Measles rubella vaccine per year vaccine. Does a person need a measles, rubella, mumps vaccine?

Rubella, mumps and measles are dangerous for children viral infections that are transmitted from sick to healthy by airborne droplets. Only humans can get sick from them. They are unable to infect other biological species. Most often, infections develop in children under 10 years of age.

The highest incidence rate is in children from 5 to 7 years old. In our article we will discuss all the pros and cons of such a vaccination: you will find out which vaccine is better - domestic or imported, the names of the highest quality ones, what kind of reaction can be expected in a child to vaccination.

A little about the diseases themselves

Mumps (mumps). This disease has the ability to affect the brain and spinal cord. This happens in 15% of cases. Incubation period lasts from 12 to 20 days.

With mumps, the parotid area swells and hurts salivary gland . Often such processes are observed in the area of ​​the pancreas, testicles, and prostate.

Measles. The disease is considered one of the most dangerous and contagious. Previously, measles was difficult to treat and went away, leaving behind serious complications.

In approximately 0.5% of cases, the disease causes the development of encephalitis ( inflammatory process in the brain) and death.

To whom and when do they do it: indications and schedule

It is very important not to skip vaccination.

That's why the vaccination calendar was invented. The drug is first administered at one year of age.

Indications for vaccination in adolescence :

• the possibility of the disease occurring in girls during pregnancy, which can lead to abnormal development of the fetus and the appearance of abnormal signs;
• the likelihood of testicular damage in young men, which in the future will lead to infertility.

The need for repeated administration is explained by the fact that with the initial administration of the drug, immunity to viruses may not develop in all children.

Preparation for the procedure, injection site, procedure

If the pediatrician, after examination, does not identify any threatening factors, then vaccination can be carried out without preparation.

In case of frequent allergic reactions The doctor may prescribe antihistamines 2-3 days before vaccination.

If your baby has frequent chronic infections, to prevent possible complications or exacerbation, the pediatrician will recommend taking general restoratives 1-2 days before the injection.

It is important not to contact people who are sick for 2-3 weeks after vaccination.

Where do you get the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine? The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Children under 3 years of age are vaccinated at outer surface hips. For older children, the vaccine is injected into the shoulder.

The drug should not be injected into places where there is a fatty layer: the vaccine will not have the expected effect and will be useless.

Contraindications

And there are two types of contraindications - temporary and permanent.

The first include:

Permanent contraindications:

• allergic reactions to egg whites;
• allergic reactions to gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin;
• the presence of Quincke's edema;
• severe complications arising after primary vaccination;
• neoplasms;
• low platelet count;
• people with HIV infection;
• patients with a damaged immune system.

Vaccination is contraindicated for acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, and abnormalities in blood and urine parameters.

How is it tolerated, side effects

How do children tolerate the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine? The reaction after vaccination occurs on days 5-15. This type is usually called delayed.

The reason for delayed reactions is the presence of live but weakened rubella, mumps and measles viruses.

After penetration into the body, viruses begin to spread and further provoke an immune response, the peak of which occurs 5-15 days after vaccination.

The most common reactions:

None of the above reactions is a pathology. These signs reflect the beginning of the formation of immunity to the measles, rubella and mumps viruses. You should not attempt to treat them as the symptoms will disappear within a few days of their onset.

Possible consequences and complications from the vaccine

Complications after administration of the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine occur in in rare cases . You should learn to distinguish them from normal reactions.

A severe cough, runny nose, high fever lasting more than 5 days, or a rash all over the skin are reasons to consult a doctor.

Other complications:

How to help your child after vaccination

The reaction to the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine will occur on the 5th day. To reduce the occurrence of complications and side effects, the following rules should be adhered to:

• You should not let your baby try new foods.
• It is not recommended to feed him heavy food and overfeed.
• More fluid needs to be given.
• You should not leave your home for several days after vaccination. This is due to the weakening protective functions, which can lead to infection with various diseases.
• Avoid hypothermia or overheating.
• For several days it is necessary to limit the child’s contact with others.

Even if there is a slight increase in body temperature after vaccination with measles-rubella-mumps, means should be used to reduce it.

