home Audience 3 Products that do not contain bread units. Bread units for diabetes: how many are possible and how to calculate them correctly

Products that do not contain bread units. Bread units for diabetes: how many are possible and how to calculate them correctly

Bread units - These are units of measurement of carbohydrate intake for patients with diabetes. What are grain units and why are they needed? Let's close another one White spot in our knowledge about diabetes mellitus In this article. Good health to everyone! Today I decided to talk about the mysterious bread units, which many have heard about, but not everyone has any idea what they are. I won’t lie, before even for me it was a real dense forest. But everything fell into place over time. Once again I am convinced that everything comes with experience.

So, bread units are mainly used by patients with type 1 diabetes, but this does not mean that they cannot be used by patients with type 2. To put it simply in simple words, a bread unit is a standard for measuring the amount of carbohydrates consumed. In short, this indicator is also called XE.

Let me start with the fact that each product consists of fats, proteins, carbohydrates and ballast substances, which can, for example, include fiber. For a patient with diabetes, one component is important - carbohydrates, which directly increase blood sugar levels. Proteins and fats can also increase sugar levels, since they are substrates for the synthesis of carbohydrates already inside the body. But this process is long and in some patients it does not matter, especially in children. Although not everyone thinks so, and I will tell you about it someday, so

Why are grain units grain

This unit is called a bread unit because it is measured by a certain volume of bread. 1 XE contains 10-12 g of carbohydrates. Exactly 10-12 g of carbohydrates are contained in half a piece of bread, cut 1 cm wide from a standard loaf. If you start using bread units, I advise you to decide on the amount of carbohydrates: 10 or 12 grams. I took 10 grams in 1 XE, it seems to me that it’s easier to count. Thus, any product containing carbohydrates can be measured in bread units. For example, 15 g of any cereal is 1 XE, or 100 g of an apple is also 1 XE.

How to calculate how much XE is in a certain product? Very simple. Each product package contains information on the composition. It indicates how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are contained in 100 g of this product. For example, we take a package of bread, it states that 100 g contains 51.9 carbohydrates. Let's make a proportion:

100 g of product - 51.9 g of carbohydrates

X gr. product - 10 g carbohydrates (i.e. 1 XE)

It turns out that (100*10)/51.9 = 19.2, i.e. 19.2 g of bread contains 10 grams. carbohydrates or 1 XE. I’m already used to counting like this: divide 1000 by the amount of carbohydrates of this product in 100 g, and it turns out as much as you need to take the product so that it contains 1 XE.

There are various ready-made tables that indicate the volume of food in spoons, glasses, pieces, etc., containing 1 XE. But these numbers are imprecise and approximate. So I calculate the number of units for each product. I calculate how much product you need to take, and then weigh it on a culinary scale. I need to give my child 0.5 XE of an apple, for example, I measure 50 g on the scales. You can find a lot of such tables, but I liked this one, and I suggest you download it.

TABLE OF COUNTING BREAD UNITS (XE)

1 BREAD UNIT = 10–12 g carbohydrates

* Raw. Boiled 1 XE = 2-4 tbsp. spoons of product (50 g) depending on the shape of the product.

* 1 tbsp. spoon of raw cereal. Boiled 1 XE = 2 tbsp. spoons of product (50 g).

FRUITS AND BERRIES (WITH SEEDS AND SKINS)		1 XE = amount of product in grams
	Apricots
1 piece, large
1 piece (cross section)

1 piece, medium	Orange
1/2 piece, medium
7 tablespoons	Cowberry
12 pieces, small	Grape

1 piece, medium
1/2 piece, large	Grapefruit
1 piece, small

8 tablespoons

1 piece, large
10 pieces, medium	Strawberry
6 tbsp. spoons	Gooseberry
8 tbsp. spoons
1 piece, small
2-3 pieces, medium	Tangerines
1 piece, medium
3-4 pieces, small
7 tbsp. spoons	Currant
1/2 piece, medium
7 tbsp. spoons	Blueberries, black currants
1 piece, small

* 6-8 tbsp. spoons of berries, such as raspberries, currants, etc., correspond to approximately 1 glass (1 tea cup) of these berries. About 100 ml juice (no added sugar, 100% natural juice) contains approximately 10 g of carbohydrates.

You will find it tedious and difficult. This is true at first, but after a few days of constant training you begin to remember, and you no longer need to count, but only weigh a certain amount of food on the scales. After all, we basically consume the same set of products. You can even create such a table of constant products yourself.

What are bread units for?

Therefore, it turns out that everyone has their own dose of insulin, but an approximate coefficient can be calculated. What kind of coefficient this is and how to calculate it, I will tell you in another article, which will be devoted to selecting the dose of insulin. Bread units also allow us to estimate how many carbohydrates we consume per meal and throughout the day.

If you have diabetes, this does not mean that you need to completely deprive yourself of carbohydrates, because we need them so that the body receives energy to survive. If, on the contrary, we overeat carbohydrates, then knowledge about XE will not harm us at all. Each age has its own norm for carbohydrate consumption.

Below I provide a table that shows at what age how much carbohydrates should be consumed in bread units.

So, for adults with type 2 diabetes who are not taking insulin, counting bread units is also needed to know if you are overeating carbohydrates. And if this is the case, then you should reduce your consumption to age norm taking into account body weight.

Let's say everything is clear with type 1 diabetes. What about type 2 diabetics? Suppose you have already calculated how much you eat at each meal during the day, and this number is more than the norm, and then the sugars are not very good. How to apply this knowledge in practice? This is where you can “play” with the amount of carbohydrates, starting to reduce them or replace them with foods with low glycemic index. By the way, I already wrote about the glycemic index and even gave you a table to download in the article. You can, of course, count with spoons, cut bread by eye, etc., but the result will be inaccurate, today they cut so much, and tomorrow it will be different.

