home Audience 4 Tinder fungus description. Real tinder fungus: description, medicinal properties and application. Use of tinder in medicine

Tinder fungus description. Real tinder fungus: description, medicinal properties and application. Use of tinder in medicine

Probably each of us has encountered mushrooms at least once in our lives. We are taught to distinguish edible species from toadstools from the very beginning. early age. But among the mushroom diversity there are also those that you cannot find on store shelves, in dishes, in dried or canned form. And the first time you won’t understand whether it’s a mushroom in front of you or something else. It is precisely these exceptions that include the true tinder fungus (larch). What it is and “what it is eaten with” - you will learn from the article.

The tinder is real

Popularly, the tinder fungus has several names - “blood tinder fungus, leafy tinder fungus”. It was not in vain that it was awarded this folk medicine it was often used as a hemostatic agent. Its pores absorbed blood well, creating a kind of plug or bandage. The tinder fungus is also often called chaga, especially if it is found on birch trunks. It is not right.

He even won the honorary title of “king of all medicinal drugs”, having been so for an average of more than 1600 years. In ancient times it was known as Agaricus albus, which translated meant “cleansing”, “quinine”, “white Agaricus”.

The tinder fungus has won great love in Greece. The famous Greek healer Dioscorides considered it a panacea, prescribing its use for all internal diseases. The doctor was sure that the tinder fungus was The best way restore strength, get rid of blues and depression.

Recipe of King Mithridates

The ancient Romans and Greeks firmly believed in healing properties this mushroom species. The real tinder fungus was very expensive; it was impossible for mere mortals to buy it.

A unique proof of the value of the mushroom is the famous recipe of King Mithridates. It was this ruler who found out that if you constantly take a drug made from tinder fungus, you can protect your body from poison.

Throughout his reign, the king constantly drank the remedy, and the best proof of its effectiveness was the moment when, having fallen into depression, Mithridates decided to take his own life and took large dose poison. Oddly enough, the poison not only had no effect, but did not even cause a simple food poisoning. Needless to say, the recipe for the product was kept strictly confidential.

Polypore is capable of removing toxins

King Mithridates told the world how the mushroom helps prevent poisoning. But modern scientists have already established the ability of the fungus to remove toxins from the body.

Experiments were carried out on rats and mice whose food was supplemented with powdered tinder fungus. The results were shocking: mercury dichloride, arsenic compounds, and many other dangerous poisons that had accumulated there for years began to come out of the rodents’ bodies. Later, the reason was established - it’s all about the unique agaric acid, which simply has no analogues in its properties.

We treat the liver

The second property of tinder is restoration of the liver. The Siberians knew this well - they collected the true tinder fungus and took it for food in the form of tinctures and powders, which, in turn, allowed them to produce an enzyme that breaks down protein. Girls more often used tinder as an ideal means for losing weight.

By the way, the Japanese advertised tinder fungus as a means of losing weight. Quickly realizing that they could make a lot of money from this, many pharmacological companies began to produce tons of tablets and infusions based on the fungus, purchasing tinder fungus in huge quantities from Russia. The Japanese found the polysaccharide lanophil in the mushroom, which causes the liver to secrete the substances it needs. normal operation enzymes.

Why are enzymes important?

Probably many people have noticed that young children are often plump. The explanation for this is simple - the liver begins to form only from the age of five, and until this time the protein accumulated by the body is not broken down - precisely due to the lack of the mentioned enzymes.

Treatment with tinder fungus is to help the liver. The absence of enzymes allows proteins to be broken down into fatty amino acids, which are then also absorbed by the liver. In fact, they are not removed from the body. And this leads to the accumulation of fat cells. The tinder fungus, as research confirms, helps produce an enzyme that removes broken down amino acids, preventing the body from becoming overgrown with fat.

However, this is not all that a real tinder is capable of. Its use, judging by reviews from doctors, is also popular for treating lungs.

Learning to breathe freely

The tinder fungus is a truly unique mushroom, as patients say, and its spectrum of action is quite wide. Remedies prepared on the basis of tinder fungus can be taken for both simple cough, so in cases where a person is seriously ill. These include pneumonia and cancer, which are sometimes simply impossible to get rid of.

According to doctors, tinder fungus is also the first aid for tuberculosis, and it is very treatable neglected cases. In China, drugs developed on the basis of this fungus have a variety of directions - starting, as mentioned above, from a simple cough, and ending with impotence.

