leads to reverse processes.

What essential oils can be used for the corpora cavernosa?

Since, thanks to the high elasticity and ability to stretch the corpora cavernosa, maximum erection is possible, this became the basis for the method of penis enlargement.

Numerous drugs for penis growth require the presence of substances that act specifically on the cavernous bodies. For example, essential oils, which with their unique properties may influence different organs and systems.

For reference! Main function esters in this case - deep penetration into the capillaries, due to which the flow of blood in the pelvic organs increases. And this, in turn, causes the cavernous bodies to fill with blood as much as possible, thereby increasing in volume.

The most effective esters are as follows:

peppermint oil;
anise oil;
brown butter;
amaranth esters;
ginseng oil.

Before using any of the oils, it is necessary to test for the absence of allergies, since esters often become provocateurs allergic reactions. To do this, apply one drop of the product to your wrist or elbow, and then do not wash it off for 24 hours. Itching and rash are obvious signs hypersensitivity to esters.

We enlarge the cavernous bodies - we enlarge the penis!

Smooth muscle cells of the arteries, as well as sinusoidal capillaries and arteriole capillaries, which are located in the corpora cavernosa, are responsible for erectile function. Under the influence of the functions of the arteries and the circulatory system, the flow of blood to the cavernous bodies increases, as a result of which the penis straightens and acquires a solid structure. This means that the man is completely ready to perform sexual intercourse.

This can be achieved during sexual arousal, as well as during correct use the above essential oils. To do this you need to do the following:

rub a couple of drops of ether on the palms of your hands;
Rub the oil onto the skin of the penis using massaging movements of the palms;
light rubbing movements are performed for 3-5 minutes;
Esters need to be applied twice a day for several months.

Thanks to such manipulations, you can nourish the skin with vitamin E, improve blood circulation, saturate the epidermis with oxygen, and also restore metabolism. The cavernous bodies, or rather their vessels, will become soft and elastic, due to which the ability to stretch the cavernous bodies will improve. As a result of this, when an erection is achieved, the man will receive 100% results.

How to enlarge the cavernous bodies?

If you choose the right methods for enlarging the corpora cavernosa, a man will know how to enlarge his penis. Today there is a special method for conducting training. It involves two types of impact - gripping and stretching. To begin with, you need to firmly grasp the penis at the very base with your fingers, and then pull it as far as possible towards the head.

For reference! When performing regular exercises, you need to understand that in total the size of the penis can increase by no more than 1-3 cm. Dramatic results in penis enlargement can be expected only after plastic surgery.

You need to perform stretching no more than 10 times, this will be enough to disperse the cavernous bodies. As practice has shown, slight pain during stretching of the penis does not promise injury or problems for a man. If you perform the exercises in parallel with the application of essential oils, the result will not be long in coming.

The process of enlarging a man’s penis during an erection is controlled by the corpus cavernosum, which, under the influence of a rush of blood, tends to expand and become voluminous. Without the elasticity and flexibility of this section of the penis, 100% erection, as well as numerous sexual functions of a man, are impossible. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the cavernous bodies, their properties and structural features.

The female reproductive system is just as complex as the male one. It's amazing how, in a matter of seconds, a soft penis simply grows and hardens before your eyes in the process of sexual arousal. In fact, there is an increase in the three cavernous bodies of the penis - the paired bodies and the unpaired third body. They can be compared to a sponge, which consists from the inside of epithelial cells that are saturated with blood.

What is the corpus cavernosum?

From a theoretical point of view, in medicine and anatomy, the corpus cavernosum is a unit of the structural structure of the penis, without which erection and the ability to have sexual intercourse are impossible. Inside the cavernous body there are nerve endings and arteries, thanks to the impulses of the central nervous system and the rush of blood, the elastic and flexible cavernous bodies expand in volume. As a result, the penis hardens and increases in both length and diameter.

Structure and properties

To understand the properties of the cavernous bodies in the male penis, you must first consider their anatomical structure. The structural unit of the penis, the corpus cavernosum, consists of:

upper distal part;
middle;
the proximal lower part or as it is also called the leg.

What enlarges the corpora cavernosa in the penis?

The structure of the bodies also contains cavernous bodies, which contain cavernous cells. These cells are responsible for the ability to change their volumes; the effect on the cavernous bodies in this case involves a change in the tone of the trabecular fibers. Arterioles are responsible for the flow of blood to the cells.

During sexual desire and arousal, the male body produces nitric oxide, under the influence of which the trabecular fibers relax. As a result of this, more free space is formed between the arterioles; a rush of blood can now fill the cells as much as possible. This means that cavernous tissues and cavernous bodies grow, respectively.

The reverse flow of blood is carried out through the veins that are intertwined in this area of the genital organs. It is also worth noting that after the cavernous tissue increases, the venous plexuses block the flow of blood under pressure for some time. Due to this, the man’s erection is fixed, which is necessary for full sexual intercourse. Upon completion of the act, the released norepinephrine increases the tone of the trabecular fibers, which leads to reverse processes.

EroForce;
Cream-wax “Healthy” for potency;
Drug M16.

What essential oils can be used for the corpora cavernosa?

Since, thanks to the high elasticity and ability to stretch the corpora cavernosa, maximum erection is possible, this became the basis for the method of penis enlargement.