Everything is clear here. You had 25 XE per day, remove 5 XE and see what happens, not right away, but over several days. However, do not change the mode physical activity and taking medications.

It seems that this is all I wanted to say about bread units. I tried to explain to you about them, but if you don’t understand something, then ask in the comments. I would like to know your opinion about the article, was this knowledge useful to you? Will you use them in the future?

In the treatment of diabetes mellitus along with drug therapy It is very important to adhere to the basic rules of balanced nutrition and control the amount of carbohydrates consumed. At first glance, for a person suffering from diabetes, the issue of calculating carbohydrate content looks very difficult. However, this is not as scary as it seems. All that is needed is knowledge about grain units. Let us try to figure this out.

Definition

Bread units are a conventional measure for calculating the amount of carbohydrates in food. This recalculation technique was first used by German nutritionists and soon spread throughout the world. Today, this is a universal scheme not only for people suffering from diabetes, but also for those who monitor their diet and figure.

It is believed that one unit of bread contains 12 grams of carbohydrates. In order for the body to absorb just one such unit, it will need to use almost 1.5 (1.4) units of insulin.

Many may have the following question: “Why exactly bread units, and not dairy units, for example, or meat units?” The answer is simple: nutritionists chose as a basis the most common and standardized food product, regardless of the country of residence - bread. It was cut into pieces 1*1 cm. The weight of one was 25 grams, or 1 bread unit. In addition, this particular product, like no other, can be called carbohydrate.

Counting bread units

The basic rule of nutrition for diabetics is to control the amount of carbohydrates eaten and their correct redistribution throughout the day. It is this component that is the most important, since it is mainly carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones, that cause an increase in blood sugar levels. Correctly identifying bread units in type 2 diabetes is just as important as in type 1 diabetes.

To keep your sugar levels within the required range, this category people use insulin and glucose-lowering drugs. But their dosage should be selected taking into account the idea of the carbohydrates eaten, since without this it is difficult to adequately reduce sugar levels. If there is a discrepancy, you can even cause harm by driving yourself into a hypoglycemic state.

In order to create a menu based on the amount of carbohydrates contained in certain products, you need to know how many bread units are in them. This value is individual for each product.

On this moment The calculation algorithms are simplified as much as possible, and along with the table values, there are online diabetic nutrition calculators. They are not only easy to use, but also take into account a number of associated factors (the patient’s weight and height, gender, age, activity and severity of work performed during the day). This is really important, because if a person moves little, then he daily requirement in bread units should not exceed fifteen, in contrast to patients with heavy physical labor (up to 30 per day) or average (up to 25).

Important: one unit of bread increases the amount of sugar in the bloodstream by 1.5-1.9 mmol/l. This ratio helps you more accurately select the required dose of insulin based on the amount of carbohydrates eaten.

Tabular presentation of grain units

The easiest way is to determine the number of bread units in a meal of finished factory products. Each package indicates the total weight and carbohydrate content per 100 grams. Thus, this amount must be divided by 12 and converted to the full dose in the package.

Bread units for diabetics should be distributed evenly throughout the day, according to physiological standards insulin production. Considering the recommended five meals a day, the scheme has next view based on the number of bread units per meal:

For one meal, it is permissible to take seven bread units. More than half daily dose It is better to consume before noon. Next, let's look at how bread units are calculated for diabetes. The table of milk and dairy products is presented below.

Milk and dairy products must be present in the diet, since they are an irreplaceable source of animal protein and a number of vitamins and microelements, primarily calcium, vitamin B (B2) and vitamin A. It is better to use skim or low-fat milk. If you are not a fan of this product, then by adding just a few pieces of your favorite fruit or berries, you will get a tasty and healthy cocktail.

It should be clarified why the table of bread units for diabetes does not contain cheese and cottage cheese. The fact is that if they are consumed without sugar and sour cream, then they do not need to be taken into account.

Bread and bakery products

Two to three spoons (15 grams) of raw vermicelli (corns, noodles), depending on its size, contains one bread unit.

Many people have probably noticed that the table of bread units for diabetics does not contain data for such integral products in the human diet as meat and fish. These products contain little or no carbohydrates, so you need to pay attention and count bread units of products in the preparation of which other carbohydrate-containing components were used (eggs, flour, milk, crackers, etc.).

In the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus, it is porridge that takes the leading place. Amount of carbohydrates in ready dish does not depend on the cooking method (boiled or steamed porridge). The number of bread units in both crumbly and liquid porridge will also be equal. Consistency only affects the rate of absorption of carbohydrates. Therefore, if a person experiences hypoglycemia, it is better to eat liquid semolina porridge, and if the blood sugar level is elevated, then preference should be given to crumbly. The following is a table of bread units contained in cereals.

	Quantity containing 1 bread unit (in grams)
buckwheat (1 tbsp)
boiled corn (half a cob)
canned corn (3 tbsp)
corn flakes (2 tbsp)
semolina (1 tbsp)
oatmeal (1 tbsp)
pearl barley (1 tbsp)
millet (1 tbsp)
rice (1 tbsp)
flour (1 tbsp)

Recalculation is given for raw cereals. If it's porridge ( boiled kind), then one bread unit is equal to 50 grams of product, or 2 tablespoons.

One medium boiled potato (65-70 grams) contains 1 bread unit. The same amount is determined in two tablespoons mashed potatoes(75 grams) and 35 grams fried potatoes(2 tbsp).

Bread units for diabetes. Table of berries and fruits

	1 grain unit in grams of unrefined and pitted product
apricots (3 pcs.)
quince (1 pc.)
pineapple circle (1 pc.)
orange (1 pc.)
orange slice (1 pc.)
half a banana
grapes (12 pcs.)
cherry (15 pcs.)
pomegranate (1 pc.)
pear (1 pc.)
piece of melon (1 pc.)
8 tbsp. raspberries


7 tbsp currants
half a persimmon

One hundred milliliters of natural freshly squeezed juice without added sugar contains an average of 10 grams of carbohydrates, so it is better to eat fruits rather than make juice from them. If you want to drink vitamin drink, then it’s better to squeeze juice out of vegetables. Carrot, beet, cucumber, cabbage, etc. juice are very healthy. To improve the taste of a vegetable drink, you can add a large number of juice from your favorite fruit.