Contact your doctor if:

Efficiency

Immunity to measles, rubella and mumps viruses is formed in 90% of vaccinated people. These are official medical statistics.

When deciding what to do KKP vaccination or not, first of all, take into account all the details and little things - possible complications, reactions, side effects, etc.

In this video famous doctor Komarovsky will talk about vaccinations, including the vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps, about side effects and reactions after vaccination:

Mumps, rubella and measles are among the most dangerous childhood diseases in the world, which in some cases lead to death. The incidence of such outcomes significantly exceeds the incidence of complications after vaccine administration.

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Measles, rubella, mumps are infectious diseases that pose a danger to human health. They can lead to damage to the central nervous system, encephalitis, meningitis, hearing loss, blindness. If a pregnant woman gets rubella, the child is often born with deformities and pathologies. Mumps during pregnancy provokes miscarriage in 25% of women.

A comprehensive vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps (one vaccine against three infections at once) allows you to administer immunobiological drug into the child's body. It will prevent future infection with these infections, which means it will protect the baby from real danger. Therefore, it is so important for parents to know as much detailed information as possible about this vaccination.

It is very important not to miss vaccination so that it is carried out in accordance with the vaccination schedule against these infectious diseases. Doctors should educate parents in advance when giving vaccinations against rubella, measles and mumps. The vaccine is administered three times: infancy, on the eve of school and on teenage years. Repeated administration of the drug is called revaccination. A typical vaccination schedule for rubella, measles and mumps is as follows:

Repeated administration of the drug is explained by the fact that not all children develop immunity to these infections after the first vaccination. In addition, in this case there is such a thing as expiration date. Time passes, and artificially acquired immunity tends to weaken. Therefore, parents are advised to know exactly how long the vaccine against rubella, mumps and measles lasts by checking this calendar so as not to miss the next one. In adolescence, revaccination is necessary for several reasons:

1. Extension of protection for girls who, over the next few (5-10) years, will give birth to children for whom rubella and mumps viruses are dangerous during intrauterine development.
2. Immunity against the vaccine is successfully activated when encountering the vaccine virus.
3. Extension of protection for young men, for whom it is extremely undesirable at this age (one of the complications of this disease specifically for men is infertility).

If a child for some reason has not been vaccinated, he is vaccinated at 13 years of age. On average, the validity of vaccinations against mumps, measles and rubella is about 10 years: this is the frequency with which the population is vaccinated. However, during outbreaks of infection, vaccinations are given unscheduled, which makes it possible to extinguish outbreaks of disease.

Place of vaccination

Since the first vaccination is given to a very small baby, parents are worried about where to get the rubella vaccine for their baby. Here are the medical rules:

• at 12 months the drug is injected into the thigh, namely into its outer surface;
• in other cases - into the shoulder muscle.

The choice of these particular sites for grafting is not accidental: the skin here is thin, the muscles are close to its surface, and there is no subcutaneous fat at all. If the vaccine gets into the fat layer, it will lose its beneficial, medicinal properties. It is not done in the buttocks, since in this place the muscles are deep, the fat layer under the skin is thick, and there is a risk of touching the sensitive sciatic nerve.

Contraindications

Unfortunately, not all children may be vaccinated with this vaccine. There are a number of contraindications due to which these vaccinations can, unfortunately, be postponed indefinitely, or may be prohibited for life. Temporary contraindications for vaccination include:

• acute course of illness (you can get vaccinated immediately after recovery);
• pregnancy (vaccination is carried out immediately after childbirth);
• simultaneous administration of blood products (vaccination is done only after a month).

There are also permanent contraindications, which include:

• allergic reaction to some medications(neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin);
• allergy to egg white;
• neoplasms;
• complications after receiving the vaccine for the last time.

In these cases, vaccination is not carried out at all, so as not to worsen the child’s condition with complications.

Complications

Complications after vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps are rare, but do occur. Among them:

• allergic reactions - anaphylactic shock, urticaria, severe swelling at the injection site;
• encephalitis;
• serous aseptic meningitis;
• decrease (temporary) of platelets in the blood;
• pneumonia;
• abdominal pain;
• syndrome toxic shock.

