home Audience 3 Cyanosis: what is it, causes, symptoms and forms, treatment. Nasolabial triangle - a special place on a person's face

Cyanosis: what is it, causes, symptoms and forms, treatment. Nasolabial triangle - a special place on a person's face

Moms and dads of newborns often note that their babies turn blue nasolabial triangle. Moreover, this condition can be observed not only in babies who have deviations in the work of the nervous, cardiovascular and other body systems, but also in perfectly healthy babies.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle baby caused by a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood. The medical name for this phenomenon is cyanosis. An oxygen saturation of 95% is considered normal, however, with crying or a strong cry, its value can drop to 92%. Conventionally, such a level of oxygen in the blood can be attributed to pathological conditions.

Blue nasolabial triangle in a healthy baby

In the first month of a child's life, the blue of the nasolabial triangle often appears in the baby. It occurs with prolonged crying or screaming, due to which there is a lack of oxygen in the blood of the child. Such cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle is also called cyanosis, which is of a pulmonary nature. Gradually, the child grows and matures, the functioning of his organs, vessels and systems improves, and such cyanosis completely disappears. In the case when the blueness of the nasolabial triangle persists in the baby after several months of life, this should be reported to the pediatrician. There is no need to hope that the situation will resolve itself, because cyanosis can be caused by any pathology.

Another reason that the baby has a blue nasolabial triangle lies in the too transparent and thin skin in this place. Through it, the plexus of veins can shine through, which gives the skin a slight bluish tint. If Blue colour nasolabial triangle is associated with this point, then no treatment is required, since the child is healthy.

Blue nasolabial triangle in the patient's infant

The blue color of the nasolabial triangle can take on as a result of serious pathologies of the respiratory tract. This phenomenon may be one of the symptoms of pneumonia and other severe ailments respiratory organs. In such cases, in addition to the cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, the baby has hard breath with shortness of breath, having a pronounced paroxysmal character, pallor skin And so on. If left untreated and the course of the disease worsens, the attacks of shortness of breath become stronger, and the change in skin color is more noticeable. This state of affairs can be colds viral or bacterial.

Another pathology leading to a blue nasolabial triangle in an infant is the presence of a foreign object in the respiratory system. If such symptoms were not observed before, the baby’s breathing is difficult, then it is urgent to call an ambulance, as well as examine the child for foreign bodies in the respiratory tract.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle in infants with pathology

The most common pathological cause the blue of this area is a congenital heart defect. This is how heart failure can manifest itself. acute form and malformation pulmonary artery. However, only specialists can make all these diagnoses, therefore, if you suspect the presence of such pathologies, you should consult a doctor. He should be sure to report the appearance of the blue of the nasolabial triangle in the baby, especially if it persists for a sufficiently long time.

To the complex diagnostic measures with cyanosis, ultrasound of the heart, ECG, as well as an x-ray chest. With the exclusion of a possible heart disease, the baby is prescribed a consultation with a neurologist.

In most cases, when visiting this doctor, insufficient development of the respiratory system in the baby is revealed. To cope with such a problem, you need to walk more with the child and give him a massage course. Usually when proper care by the first birthday of the baby, all symptoms disappear, and the problem disappears. But this does not mean that you can independently diagnose and self-medicate. In any case, if the nasolabial triangle turns blue in the baby, you should inform your pediatrician about this and go through the course of examination prescribed by him.

cyanosis - clinical sign a number of pathologies in which the skin of patients acquire a blue color. The reason for such changes is the accumulation in the blood of deoxyhemoglobin - hemoglobin, which gave oxygen to the tissues. Blood depleted of oxygen becomes dark, translucent through the skin and makes it cyanotic. This is most clearly seen in places with thinned skin - on the face and ears.

Cyanosis occurs in individuals with circulatory disorders leading to generalized or local hypoxemia.

With insufficient blood supply to the capillaries, acrocyanosis develops, which is manifested by cyanosis of the skin of the fingers and toes, the tip of the nose. This term is translated from ancient Greek stands for "dark blue limb".