Please note: despite the fact that beets and carrots are quite sweet vegetables, they are not only possible, but also necessary to eat, since they consist mainly of fiber.

It is more convenient to count berries not in pieces, but in glasses. One glass contains on average 200 grams and is equal to one unit of bread.

It should be noted that the variety of fruits and berries only gives different taste qualities (sour, sweet, bitter), but does not in any way affect the carbohydrate content in them. Therefore, it is a mistake to think that one sweet product equal to several sour.

One bread unit is contained in three medium carrots (200 g), one beet (150 g), seven tablespoons of fresh peas (100 g), three tablespoons of boiled beans (50 g) and 70-90 grams of nuts.

Sweets

People suffering from diabetes understand the meaning of the phrase “ the Forbidden fruit sweet." It is this category that is most often prohibited for them. Although, knowing the content of grain units in individual products, you can please yourself and delicious dessert, for example, ice cream. This is one of the delicacies that contains only two units of bread per 100 grams. When choosing which ice cream to eat - fruit or cream, you need to remember that the former contains more juice (frozen water), and, therefore, is absorbed faster and causes an increase in blood sugar levels. While creamy ice cream is richer, carbohydrates are absorbed more slowly and do not cause a spike in blood glucose.

Sugar and its equivalent in bread units

1 bread unit contains twenty grams of dark chocolate, one tablespoon of honey and fruit jam. Bread units in the amount of one piece also correspond to 20 grams of dried apricots, prunes, raisins and dates. And the volumes of drinks of a similar composition, equal to 1 XE:

kvass - 1 glass;
soda (sweet) - 0.5 cups;
vegetable juices - 2.5 cups;
fruit juices - 0.5 cups.

Any table of bread units for type 1 and type 2 diabetics is the same.

Alcohol

This category of drinks is extremely undesirable for consumption by people suffering from diabetes. But if you still have to drink alcoholic drinks, then you need to know which ones are less harmful and contain fewer carbohydrates. Undoubtedly, the lower the strength of the drink, the better for health. For diabetics, it is important to pay attention to the sugar content of the drink. Thus, it is not recommended to drink champagne and other types of wines containing more than five percent sugars.

It is better to give preference to dry table wines. A single dose of such alcohol should not exceed 150 grams. But it is better to avoid beer altogether, since it contains a large amount of maltose, which is quickly absorbed by the body and causes a hyperglycemic state.

It is necessary to strictly dose the intake of strong alcoholic drinks. The maximum permissible dose is 75 grams. Large doses are strictly prohibited, since this not only puts an additional burden on the diseased pancreas, but can also lead to an uncontrolled hypoglycemic state. Scientifically proven and confirmed by many life situations that a person suffering from diabetes, having consumed an excessive amount of alcohol, falls into a hypoglycemic coma a few hours after the feast. The danger of this condition also lies in the fact that it usually happens outside the home (on the street, in public transport or at a party), and it is even more dangerous in a dream.

Example of XE calculation

To correctly calculate the bread units in a finished dish, you need to know the recipe (all ingredients included in the composition) and have a table of bread units with a calculator on hand.

9 tablespoons of flour (one spoon contains one bread unit, therefore, there are also nine of them in this volume);
1 glass of skim milk (one bread unit);
a tablespoon of refined oil (no bread units);
egg (does not contain XE).

Having made the dough from this set of ingredients, you have baked ten pancakes, i.e. one pancake contains one bread unit.

You should also pay attention to what kind of carbohydrates are contained in the foods you eat. There are two main types of carbohydrates: sugars and starches. The first type includes easily digestible sugars, since they consist of small molecules and are absorbed quite quickly during digestion, thereby rapidly increasing the level of glucose in the blood. Sugar, honey, juices, and beer are rich in such carbohydrates. But starches are found to a greater extent in cereals, flour products, corn and potatoes. They have a lesser sugar-increasing effect.

The bread unit table is most important for type 1 diabetics, but this does not mean that patients with type 2 diabetes cannot use it. By counting the amount of carbohydrates eaten per day, they can adjust their diet in accordance with the conversion to bread units, and after a few days they can feel the results of proper nutrition.

The process of counting bread units may seem complicated, but everything becomes clear when you begin to put the knowledge into practice. After just a few days, you will not notice how you will begin to convert products into bread units, without even using tabular data, because, in fact, the diet will consist of familiar and repeating ingredients.

Standards

The norm of carbohydrates (in bread units) depending on age:

5 years - 12-13 per day;
6-9 years - 15 per day;
10-15 years old - 20 per day (for boys);
10-15 years old - 17 per day (for girls);
16-18 years old - 21 per day (for boys);
16-18 years old - 18 per day (for girls);
older - up to 22 per day.

Conclusion

Thus, carbohydrates, being the main element that contributes to increasing the level of glucose in human blood, must be constantly monitored by people suffering from diabetes. For convenient calculation of their absorption, bread units are used. Knowing how many of these units you consumed, you can easily calculate the amount of insulin or glucose-lowering tablets that is needed to compensate for your glucose level and maintain it within the required limits.

In addition, bread units will help make your diet not only balanced, but also varied. You can easily replace some foods with others, knowing their carbohydrate equivalence.

The most important component of treatment for patients with diabetes is nutrition. Its basic rules for diabetes are regular meals, exclusion of quickly absorbed carbohydrates from the diet, and determination of the calorie content of foods. To solve these problems, endocrinologists created the term bread unit and developed tables of bread units.