Such severe cases It is necessary to urgently seek help from doctors. After a thorough medical examination, contraindications for further vaccination of the child will most likely be identified. However, not only complications can a small organism react to vaccination. The consequences suggest a number of side effects.

Reaction to vaccination (consequences)

Usually side effects After vaccination, measles, rubella, and mumps are very frightening for parents, although doctors immediately warn about them and inform them that it is normal reaction small organism. This means that the child’s immunity is actively working. This is not a pathology, no treatment is necessary, and in this case it makes no sense to refuse this vaccination in the future. These side effects include:

• after vaccination against rubella, a small rash appears on the body;
• runny nose;
• temperature increase;
• joint pain;
• cough;
• discomfort at the injection site.

These side effects should appear from 5 to 15 days after administration of the vaccine. If the symptoms do not fit into specified period after immunization, they are not associated with it.

During pregnancy, all infections pose a threat to pregnancy. The rubella virus is considered for the unborn child. It penetrates through the placenta to the baby, affects him, leads to death, causes pathologies and deformities. Therefore, vaccination against rubella before pregnancy should be done in advance in order to protect the unconceived child and yourself. During the period of bearing the baby, this will no longer be possible: only after childbirth. It’s good when parents think about this even when planning a pregnancy: vaccination in this case is as successful as possible. Immunity expectant mother strengthens, and the baby is no longer in danger. Moreover, pregnancy after rubella vaccination proceeds calmly, without complications or pathologies.

Vaccines

There are several types of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. They depend on the type of viruses included in the vaccine. All of them are of high quality, safe, effective and interchangeable. In addition, there are:

• three-component vaccine - a preparation containing three types of viruses;
• dicomponent - a combined vaccine against any two diseases;
• monocomponent - a vaccine against only one infection.

Depending on the country of origin, domestic and imported drugs are distinguished.

1. Domestic

• dignity: prepared from Japanese quail eggs;
• flaw: There are no three-component drugs, so the injection has to be done twice.

1. Imported

• dignity: easy to use, as it is three-component;
• flaw: not always accessible to the common man;
• brands: MMR-II (America, Holland), Priorix (Belgium); "Ervevax" (England).

Comprehensive triple vaccination measles, rubella, mumps is designed to protect against potentially dangerous infections for children and adults.

Hello, our dear readers. In this article you will get acquainted with such a complex vaccination as CCP, and also find out how the child’s body reacts to the administered vaccine, and what consequences may appear after such vaccination.

Let's talk about these diseases

1. compared to its vaccine partners, it is the most dangerous, as well as the most contagious, not only in our country, but throughout the world. In 0.5% of cases, the disease causes the development of encephalitis, which can end in fatal. Significantly reduces immunity, which is why the course of the disease is often accompanied by secondary infections. The consequences may be the development of hepatitis and panencephalitis.

Vaccines

In our country there is no combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella, so parents choose foreign analogues, such as Priorix, Ervevax, MMR.

Parents should know that all reactions that appear after the administration of the vaccine can occur on the fifth and even fifteenth day. Such a slowdown indicates a delayed effect, because vaccines contain at least live, but greatly weakened viruses.

The body's reactions to the administration of this vaccine can be divided into local and general.

Among the locals there are:

1. Swelling of the injection site.
2. Soreness.
3. Hyperemia at the injection site.

Typically, this reaction occurs in only 10% of vaccinated children.

General reaction:

1. Hyperthermia. It can be observed a week or even two after vaccination. It can jump up to 39 degrees. Characteristic of 15% of vaccinated children.
2. Skin rashes. They have a pinkish or reddish tint. On average, it occurs in 10% of children.
3. Cold symptoms.
4. Enlargement of the parotid glands (and salivary glands). Can be one-sided or two-sided.
5. A serious allergic reaction if your baby is allergic to neomycin, egg white, or other components of the vaccine.

As you may have noticed, such reactions are observed on average in 15% of vaccinated children.