The severity of cyanosis varies from barely noticeable cyanosis to purple skin. Temporary cyanosis occurs when excessive physical activity, persistent cyanosis - with long-term cardiac or pulmonary diseases.

Classification

Central cyanosis is diffuse in nature and the maximum severity. It develops with weak blood arterialization, leading to hypoxia. In the lungs, gas exchange is disturbed, in arterial blood an excess of carbon dioxide accumulates, which is clinically manifested by blue conjunctiva of the eyes, palate, tongue, mucous membranes of the lips and cheeks, and facial skin. Qualitative and quantitative changes in hemoglobin in the blood lead to a violation of its transport function and hypoxia.

Acrocyanosis is localized on the feet, hands, nose, ears, lips. Peripheral cyanosis is considered a normal variant in the first days of a newborn's life. Its origin is easily explained by the incompletely eliminated germinal type of blood circulation, especially in premature babies. The cyanosis of the skin is aggravated by swaddling, feeding, crying, and anxiety. When infant fully adapts to the outside world, cyanosis will disappear.

Acrocyanosis in adults is a sign of arteritis.

Cyanosis happens:

Permanent and transient, occurring with low blood glucose or inflammation of the meninges,

Total or general

Regional or local: perioral, distal,

isolated.

Local cyanosis develops in places with the largest number blood vessels, perioral - around the mouth, periorbital - around the eyes. Cyanosis of any part of the human body can appear with pulmonary and cardiac pathologies.

There are several types of cyanosis by origin:

Respiratory type due to an insufficient volume of oxygen in the lungs and a violation of the transport chain of its supply to cells and tissues. It develops when there is a complete or partial violation movement of air through the respiratory tract.

cardiac type- insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues leads to oxygen deficiency and blue skin.

cerebral type develops when the blood loses its ability to attach oxygen to hemoglobin and deliver it to brain cells.

metabolic type develops when there is a violation of the absorption of oxygen by tissues.

Respiratory cyanosis disappears 10 minutes after oxygen therapy, all other types persist for a long time. Massage of the earlobe helps to get rid of acrocyanosis.

Etiology

With dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels, the blood cannot fully deliver oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body, which leads to the development of hypoxia. At the same time, cyanosis appears against the background of fatigue, fatigue, headache, insomnia, chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and disorientation.

Cyanosis is a clinical sign various diseases internal organs:

Heart and blood vessels -, varicose disease and atherosclerosis,

Blood - and

Respiratory system - pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleurisy, pulmonary edema, bronchiolitis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, infections, COPD, pulmonary emphysema, breath holding, croup, foreign bodies, inflammation of the epiglottis,

Poisoning with poisons or medicines - nitrites, phenacetin, nitrobenzene-containing drugs, sulfonamides, aniline, sedatives, alcohol,

drug overdose,

that last a long time

Anaphylactic shock, angioedema,

food poisoning,

Especially dangerous infections- cholera, plague,

Small intestine carcinoid.

There are congenital familial forms of methemoglobinemia with autosomal recessive inheritance.

At healthy people cyanosis can occur during hypothermia, in high altitude conditions, in a stuffy unventilated room, during a flight without oxygen equipment.

Symptoms

characteristic areas of cyanosis

Cyanosis is a symptom of life-threatening diseases. With central cyanosis, the skin of the periorbital and perioral region first turns blue, then it spreads to areas of the body with the thinnest skin. Peripheral cyanosis is most pronounced in areas remote from the heart. It is often associated with swelling and swelling of the neck veins.

Depending on the time of occurrence, cyanosis is acute, subacute and chronic.

cyanosis does not negative impact on general well-being patients, but in combination with other signs of the underlying pathology becomes a reason for going to the doctor. If cyanosis occurs suddenly, grows rapidly and has a significant degree of severity, then it requires emergency care.

Cyanosis, depending on the etiology of the disease, is accompanied by various symptoms: strong cough, weakness, fever and other signs of intoxication.