The most effective esters are as follows:

peppermint oil;
anise oil;
brown butter;
amaranth esters;
ginseng oil.

Before using any of the oils, it is necessary to test for the absence of allergies, since esters often provoke allergic reactions. To do this, apply one drop of the product to your wrist or elbow, and then do not wash it off for 24 hours. Itching and rash are clear signs of hypersensitivity to esters.

Enlarge the cavernous bodies - enlarge the penis!

This can be achieved during sexual arousal, as well as with the correct use of the above essential oils. To do this you need to do the following:

rub a couple of drops of ether on the palms of your hands;
Rub the oil onto the skin of the penis using massaging movements of the palms;
light rubbing movements are performed for 3-5 minutes;
Esters need to be applied twice a day for several months.

How to enlarge the cavernous bodies?

Prostate massage still causes a lot of controversy among specialists, but most often these debates are not about its effectiveness, but about the frequency of its implementation. Thanks to the massage, blood supply is activated and outflow from the prostate is facilitated. Long-term observations have shown that manual action has high level effectiveness in the treatment of prostatitis. Experiencing psychological discomfort, as the massage is carried out through anus, a representative of the stronger sex is primarily concerned about the idea of how to do a prostate massage himself at home. Whether self-massage of the prostate will cause harm, and whether it will be performed successfully, we will consider below.

Many sources provide information that a young man can massage the prostate gland on his own. But, alas, this is not so! To have a full session manual therapy, you need to insert a finger deep enough into the anus, and this is quite difficult for self-massage.

We can say that it is anatomically impossible to perform a massage yourself, unless the representative of the stronger sex is, of course, an Indian yogi or gutta-percha boy from the circus. And if the patient suffers overweight, then carrying out such a procedure on oneself becomes simply impossible. The way out of the situation is the help of a very close person, if he is a specialist in urology and knows what the gland is. Otherwise, you will still have to go to a specialist for help.

How to prepare

The most important thing in conducting a massage is that a specialist has a diploma. Ignorance of anatomy, contraindications, methods and techniques of massage will only harm a person and cause a lot of problems and complications. A homemade massage can successfully replace a session with a charlatan - the effect will be the same. Therefore, the basic rules for preparing for prostate massage are:

Choosing the right and experienced specialist, and you don’t need to rely on self-massage.
In the morning, on the day of the session, you need to independently cleanse the rectum of feces. A microenema will help with this.
Toilet the perineum and anal area or take a shower.
It is recommended to drink about 1 liter of water 30-40 minutes before the start of the session, since it is advisable to carry out the massage when the bladder. This approach allows you to achieve the required contact between the finger and the prostate gland, which is impossible to do on your own.

Preparation for prostate massage is simple and straightforward and does not require much effort from the patient; it can be done independently. The client comes to the session at a strictly allotted time, and the doctor begins the massage. It is important to know that a competent specialist will never begin manipulation without making sure that there are no contraindications that the patient cannot diagnose for himself. These include:

Haemorrhoids;
Proctitis, paraproctitis or anal fissures;
Fever;
Chronic prostatitis in the acute stage.

Progress of the massage

This procedure is used not only for the treatment of diseases, but also for diagnostic purposes. During the massage, prostate juice is intensively released. If the doctor deems it necessary, he will collect the secreted fluid in a special container and send it to the laboratory for analysis. When performing self-massage of the prostate gland, a man is unlikely to be able to collect material for analysis and independently assess the condition of the gland.

Stage 1

The man removes his body from clothing below the waist and sits on the couch in a knee-elbow position or on his side with his legs drawn up to his chest. This position allows you to relax your muscles as much as possible. pelvic floor and create favorable conditions for manipulation. It is possible to perform a massage while standing. To do this, the patient rests his chest on a table or high couch, forming a right angle between the body and legs.

Stage 2

The doctor washes his hands, puts on sterile gloves and lubricates the patient’s finger and anus with a special gel or Vaseline. Forefinger The doctor inserts it into the patient’s anus to a depth of 5-7 centimeters. Having felt the prostate, the urologist evaluates its size, consistency, sensitivity, as well as the condition of the surrounding tissues. Agree, without knowing the anatomy and diseases of the organ, it is impossible to perform a massage on your own. Self-massage of the prostate will simply be useless. Even close person, making rotational or translational movements in the man’s rectum, does anything but massage.

Stage 3

After the doctor assesses the condition of the organ, he begins to perform the manipulation. With careful movements, stroking is performed first on one lobe of the gland, then on the other along the excretory ducts. At the beginning of the massage, the movements are soft and careful, and the doctor focuses on the patient’s well-being. Then the intensity increases, but the procedure does not bring negative feelings.

The prostate massage is completed by moving outward along the central groove of the organ. In total, manual treatment of the prostate lasts about 2 minutes. A man cannot massage an organ on his own and achieve desired effect for anatomical reasons.

The number of sessions is prescribed by the urologist. Most often, this effect on the prostate is carried out once a week for a month. It is impossible to perform a massage of the glandular organ on oneself, but for greater effectiveness of treatment, a man can independently perform special exercises therapeutic exercises. Therefore, you don’t need to rack your brains over the question of how to do a prostate massage yourself, but entrust it to professionals. Alas, many years of observations give us the right to say that self-massage of the prostate brings more harm for health than good.