After the first MCP vaccination, my neighbor’s daughter’s temperature rose to 38.6 degrees on the tenth day and lasted for two days. The lymph nodes were also slightly enlarged. On the second day they called an ambulance, they were so scared. Since the baby was clearly not feeling well, she was given an antipyretic injection. The temperature did not rise anymore, the lymph nodes returned to normal.

Reaction to the anti-mumps component

As a rule, due to the penetration of live but weakened mumps viruses into the baby’s body, they are practically not observed specific reactions. If something appears, it does not appear earlier than after a week and intensifies after two.

What can be observed:

1. Enlargement of the lacrimal and parotid glands, but not severe. Within three days after vaccination.
2. A short-term increase in temperature, but insignificant.
3. Sore throat, runny nose.

The component aimed at counteracting mumps infection has virtually no complications, and these occur extremely rarely:

1. Intoxication of the body. It can appear either a week or two after vaccination. Hyperthermia is characteristic, and the state of health changes dramatically.
2. Penetration of the virus into the baby’s nervous system. Symptoms of meningitis are typical: headaches, photophobia, convulsions, weakness, nausea.
3. Serious allergic reactions, mainly in children who are allergic.

The measles virus has the highest reactogenicity of the MMR vaccine.

The effect of the vaccine is manifested by body responses that are considered side effects, but do not require special treatment. The measles component may manifest itself as:

1. Slight swelling and hyperemia are acceptable. Can last up to two days.
2. Appetite may decrease and sleep may deteriorate.
3. Cough.
4. Increase in temperature. It can be either insignificant, around 37.3, or more serious, over 38.6 degrees.
5. Nosebleeds are extremely rare.
6. A rash is possible, but also in very rare cases. By external symptoms resembles the development of measles. First of all, they form on the head, then on the torso, and only then on the limbs. Has a reddish or pinkish tint.

1. Development convulsive syndrome and encephalitis.
2. Severe intoxication of the body. It can last longer than five days, with a temperature of about 38.6, characterized by weakness, rash, enlarged lymph nodes, and sore throat.
3. Even anaphylactic shock may occur due to an allergy to the components of the measles vaccine.

This component is also represented by live, but weakened viruses. There are practically no reactions to the introduction of this component:

1. Slight enlargement of lymph nodes.
2. Hyperemia of the injection site.
3. The temperature can last up to two days, but it remains lower than 37.6 degrees.
4. Severe pain in the joints, even with no load, in rare cases, arthralgia.
5. Rash in the form of purple spots.

Complications almost never occur. However, although very low, the probability exists:

1. Anaphylactic shock.
2. Deafness.
3. Guillain-Barre syndrome.
4. Erythema.
5. Polyneuritis, optic neuritis.

Contraindications

If it is necessary to carry out any vaccination, you must remember existing contraindications. There are cases when parents themselves do not know that their baby has a disease that can provoke the development adverse reactions, and may even cause complications. In any case, you need to familiarize yourself with the list of conditions that are unacceptable during vaccination. There are temporary and permanent contraindications.

Temporary:

1. Allergy to kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin, egg white.
2. Quincke's edema.
3. Reported complications after primary vaccination.
4. The presence of malignant tumors.
5. Thrombocytopenia.
6. Immunodeficiency.
7. HIV infection.

After reading this article, you learned what viral diseases The action of the MMR vaccine is directed. You also learned how infection with these diseases threatens a child’s health. Do not forget that after vaccination they can develop both normal reactions (in response to the introduction of foreign agents), the body actively produces antibodies that do not require special treatment, and pathological ones, the development of which requires urgent consultation with a doctor. I wish that your baby’s vaccination went without consequences.

Childhood infections measles, rubella and mumps (also known as mumps) are viral diseases and therefore highly contagious. These ailments are often severe and can also lead to dangerous complications. To prevent them, children are vaccinated. By using complex vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, an immunobiological drug is introduced into the child’s body, which promotes the development of immunity to these three infections. Let's look at when the vaccine is given, what are the possible reactions and complications after it.

When and how are PDAs made?

It is very important to vaccinate MMR in childhood. People who have these diseases during adolescence may have problems with reproductive function. This especially applies to boys. Adults suffer from childhood illnesses very hard and often suffer serious complications, such as myocarditis, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and pneumonia.

Children are vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps twice: the first time at 1 year and the second at 6 years. The vaccine is administered twice, since some children do not develop full immunity to these infections after the first vaccination.

Then, at the age of 15-17 years, a revaccination of MMR is given. This prevents young men from becoming infected with the mumps virus, which is most dangerous at this age. In addition, MMR revaccination prolongs protection against rubella for girls who may become expectant mothers in the coming years. As is known, rubella is very dangerous during pregnancy, since its causative agent has a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

MMR vaccine injections are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. As a rule, children under three years old are given an injection in outer part hips, and for older children - into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder. The vaccine is not injected into the muscles of the buttocks.

Reaction to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine

MMR is a delayed vaccine vaccine reaction. This is explained by the fact that the drug contains live, but very weakened pathogens of measles, mumps and rubella. After hitting human body these viruses begin to develop, provoking a reaction immune system, the peak of which occurs 5-15 days after the injection.

Reactions to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are conventionally divided into local and general. Local symptoms include tightness and pain at the injection site, light infiltration fabrics. Usually local reactions After vaccination, CCP develops within 24 hours and goes away on its own within 2-3 days.

General reactions to the MMR vaccine occur in 10-20% of children. Most often they are manifested by an increase in body temperature, skin rashes, cough and runny nose. Sometimes there is an increase or pain in the cervical, jaw and parotid lymph nodes, pain in joints and muscles, redness of the throat.

After vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, the child’s body temperature can rise to high values, sometimes reaching 39-40ºC. However, in most cases it rises to low-grade levels. In this situation, the fever does not help the child’s immune system, so it is better to bring it down. As an antipyretic for small child You should choose drugs based on paracetamol or ibuprofen, preferably in the form of syrups or rectal suppositories.

Skin rashes after PDA are most often localized on the face, neck, behind the ears, arms, buttocks and back. At the same time, the rash spots are very small, Pink colour. As a rule, the rash does not require treatment and goes away on its own.

Complications and consequences of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Experts note that the only possible consequence of the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is reactive arthritis. It usually develops in the presence of a predisposition, which is formed after rheumatism suffered in early childhood.

Complications of MMR vaccination are rare. They can manifest themselves in the following conditions and diseases:

• Allergic reactions ( large swelling at the injection site, urticaria, anaphylactic shock, exacerbation of existing allergies);
• Pneumonia;
• Aseptic serous meningitis;
• Encephalitis (develops in children with weak immunity or having pathologies of the nervous system);
• Abdominal pain;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle);
• Acute toxic shock syndrome.

It should be noted that such a complication of vaccination against measles, rubella and otitis media as acute toxic shock syndrome is usually caused by contamination of the vaccine material with microorganisms (most often staphylococcus).

To avoid complications of MMR vaccination, some precautions should be taken. Thus, children who have a tendency to allergic reactions, simultaneously with the introduction of the vaccine, antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs are prescribed. Children with damage to the nervous system are recommended to start taking medications on the day of vaccination to prevent exacerbation of the disease. If your child is often sick colds, to prevent vaccination complications, the doctor may prescribe general strengthening drugs, for example, Interferon.

Contraindications to the MMR vaccine

All contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are divided into temporary and permanent. Temporary conditions include those conditions or diseases, after normalization (cure) of which vaccination can be carried out. This is, first of all, acute periods diseases or administration of blood products. 4.8 out of 5 (23 votes)

The formation of human immunity begins from the first days of his life. Therefore, in order to avoid severe complications caused by various infectious diseases, children receive a range of vaccinations, repeating the vaccination several times throughout their lives according to a special schedule.

Immunization in most cases is accompanied by some discomfort. The use of complex vaccines is considered advisable, since in this case the child experiences discomfort once, and not several times. Measles, rubella, mumps vaccine is one of these combination vaccines. Further in the material we'll talk about what the body's normal reaction is and what possible side effects can be expected from the vaccine, as well as how to prepare for vaccination and what precautions to take after immunization.