Cyanosis at bronchopulmonary diseases manifests as a purple tint to the skin and mucous membranes and is combined with shortness of breath, wet cough, fever, sweating, moist rales. These symptoms are characteristic of an attack bronchial asthma, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, pneumonia. With PE, intense cyanosis develops against the background of chest pain and shortness of breath, and when it is combined with hemoptysis. Sharp cyanosis and severe shortness of breath are signs of tuberculosis and lung carcinomatosis. Patients with similar symptoms require urgent hospitalization and respiratory resuscitation.

In heart disease, cyanosis is one of the main symptoms. It is combined with shortness of breath, characteristic auscultatory data, wet rales, hemoptysis. Cyanosis with heart defects is accompanied by secondary erythrocytosis, an increase, and the development of capillary stasis. Patients develop deformity of the fingers according to the type drumsticks and nails like watch glasses.

cyanosis in a newborn with a heart defect and the characteristic structure of the fingers of an adult with an untreated defect

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle in a child occurs both in the norm and in pathology. In newborns, the skin is so thin that blood vessels can be seen through it. Severe, persistent cyanosis requires urgent referral to a pediatrician.

cyanosis is not subject special treatment. When it appears, oxygen therapy is carried out and the main treatment is enhanced. Therapy is considered effective in reducing the severity of cyanosis and its disappearance.

In the absence of timely and effective treatment diseases manifested by cyanosis, patients develop a disorder nervous system, the general resistance of the body decreases, sleep and appetite are disturbed, severe cases the person may go into a coma. This condition requires the provision of emergency medical care in the intensive care unit.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of diseases manifested by cyanosis begins with listening to complaints and taking an anamnesis. The patient is found out when the cyanosis of the skin appeared, under what circumstances cyanosis arose, whether it is permanent or paroxysmal. Then determine the localization of cyanosis and specify how its shade changes during the day.

After talking with the patient, general inspection, establish the severity of his condition and the presence concomitant diseases. The doctor performs auscultation of the heart and lungs.

Then they move on to the laboratory instrumental methods research:

General blood test,

Analysis of the gas composition of arterial blood,

- a pulse oximeter is put on the patient's finger, which determines the saturation of the blood with oxygen in a few seconds,

Determination of blood flow velocity

Examination of the functions of the heart and lungs,

The study of gases of exhaled air - capnography,

electrocardiography,

X-ray of the chest,

Computed tomography of the chest,

Cardiac catheterization.

Features of treatment

Treatment of cyanosis is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease that provoked blue skin. If the patient becomes difficult to breathe, the respiratory rate exceeds 60 breaths per minute, he sits hunched over, loses his appetite, becomes irritable and does not sleep well, you should consult a doctor.

If cyanosis of the lips, palpitations, fever, cough, blue nails and difficulty breathing appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Oxygen therapy

Oxygen therapy can reduce the blueness of the skin. Blood oxygen saturation is achieved by using an oxygen mask or tent.

IN complex treatment respiratory and accompanied by hypoxia, oxygen therapy is mandatory. Breathing oxygen through a mask helps improve general state and well-being of patients. Cyanotic seizures during exercise physical work or on the background of fever, disappear after a short inhalation of oxygen.

The closed oxygen tent is the most expedient method of oxygen therapy, allowing you to adjust the gas mixture and the pressure of the injected oxygen. Oxygen can also be administered through an oxygen tank, mask, pillow, or tube. Centralized oxygen supply is carried out when using artificial ventilation lungs.

An oxygen cocktail eliminates cyanosis and other consequences of hypoxia. It improves the quality of life for many patients, restores strength, saturates cells with oxygen, improves metabolism, attention and reaction speed. An oxygen cocktail is a thick foam filled with oxygen molecules. With the help of a special oxygen cartridge, juices, fruit drinks and syrups are enriched with oxygen not only in medical institutions, but also at home.

Currently, oxygen concentrates produced in Europe, America and Asia are very popular. They are highly reliable, stable in operation, almost silent, and have a long service life. Portable oxygen concentrates, which provide patients with the comfort of moving and maintaining a mobile lifestyle, deserve special attention.

