home Endocrinology French bulldog breed standard. If you decide to tame an English Bulldog Historical information about the origin of the breed

French bulldog breed standard. If you decide to tame an English Bulldog Historical information about the origin of the breed

To determine how long French bulldogs live, you must first carefully read the standard of this breed. This knowledge will help you understand the pace of a dog’s development: to what age it grows, how much it weighs in a given month of its life, and so on. It is necessary to monitor these parameters while simultaneously taking into account anatomical features animal structure.

The French Bulldog breed standard describes the following parameters:

Head

The skull of a representative of this breed can indicate many hereditary traits. For example, about the structural features of his body and the strength of his bones. French Bulldogs have several skull shapes:

ordinary - with a noticeable stop (the transition from the forehead to the muzzle) and a bump on the back of the head;
heavy – large, powerful, rough, with clearly visible muscles;
light – narrow, with poorly developed muscles;
proportional - most suitable for the standard.

The shape of the skull will determine the degree to which the dog belongs to the purebred line of the breed. According to the standard, breeding dogs must have an impressive head square shape. Wide view it is given by the shortened part in the area of the nose. A slightly convex forehead should be clearly visible. The bump on the back of the head is almost invisible.

The skin on the dog's head forms folds. From the lips, between goes with his eyes a furrow that should not extend onto the forehead.

The dog's muzzle is short and quite wide. Its length is one part in six in relation to the head.

The French Bulldog's wide and retracted nose has symmetrical nostrils. They should be open and pointing upward.

The dog's cheeks are drooping and rather thick. The lips are also thick, black in color, and their upper part covers both the teeth and tongue.

The dog's round, slightly convex eyes have a dark tint. They should be low enough and not close to each other relative to the beginning of the ears, thanks to their large sizes. The eyelids are black.

In dogs of this breed, ears are one of the main components of an attractive appearance. appearance. Therefore, they should be small, set high, with a wide base and rounded ends. The vertically erect ears allow full visibility of the auricle.

According to the standard, representatives of this breed have powerful jaws square format. Bottom part is located slightly in front of the upper one and has the shape of an arc. It is desirable that this displacement (undershot) not be too noticeable, but the standard does not particularly monitor this point.

The French Bulldog has strong teeth that should not be damaged in any way. Front teeth upper jaw are located behind the front teeth of the lower jaw.

Dogs of this breed have a neck short length. It is slightly curved. The standard does not allow any excess fat, folds or loose skin in the area. Ideally, the neck should have well-developed muscles and seven vertebrae, because the mobility of the head depends on these parameters.

Frame

In French bulldogs, the withers are formed by five thoracic vertebrae And top part shoulder blades They are connected by developed muscles.

The wide, well-developed back of the dog, according to the standard, should not sag or, on the contrary, arch. Otherwise, her vertebrae will not be able to withstand physical stress.

The sacrum should be short but wide enough.

The animal's croup should have a slightly rounded shape with a slight slope.

The width of the chest of a French Bulldog directly depends on the location of the ribs - on their curvature. According to the standard, the ideal chest should be barrel-shaped, deep and well developed.

Sometimes dogs of this breed have such an anomaly as the presence of wedge-shaped vertebrae, mainly in thoracic region. With this, the vertebrae have incorrect rectangular shape, but a trapezoid shape. This can lead to problems with the functioning of the spinal cord. This can lead to paralysis of the limbs.

Note: Males must have properly developed testes that are completely contained in the scrotum.

The dog's small tail should be thick at the base, tapering towards the tip. When excited, the tail should be no higher than the line of the back.

It’s worth moving a little away from the basic parameters of the standard and taking a closer look at this topic. Basically, French bulldog puppies are born with a naturally short tail. This can be explained by genetic predisposition.

But representatives of this breed do not always have such a tail. Some puppies are born with a tail longer than standard. In this case, the breeder must immediately decide whether it is necessary to dock (cut off part of) the puppy’s tail, since this operation is performed when the puppy is three to five days old, no later.

When selling a puppy, the breeder is required to indicate whether he has docked his pet's tail. Especially if it is purchased for breeding - a long tail can be inherited. And even in the case of an exhibition career, a long tail can become an obstacle.

Sometimes surgery is necessary medical indications. For example, if a French bulldog's tail begins to grow into its body or it fits so tightly to the body that there is no way to care for the area underneath where diaper rash may appear.

Limbs and mobility

The front legs support the entire body of the French Bulldog and are subject to heavy loads. Especially during exercise. Therefore, the limbs should not be close to each other. They should be straight, with well-developed muscles. Developed forearms should be straight and small, shoulder blades and shoulders should be powerful and also small, and elbows should fit snugly to the body.

The dog's compact, slightly rounded paws are slightly turned forward. They have dense pads and tightly spaced toes.