IN medical institutions Russia has an official schedule for vaccinations against various diseases.

In particular, a child is first vaccinated against mumps, measles and rubella at 12 months, then at 5 and at 10-12 years. Adults are vaccinated between the ages of 22 and 29, and then repeated every 10 years.

If the child has not been vaccinated MMR vaccine up to 13 years of age, then the vaccination is given at any age, and then the next vaccination is performed at 22 years of age and further according to the schedule.

When are children vaccinated against rubella?

Many so-called “childhood” diseases, in particular rubella, measles and mumps, are much milder at a young age than at an adult age. Moreover, an adult who becomes ill may face very serious complications. This should be remembered by all parents who refuse to vaccinate their children based on their fears and speculation.

Most dangerous disease Measles is considered from this complex. If you do not start immunizing a child from the first year of his life, then death from measles occurs with a 10% probability. Sick adults who have not received timely vaccination experience the disease very seriously. There is also a high percentage of deaths among them.

It is noteworthy that infants born to mothers with immunity from measles also have antibodies to this disease up to 12 months. If a child without immunity is infected, pneumonia, severe otitis media, bleeding and thrombocytopenia, seizures and other consequences may develop.

Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women, since in the first trimester it most often leads to miscarriage, stillbirth, and developmental defects.

A timely vaccination against mumps for children will help avoid such serious complications as serous meningitis, diabetes or even infertility, which is likely if a child gets mumps during adolescence.

That is why it is very important to start immunization from the first year of a child’s life and repeat revaccination according to the vaccination schedule.

What are the benefits of vaccination

Despite the fact that there are many directly opposing opinions regarding the benefits of immunization, it is useless to argue with obvious facts. For example, vaccination against measles, according to the World Health Organization, has reduced mortality by more than 79%. And the incidence of mumps and rubella decreased by 10%. Thus, more than 20 million children have already been saved from death, not to mention preventing complications.

Of course, vaccination of children is carried out voluntarily - no one has the right to force parents to agree to immunize their child. If they agree, then options are possible here too. You can choose a complex vaccine, then the measles, mumps vaccination without rubella is done, and you can also choose mono-vaccines. But in any case, it is worth remembering the consequences.

Vaccination for adults - for or against

Immunization against mumps, measles and rubella for adults who were not sick in childhood or were not previously vaccinated is carried out in two stages. A person is given 2 injections of the vaccine with an interval of 1 month, and then the vaccination is repeated every 10 years.

Some doctors believe that vaccination against mumps and measles provides immunity for 20-30 years. Therefore, repeated revaccination can be done with a single-component rubella vaccine, which is valid for no more than 10 years. However, this fact is not 100% accurate. Therefore, it is recommended to repeat immunization with a three-component vaccine. In any case, there will be no harm from this.

Vaccination measles rubella mumps, how to prepare for vaccination

It is important to properly prepare for any vaccination in order to avoid future unpleasant consequences and complications from the procedure.

Preparation for vaccination includes the following activities:

• You should start taking antiallergic medications 2-3 days before the procedure and continue for a week;
• it is important to refuse new products - not to introduce them into the child’s diet;
• you need to take urine and blood tests in advance;
• it is worth purchasing painkillers and antipyretics;
• Be sure to consult with a pediatrician, informing him about the child’s ailments, if any.

According to general rule, vaccination of a child is postponed if he had any ailments the day before. Vaccination measles rubella mumps with a runny nose or low temperature(up to 37.5°) is given to a child only for certain indications, for example, in contact with sick children

What vaccines are used for measles, rubella, mumps?

Any measles, rubella, mumps vaccine, for which you can choose a variety of vaccines, contains weakened live viruses or their combined analogues. One or another vaccine option is selected based on the patient’s age.

Vaccines differ in the number of components:

1. The three-component drug contains all three types of viruses and allows the patient to develop immunity to three infectious agents at once.
2. A two-component vaccine can be used against measles-mumps or measles-rubella. The missing component is administered by an additional injection, but into another part of the body.
3. Monocomponent serums provide immunity only against one disease - mumps, rubella or measles. These vaccines cannot be mixed with each other, so injections are given in different parts of the body.

Serum of domestic production

In Russia, only a two-component vaccine against rubella and mumps is produced. It does not contain anti-measles serum. However, the drug is different high quality and efficiency, can compete imported analogues. Vaccination against measles when used domestic drug performed by a separate injection of a one-component serum.

Imported drugs

Imported vaccines for measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations are easy to use and of high quality. However, they are not purchased in domestic clinics; such a drug will have to be purchased independently.

The most popular options for imported vaccines are:

• MMR-II. The vaccine provides immunity against measles-rubella-mumps in 98% of cases. Do not use during pregnancy, with AIDS, if you are allergic to egg whites and during exacerbation of acute and chronic diseases.
• Priorix. Vaccine from Belgium. Approved for use by people of any age - children and adults. It is effective and has a minimum of adverse reactions.
• Ervevax. A one-component anti-rubella drug that builds immunity in 15 days. Provides protection for 16 years. The serum can be used simultaneously with vaccines against measles and mumps, ADS, and DPT.
• Rudivax. Rubella vaccine. Antibodies are formed within 15 days. Immunity lasts for 20 years. Suitable for both children and adults.

When and where to get vaccinated against rubella, mumps and measles

To protect a child from diseases such as measles, rubella, mumps, the vaccination calendar suggests primary vaccination at approximately 12-15 months. However, the first vaccination does not fully protect the baby from infection.

Vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are repeated after 5 years. In this case, immunity protects children from infection by almost 90%, and the effect lasts for many years.

Any serum, whether domestic or imported, can be administered either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. For children over 1 year of age, injections are recommended to be given in the anterolateral top part thighs, since there is too much fatty tissue on the buttocks - they reduce the effectiveness of the serum.

For patients over a year old For teenagers and adults, injections are given into the deltoid muscle of the arm.

What is a normal reaction to a vaccine?

Sometimes immunization against measles, rubella and mumps is not accompanied by unpleasant sensations and malaise. However, even the appearance of some changes in the child’s condition can be considered normal.

The following reactions to the vaccine are considered normal:

• slightly swollen and sensitive skin at the injection site;
• temperature rise to 37-37.5 ℃ within 5 days after vaccination;
• mild joint pain;
• cough and headaches;
• rash on the palms, neck and cheeks - a rather rare reaction to the causative agent of measles;
• nervousness and moodiness.

Actions in case of adverse reactions

The reaction to the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine can vary significantly among different children. For some it appears almost instantly, for others it occurs 5-10 days after the injection. If a child’s illness falls within the normal range, you just need to provide him comfortable conditions, give plenty of water and do not overfeed.

In cases where a severe rash appears all over the body, the temperature rises, vomiting and diarrhea begin, as well as in the case of allergies or neurological signs, you should immediately call a doctor or take the child to the hospital. Under no circumstances should you try to treat it yourself.

While waiting for the doctor, you can give your child an antipyretic drug in suppositories or suspension - Panadol or Nurofen. Vinegar compress helps lower high temperature(about 40℃). You need to dissolve 1 tbsp. vinegar in 1 glass of water, moisten gauze with this mixture and apply to the child’s forehead and calves. The compress needs to be changed every 3-5 minutes.

Based on the child’s condition, the doctor decides on hospitalization or prescribes treatment.

Actions for severe complications:

• anaphylactic shock - an adrenaline injection is prescribed;
• breathing problems, heart failure and fainting - urgently hospitalized;
• severe rash and itching - antiallergic drugs are prescribed (Cetrin, Suprastin and others).

In case of minor deviations from the norm - an increase in temperature to 39 ℃, headaches and muscle pain, swelling and redness of the injection site, it is recommended to take NSAIDs, for example Ibuprofen. The reason for a second visit to the doctor will be the persistence of symptoms for more than 2 days after the start of treatment.

How to behave and whether you can go for a walk after vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

Vaccination is always associated with a certain stress for the body, so after vaccination you should be extremely careful and follow some rules:

Be that as it may, there is no need to be afraid of vaccination. It is advisable to consult your pediatrician in advance about possible consequences and purchase a number of first aid medications.