Medical treatment

Drug therapy is aimed at improving the supply of oxygen to the body and its delivery to the tissues. To do this, patients are prescribed drugs that enhance pulmonary and cardiac activity, normalize blood flow through the vessels, improve rheological properties blood, enhancing erythropoiesis.

To reduce the cyanosis of the skin, patients are prescribed:

If the cause of cyanosis is heart disease, it is often possible to get rid of it only with the help of surgery.

Oxygen cocktails are also taken to prevent hypoxia in people at risk and with chronic heart and lung diseases. To improve the quality of life and prevent the onset of old age, you should follow the elementary rules and recommendations: treat chronic diseases in time, healthy lifestyle life, a lot of walking on fresh air, keep your health and love yourself.

Video: about heart defects - the cause of cyanosis in infants

In the photo, blueing is caused by bronchiolitis - inflammation of the smallest bronchi, which is accompanied by respiratory failure. The disease itself usually disappears in 2-3 weeks, but you need to monitor the child's breathing.

Parents of newborns, as well as children of the first year of life, can often observe a blue nasolabial fold or nasolabial triangle in their baby. Both absolutely healthy children and those suffering from certain diseases of organs and systems can face a similar phenomenon.

Normal performance blood oxygen saturation should be at least 95%. The crying and screaming of a child is a stressful situation for child's body, resulting in a decrease in this indicator to 90-92% ( critical level). It is the drop in the oxygen saturation of the blood that causes the blue area of the nasolabial triangle in children. different ages.

Below, the main causes of the physiological and pathological blue of the nasolabial region in children of different ages will be described in detail.

Physiological blue

From the moment of birth and in the first 2-3 weeks, a newborn baby may experience a blue nasolabial triangle, which occurs against the background of insolvency respiratory system. This condition is especially pronounced during the screaming and crying of the child, when there is a drop in the oxygen saturation of the body. In the process of growing up similar phenomenon passes on its own.

If the blue of the nasolabial triangle does not disappear on its own after 2-3 weeks from the moment the child is born, then this is a good reason to seek medical advice. It should be borne in mind that such a condition can threaten not only the health, but also the life of the child, so postponing medical examination unacceptable.

Long and complicated childbirth can also provoke a blue nasolabial triangle in a newborn. The reason for this may be short-term hypoxia ( oxygen starvation) of the child's body in the process of passing through the birth canal.

Another reason for the physiological blueness of the nasolabial triangle in children may be the increased transparency of the skin in this area, especially in newborns. Through thin skin, vascular (venous) plexuses can be seen, giving a blue tint.

Pathological blue

One of probable causes given state may be a disease of the respiratory system of the child. As an example, one can single out acute bronchitis and inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia). As additional symptoms in these diseases, pallor of the skin of the child, shortness of breath and shortness of breath, as well as coughing fits can be observed. The more pronounced such symptoms, the more intense the blueness of the nasolabial triangle in the baby. Appearance this feature in a child of 3 years old, it can be observed both with untimely diagnosed cardiac pathology and with diseases of the respiratory system.

foreign body in the respiratory tract can also cause this condition.

Special attention you should also pay attention to the temperature of the child's body, since hypothermia can provoke cyanosis (blue) in this area.

For more serious reasons given symptom include congenital malformations of the heart and large vessels (pulmonary artery), as well as the phenomenon of heart failure. Accurate diagnosis similar states only possible with the use of a special medical equipment, and with the participation of qualified medical professionals.

many medical specialists it was noted that the blueness of the nasolabial triangle in a child associated with malformations of cardio-vascular system accompanied by the appearance of blue in the region of the orbital cavities, which is not observed with lung pathology.

The reason for an urgent visit to the doctor is the presence of blue for 3 weeks from the moment of birth, and at the moments of complete rest of the child.