Specialists in therapeutic nutrition It is recommended that the daily menu for this category of patients be composed of 55%-65% slowly absorbed carbohydrates, 15%-20% proteins, 20%-25% fats. Bread units (XE) were invented specifically to determine the amount of carbohydrates consumed.

Tables of bread units for diabetics reflect the carbohydrate content of various foods. When creating this term, nutritionists took as a basis Rye bread: a piece of it weighing twenty-five grams is considered to be one bread unit.

Why do we need tables of bread units?

The goal of therapy for patients with diabetes is to imitate the natural release of insulin by selecting doses and lifestyle so that the glycemic level is close to accepted norms.

Modern medicine offers the following insulin treatment regimens:

Traditional;
Multiple injection regimen;
Intense.

When calculating the dose of insulin, you need to know the amount of XE based on the carbohydrate foods being calculated (fruits, dairy and grain products, sweets, potatoes). Vegetables contain difficult-to-digest carbohydrates and do not play a significant role in raising glucose levels.

In addition, constant monitoring of blood sugar (glycemia) is needed, which depends on the time of day, nutrition and level of physical activity of the diabetic patient.

The intensive insulin therapy regimen provides for the main (basic) administration of long-acting insulin (Lantus) once a day; against this background, doses of additional (bolus) injections are calculated, which are administered immediately before the main meals or thirty minutes before. Insulins are used for this purpose. short acting.

For each bread unit contained in the planned menu, it is necessary to enter (taking into account the time of day and glycemic level) 1 unit of insulin.

Requirement by time of day on 1XE:

It is necessary to take into account baseline sugar content, the higher it is, the more dose drug. One unit of insulin action is capable of utilizing 2 mmol/l of glucose.

Physical activity matters - playing sports reduces glycemic levels every 40 minutes physical activity an additional 15 g of easily digestible carbohydrates is required. When glucose levels are reduced, the insulin dose is reduced.

If a patient is planning a meal, intends to eat 3 XE worth of food, and the glycemic level 30 minutes before a meal corresponds to 7 mmol/l, he needs 1 unit of insulin to reduce glycemia by 2 mmol/l. And another 3 units - to digest 3 bread units of food. He must administer a total of 4 units of short-acting insulin (Humalog).

The diet of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who have learned to calculate the dose of insulin according to XE using tables of bread units may be more free.

How to calculate bread units for diabetes

With a known mass of the product and the carbohydrate content per 100 grams, the number of bread units can be determined.

For example: a package of cottage cheese weighing 200 grams, 100 grams contains 24 grams of carbohydrates.

100 grams of cottage cheese - 24 grams of carbohydrates

200 grams of cottage cheese - X

X= 200 x 24 / 100

X = 48 grams of carbohydrates are contained in a pack of cottage cheese weighing 200 grams. If 1XE contains 12 grams of carbohydrates, then a pack of cottage cheese contains 48 / 12 = 4 XE.

Thanks to bread units, you can distribute the required number of carbohydrates per day, this allows you to:

Eat a varied diet;
Do not limit yourself in food by choosing balanced menu;
Keep glycemic levels under control.

On the Internet you can find diabetic nutrition calculators that can be used to calculate daily ration. But this activity takes a lot of time; it’s easier to look at tables of bread units for diabetics and choose a balanced menu. The amount of XE required depends on body weight, physical activity, age and gender of the person.

Required daily amount of XE for patients with normal body weight

Obese patients need low calorie diet, individual expansion of physical activity. The daily caloric intake of food should be reduced to 1200 kcal, and the number of bread units consumed should be reduced accordingly.

For overweight

It is generally accepted that the average number necessary products per day can be 20-24XE. You need to distribute this volume over 5-6 meals. The main meals should include 4-5 XE, the afternoon snack and second breakfast – 1-2 XE. It is not recommended to eat more than 6-7XE products at one time.

If you are underweight, it is recommended to increase the amount of XE to 30 per day. Children 4-6 years old need 12-14 XE per day, 7-10 years old are recommended 15-16, from 11 to 14 years old - 18-20 bread units (for boys) and 16-17 XE (for girls). Boys from 15 to 18 years old need 19-21 bread units per day, girls two less.

The diet should be balanced, adequate to the body's needs for proteins and vitamins. Its peculiarity is the exclusion of easily digestible carbohydrates.

Requirements for the prepared diet:

Eating foods containing dietary fiber: rye bread, millet, oatmeal, vegetables, buckwheat.
The daily distribution of carbohydrates, fixed in time and quantity, is adequate to the dose of insulin.
Replacement of easily digestible carbohydrates with equivalent products selected according to tables of bread units for diabetics.
Reducing the proportion of animal fats by increasing the amount of vegetable fats.

Patients with type 2 diabetes also need to use bread unit tables to prevent overeating. If you notice that foods containing harmful carbohydrates are in excess of the acceptable limits, you need to reduce their consumption gradually. You can do this for 7-10 days, 2XE per day, bringing it to the required norm.

Tables of bread units for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Endocrinological centers have calculated tables of bread units in popular products based on the content of 12 grams of carbohydrates in 1 XE. We present some of them to your attention.

Juices

Product	Volume ml	HE
Grapefruit	140	1
Red currant	240	3
Apple	200	2
Blackcurrant	250	2.5
Kvass	200	1
Pear	200	2
Gooseberry	200	1
Grape	200	3
Tomato	200	0.8
Carrot	250	2
Orange	200	2
Cherry	200	2.5

Juices can be consumed in compensated forms of diabetes of the first and second types, when the glycemic level is stable, no sharp fluctuations in one direction or another.

Product	Weight g	HE
Blueberry	170	1
Orange	150	1
Blackberry	170	1
Banana	100	1.3
Cranberry	60	0.5
Grape	100	1.2
Apricot	240	2
A pineapple	90	1
Pomegranate	200	1
Blueberry	170	1
Melon	130	1
Kiwi	120	1
Lemon	1 medium	0.3
Plum	110	1
Cherry	110	1
Persimmon	1 medium	1
Cherries	200	2
Apple	100	1
Watermelon	500	2
Black currant	180	1
Cowberry	140	1
Red currants	400	2
Peach	100	1
Mandarin	100	0.7
Raspberries	200	1
Gooseberry	300	2
Strawberries	170	1
Strawberry	100	0.5
Pear	180	2

Product	Weight g	HE
Sweet pepper	250	1
Fried potato	1 tbsp	0.5
Tomatoes	150	0.5
Beans	100	2
White cabbage	250	1
Beans	100	2
Jerusalem artichoke	140	2
Zucchini	100	0.5
Cauliflower	150	1
Boiled potatoes	1 medium	1
Radish	150	0.5
Pumpkin	220	1
Carrot	100	0.5
cucumbers	300	0.5
Beet	150	1
Mashed potatoes	25	0.5
Peas	100	1

Dairy products should be eaten daily, preferably in the afternoon. In this case, you should take into account not only the bread units, but also the percentage of fat content. Low-fat fermented milk products are recommended for diabetic patients.

Product	Weight g/Volume ml	HE
Ice cream	65	1
Milk	250	1
Ryazhenka	250	1
Kefir	250	1
Syrniki	40	1
Curdled milk	250	1
Cream	125	0.5
Sweet curd mass	200	2
Dumplings with cottage cheese	3 pcs	1
Yogurt	100	0.5
Cottage cheese casserole	75	1

When consumed bakery products you need to pay attention to the weight of the product, weigh it on electronic scales.

Bakery products

Product	Weight g	HE
Butter buns	100	5
White savory bread	100	5
Pancakes	1	1
Black bread	100	4
Bagels	20	1
Borodino bread	100	6.5
Gingerbread	40	1
Crackers	30	2
Bran bread	100	3
Pancakes	1large	1
Crackers	100	6.5
Dumplings	8pcs	2

Product	Weight g	HE
Pasta, noodles	100	2
Puff pastry	35	1
Popcorn	30	2
Cereals	20 raw	1
Wholemeal flour	4 tbsp	2
Millet	50 boiled	1
Barley	50 boiled	1
Dumplings	30	2
Rice	50 boiled	1
Fine flour	2 tbsp	2
Manna	100 boiled	2
Baked dough products	50	1
Pearl barley	50 boiled	1
Rye flour	1 tbsp	1
Wheat	100 boiled	2
Muesli	8 tbsp	2
Buckwheat	50 boiled	1

For diabetes mellitus, it is recommended to replace animal fats with vegetable ones.. This product can be consumed as vegetable oils– olive, corn, flax, pumpkin. Oil is squeezed from nuts, pumpkin seeds, flax, and corn.

Diabetics with both the first and second types of the disease have to count carbohydrates in food. To make this task easier, it was developed special measure— grain units (XE). Initially they were used for patients receiving insulin. Tables of bread units in a variety of products make it much easier to calculate the dose of the hormone.

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Now this value is actively used for type 2 diabetics: it helps not to exceed the maximum permissible norm carbohydrates per day, distribute them evenly across all meals. The undoubted advantage of using XE is the ability to “by eye” assess the potential impact of a carbohydrate product on glycemia.

What are grain units and who needs them?

People with diabetes are forced to strictly control the regularity of their meals, daily activity, and the amount of carbohydrates in their meals. Activities common for healthy people, for example, visiting a cafe, turn into a lot of difficulties for them: what dishes to choose, how to determine their weight and predict a possible rise in sugar? Bread units simplify these tasks, as they allow you to visually, without scales, determine the approximate carbohydrate content of food. If we cut a centimeter piece from an ordinary loaf of bread and take half of it, we get one XE.

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Diabetes is the cause of almost 80% of all strokes and amputations. 7 out of 10 people die due to blockages in the arteries of the heart or brain. In almost all cases, the reason for such a terrible end is the same - high sugar in blood.

You can and should beat sugar, there is no other way. But this in no way cures the disease itself, but only helps fight the consequence, not the cause of the disease.

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Getting rid of high blood pressure – 92%
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Some carbohydrates, the so-called dietary fiber, do not increase blood sugar, so it is advisable to subtract them when calculating bread units.

1 XE contains 12 grams of carbohydrates, including fiber. Products without dietary fiber or with minimal fiber content are converted into bread units based on the ratio of 10 g of carbohydrates - 1 XE.

In some countries, for example, the USA, 1 XE is taken to be 15 g of carbohydrates. To avoid confusion, you need to use tables from only one source. It is better if it indicates the method of calculation.

At first, diabetics feel that using bread units only complicates the already difficult calculation of insulin. However, over time, patients become so accustomed to operating with this value that, without any tables, they can tell how many carbohydrates are in their favorite dishes, barely looking at the plate: XE is equal to 2 tablespoons of French fries, a glass of kefir, a serving of ice cream or half a banana.

Vegetables		XE in 100 g	Quantity in 1 XE
cabbage	cabbage white	0,3	cup	2
	Beijing	0,3	cup	4,5
	color	0,5	head of cabbage	15
	Brussels	0,7	head of cabbage	7
	broccoli	0,6	PC	1/3
onion	leek	1,2		1
onion	onion	0,7		2
cucumber	greenhouse	0,2		1,5
cucumber	ground	0,2		6
potato		1,5		1 small, 1/2 large
carrot		0,6		2
beet		0,8		1,5
Bulgarian pepper		0,6		6
tomato		0,4		2,5
radish		0,3		17
black radish		0,6		1,5
turnip		0,2		3
zucchini		0,4		1
eggplant		0,5		1/2
pumpkin		0,7	cup	1,5
green pea		1,1		1
Jerusalem artichoke		1,5		1/2
sorrel		0,3		3

Dairy

Milk in different types for diabetes mellitus, it should be present in the diet daily. Dairy products are a storehouse of easily accessible proteins, an excellent prevention of diabetic osteoarthropathy. To reduce the total calorie intake and the amount of saturated fat in it, preference should be given to fermented milk products low fat, but not completely fat free. For type 2 diabetes, they should not contain sugar.

Grains and cereals

Despite the fact that all cereals contain a lot of carbohydrates, they cannot be excluded from the diet. Cereals such as pearl barley, brown rice, rolled oats, and buckwheat have a lesser effect on glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. The healthiest baked goods are rye and bran bread.

Product		XE in 100 g	XE in 1 cup of 250 ml
cereal	buckwheat	6	10
	pearl barley	5,5	13
	oatmeal	5	8,5
	semolina	6	11,5
	corn	6	10,5
	wheat	6	10,5
rice	white long grain	6,5	12,5
	white medium grain	6,5	13
	brown	6,5	12
beans	white fine	5	11
	white large	5	9,5
	red	5	9
oatmeal flakes		5	4,5
pasta		6	depending on the shape
peas		4	9
lentils		5	9,5

Bread per grain unit:

20 g or a slice 1 cm wide of white,
25 g or 1 cm slice of rye,
30 g or 1.3 cm slice of bran,
15 g or a 0.6 cm slice of Borodinsky.

Fruits

Most fruits are allowed for diabetes. When choosing, pay attention to their glycemic index. Black currants, plums, cherries and citrus fruits will cause a smaller rise in sugar. Bananas and melons contain a lot of easily accessible sugars, so if you have type 2 and uncompensated type 1 diabetes, it is better not to indulge in them.

The table shows information for whole, unpeeled fruit.

Product	XE in 100 g	for 1 XE
Product	XE in 100 g	unit	Quantity
apple	1,2	things	1
pear	1,2		1
quince	0,7		1
plum	1,2		3-4
apricot	0,8		2-3
strawberry	0,6		10
cherries	1,0		10
cherry	1,1		15
grape	1,4		12
orange	0,7		1
lemon	0,4		3
mandarin	0,7		2-3
grapefruit	0,6		1/2
banana	1,3		1/2
pomegranate	0,6		1
peach	0,8		1
kiwi	0,9		1
cowberry	0,7	tablespoons	7
gooseberry	0,8		6
currant	0,8		7
raspberries	0,6		8
blackberry	0,7		8
a pineapple	0,7	—
watermelon	0,4	—
melon	1,0	—

Juices

Rule for diabetics: if you have a choice, fruit or juice, choose fruit. It contains more vitamins and slower carbohydrates. Industrial sweet sodas, iced tea, and nectars with added sugar are prohibited.

The table shows data for 100% juices without added sugar.

Confectionery

Any sweets are allowed only when stable flow Type 1 diabetes mellitus. They are contraindicated for diabetics with type 2 disease, as they will inevitably cause a strong increase in glucose. For dessert, dairy products are preferred in combination with fruit; sweeteners can be added.

It is undesirable to use special confectionery for diabetics. They replace sugar with fructose. Such sweets increase glycemia more slowly than usual, but with frequent use negatively affect the condition of the liver.

The concept of carbohydrates

The carbohydrate component of food is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels. But not all carbohydrates can cause an equally rapid rise in glycemia; some foods with carbohydrates do not raise blood sugar at all.

There are digestible and indigestible carbohydrates. Indigestible substances are divided into soluble and insoluble. For a diabetic, it is important to pay attention specifically to indigestible soluble carbohydrates, or dietary fiber, because they:

create a feeling of satiety;
stimulate the digestive system;
do not increase blood sugar;
reduce cholesterol levels.

To such products rich dietary fiber, relate:

Carbohydrates have another quality that not only patients with diabetes need to know about – speed of absorption. There are fast carbohydrates that can instantly cause an increase in glycemia (high glycemic index), and there are slow carbohydrates that increase sugar smoothly and gradually (low glycemic index). A person with type 1 or type 2 diabetes needs to include slow and indigestible carbohydrates in the menu.

be careful

According to WHO, every year 2 million people die from diabetes and its complications around the world. In the absence of qualified support for the body, diabetes leads to various kinds of complications, gradually destroying the human body.

The most common complications are: diabetic gangrene, nephropathy, retinopathy, trophic ulcers, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Diabetes can also lead to the development cancerous tumors. In almost all cases, a diabetic either dies fighting a painful disease or becomes a real disabled person.

What should people with diabetes do? The Endocrinological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences succeeded make a remedy completely cures diabetes mellitus.

Currently taking place Federal program "Healthy nation", within the framework of which every resident of the Russian Federation and the CIS this drug issued FOR FREE. Detailed information, look at official website MINISTRY OF HEALTH.

Source diabetsaharnyy.ru

We all know about the existence of slow and fast carbohydrates. We also know that fast ones provoke sharp jumps blood sugar levels, which should not be allowed by a person with diabetes. But how can you make friends with carbohydrates? How to subjugate these difficult products and make them benefit the body and not harm it?

It's hard to calculate just like that the necessary norm carbohydrates consumed when they all have different composition, properties and calorie content. In order to cope with this difficult task, nutritionists came up with a special bread unit. It allows you to quickly calculate carbohydrates in a variety of foods. The name may also be different, depending on the source. The words “replacement”, “starch”. unit" and "carb. unit" mean the same thing. Further, instead of the word combination “bread unit”, the abbreviation XE will be used.

Thanks to the introduced XE system, many people suffering from diabetes, especially insulin diabetes, and simply those who are watching their weight or losing weight, have found it much easier to deal with carbohydrates, accurately calculating their daily intake for themselves. The XE system is not difficult to master. You will be able to competently plan your daily menu.

Our readers write

Subject: Conquered diabetes

From: Lyudmila S ( [email protected])

To: Administration my-diabet.ru

At the age of 47, I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In a few weeks I gained almost 15 kg. Constant fatigue, drowsiness, feeling of weakness, vision began to fade. When I turned 66, I was already steadily injecting myself with insulin, everything was very bad...

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So, one XE is 10-12 grams of digestible carbohydrates. A unit is called a bread unit, since this is exactly how much one piece of bread contains if you cut a piece from a whole loaf, about 1 cm thick, and divide it into 2 parts. This part will be equal to HE. It weighs 25 grams.

Since the CE system is international, it is very convenient to navigate the carbohydrate products of any country in the world. If somewhere there is a slightly different number for the XE designation, about 10-15, this is acceptable. After all exact number can't be here.

With the help of XE, you don’t have to weigh food, but simply determine the carbohydrate component by eye.

XE is not only a definition for bread. You can measure carbohydrates this way with anything – cups, spoons, pieces. The more convenient it will be for you to do this.

Source diabetof.ru

When creating the term “bread unit”, nutritionists took as a basis the most regular product- bread.

If you cut a loaf of bread (“brick”) into the most standard pieces (1 cm thick), then exactly half of such a piece, which weighs 25 g, will be equal to 1 bread unit.

A diabetic should always have a table of bread units on hand, which indicates how much carbohydrate is in a particular product, equivalent to 1 XE (12 g of carbohydrates). For each product, carbohydrates were calculated and replaced with XE. Such tables have long been developed and are the basis for creating a menu for the day. In the event that this table is not at hand, and you are standing in a store and don’t know what is best to choose, then you can easily calculate how much XE is in the product.

You look at the label, which indicates the amount of carbohydrates per 100 grams of product. After this, you need to divide this value by 12 (1 XE = 12 grams of carbohydrate, as you remember). The resulting figure is the number of bread units per 100 grams of product. Now all that remains is to simply weigh the product that you will consume and count XE in this amount.

You need to calculate it like this: for example, 100 grams of cookies contains 50 grams of carbohydrates. 50 must be divided by 12 to determine XE, the result is 4. If you are going to eat 150 grams of this cookie, then in total you will consume 6 XE. It is for this amount that you need to calculate how much insulin you will need.

Source diabetdieta.ru

The fun begins when you need to create a menu based on what is known about foods for diabetes. How to correctly calculate all other indicators - many get lost, but everything is extremely simple. The main thing is to have special scales and a table of bread units at hand. So, the basic rules boil down to the following:

If you have diabetes, it is advisable to eat no more than seven XE per meal. In this case, insulin will be produced at an optimal rate;
The consumption of one XE increases the concentration of glucose in the blood, as a rule, by 2.5 mmol per liter. This makes measurements easier;
one unit of this hormone reduces the blood glucose ratio by approximately 2.2 mmol per liter. However, it is necessary to use and remember that there is a table of bread units every day.

You should also remember that for one XE, which should be counted, in different times day and night, different dosage ratios are required. Let's say in morning time one such unit may require up to two units of insulin, at lunchtime - one and a half, and in the evening - only one.

Source diabetikum.ru

XE in products

There are several more rules that allow you to count XE.

When drying bread and other products, the amount of XE does not change.
Use pasta It is better to use wholemeal flour.
When preparing pancakes and pancakes, count EXE for the dough, and not for the finished product.
Cereals have the same amount of XE, but give preference the better, which have a lower glycemic index, more vitamins and fiber, for example, buckwheat.
There is no XE in meat and dairy products, such as sour cream and cottage cheese.
If bread or breadcrumbs are added to the cutlets, then it can be estimated at 1 XE.

Source diabetdieta.ru

Diabetes mellitus and bread units (video):

Below is a table of bread units for basic food products.

Bread units in cereal and flour products

The product's name	Amount of product in 1 XE
White bread or wheat bread for toast	20 gr
Black bread	25 gr
Rye bread	25 gr
Wholemeal bread with bran	30 gr
Rolls	20 gr
Crackers	2 pcs
Breadcrumbs	1 tbsp. spoon
Crackers	2 pcs big size(20 gr)
Unsweetened dryers	2 pcs
Crispbread	2 pcs
Pita	20 gr
Damn thin	1 large size (30 g)
Frozen pancakes with meat/cottage cheese	1 piece (50 g)
Pancakes	1 piece medium size (30 g)
Cheesecake	50 gr
Gingerbread	40 gr
Fine flour	1 tbsp. heaped spoon
Wholemeal flour	2 tbsp. heaped spoons
Rye flour	1 tbsp. heaped spoon
Whole soy flour	4 tbsp. heaped spoons
Raw dough (yeast)	25 gr
Raw dough (puff pastry)	35 gr
Dumplings, frozen dumplings	50 gr
Dumplings	15 g
Starch (wheat, corn, potato)	15 g

Bread units in cereals, pasta, potatoes

Stories from our readers

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Product	Amount of product in 1 XE
Any raw cereal	1 tablespoon
Any boiled porridge	2 tablespoons
Boiled or baked potatoes	70 grams
Jacket potatoes	1 piece
Mashed potatoes (dry semi-finished product)	1 tablespoon
Mashed potatoes (water)	2 tablespoons
Mashed potatoes (with milk, butter)	2 tablespoons
Dry potatoes	25 grams
French fries	2-3 tbsp. spoons (12 pcs)
Potato chips	25 grams
Potato fritters	60 grams
Corn and rice cereal (ready-to-eat breakfast cereals)	4 tablespoons
Cornflex (muesli)	4 tablespoons
Pasta, dry	4 tablespoons
Boiled pasta	60 grams

Product	Amount of product in 1 XE
Milk (any fat content)	1 glass(250ml)
Kefir (any fat content)	1 glass(250ml)
Curdled milk (any fat content)	1 glass(250ml)
Yogurt (any fat content)	1 glass(250ml)
Cream (any fat content)	1 glass(250ml)
Condensed milk	110 ml
Curd mass with raisins	40 grams
Curd sweet mass	100g
Ice cream	65 grams
Syrniki	1 medium
Dumplings with cottage cheese	2-4 pcs

Bread units in fruits and berries

The product's name	Amount of product in 1 XE
Apricot	120 gr
Quince	140 gr (1 piece)
A pineapple	130 gr
Orange	170 g (1 piece medium with peel)
Watermelon	270 g (1 small piece with crust)
Banana	90 g (half a large fruit with peel)
Cowberry	140 g (7 tablespoons)
Elder	170 gr
Grape	70 gr (10-12 berries)
Cherry	90 gr (12-15 berries)
Pomegranate	180 gr (1 piece)
Grapefruit	170 g (half a fruit)
Pear	90 g (1 piece medium fruit)
Guava	80 gr
Melon	100 g (small piece with crust)
Blackberry	150 gr
Strawberries	150 gr
Figs	80 gr
Kiwi	110 g (1 piece large fruit)
Strawberry	160 gr (10 pieces of large berries)
Cranberry	160 gr
Gooseberry	120 g (1 glass)
Lemon	270 gr (2-3 pcs)
Raspberries	160 gr
Mango	80 gr
Mandarin (with/without peel)	150 g / 120 g (2-3 pcs)
Papaya	140 gr
Peach	120 g (1 piece medium fruit with stone)
Blue plums	90-100 g (3-4 medium pieces)
Currant	140 gr
Feijoa	160 gr
Persimmon	70 g (1 medium fruit)
Blueberries (blueberries)	160 gr
Apple	90 g (1 piece medium fruit)

Bread units in vegetables

Bread units in dried fruits

Bread units in nuts

Bread units in sweets and sweeteners

Bread units in drinks and juices

The product's name	Amount of product in 1 XE
Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, etc.	100 ml (0.5 cup)
Kvass / Kissel / Compote	200-250 ml (1 glass)
Orange juice	100 ml (0.5 cup)
Grape juice	70 ml (0.3 cups)
Cherry juice	90 ml (0.4 cups)
Grapefruit juice	140 ml (1.4 cups)
Pear juice	100 ml (0.5 cup)
Cabbage juice	500 ml (2.5 cups)
Strawberry juice	160 ml (0.7 cups)
Redcurrant juice	90 ml (0.4 cups)
Gooseberry juice	100 ml (0.5 cup)
Raspberry juice	160 ml (0.7 cups)
carrot juice	125 ml (2/3 cup)
Cucumber juice	500 ml (2.5 cups)
Beet juice	125 ml (2/3 cup)
Plum juice	70 ml (0.3 cups)
Tomato juice	300 ml (1.5 cups)
Apple juice	100 ml (0.5 cup)

Bread units in ready meals

The product's name	Number of XE
Hamburger, Cheeseburger	2,5
big Mac	3-4
Royal Cheeseburger	2
Royal deluxe	2,2
McChicken	3
Chicken McNuggets (6 pcs)	1
French fries (standard portion)	5
French fries (children's portion)	3
Pizza (300 gr)	6
Vegetable salad	0,6
Ice cream with chocolate, strawberry, caramel	3-3,2
Cocktail (standard portion)	5
Hot chocolate (standard portion)	2

Video about bread units:

Calculation and use of XE

A patient with diabetes needs to count bread units in order to calculate the correct insulin dosage. The more carbohydrates you plan to consume, the higher the hormone dosage. To absorb 1 XE eaten, you need 1.4 units of short-acting insulin.

But basically, bread units are calculated using ready-made tables, which is not always convenient, since a person must also consume protein food, fats, minerals, vitamins, so experts advise planning your daily calorie content according to the specific gravity of the main foods consumed: 50–60% are carbohydrates, 25–30% are fats, 15–20% are proteins.

A diabetic's body should receive approximately 10–30 XE per day, the exact amount directly depends on age, weight, and type of physical activity.

The largest portion of food containing carbohydrates should be consumed in the first half of the day; the division of the menu should depend on the insulin therapy plan. In any case, no more than 7 XE should be consumed per meal.

Absorbed carbohydrates should mainly be starches (cereals, bread, vegetables) - 15 XE; fruits and berries should account for no more than 2 units. On simple carbohydrates no more than 1/3 of the total. At normal level glucose in the blood between main meals, you can consume a product that contains 1 unit.

Source diabetes-doctor.ru

Glycemic index of foods

With diabetes, it is not only the presence of carbohydrates in a certain product that matters, but also how quickly they are absorbed and enter the bloodstream. The smoother the carbohydrate is digested, the less the increase in blood glucose occurs.

GI () is the coefficient of the effect of various foods on blood glucose. Products with a high glycemic index (sugar, sweets, sweet drinks, jam) should be excluded from your menu. It is allowed to consume only 1-2 XE of sweets to relieve hypoglycemia.

Glycemic index of foods (video):

Drawing conclusions

If you are reading these lines, we can conclude that you or your loved ones have diabetes.

We conducted an investigation, studied a bunch of materials and, most importantly, tested most of the methods and medications for diabetes. The verdict is:

If all drugs were given, it was only a temporary result; as soon as the use was stopped, the disease sharply intensified.

The only drug that has given significant results is Dialife.

At the moment, this is the only drug that can completely cure diabetes. Especially strong effect Dialife pointed to early stages development of diabetes mellitus.

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Product		XE in 100 g
granulated and refined sugar, powdered sugar		10
honey		8
waffles		6,8
biscuits		5,5
sugar cookies		6,1
crackers		5,7
gingerbread		6,4
marshmallows		6,7
paste		6,7
chocolate	white	6
	lactic	5
	dark	5,3
	bitter	4,8
candies