The length of the powerful hind legs is ideally slightly longer than the front legs. They are even and parallel to each other. Powerful thighs should not have round shapes. The hock joints are not particularly angled and are quite close to the ground.

The French Bulldog moves easily and straight, with its limbs moving parallel to its body.

As you grow and gain muscle mass The dog feels all the confidence during physical activity.

Coat

French bulldogs are born short-haired, with straight hair that fits tightly to the body. The dog's coat should be shiny and slightly rough to the touch.

Color

To find out to what age these animals grow, you need to track how much the dog weighs during its growth. For convenience, all the necessary data is presented in the French Bulldog weight table by month:

As can be seen from this table, standard dogs grow to the age of ten to eleven months. After this, the animal stops gaining weight and begins to grow in width. First comes the growth of the chest and head, as well as muscle mass. French bulldogs reach their final size by the age of one and a half years.

But not all French bulldogs grow and develop according to these data. There is an unofficial variety of mini bulldogs, whose weight is less than the standard minimum of eight kilograms, and accordingly the height of such individuals can be less than twenty-five centimeters. Such dogs are commonly called dwarf French bulldogs.

The lifespan of standard representatives of the breed varies from ten to twelve years. But mini dogs do not fit the standard parameters due to their lack of height and weight. If an animal weighs less than the standard minimum between the ages of eleven months and two years, it is not developing properly compared to normal French Bulldogs.

As a result, mini bulldogs live less, sometimes not reaching the minimum standard age of ten years. Average duration The lifespan of mini dogs varies from seven to nine years, or even less.

With poor care, a dog's life can be shortened by several years. In general, such animals have not gained in height and weight due to their tendency to various diseases And mental disorders. That's why they need additional conditions throughout all years of life.

Character

French bulldogs have a multi-faceted character. Mostly they are energetic, but sometimes they are lazy. They have a stable and calm psyche, but sometimes they can show aggression towards other dogs.

Representatives of this breed are friendly, love their owner and his family, and enjoy spending time with children.

Flaws

Any deviation, even a slight one, from the basic parameters of the standard is considered a defect. The seriousness of defects is assessed according to their degree of materiality.

Vices

A French Bulldog may be disqualified if it has the following faults:

Does your dog fit the standard standards?

Some important information about the English Bulldog, which is intended mainly for those who are planning to get this wonderful dog.

The list of the most popular dog breeds today is headed by representatives of compact and decorative individuals - Yorkshire terriers and chihuahua. These are the dictates of the times. Once very popular among lovers of domestic fauna, the English bulldog is now far from high ranking positions due to various circumstances, which we will not delve into. A person who decides to get this unique dog will hardly pay attention to fashion trends.

Be that as it may, the bulldog, the bull dog (literally translated into Russian) is a completely recognizable breed in the world. Can be both a bodyguard and a companion for the owner. During its existence, it has undergone many different changes in terms of exterior and character.

Historical information about the origin of the breed

English bulldogs were bred around the 16th century. In 1576, a book by cynologist John Caius about local dog breeds was published in Great Britain, and “bulldog” is not mentioned in it. Although there is a description of breeds of mastiffs (bandoggs), endowed by nature, as written in the publication, enormous energy, physical strength, ferocity and stubbornness. They were used to work with angry bulls. The dog, at the owner's command, had to grab the bull's ear or neck, and he instantly calmed down. Subsequently, this skill served as a reason to give the name to the breed.

First of all, it is worth noting pronounced individual characteristics: the English bulldog is specific in appearance, calm and phlegmatic. This is a kind of real English gentleman of the canine family. It combines the best signs of impressiveness and aristocracy. Over time this The breed, along with such as the English Great Dane and Mastiff, has turned from a fighting breed into almost a decorative one.. In our time, numerous attempts have been made to return the bulldog to the previous signs of a baiting dog, but they have so far been unsuccessful. However, many fans of the English bulldog are quite happy with the way he is at the moment.

The exterior has undergone the most noticeable metamorphoses. Until relatively recently, this four-legged Briton was an individual with crooked legs with a low-slung body and many folds on the muzzle, but in the current historical era, the “bull dog” acquired smooth silhouette lines, the body became powerful and athletic.

The English bulldog acquired brothers in the process of evolution. They live on both sides of the ocean, in countries with completely different climatic conditions. We note the following varieties:

American Bulldog, brought to the States by European immigrants primarily to compete in dog fights;
French, also moved from England to Normandy, and from there the bulldog population began to spread to other areas. This dog is significantly smaller in size than other bulldogs;
Staffordshire Terrier;
Australian;
Alapaha;
Latin American;
Old English;
Victorian;
Renaissance Bulldog;
Dorset Bulldog.

Standards for a non-standard dog

The English Bulldog is a stocky, compact, broad-shouldered, confident domestic animal with a massive head and a wide body.

A description of this dog cannot be complete without mentioning its peculiar movements when walking: it shuffles amusingly, moves imposingly, and waddles.

Standard english bulldog implies harmonious body proportions with height parameters of 35–40 centimeters at the withers. The weight of an adult animal varies from 20 to 25 kg.

The coat is short, smooth, soft. It can be monochromatic (white, red), as well as variegated, for example, white-red or white with brown spots. The front of the head is covered with folds of skin, and a so-called skin dewlap is formed on the throat.

The skull is large, the forehead is flat, the cheeks are convex. The eyes are medium-sized, round, low-set. The ears are rose-shaped and set wide apart.

The lower jaw has jowls - thick lips, and the jaws themselves are powerful, square, with the lower one protruding forward more than the upper one.

The neck is short and thick, muscular body with a voluminous chest, toned belly and a strong back.

Stable short limbs. The paws are small, medium in size, the front ones are directed forward, and the rear ones are in space.

English Bulldogs have a straight, short (or corkscrew) tail.

Performance and health

If over time the appearance of the bulldog has undergone changes, internally it has changed slightly. Any dog, be it a boxer, shepherd, cocker spaniel, or English dog, has its pros and cons. . Our character is no exception in this regard. This is a strong-willed animal with a fair amount of perseverance, courage, honor and dignity. He loves to fight with his brothers and members of any foreign breed, and is stable in his likes and dislikes.

There is an opinion that modern dogs This breed is more polite and almost more intelligent than their ancestors. However, a bulldog is still a bulldog. And even though initially he is affectionate and gentle, but on occasion he can show character and declare his own superiority.

In general, the main idolized person for a pet will always be the owner. If you can’t establish normal communication with an animal, it makes sense to consult with a reputable dog handler.

If the English Great Dane is purchased by both villagers and city dwellers equally, then bulldogs are mainly purchased by owners of spacious apartments and large private houses. Some are annoyed by the habit of these dogs periodically snoring., but most find a piquant charm in it. A bulldog is always ready to sacrifice himself for the well-being and safety of his owner, and also has difficulty enduring forced loneliness and lack of communication. In general, these are good-natured and calm animals. We can say that the character of the “British” is truly British. The key feature is equanimity and even stiffness. He is quite intelligent and quick-witted, children play with him with pleasure, since the bulldog is friendly and benevolent.

It is not advisable to take a bulldog out Fresh air in the heat and in the winter cold. These dogs are too short Airways, and therefore they are prone to overheating in the sun and colds when the cold season approaches.

The bulldog seems lazy, but he also needs certain physical exercise and outdoor games. And even though the dogs are not very hardy, they are enough for short distances. If you are interested in the question of how long English bulldogs live, then the answer will be laconic: on average, about 10 years.

Bulldog training

When carrying out educational exercises, he sometimes shows stubbornness, so one should not be surprised at the length of training and the difficult acquisition by the dog of any useful skill. There is a stereotype that bulldogs try to save energy and move little because they are too physical exercise cause significant harm to their health. This characteristic is not entirely true: The English Bulldog is strong, active, and does not shy away from regular walks..

If a pet persists during training, the teacher’s task is to re-obstinate him. It turns out that further training will follow the established pattern. From now on, he will carry out all commands with concentration and diligence. Therefore, you should take a leash, a little treat for the trained one, and go for training in a combination of monotonous exercises, small rewards and special mechanical devices (for example, a collar with spikes).

The English Bulldog is unpretentious, but requires regular brushing and vaccination. The fur is cleaned moderately with a stiff brush, frequent washing There is no need - a couple of times a year is more than enough. To prevent your pet from catching any infection, be sure to wipe the folds warm water and a sponge, and then a cotton swab.

What should feeding be like?

English bulldog with his big head and a strong skeleton needs high-calorie, but not rich food with a decent calcium content. You should also take into account the tendency of bulldogs to quickly gain excess weight. There is no need to overfeed him. This especially reduces the number of years of females, especially when they have whelped. It's best to choose natural nutrition, V as a last resort, ready-made feed excellent quality.

The English Bulldog loves to eat delicious food. You need to feed your dog fresh beef, meat broth, cottage cheese and other dairy products, cereals with a small addition of feed. But under no circumstances should a bulldog’s bowl contain sweets, smoked foods, or spicy foods. In addition, be sure to exclude pork!

As a rule, the entire period of development and formation of a dog is divided into several main stages, during each of which the animal acquires certain life experience.

The feeding process is accompanied by characteristic movements of the puppy's paws, as if pushing away the mother's belly, which helps him suck out more milk.

1st stage (initial)

In French Bulldog puppies, the initial development period lasts from the 1st to the 7th week of their life. Before reaching 2 weeks of age, the baby is practically helpless and completely dependent on the mother.

The main needs of a puppy at this age are eating (mother's milk), prolonged sleep and staying in constant warmth. The sucking reflex is given to the dog from birth, which allows the baby to quickly find the mother’s nipple, hold it for a certain time and actively suck milk.

By how energetically a puppy sucks its mother's milk, dog breeders determine its potential vitality, nature and degree of activity.

From about the 15th day of life, a bulldog puppy begins to develop visual and auditory perception of the surrounding world. Three-week-old bulldogs can already walk independently, maintaining their balance, and also eat liquid food as a complement to mother's milk. At this age, babies still retain certain dependence from mother, but do not have yet social connection with his brothers.

Stage 2 (adaptation)

The puppy adapts to the conditions environment during the first month of life. At this time, the baby is gradually mastering a new world for him. Playing with his mother and other puppies, the little bulldog learns the basics of relationships with his own kind and learns discipline.

In the first weeks of life, the puppy's behavior is based mainly on the innate instincts that he inherited from his mother. Further, the formation of the dog’s character and habits will largely depend on you.

This period is very important for the development of basic conditioned reflexes, because 4-7 week old puppies are very susceptible to all changes in the world around them and they already have a pronounced ability to acquire certain skills.

During the period of adaptation to the environment, it is necessary to carefully observe the behavior of children, noting the most striking manifestations of their character. Adaptation to external environment is achieved by puppies through auditory, visual, tactile and olfactory contacts with the objects around them.

At this time, the puppy gradually adapts to its mother. The reflex he acquired - to always follow her - will later manifest itself in the owner’s house: the puppy will very quickly get used to following a person. Lethargic, inactive puppies do not adapt well to environmental conditions, and subsequently it will not be easy for them to establish contact with people and relatives.

By the way, sniffing a person is a unique way for a puppy to get to know him. A dog can remember a lot of things by smell. different people. The number of new acquaintances the puppy makes will determine his future communication abilities.

At the age of 4 to 8 weeks, bulldog babies do not yet experience a sense of fear of strangers, and puppies older than 8 weeks are usually afraid of strangers and hide when meeting them. Therefore, when taking a puppy into the house, the owner must first of all pay attention to his pet’s communication with other people. If this is not done, the dog may grow up either too timid or, on the contrary, too aggressive towards others.

Do not deprive your bulldog of communication with your close friends, relatives, neighbors: remember that your dog’s sociability is the key to its successful upbringing and training.

At 4–6 weeks of age, the puppy is given a nickname, which is chosen at the request of the owner. It may not coincide with the nickname that was assigned to the puppy at the time of its registration in the stud book.

The name of a French bulldog must contain the following vowels - such as A, I, E and Yu. And in no case should the dog's name repeat any human name (Maxim, Sasha, Misha, Olya). As a last resort, names that are rare or not used in our country are acceptable.

Keep in mind that the dog's name should consist of a small number of syllables. The more there are, the longer the bulldog will get used to its name. The nickname must be clearly pronounced, so try to include the following letters: N, L, R, CH, B, V and D. The letters S, W, K, G, P and T are not recommended.

The nickname becomes very quickly important part French Bulldog personality. That’s why start teaching your puppy to respond to her as quickly as possible. Remember, the longer the name, the more difficult it is for the dog to remember it.

As soon as you bring the puppy home, let him know that he now has his own given name, which should be responded to. Try to plan the training process so that the dog associates the name with something pleasant, such as food or a walk.

Stage 3 (socialization)

The puppy's socialization stage is the period of its active acquaintance with the outside world. This stage occurs between 8 and 12 weeks of age. At this age, bulldog puppies are very active and curious. Babies treat other living beings with friendly curiosity. They sniff their new acquaintances, and a loud yelp or bark from an animal is just a common reaction to an unfamiliar object.

The puppy is very interested in various sounds: voices coming from a TV or radio, noise arising from the operation of household appliances, phone calls and other sounds. During this period, your pet gets acquainted with many new phenomena and things: furniture in the apartment, flowers and trees on the street, birds outside the window, perhaps some animals that are in your house (cat, hamster).

French bulldog puppies are very inquisitive

At 8–12 weeks of age, puppies have increased excitability and unstable psyche. During this period, they simply need the attentive, sensitive and caring attitude of the owner towards them. We must remember that stressful situations may occur in a puppy not only as a result of overwork, but also, for example, during therapeutic and preventive manipulations, vaccination at the veterinarian, etc. Therefore, when going to the veterinary clinic, take some treat with you to distract your puppy’s attention from procedures that frighten him.

The period of socialization is considered the most suitable for mastering the basics of training. Raising a bulldog begins with the simplest thing - teaching it to be handled. That is, the puppy (and subsequently an adult dog) must allow himself to be calmly picked up, examined by his teeth, ears, turned over, placed on the table and on the floor in a stand, and allowed to do with himself whatever he considers necessary owner. You should accustom your puppy to such restraint from the first days of his arrival in the house. Believe me: this will make it easier for you to care for him in the future.

At this time, you should also begin teaching your puppy general commands and actively discipline him. At this time, the baby must successfully carry out such commands from the owner as “Place!”, “Walk!” and “Come to me!”, and by the beginning of the 4th month of life, master more complex tasks. Now he can cope with the implementation of those orders and prohibitions of the owner, which are expressed by the commands “Lie down!”, “Sit!”, “Ugh!”, “No!”.

When raising a dog, you need to follow the well-known rule that any extremes are harmful. The owner's boundless love, as well as his excessive severity in communicating with his pet, will not help raise a good dog.

If you handle your bulldog skillfully and patiently, he will become a good and obedient student.

It is very important from the first days of communication with a puppy to let him understand that he must always obey his owner, and try to develop this skill in him even during play. The French Bulldog's charming appearance and good-natured nature often lead to these dogs being overly pampered from childhood. Punishment in this case does not bring much distress to the puppy, and he may become capricious and willful.

Here we must certainly talk about aggressiveness, which may still be present in behavior little puppy and which is often not taken seriously. And this is fundamentally wrong.

The bulldog puppy must be decisively shown from the very beginning that there is subordination in relations with a person. It often happens that the owners only laugh if the puppy growls or tries to bite. Therefore, it may be impossible adult dog distinguish innate aggressiveness from improper upbringing.

During the period of socialization of your pet, try to accustom him to establishing friendly contacts with other dogs that the owners walk at the same time as you. By enjoying communication with its own kind, the dog grows more balanced, and there are much fewer problems during training.

The French Bulldog is a breed whose breeding and development involved a great deal of work and experience of many people. Take bringing a puppy into your home seriously. Take care of the breed, raise, educate and care for the dog every day, and not from time to time.

It would be useful to remind the puppy’s owner that before the baby reaches 2 months of age, it is inappropriate and even harmful to start training with him, because during training the dog’s psyche is subjected to enormous stress, which can lead to stress.

Stage 4 (dominance)

This stage in the life of puppies occurs around the 12th to 16th week of life, when the struggle for leadership begins between dogs of the same age. The main thing that should happen during this period in the puppy’s psyche is recognition of its owner as a dominant personality, and other family members should also be of higher rank. Otherwise, the dog will pretend to be the leader, and the owner must always remain such.

Practice shows that there are three possible types of relationships between the owner and the dog, which are intensively formed when the puppy reaches 3–4 months of age. In the first case, leadership belongs to the person, in the second - to the bulldog, and in the third, a certain equality of rights is established between them.

At the first opportunity, a growing bulldog will definitely check who is in charge in the family. While playing, he can bite his owner, growl or bark at him. But, each time receiving a worthy rebuff, the puppy begins to recognize the dominant role of the person and learns to obey the owner.

If you want to raise your dog according to all the rules, your personal leadership should be the only acceptable option for you. Therefore, during games and walks, always pay attention Special attention the dog's behavior towards you. Contain your pet's curiosity and emotionality, not allowing him to pull you in one direction or the other. Use the “No!” commands. and “Ew!”, lightly slapping the dog on the thigh; Over time, she will learn that it is unacceptable to behave as she pleases with you. Right well behaved dog will never bark at the owner, much less bare his teeth and growl at him during play.

Thus, at the dominance stage, a closer psychological contact is established between the dog and its owner. Three month old bulldog proper education fully recognizes the rights of its owner.

During the period of dominance, the puppy already needs systematic training, during which the owner practices the commands “Come to me!”, “Stand!”, “Sit!”, “Lie down!” with him. Physical and mental stress at this age can gradually increase. For a 13-week-old bulldog, you should already purchase a collar and walk him on a leash.

The faster the dog recognizes the leadership of the owner, the more successful the training results will be, and communication with the animal will give you great pleasure.

It is necessary to take into account that by the age of 16 weeks, French bulldogs (especially males) have already completed the formation of their emotional perception of the world around them, and therefore certain skills and attitudes received from you by this time will remain with your dog for life.

5th stage (independence)

This stage The psychophysiological development of a dog continues from 4 months to 8 months of age. This is exactly the period when your pet, generally recognizing the leadership of the owner, can allow itself some liberties, trying to demonstrate its independence to the person and thereby showing individuality and realizing the desire for self-affirmation (this is characteristic not only of people, but also of dogs). How can this independence of your bulldog be expressed, which he will not fail to prove to you at the first opportunity?

Most likely, you will be disappointed to watch how your beloved dog, who just yesterday perfectly carried out this or that command, this time seems to not hear it at all and, in defiance, does not at all what is required of it.

In such a situation, you cannot relax and give your pet a chance to become the master of the situation, at least for a while. If you see that your bulldog is being willful, persistently ignoring the tasks received from you, do not follow his lead and persistently demand obedience and complete submission from the dog. Otherwise, your ward will develop an incorrigible habit of doing as he pleases.

Keep in mind that by demonstrating such behavior, the bulldog is trying to win for himself the right to do as he wishes, which, of course, is completely unacceptable for you.

Remember that if you do not pay due attention to the manifestations of its independence, the dog will begin to demonstrate willfulness in any situation, and in the future you will periodically be deprived of the opportunity to manage it and control its behavior.

At the same time, you should not bring down your anger on him and, using brute force, repeat the command in a threatening tone, wanting to achieve its correct execution at all costs. Build your dog's habit of obeying your commands differently: just don't let your bulldog off the leash until you are sure that your pet is perfectly doing everything you want from him.

An owner who indulges the whims and caprices of his dog risks in the future getting an uncontrollable and aggressive animal, loudly barking at every passing car or random passers-by. By showing firmness and persistence in dealing with your ward, you will be able to help him successfully overcome the period of independence and develop the constant habit of strictly following all your commands.

Stage 6 (overcoming fear)

This stage is characterized by the fact that your pet suddenly, for no particular reason, experiences fear of various objects that are already familiar to him and have not previously caused him any fear. negative emotions. At the same time, there is also a fear of new, unfamiliar objects. The owner must help the dog overcome fears of this kind.

This period may last for 1–2 months. It begins, depending on the individual developmental characteristics of the dog, at the age of 6 to 14 months.

You should give the dog the command “Stop!”, then approach the object that causes causeless fear at your four-legged friend, and touch the thing that frightens him with his hand. After this, having commanded “Come to me!”, you must wait until your pet also approaches an object that is not at all scary for you (you have already clearly demonstrated this), and makes sure for yourself that this thing does not pose any danger. Behave calmly and confidently, and this condition will immediately be transmitted to your dog.

7th stage (adolescent age)

This stage begins when the bulldog reaches one year of age and continues for 3 years. The dog, as in the period of independence, can make attempts to impose its will on the owner and take a dominant position in the family, as well as among its relatives.

During this period of time, the dog may behave inappropriately even with those to whom it had previously been very friendly and calm. For example, it is capable, completely unexpectedly for its owner, of attacking a fellow tribesman living next door and fighting with him, despite the fact that before both dogs were very friendly with each other and even played together. Friends who come to visit you may also be greeted with a menacing growl or barking right on the threshold, although previously your “Frenchman” treated the same visitors quite friendly.

If the dog is behaving too aggressively and you are unable to control it, you will need the advice of an experienced dog handler: a specialist will help change the situation for the better.

The main thing that is required of the owner during this period is not to lose self-control, perseverance and firmness, but at the same time maintain a good relationship with his stubborn four-legged dog.

Let's assume that some acquaintances come to visit you, to whose visits your pet has long been accustomed, but lately he has clearly not shown them his cordiality. In such a situation, you should not, however, isolate the dog from the people who come to you by locking it in another room. In this case, it is recommended to command the bulldog: “Place!” and give him the opportunity to remain among the arriving guests and feel like a full member of this company. At the same time, warn your friends so that they themselves do not seek to communicate with the dog: let it show its interest in those who come first. In this way, you demonstrate to your pet that you are in complete solidarity with your guests, that you are on their side and they demand respect no less than you do.

The transitional age for a dog is also the period when it reaches puberty. However, this does not mean at all that the process of physical and mental development your bulldog is already completed. Training sessions must remain regular; there is no need to give the dog the opportunity to present its own demands to the owner regarding its rights and responsibilities.

The French bulldog has a number of innate and acquired character traits that are finally formed only by the age of 3 (as a rule, these are instincts associated with the dog’s ability to protect its owner and his property).

French bulldogs, like all their varieties, have a characteristic appearance, are distinguished by intelligence and courage. These are compact, affectionate dogs with an easy-going and cheerful disposition. They are loyal to their owner, love children and home environment, loyal to the weak.

French bulldogs inherited their structure from distant ancestors - English bulldogs. In past fighting dogs, now these are decorative friendly bulldogs. Many famous people acquire pets of this breed.

History of the breed

The ancestors of the dwarf bulldog and the boxer were fighting dogs - English bulldogs, who participated in the popular English sport of bull baiting. After the ban on cruel competitions, they tried to train animals to participate in dog fights, but nothing came of it.

Forgotten in England, the ancestors of bulldogs unexpectedly took root in France, where many Englishmen emigrated in the mid-19th century in search of work, taking their favorite animals with them. Thanks to their ability to deftly destroy rats and mice, they have won popular love in the country.

European breeders decided to turn the ferocious dog into a good-natured ornamental animal. A few decades later, by crossing an English bulldog with a pug and a terrier, dwarf breed bulldog. In America it has become one of the most popular and beloved. They paid a lot of money for the French and officially recognized them.

In Russia, an unusual dog appeared in the twenties of the last century and became a fashionable, expensive toy for rich people. And today many celebrities are delighted with funny little ears.

Gallery: French bulldog (25 photos)

Description of the breed and character of the French Bulldog

The Dwarf Bulldog is an ideal companion dog, family member and true friend. The standard - a description of the French bulldog breed - was changed several times, and in 1995 the final version was adopted.

Breed Features

This is the cutest animal with large rounded ears, a flat nose, numerous folds on a short muzzle, forked upper lip and protruding incisors. The dog has large, slightly bulging eyes with a black rim around the eyelids and an attentive, lively gaze.

At the Frenchman's muscular torso, wide back and chest, short tail, docked by nature. The hind limbs are slightly longer than the front ones, which is why the dog looks like it is stooped. The jaws are powerful and wide. Height at the withers is 30-35 cm, the weight of an adult bulldog can reach 14 kg. Life expectancy is 10−12 years.

The characteristic flattened muzzle and short nose of the Frenchie classify him as a short-headed dog. Such animals have noisy, labored breathing and are not adapted to long runs and hot weather. The cute bulldog sniffs a lot and even snores often due to his physiological characteristics.

Color

Character of the breed

Representatives of this breed, in addition to their pleasant appearance, have a wonderful character, but sometimes like to play pranks. They get along well with all family members, adore small children, and get along well with other pets. All owners give positive characterization French bulldog.

A little dog has a bold character and can, on occasion, stand up for his master, whom he loves very much. He senses the weather in the house well and adapts to the mood of his household. He will calmly wait for attention to show itself.

Bulldogs do not need long walks; they feel great in an apartment. But they really don’t like to be left alone for a long time and can play pranks. They love to sniff everything around, thus choosing by smell what and who they like.

French bulldogs are stubborn and therefore difficult to train. But, with patience, you can teach them to follow commands, rewarding them with treats, games, and affection. A child can easily cope with Frenchie training.

Advantages of the breed:

Disadvantages of the breed:

does not tolerate cold and heat well;
for walking you need special clothes;
swims poorly;
may snore;
often suffers from allergies;
there is often a problem with the third eyelid that requires surgery;
difficulty in reproduction.

Care and feeding

For dogs of this breed easy to care for. They do not have specific smell and they should be bathed no more often than once every three months, unless there is special contamination. Frequent bathing may dry out the skin. Brushing your bulldog's fur once a week is sufficient. It is necessary to check the pads on the paws to ensure there are no cracks, and trim the nails.

The folds on the bulldog's face require special care, as moisture and dirt accumulate there. You should wipe these areas with wet wipes more often. Must be checked regularly big ears and clean them. Dental care is needed: brush once a week with a special tooth powder for dogs.

An adult dog is fed 2-3 times a day, and puppies 4-6 times. It is better to train the animal to eat at the same time.

Natural food is lean meat, offal, sea fish without bones. Additionally, you can feed with eggs, cereals, fermented milk products, vegetables. Fruits are a treat for the baby and can be a means of encouragement.

Dry food contains the necessary additives and it is wise to alternate both types of feeding.

Types of Bulldogs

Bulldogs can be easily recognized by their characteristic appearance. These are smart, brave and loyal dogs. Of the extant species American and English bulldogs stand out.

Choosing a puppy and keeping it

French - popular breed and puppies can be purchased without problems, preferably, of course, in a nursery. How much does a French Bulldog puppy cost? Without documents - from 2500 rubles, but with a pedigree it is much more expensive - from 20 thousand rubles.

Choosing a puppy in a kennel, you need to pay attention to the condition of the coat, skin, ears and eyes, whether the stomach is swollen. It is better to look through several options, make inquiries about the parents, the character of the bully, his behavior. Healthy puppies always active and sociable.

You should also examine the documents and availability of vaccinations. For reliability, you can resort to the help of an independent expert who understands dog breeds. Right choice will help avoid a lot of problems and a healthy animal will delight the whole family for at least 10 years.

The dogs are taken home at the age of 45 days. They are immediately accustomed to hygiene procedures and proper feeding:

at 1.5-2 months you need to feed 6 times a day;
at 3 months - 5 times;
at 4-7 months - 4 times;
at 8 months - 3 times;
after a year - 2 times.

Weight of small bulldogs by month. Table

Newborn puppy	200−300 g
1 month	1−1.5 kg
2 months	2−2.5 kg
3 months	3.3−5 kg
4 months	4−6 kg
5 months	4.8−7.5 kg
6 months	5.5−9 kg
7 months	6.5−10.5 kg
8 months	7.2−11.5 kg
9 months	8−13 kg
10−12 months	9−15 kg

The size and weight of the Frenchie are determined by many factors, including genetics.

When feeding natural food, it is necessary to feed your small pet with vitamins and minerals for full development. If you have any problems, contact your veterinarian, who will always give advice.

Necessary teach your baby from the first days follow simple commands and let him know who’s boss in the house. No physical punishment, just an authoritative voice and obligatory encouragement if the puppy does everything right.

The adorable Mini French Bulldog is great for families with children and single seniors who need companionship. There won't be many problems with him. He easily tolerates trips and changes in environment, and can do without walking for some time. A healthy, well-groomed animal will be a loyal and cheerful friend.

Attention, TODAY only!

Proper feeding is the key to the dog’s health and the development of the correct exterior. Great importance from the first days it is given to raising a puppy, i.e. such an influence that develops and consolidates useful skills and inhibits harmful ones.
French bulldog is muscular dog with strong bones, the harmonious build of which depends on proper feeding, walking, and education.
Developmental indicators are growth rate and weight gain.

Age, months	Weight, kg
1	1,4
1,5	1,8
2	2.5
3	4
4.5	8

At 6 months, females weigh on average 8-9 kg, and males 9-10 kg. The growth rate from 1 to 2 months increases by 2-2.5 times, and from the 2nd to 6th by 3 times.
The maximum height at the withers for adult males is 37 cm. By 2 months, puppies' ears are fully erect, from 3-5 months the change of primary incisors begins, from 4 - canines, by 5 - the prepainters change. By 7-8 months of development, the change of teeth is completely completed. Bite - snack. By 6 months, the growth of tubular bones ends.
From the 7th to the 9th month, the puppies' exploration process predominates, so they should be walked on a leash.
For proper development forelimbs up to 1.5 years old, avoid puppies going down stairs and jumping from heights. Playing with a rag is not allowed, especially power games, because this contributes to the extension of the lower jaw and malocclusion.
From 8 months, exercise includes active games, the dog must run a lot, jump on straight ground, run uphill - which it does without being forced.

STAGES OF PUPPY DEVELOPMENT

A. EMBRYONAL
1. Pre-embryonic - development of the egg before fertilization.
2. Embryonic - 20-25 days - from the moment of fertilization to the formation of the fetus.
3. Fetal - before the puppy is born.

B. POSTEMBRYONAL
1. Newborn- up to 15 days.
The puppy is deaf and blind. There are feeding and sucking reflexes (up to 10-14 days). Nail trimming is carried out on days 4-6.
2. Sucking (milk)- up to 1.5-2 months.
Tactile, visual, and auditory reflexes appear (from 10 to 14 days). By 3 weeks, baby teeth appear. Excitation processes and indicative reflexes predominate. This period (from 3 weeks to 45 days) is characterized by the appearance of primary analyzers.
3. Pre-pubescent (puppies)- up to 2-6 months:
a) up to 3.5 months, primary socialization occurs, i.e. getting to know the world. During this period, the coloring of the iris of the eyes occurs, and behavioral and exterior traits are formed.
b) from 3.5 months they begin to form psychological characteristics. From 3.5 months, the “caution” reflex appears, and orientation reflexes become stronger. An active defensive reaction appears.
By 6 months, the testes descend into the scrotum. You can begin educational training, remembering that inhibitory reflexes are poorly developed.
4. Young animals- from 6 to 12 months. This is the period of puberty. Features appear individual development. From the 7th to the 9th months, “research” processes predominate. It is necessary to pay more attention to the puppy, devote more time to him, and walk him on a leash.
5. Young dogs- from 1 year to 2-2.5 years. The development of the dog ends. This is the period of greatest receptivity to training.

Consider the stages of growth and development of French Bulldog puppies
You can use the example of two wonderful babies

On September 20, 1999, in Seattle, USA, the fawn-spotted female Wanda gave birth to two wonderful girls. Chipa, a fawn-spotted dog, soon moved to another house, where her new owners gave her the name Sassy. And the red-fawn one, with a black Twiga mask, stayed to live with her parents.

1 Week:

We have just been born, and are still blind, deaf and completely helpless.

We've been here for three days now and for some reason I always want to sleep.

Mother! Well, I really want to eat!

2 weeks:

And we already see everything.

3 weeks:

Well, will someone tell us when they will feed us?

4 weeks:

After lunch there is time to think about probability theory.
For example, what is the probability that they will forget and feed you again?