Diagnostics

The main methods for determining malformations of the heart is ultrasonography, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray. Subject to the exclusion of pathologies from the cardiovascular system, a pediatrician may recommend additional consultation pediatric neurologist. During this consultation and additional methods research, the child can be diagnosed with various disorders of the respiratory system.

Prevention of the formation of deviations from the cardiovascular system in a child begins even in the period of intrauterine development. A woman's compliance with the prescribed regimen during pregnancy (cessation of smoking and drinking alcohol, good nutrition) is a guarantee of reducing the risk of developing undesirable consequences.

Treatment of cyanosis (blue) of the nasolabial triangle in children is permissible only after an accurate determination true reason. In case of exclusion of heart defects, the child can be recommended only a general strengthening massage, walks in the fresh air, as well as water procedures.

The most common congenital defect heart is 'open oval window”, a pathology in which there is a mixing of arterial and venous blood in the child's body. result this process is a persistent oxygen starvation of the whole organism. If the blueness of the nasolabial triangle has arisen against the background of this defect, then the child needs the following regimen:

daily long walks in the fresh air;
full restriction stressful situations;
complete and proper nutrition.

The appearance of cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle can be observed in children of 5 years old, when the defect was not diagnosed immediately after birth.
If this symptom is present in children 1-3 months of age, parents should adhere to the following tactics:

Seek advice from your pediatrician regarding possible cause the appearance of blue, as well as get a referral for an examination.
To get a consultation pediatric cardiologist for the purpose of excluding congenital pathology heart and blood vessels.
Get a consultation with a pediatric neurologist in case of exclusion of cardiac pathology.

Timely application for medical care and carrying out the necessary medical measures is the key to a positive outcome of this process.

Cyanosis in medicine is called blue in any part of the skin. The change in the color of the skin in a child from pink to cyanotic is associated with the state of the capillary network located in the blue area.

Normally, the nasolabial triangle (the area of skin between the wings of the nose and upper lip) must be of the same color as the skin of the whole body.

Up to a year, the cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle occurs both in healthy children and in sick children.

Why does the nasolabial triangle turn blue in healthy children?

1. In newborn babies, due to the peculiarity of the pulmonary system, while crying, the amount of oxygen in the blood decreases. It is quite natural that the skin of a child turns blue. This symptom goes away as the child grows older and the lung function improves.

2.Thin and bright skin The child has. In children with such skin, the vessels are located very close to the surface and shine through the skin, thereby frightening the mother with blue.

Head injury.

Parents need to remember that the vessels of the nasolabial triangle are directly related to the blood supply to the brain.

If your baby was born entwined with the umbilical cord, the child has a marbled skin tone, the baby does not sleep well, cries a lot, then this is a reason for more careful observation of the skin color of the nasolabial triangle. If the mother is worried about the blueness under the nose of the baby, then it is best to consult a pediatrician, cardiologist and neurologist.

And finally, it is better to be known as an anxious mother by doctors than to miss a serious pathology in a child.

Blueing caused by a network of capillaries can occur gradually, or it can develop quite abruptly. Impairment caused by health problems is often accompanied by other symptoms. Blue skin mainly indicates improper gas exchange in the lungs, pathologies of the cardiovascular system or other disorders in the patient's body.

Most often, signs of the disease are observed on the protruding parts of the body: lips, tip of the nose, phalanges of the fingers. Usually they are combined with other symptoms and appear at a severe stage of the disease.

Causes of the disease

With a change in the composition of the blood, namely with an increase in the amount of deoxyhemoglobin (hemoglobin deprived of oxygen), skin color changes. The blood, almost devoid of oxygen, becomes darker and translucent through the skin. The normal concentration of hemoglobin is 3 g/l. If it becomes more than 30 or 50 g / l, this disease occurs.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle in a child indicates that the baby may suffer from neuralgia, heart or lung disease. In an adult, such a triangle appears as a result of diseases of the respiratory system or due to cardiovascular insufficiency.

Note. Not always bluish color skin around the mouth and nose small child speaks of the presence serious reasons Because children's skin is very thin, the venous plexuses are highly visible.