But doctors do not recommend experimenting with doses yourself - tinder fungus is an excellent remedy from constipation, and its improper use can lead to endless diarrhea.

Getting younger

Real tinder will help you become younger. As already mentioned, it restores the liver, on which the health of any person directly depends. The resulting consequences are the absence of skin irritation, fatigue, and pain in the right side. The skin becomes elastic and acquires a pleasant healthy color.

Women who care about their beauty claim that the tinder fungus also helps their nails - brittle and peeling plates regain their structure, as well as an even pink tint. However, you need to be aware of the limitations. So, tinder fungus is contraindicated:

pregnant women;
nursing mothers;
children under 5 years old;
for those who have an individual intolerance to the mushroom.

But side effects from its use has not yet been detected. Another good thing about the mushroom is that you can collect it yourself - throughout the year, but only from living trees. IN for preventive purposes Tinder fungus is taken for about a month, twice a year. If the mushroom is used for treatment, then the period of administration should be increased to 3-4 months.

Infusions of tinder fungus are made with boiling water, warm water or on vodka. Be sure to let the drug brew, and it is best to store it in the refrigerator. Medications prepared exclusively from powder - drying the mushroom is very simple at home.

Polypore fungi are distributed throughout the temperate zone of Russia. These mushrooms are not only widely used in cooking - thanks to their medicinal properties the tinder fungus is indispensable in the manufacture of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Basically, tinder fungi grow in July-October in pine, spruce and mixed forests (prefers old spruce forests, especially white moss ones), in clearings, forest clearings, near roads, in light areas of the forest, in some places quite often and abundantly.

In this article we will tell you about the types of tinder fungi (sheep, humpback, scaly, variegated, yellow-haired and umbrella), introduce you to the medicinal properties of tinder fungi and their use in cooking and folk medicine, and also demonstrate what a tinder fungus looks like in the photo.

Medicinal mushroom tinder fungus and its photo

Family: Albatrellaceae.

Synonyms: Albatrellus ovine, sheep's mushroom.

Description. The cap is fleshy, 1-2 cm thick, 3-20 cm in diameter, rounded or somewhat irregular, initially convex with a folded edge, then flat or concave, white, light cream, often with bright yellow spots, light ocher with age, grayish-yellow to gray or light brown or brown.

Pay attention to the photo of the tinder fungus at a young age: the mushroom cap is bare and smooth. With age, it becomes slightly scaly, cracking in old age or in dry weather.

The flesh of the sheep tinder fungus is dense, damp-shaped, brittle, white, yellowish when dried, and often turns yellowish when pressed. The taste is pleasant and mild, becoming bitter with age. When boiled, the fruit body becomes slightly greenish. Leg 3-7 X 1-3 cm, strong, smooth, solid, central or eccentric, often narrowed towards the base, usually the same color with a cap. Single mushrooms are rare; as a rule, they are fused with stems and/or cap edges, forming aggregations of several fruiting bodies.

If you look closely at the photo of the sheep tinder fungus, you will notice that the tubular layer extends down to the stem. Basically, this layer is white, creamy, can be lemon or greenish-yellow, and turns yellow when pressed. The tubes are very short, 1-2 mm high, the pores are angular or rounded, 2-5 per 1 mm.

Similar species. Related species include crested albatrellus (A. cristatus, distinguished by a greenish or olive color of the cap), confluent albatrellus (A. confluens, distinguished by a cream, pink, reddish or yellow-brown cap color and a bitter or sour taste of the pulp). It also resembles yellow blackberry (Hydnum repandum), in which the spore-bearing layer on the lower surface of the cap is not tubular, but in the form of spines. There are no inedible or poisonous counterparts.

Medicinal properties: Various bioactive components have been isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the fungus: grifolin, grifolinone, neogrifolin, cutigeral, ilisicoline B, ovinal, ovinol, etc.

Scutigeral and other tripenyl-phenols of the polypore polypore (neogrifolin, scutigeral, ili-sicoline B, ovinal, ovinol), which are related to the dopamine D1 receptors of the brain, act as an oral pain reliever. Their action is similar to that of psaicin, obtained from hot red pepper.

Neogrifolin exhibits a pronounced antioxidant effect. This property of tinder fungus makes it possible to produce drugs based on it that have an effect similar to that of vitamin E.

Grifolin has a pronounced anticancer effect. It inhibits growth cancer cells lines CNE1, HeLa, MCF-7, SW480, K562, Raji and B95-8, reduces cholesterol levels and suppresses gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and mycobacteria. The grifolin derivative confluentin inhibits the growth of cancer cell lines HL-60, SMMC-7712, A-549 and MCF-7.

Sheep polysaccharides obtained from a mycelial culture stop the growth of sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich's sarcoma by 100%, respectively.

Grifolin and neogrifolin have an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the level of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body.

The medicinal polypore is used in China as an antitumor and anti-inflammatory agent.

Collection and procurement rules: Young and mature mushrooms are collected. Peeled and crushed fruit bodies are used to prepare alcohol and water infusions, extracts and powder.

Use in cooking: Young mushrooms with a cap are edible white, they are consumed fresh, used for salting and pickling. Well suited for drying for future use. The mushroom has a high taste, but the hard pulp can cause gastrointestinal upset in sensitive people.

Humpbacked tinder fungus: description and properties

Family: Coriolaceae.

Synonyms: Trametes humpback.

Description. The fruiting bodies are annual, half-shaped, sessile, attached at a wide base, in small groups or solitary, rather large, 3-12 X 5-20 cm, 1-4 cm tall. The caps are flat, sometimes uneven, with a velvety surface that becomes bare with age, often zonal, whitish-grayish, and light ocher with age. The fruiting bodies are covered with algae, which gives them a green tint. The surface of the spore-bearing layer is white, cream or light straw-yellow, the pores are rectangular, elongated, radially located, as if dotted, sometimes almost labyrinthine. The flesh of the tinder fungus, in its description, resembles a cork - just as dense, mostly white, less often yellowish.

The humpback polypore is found throughout the forest zone of Russia (including the Caucasus), and is common everywhere. Grows on deciduous wood (dead wood, dead wood, stumps, living trees), causing white rot. Fruits from June to early November. Old fruiting bodies are stored until spring.

Similar species. Small young fruiting bodies are similar to the coarse polypore (T. hirsuta), from which they differ in elongated pores and barely noticeable pubescence on the caps (T. hirsuta is characterized by smaller rounded pores and more pronounced pubescence on the caps).

Medicinal properties: The humpback polypore has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral activity.

Laboratory studies have shown that T. gibbosa polysaccharides are capable of protecting blood vessels. They neutralize changes in the walls of blood vessels, reduce general level protein in effusion pleural cavity, increase the number of neutrophils and eosinophils.

Polysaccharides isolated from mycelial culture inhibit the growth of sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of T. gibbosa showed cytotoxicity towards human throat cancer (HeLa) hepatoma cell lines (SMMC-7721). Squeezing from mycelium completely stops the growth of a culture of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562).

Methanol extract of fruiting bodies and cultural mycelium showed moderate inhibitory activity against the AIDS virus. Perhaps in the future drugs will be developed to treat this terrible disease with tinder fungus.

Scaly tinder fungus (variegated): photos and medicinal properties

Family: Polyporaceae.

Synonyms: variegated tinder fungus, variegated polygon, elm fungus, haretail fungus.

Interesting Facts: Among designers, thick, stiff paper is prized, which is made in small batches from the scaly tinder fungus in China and Europe.

Description. Variegated tinder fungus - distant relative oyster mushrooms, which were once part of the same family with her. By and large, it differs from it only in that on the underside of the cap it does not have plates, but tubes.

Pay attention to the photo of the tinder fungus scaly: its cap with a diameter of 5-60 cm has a beige or cream color. In some specimens, the cap may be ocher or light brownish, with large, dark brown, appressed, concentrically located scales; first round, then kidney-shaped or fan-shaped, somewhat depressed towards the base, elastic-fleshy. The pores are large, angular, with an uneven serrated edge, 1-3 mm in diameter. The tubular layer is up to 1 cm thick, descends along the stalk, white to yellowish. The pulp is thick (0.5-4 cm), dense, white, with a pleasant taste and smell, hard with age, spongy-corky, crumbling.

The leg of the scaly polypore (variegated) is relatively short and thick, bent (rarely straight), up to 5 cm thick, mesh-like in the upper part, white or yellowish, brown below, more or less velvety, often black at the base. It can be located either in the center of the cap or on the side (like an oyster mushroom).

Grows in light broad-leaved and mixed forests and parks, prefers oak, linden, elm, and maple wood. Much less common on decaying conifer stumps. The tinder fungus usually “produces” decent growths from 2-3 to several dozen fruiting bodies. The mushroom appears in May and bears fruit until early November. It is found frequently and abundantly throughout the forest zone of Russia.

Similar species. A closely related species, the tuberous polypore (P. tuberaster), is distinguished by smaller and “loose” fruiting bodies, lighter, chaotically located scales slightly behind the cap, and always a central stalk without a black-brown zone at the base.

Medicinal properties: It has a stimulating effect on the secretory activity of the bile gland.

The bioactive substance lecithin has been isolated. In medicine, many experts consider polypore to be promising for the production of drugs used in testing tumors and in glycobiological studies.

Another medicinal property of the tinder fungus is its antioxidant activity.

Use in folk medicine: Used mainly in the form of ointments to treat inflammatory processes in joints, with osteochondrosis, arthrosis, varicose veins veins

Collection and procurement rules: Young soft fruiting bodies are collected for drying or crushed and infused fresh (chopped) in water or vodka. Then the infusion along with the mushroom is crushed with a blender to a homogeneous consistency. The ointment is stored in the refrigerator. It is possible to use it for compresses, and from dried mushrooms make tea with properties similar to ointment.

Use in cooking: Edible at a young age, used in fresh(especially good in soups and for cooking mushroom sauces), salted, pickled, for drying. Contains vitamins A, F, B1, B, D and H.

Umbrella tinder fungus and its use in medicine

Family: Polyporaceae.

Synonyms: branched tinder fungus, branched tinder fungus, griffola umbellata.

Description. According to the description, the umbellate tinder fungus is similar to the oyster mushroom, like the scaly tinder fungus, but it is very unique. Its fruiting body with a common short stalk at the base is highly branched above (up to 50 cm in diameter and weighing up to 4 kg), and each branch ends in a small cap with a diameter of 1-4 cm. The caps are thin, leathery-fleshy, light ocher, light - or dark brownish, sometimes white, wavy at the edges, with a small depression in the center, round, there can be more than 100 of them on the fruiting body. The tubular layer is white, the tubes are very short, the pores are angular, rather large, 1-3 mm. The pulp is white, with a pleasant mushroom or nutty taste and smell. The fungus appears at the base of trunks, on stumps and on the roots of deciduous trees (usually oak, maple, birch or linden), less often simply on rotting wood or on the soil near it or on young woody growth (birch, hazel, linden).

It bears fruit from July to the end of October, is quite rare, and gravitates to the southern regions of Russia.

Similar species. Somewhat similar to the edible ram mushroom (Grifola frondosa), which is distinguished by wedge-shaped or fan-shaped caps with lateral rather than central legs.

Medicinal properties: Contains a large number of vitamins and microelements, ergosterol, biotin, polysaccharides, bioactive enzymes.

The mushroom is characterized by the following main pharmacological properties:

diuretic (diuretic);
normalization of vascular permeability in hematuria;
antitumor;
antioxidant;
immunostimulating;
has a beneficial effect on toxic hepatitis;
antipsoriatic;
anti-radiation;
antibacterial and antiviral (stops the growth of staphylococci, urogenital chlamydia, malarial plasmodium);
promotes .

Underground sclerotia of the umbrella polypore.

Use in folk medicine: In traditional Chinese medicine the umbrella fungus is used for anuria, edema, diarrhea, strangury with the presence of cloudy urine, with transient frequent painful dripping urination. The use of tinder fungus for jaundice and cirrhosis of the liver is also widespread.

Collection and procurement rules: Young soft fruiting bodies are collected for drying or crushed and infused fresh (chopped) in water or vodka. Not only the above-ground part is collected, but also the underground sclerotia.

Use in cooking: Edible at a young age, used fresh, salted, pickled, and for drying.

Stiff-haired tinder fungus, similar species

Family: Coriolaceae.

Synonyms: coarse-haired trametes, coarse-haired sponge.

Description. The fruiting bodies are thin, annual, sessile, 4-12 cm in size, usually growing in large groups. The surface of the cap is zonal, coarsely hairy, almost hairy-bristly, yellowish, grayish, brownish with age, often greenish at the base from algae developing on it. The pulp is thin, leathery, whitish, with a bitter taste. Young specimens may have a slight anise-like odor. The tubes are short, up to 6 mm in length. The surface of the tubes is whitish, yellowish, grayish or brownish. The pores are round and thick-walled.

It is found on dead wood, stumps and dead wood, treated wood of deciduous (rarely coniferous) trees, often and everywhere. Causes white rot, in which the wood disintegrates into characteristic plates. Fruits all year round, in harsh conditions during the winter months it stops developing and resumes growth in the spring.

The fungus is cultivated in a number of countries to obtain mycelium and culture liquid, from which medicines are then made.

Similar species. Downy tramethes (T. pubescens) is distinguished by softer, almost felt-like pubescence; its pores become tortuous with age. Birch Lenzites (Lenzites betulina) is distinguished by a lamellar or labyrinthine spore-bearing layer. Another similar species to the coarse-haired polypore is Cerrena unicolor. It has tissue with a dark line on the cut and a spore-bearing layer with irregularly shaped pores.

Medicinal properties: Substances with antibiotic properties and antitumor effects have been found in mushrooms.

Aqueous and methanol extracts of fruiting bodies showed high antifungal activity against Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger and Mucor indicus, as well as high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans.

IN laboratory conditions mycelial extract inhibits the growth of sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma cell lines.

Application: Treatment with tinder fungus in folk medicine is carried out for pulmonary diseases, to relieve fever and perspiration, and accelerate the regeneration of muscle tissue.

Collection and procurement rules: Fresh fruiting bodies are collected for subsequent drying.

Not used for culinary purposes.

Polypore fungi usually grow on old rotten trees and stumps, but sometimes they can also infect young trees through damaged bark or broken branches. They break down dead wood, turning it into mineral compounds that enrich the soil. The shape of the fruiting bodies of polypores is round or hoof-shaped, the cap is uneven, as if it consists of rounded nodules. The color can vary: from almost white to dark gray, from beige to orange.

A real tinder fungus is easily separated from the trunk, unlike a false one, which is tightly attached to the wood.

The benefits of tinder fungi

The medicinal properties of tinder fungus have long been known. It contains agaric acid, buricol acid, ricinol acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and citric acid, lanophil polysaccharide, glucose, phytosterol, monosaccharide and a large number of resins. In ancient times, tinder fungus was used as an external hemostatic property: thanks to its porous structure, it absorbed blood well, and its resinous substances disinfected wounds. An infusion of tinder fungus was used for pulmonary and colds. But most often, the dried mushroom (it was called tinder) was used to start a fire.

Nowadays, Japanese scientists have discovered that lanophil, contained in tinder fungus, stimulates the functioning of the liver of the bladder. Thanks to this, they are cleansed bile ducts and the fatty layer covering the liver is destroyed. Polypore can be used for liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B and C, dyskinesia biliary tract. Tinder fungus contains oncoprotective substances, so it is useful for cancer diseases. Preparations from tinder fungus help to endure severe chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

An infusion of tinder fungus can be used to boost immunity. Grind the tinder fungus, pour a tablespoon of powder into 2 cups hot water and heat for 40 minutes. in a water bath. Let it brew in a thermos for 4 hours and strain. Take a tablespoon 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Drink the decoction for 2 weeks, take a break and continue.

The tinder fungus can be crushed using a meat grinder.

But tinder has gained particular popularity as a remedy. Thanks to stimulation by lanofil, the liver breaks down fats better, and the enzymes included in the tinder fungus reduce appetite.
To improve liver function, pour 0.5 teaspoon of ground tinder fungus into a glass of boiling water and leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Drink the infusion in small sips throughout the day. To improve the taste, you can add a teaspoon of honey.

There is also a very simple one. Stir a level teaspoon of crushed tinder fungus into 1/2 cup boiled water. Take 3 times a day 30-40 minutes before meals.

Is tinder fungus edible or not?

Is tinder fungus dangerous? You can eat it, but only young mushrooms that have grown on deciduous trees. If you cook tinder fungus from a coniferous tree, it can cause poisoning. Sometimes mycologists classify the sulfur-yellow species as a dangerous species.

However, cooking tinder fungus is considered common in Germany and the United States. In these countries it is a delicacy. And they call it “chicken mushroom” because of its external similarity to poultry meat. It tastes like lobster or crab.

It causes vomiting and stomach upset.

Description of tinder

The scaly yellow tinder fungus (lat. Laetiporus sulphureus) has a 12-centimeter cap. It may have fan-shaped plates or have a round shape. The skin of the mushroom cap is orange-pink and turns pale with age. The hat is short. The remaining tinder fungi have a grayish cap.

The description of the mushroom pulp is as follows - it is yellowish and has a pleasant smell. The young mushroom has damp, loose, fleshy pulp; the spores are light yellow.

Polypores differ in that they grow in deciduous and mixed forests. Mushrooms live on tree trunks and are found mainly from mid-May.

Useful properties of tinder fungus (video)

Medicinal properties

The benefit of the mushroom is that it is often used to cure tuberculosis. Among other things, with its help you can get rid of viral diseases. In folk medicine, tinder fungus is used to treat flu, kidney and intestinal problems. The mushroom also shows itself successfully in treating the pancreas.

Polypore is also great for the liver. Why? It contains a huge amount of resinous substances that have a positive effect on the organ.

The beneficial substances of the mushroom do not end there. It also contains the polysaccharide lanophil. It helps the body break down fats. The enzyme also helps normalize metabolism, cleansing the liver.

Let's look at several recipes for preparing tinder fungus for treatment:

How to prepare tinder fungus for lung diseases? Take 1 tbsp. l. crushed mushroom powder, place it in a saucepan, add 200 ml of hot water. Cook the mushroom for half an hour in a water bath. Remove the prepared product from the stove and wrap it in a towel. You can use it after 4 hours - 4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l.
The mushroom is also useful for healing wounds and ulcers. In this case, the tinder fungus is used externally. How to cook it? Take 2 tsp. tinder powder and pour it into a jar. Pour 150 ml of vodka into the powder. Leave the infusion in a dark place for 14 days. All that remains is to strain the infusion and spray it on the skin.
The mushroom is also beneficial in treatment chronic constipation. In this case, prepare the product as follows: pour 1 tbsp into the pan. l. mushroom powder. Then add 0.5 liters of boiling water to it. The mixture is boiled and then simmered for 30 minutes. Then it is removed, the pan is insulated with a towel and left for 4 hours. Take the mixture 4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l.

How to properly cook tinder

The tinder fungus that lives on birch trees can be cooked different ways. In any case, you must first rinse it thoroughly. Then it can be used as a solo component in various dishes, among which it is worth noting:

salad;
tinder in sour cream;
a kind of paste;
soup with dumplings;
tinder fungus in tomato sauce.

Cook the mushroom for no more than an hour. Then they cook it like other mushrooms. If you want to dry tinder fungus, dry it at a temperature of less than 50 degrees. Store the mushroom in paper bags at room temperature.

Where do tinder fungi grow (video)

How to protect trees

The tinder fungus grows on trees and feeds on them useful substances. So that he doesn't do any harm fruit trees, some measures need to be taken. The false tinder fungus infects the tree so that the wood becomes very soft. When infected with a sulfur-yellow type of fungus, the plant turns brown, cracks and breaks into cubes.

The type of relationship between trees and fungi is as follows: the tinder fungus infects the tree with spores through wounds in the bark. That is, in order to prevent infection, damage to the bark should not be allowed.

You can prevent tree infection in the following way: clean the wound on the bark with a knife. Then treat it with 1% . The top of the wound should be covered with garden varnish. In spring and autumn, for the purpose of prevention, tree trunks are cleared of bark and whitened with lime.

Spraying trees with a special solution also brings great benefits.

Take 2 kg of slaked lime and 200 g of mealy paste.
Add 100 g of wood glue to them.
Dissolve the mixture in 1 bucket of water.
The solution is applied to the affected areas with brushes. It will not only protect the tree from fungus, but also protect it from burns.
When settling on a tree, the tinder fungus causes great damage to it. Therefore, if it appears, you should cut it and the branches located 5 cm below the place where the wood has turned brown.
If the group of mushrooms is large, the tree will have to be dug up and burned.

How to cook tinder fungus (video)

Polypore is a mushroom that can be used as food. However, in some cases it can cause harm. How to treat it is up to everyone to decide for themselves. Some carefully protect trees from the fungus, while others eat it with pleasure.

Polypores represent a non-systematic and little-studied group of fungi, which belongs to the department of basidiomycetes. About 1.5 thousand species are known. There are poisonous and edible tinder fungi, woody and gristly ones. The fungal body of all tinder fungi is extremely resistant to any weather influences - cold, heat, moisture.

Polypores are attached to the tree body with the entire fruiting body or just the stem, depending on the species. Because of its original shape, the mushroom is popularly called the “devil’s hoof.”

The mushroom body is formed by thin threads - hyphae, intertwined with each other. The mycelium is buried deep in the woody body. To penetrate the cortex, hyphae secrete enzymes that dissolve cell membranes wood The hyphae, at first thin and filamentous, become skeletal.

Depending on the shape of the fruiting body, tinders are divided into:

Sedentary. They are attached to the wood on one side. May have a side leg.
Prostrate. They look like a thin cake, tightly attached to the trunk. They resemble tree bark in color and structure.
With cap and stem.

The weight of the mushroom body is from 1 to 20 kg. Size – from 20 cm to 200 cm in diameter. Can be gray, red, black, orange, yellow color- many shades.

When and where does it grow?

The habitat depends on the type of tinder. Thus, the sulfur-yellow (conditionally edible) tinder fungus prefers places with a mild climate. But the real tinder fungus is widespread throughout Russia and Europe. It loves to grow on birch and pine trees, and can also be found on alder, oak, beech, and other trees.

On the one hand, saprophyte negatively affects the environment. Causing white rot in wood tissue, it makes it brittle. It usually affects dead wood, since the main way of infecting a tree with tinder fungi is:

broken branches;
cracks and other damage in the bark.

It is recommended to collect polypores for pharmaceutical and food purposes:

during spring sap flow;
in autumn - the mushroom, preparing for winter, stores up useful substances.

You should not take tinder fungi:

growing on dead wood;
growing near the ground.

Preferably mushrooms located as high as possible. Mushrooms are cut with a well-sharpened knife or ax. If the mushroom body crumbles, it is not suitable for collection.

Varieties

For tinder fungi, in mushroom science, a special classification is provided. They are divided into:

Hymenomycetes - their mycelium is located in the substrate, for example, in wood or soil;
Gasteromycetes - their fruiting bodies are completely closed.
Among tinder there are several families:
poriaceae;
polypore;
telephore;
Coniophoraceae.

Polypores are mostly perennials, but there are also annual representatives. They grow throughout the summer - from June to September. At the end of summer, annuals gradually break down and become food for insects.

The body of a perennial grows for months, or even years. By looking at the annual rings you can find out how many months or years the tinder fungus is. The mushroom is characterized by species diversity. Let's look at the most famous and common types of tinder fungi.

Edible tinder fungi

Among tinder there are edible and inedible species. The latter are the overwhelming majority. There are no poisonous varieties among tinder fungi. You can’t get poisoned by the pulp of tinder fungi; it’s just extremely harsh in many representatives of the group. And the taste of these mushrooms is not impressive.

When going into the forest, carefully study appearance edible tinder mushrooms. Among them there are several quite tasty specimens - they are used in cooking.

Sulfur-yellow tinder fungus

It is classified as conditionally edible, and the toxins contained in it can cause poisoning. The “young animals” are eaten - their flesh is much more tender than that of the old-timers.

Only young sulfur-yellow tinder fungi growing on deciduous trees are suitable for food. There shouldn't be any on their hats. dark spots.

Cut mushroom bodies can be stored in the refrigerator for 3-5 days. They can also be frozen for a whole year. To prevent the product from deteriorating, a temperature of at least minus 18°C is needed.

In the video you can see how sulfur-yellow tinder fungus is fried with onions and dill in forest conditions. The recipe is clear, step-by-step. The author of the video also suggests other ways to prepare tinder fungus:

Scaly

Prefers to grow on deciduous trees, especially elms. Its yellowish-gray fruit body is covered with brownish speckled scales. Scaly polypores grow singly. They have thick black legs. When young, they are suitable for food - they are pickled, salted, dried, and added to sauces and soups. Traditional medicine uses them to produce drugs that stimulate the functioning of the gallbladder.

It can be found on oak trees. It is shaped like a tongue. The body is fleshy, as if saturated with red liquid. Growth time: from July to frost. The section shows a marble pattern. Used at a young age - for pickling.

Resembles a large lace bouquet. Cap color is brown. There is a multi-colored border. Stripes may be different colors– black, beige, lemon, orange. Umbrella polypores are popular in China. Here it is often served as a main course.

Winter

It grows on stumps and trunks near the ground. Prefers alder, rowan, and willow. Growth begins in the spring. Grows until frost. The shape of the cap is convex. Color – from yellowish to grayish. The white flesh is suitable for eating. Usually used for drying.

More than others, it resembles a mushroom in the classical presentation. Its fleshy round cap has folded edges. The leg is short and thick. Used in folk medicine and pharmacology. Young fruits are used to prepare powders, extracts, infusions - water and alcohol. When young, it is used as food. Sheep tinder fungus can be pickled, dried, and salted.

Inedible tinder fungi

Inedible polypores are not deadly, but can cause unpleasant symptoms:

allergic reaction;
intoxication of the body with corresponding symptoms - vomiting, dizziness, nausea.

Many tinder fungi, including inedible ones, are actively used in medicine - medicinal products are prepared from them. Any use of mushrooms should be preceded by consultation with a physician.

Birch

Likes to grow on dead birch trunks. Its body is convex, gray-white in color. It contains many amino acids and microelements. This was appreciated by microorganisms and insects, who generously laid larvae in the mushroom. Pharmacology uses mushroom polymers isolated from this mushroom to produce dietary supplements for diabetics.

The video talks about the birch tinder fungus, its various uses (medicine) and other beneficial properties. Blogger on own experience shows how to use it correctly:

Beveled

It is also called . Grows on birch, alder, and rowan trees. The body is hard, woody. The shape is irregular, the surface is rough. Color – dark brown or black. There are white veins on the cut. Chaga is used in medicine - for decoctions and infusions.

Prefers stumps and semi-dry trees. The hat is large and rough, looking like a sponge. At a young age it has a yellowish or grayish color, and as it grows it becomes brown with a greenish tint. The taste of the pulp is unpleasant - bitter, reeks of anise.

Humpback

The hat has the shape of a semicircle. The shade is greenish. The pulp is dense - white or yellow. The surface of the cap is velvety. The mushroom strengthens blood vessels. It is part of drugs used to treat sarcoma, throat cancer, and leukemia. Latest Research showed that the humpback polypore has a detrimental effect on the AIDS virus.

Larch (real)

Grows on larches, fir, cedar. Has a thick fruiting body. Length – 30 cm. Color – white or yellow. The surface is rough. There are furrows and brown spots. Young - soft, later - hard, crumbling. The taste is bitter.

Lacquered (reishi)

A mushroom with unique properties. Actively used for the treatment of oncology and of cardio-vascular system. Demanded in folk medicine.

Why are tinder fungi dangerous for trees?

Killer mushrooms perform an important mission in the forest - they make room for new trees. Peculiar forest orderlies. But in orchards grown by humans, tinder fungi must be fought mercilessly.

How to deal with tinder fungi?

What affects the growth of tinder fungus?

Polypores live on both dead and living trees. Ideal growing conditions for tinder fungi:

Certain Kind tree - depends on the type of tinder fungus. Some people like it coniferous trees, others - deciduous.
The fruiting body needs light.
High humidity promotes growth. It is not in vain that tinder species look for damp places - cellars, earthen shelters, wells.

The value and benefits of the mushroom

Chemical composition Many tinder fungi are poorly studied. Scientists have discovered antitumor substances in these mushrooms, so their composition is now being actively studied. In tinder bodies, one can find “deposits” of potassium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, lead, cadmium, and germanium. The collection of tinder fungi intended for medicinal or food (if the species is edible) purposes is not recommended near roads and near industrial zones.

The mushroom is popularly called chicken of the woods due to its unusual shape and nutritional value. 100 g of fruiting body contains 22 kcal. 100 g of mushroom contains:

protein – 3.09 g;
fats – 0.34 g;
carbohydrates – 3.26 g;
water – 92.45 g.

Application in medicine

Polypores are valued primarily for their quality remedy. Mushrooms are used for external and internal use. They are prepared from:

alcohol tinctures;
decoctions;
dry powders - for dissolution in water.

Polypores promote the breakdown of fats, remove radionuclides, carcinogens and poisons from the body, restore digestive system, treat constipation, kills bacteria that cause gastritis.

Each tinder has certain properties, so specific types of tinder are used to treat certain diseases.

Growing

All tinder species reproduce by spores - they are located on the basidia. Groups of spores, maturing in tubes tightly fused together, spill out. They are carried away by the wind to new habitats. Once on fertile soil - old or damaged wood, they begin to reproduce. A mycelium is formed, which, branching along the tree bark, destroys it.

Growing on substrate

Polypores are easy to cultivate. They are grown in substrate. To prepare it you need:

sawdust;
shavings;
bark of small branches.

Stumps and wooden beams can be used as a substrate. After making holes with a drill, the mycelium is placed in them.

The order of mycelium laying:

The mixture is poured with boiling water.
When the temperature of the substrate drops to room temperature, it is squeezed out and mixed with mycelium.
Place in plastic bags.
Having made slits in the bags, they are placed in a room where the humidity is 80%. Lighting – natural, temperature – 20°C.
The harvest will be ready after 30-40 days.

Publications: 209