What else causes the development of cyanosis

Cyanosis can develop anywhere on the body, but most of all it is observed in the region of the nasolabial triangle. Some patients suffer from this disease only in the cold season. It happens that the appearance of symptoms begins in a person who has been on the bed for a long time. high altitude. The lack of oxygen in the air affects the body in this way.

The nasolabial triangle is more noticeable in children early age. In adults, the symptom appears in case of a serious condition. In some patients, it manifests itself as a result of poisoning, diphtheria, asthma, tuberculosis, thrombophlebitis.

cyanosis in a newborn

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle is very common in an infant. The weakest cyanosis, which manifests itself when the baby is crying, is of a respiratory origin (the child inhales little oxygen, but exhales a lot). Blueness in this area during stress or screaming is considered the norm.

Other causes of blue skin in the area of the nasolabial triangle, which is considered the norm:

Superficial vessels in a child expand, becoming more visible during breastfeeding.
With hypothermia, which can occur during dressing or bathing. But after warming the baby, the color of his skin above the upper lip returns to the previous one.

A serious threat to the life and health of the child is any violation of the function of the cardiovascular activity and respiratory organs, which are manifested by the same symptom.

Attention. If, after the nasolabial triangle turns blue, its color does not return to normal after some time, and blue fingers and the tip of the tongue are also observed, it is necessary to seek help from a medical institution.

Types of disease

Variants of the algorithm for the development of cyanosis of the lips divide it into 3 pathological groups:

The constant type has a central origin. In addition to the cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, it is characterized by a sluggish sucking reflex. Pathology occurs as a result of proper development any parts of the brain, increased intracranial pressure or trauma during childbirth.
Respiratory nature of the disease. Additional symptoms this group:

pale skin color;
blue in the eye area;
when inhaling, small intercostal muscles are drawn in.

This type includes lung diseases(pneumonia, runny nose, bronchial asthma).

Cardiovascular type of pathology. The child has been suffering since birth. The cause is congenital heart disease.

Baby health analysis

To recognize pathology, parents should observe their child. What excludes pathology:

during the onset of cyanosis, there is no cough, breathing is not difficult;
development and growth of the child correspond to age;
the color of the skin around the mouth and on other parts of the body does not differ and has a normal appearance;
the baby is active, not lethargic;
no heart murmurs.

Important. You should not hesitate in the event of a rapid blue nasolabial triangle. An urgent consultation with a doctor is required.

Actions for the appearance of cyanosis in a child

Procedures that are usually prescribed by a doctor:

Ultrasound of the heart muscle;
chest x-ray;
electrocardiogram .

For complete examination the baby needs to visit a neurologist. It is very important to maintain in the apartment comfortable conditions, because it mandatory requirement for proper development. Temperature and humidity must comply with the regulations. It is necessary to regularly walk with him in the fresh air.

Daily massage stimulates the activity of the nervous system and normalizes the work of the respiratory department.

Treatment of cyanosis

To determine the exact cause of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a professional examination. Each patient has his individual characteristics, in view of which a certain type of examination is assigned. It can be various studies heart, lungs, or bloodstream.

The most common type of treatment is oxygen inhalation, which allows enriching the blood with oxygen. Good result gives special massage, but at chronic disease given treatment won't solve the underlying problem.

Traditional medicine methods

The treatment process should proceed from the origins of the disease. In the fight against cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle during intoxication, it is necessary to use substances that can remove toxins. For this, a decoction of viburnum is suitable. A liter of water must be poured over the leaves or fruits of the plant and boiled for one hour. Strained drink should be taken in between meals in small portions.

Alternative methods should be used only after the appointment of the main treatment. If the development of cyanosis is accompanied by difficulty breathing and chest pain, you should immediately call a doctor.

cyanosis does not cause pain but is a symptom of some disease. For treatment, it is necessary to establish its cause. Often cyanosis occurs as a manifestation serious illnesses so the patient may need to be hospitalized. In order to prevent, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle.