How to take Diacarb for children and adults - indications, dosage, side effects, analogues and price. Diacarb instructions for use
Diacarb belongs to the saluretic diuretics, that is, drugs that increase urine production by the kidneys by leaching out salts. Diacarb removes fluid from the body with a group of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium, as well as bicarbonates and ammonium.
The loss of potassium must be compensated for, because this ion is necessary for the functioning of the heart. Therefore, Diacarb is usually prescribed together with Asparkam. Reducing the amount of ammonia in the blood is certainly beneficial.
When taken orally, diacarb is rapidly absorbed, being detected in maximum concentration after six hours. The drug is excreted by the kidneys in its original form, without leaving its breakdown products in the blood and tissues.
Reasons for appointment
Diacarb is prescribed for retention of sodium ions and fluid in the body, which is usually defined as edema. This usually occurs with edema syndrome, in painful premenstrual state. Diakarb also copes with fluid retention associated with liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure or vascular problems. In addition, it improves the condition of patients with emphysema and bronchial asthma, as well as in acute period altitude sickness.
Diacarb is widely used in neurology. So, this diuretic is prescribed for tetany and preeclamptic conditions. In combination with other drugs, Diacarb is prescribed for epilepsy to reduce tension in the lesion.
When glaucoma occurs, causing problems with vision and pain symptoms. Diacarb alleviates this condition even during acute condition, regardless of the underlying cause of glaucoma. Possible use for Meniere's disease and gout.
How to take Diacarb?
Diacarb is produced in the form of tablets of 250 mg. Small white tablets contain potato starch and talc as excipients. They are packed 12 pieces per palette, 24 in one cardboard box. Tablets are taken orally according to an individual regimen, determined by the course of the underlying disease and general condition body. Each Diacarb tablet should be eaten whole, without chewing. Then drink with a small amount of water.
For conditions associated with edema, 1-2 tablets are usually prescribed in the morning and evening, for no more than 5 days in a row. With more long-term use, and also with an overdose of the drug may develop metabolic acidosis. This occurs when there is an electrolyte imbalance.
For epilepsy and glaucoma, taking Diacarb is usually long-term. Therefore, the courses are divided into several parts. Additionally, blood tests are taken for electrolytes, ABC (acid-base balance) and general clinical analysis. For large courses of taking Diacarb there is important point- if a dose was missed once, then the next time the drug is taken at the prescribed time in the prescribed dose. You cannot increase the dose to compensate for the missed dose!
For patients with cardiovascular diseases with edema, the appointment of Diacarb does not cancel a diet with a reduced amount of table salt. Diacarb is prescribed to children once a day. In this case, you need to give the dose in the morning.
To prevent the development of altitude sickness, diacarb should be used a couple of days before going to the mountains. If swelling does begin, then the drug is continued for several more days, but not longer than five.
Contraindications to taking Diacarb
There are a number of diseases and conditions of the body for which Diacarb is not prescribed. These include acute failure liver or kidneys, lack of potassium in plasma (hypokalemia), acidosis and uremia. Endocrinological problems include: diabetes, Addison's disease and hypoadrenocorticism.
Patients with hypersensitivity to diacarb or excipients drug, you must notify your doctor about this. Because this feature of the body is a direct contraindication for prescribing the medicine.
Diacarb is strictly not prescribed to pregnant and lactating women!
Diacarb is used very carefully in patients taking aspirin, for example, to prevent myocardial infarction. After all, this changes the fluidity of the blood. A cardiologist who prescribes both of these drugs together must consider a compensation scheme and also remember the balance of potassium in the blood. In case of chronic renal or liver failure, Diacarb is prescribed carefully, with regular monitoring of blood electrolytes.
Side effects
Diacarb does not have a strong destructive effect on the human body and does not cause damage if the rules of administration are followed. Some allergy sufferers may experience hives, rashes, and itchy skin. Rapid loss of potassium and fluid may cause muscle weakness, partial loss of touch, tinnitus, very rarely - convulsions.
Long-term use of Diacarb without replacing the electrolytes lost by the body leads to increased blood acidity, the appearance of blood and sugar in the urine, disturbances in the blood picture (anemia, leukopenia). Conditions such as decreased concentration, impaired orientation in space, drowsiness, and decreased tactile sensitivity also occur.
Rarely, crystal deposition in the kidneys caused by acidosis occurs. There may also be gastrointestinal manifestations: nausea or vomiting, symptoms of diarrhea. 
Co-administration with other drugs
It is important for patients with epilepsy to remember that taking Diacarb together with other anticonvulsants enhances the leaching of calcium from bones. This leads to osteomalacia.
The simultaneous use of several diuretics increases the loss of electrolytes, especially potassium. Also, large losses of potassium occur when diacarb is combined with glucocorticosteroids. When prescribing such drugs together, it is necessary to replace electrolyte losses. For example, using asparkam.
Diacarb enhances toxic effect cardiac glycosides, non-polarizing muscle relaxants and salicylic acid salts.
There are no structural analogues of this drug. Diuretics such as Lasix (furosemide) or veroshpiron (spironolactone) are not analogues of Diacarb and cannot serve as a replacement for it.
Diacarb for intracranial pressure has been used in neurology for more than 50 years. Due to its mild effects, it can be used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, of cardio-vascular system not only in adults, but also in children.
The active substance of Diakarba, acetozolamide, has a therapeutic effect in the fight against hydrocephalus, apnea syndrome, increased intracranial pressure and a number of others pathological conditions.
Release form and dosage
Diuretic drug
A single dose of Diacarb in adults is 250 mg. It coincides with the dosage of the tablets in the blister.
To normalize ICP (intracranial pressure), doctors prescribe 1 tablet per day. The dose can be divided into two doses, every 12 hours. In severe cases of the disease, the maximum amount of the substance for oral use should not exceed 750–1000 mg per day.
Diacarb for intracranial pressure in adults is also used in the composition complex therapy for glaucoma, severe edema of various parts of the body, dropsy of the brain, epilepsy, Meniere's disease, gout, emphysema and bronchial asthma.
Pharmacodynamics
Diacarb has a weak diuretic effect. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase prevents the absorption of sodium and potassium by the nephrons of the kidneys.
The diuretic effect of using the tablet drug leads to increased excretion of electrolytes. The side effect is the occurrence of hypokalemia and loss of magnesium, which can cause a violation heart rate.
Promotion acid-base reaction as a result of reducing the level of carbonic acid, it is successfully used to relieve breathing disorders during sleep.
Diacarb is used as part of complex therapy for ICH
When taking the drug regularly, it is necessary to interrupt therapy after three days to restore the activity of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. If this treatment regimen is followed, the medication has a moderate diuretic effect.
Why monitor enzyme activity?
Reduced carbonic anhydrase activity has a therapeutic effect:
- leads to a decrease in the synthesis of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, which has a beneficial effect on the treatment of ICP;
- suppresses foci of epileptic activity.
Diacarb is a universal drug for the treatment of neurological pathologies in adults and children.
Distribution and absorption in the body
The drug is taken with a sufficient amount of water. Maximum concentration substances in the blood are observed after 1-3 hours. The complete elimination period is 24 hours.
Diacarb is distributed in red blood cells, brain, eyeballs, kidneys, muscle tissue. It has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, so it is not prescribed to pregnant and nursing mothers.
It does not accumulate in the body and is excreted from the body by the kidneys without the formation of metabolites.
Destination Features
Asparkam is a source of potassium and magnesium ions
Diacarb is used for hydrocephalus in adults in combination with Asparkam. This is especially true for long-term diseases. The decongestant effect is enhanced with complex therapy, Asparkam replenishes losses minerals in organism.
The regimen for adults to take Diacarb and Asparkam for hydrocephalus is to prescribe after one day or two, but in any case, the duration of the course should not exceed more than 10 days.
Hydrocephalus in adults is treated with the combined interaction of Diacarb and surgical treatment.
If the treatment regimen was followed, no overdose symptoms were observed. However, symptomatically, a shift in electrolyte balance and acidosis may occur. The condition normalizes on its own and does not require special treatment.
Contraindications for use
Like any other medicine, Diacarb has contraindications for use
Before taking Diacarb for intracranial pressure, you need to familiarize yourself with the list of contraindications. As with therapy by others medications, there are conditions that prohibit the use of this diuretic:
- hypokalemia and hyponatremia;
- metabolic acidosis;
- failure of liver and kidney function in acute and chronic stage;
- pregnancy;
- Addison's disease;
- increased sensitivity to the components included in the medicinal product.
Use in children
The use of the drug in children under three years of age is not allowed. The drug Diacarb in children can only be prescribed by a doctor after diagnosis. The treatment regimen depends on the severity of the disease and individual characteristics child. To replenish the amount of potassium necessary for the normal development and functioning of the heart, Asparkam is prescribed in combination with Diacarb. The dosage of substances can be reduced if side effects.
How to use Diacarb for intracranial pressure in children:
- from 4 months up to one year – 50 mg per day, divided into two doses;
- 2-3 g – up to 125 mg twice;
- 4-18 years old – 125-250 mg in the morning.
In the treatment of hydrocephalus and intracranial pressure For children under one year of age, pediatricians recommend Asparkam in addition to Diacarb. The course of therapy is three days, the dosage is selected individually for each patient. This is done to replenish potassium losses during monotherapy with Diacarb. The drug is prescribed after clinical examination child. It eliminates excessive arousal and increases daily diuresis.
During the hot season, diuretics should be taken with extreme caution, as they can cause dehydration and a shift in electrolyte balance, which is especially dangerous in childhood.
Drug interactions
An increase in effect is observed during joint therapy with Diacarb and certain groups of substances:
- antagonists folic acid;
- means to lower blood sugar levels;
- anticoagulants;
- cardiac glycosides;
- hypertensive drugs;
- with Aminophylline (increases the amount of daily urine);
- β-blockers.
Interaction with aspirin is not allowed due to toxic effects on the brain.
Ammonium chloride weakens the effect of the diuretic. Diacarb increases the concentration of muscle relaxants in the blood.
What are the possible side effects?
The drug has a mild effect and, as a rule, does not cause side effects. However, in some cases, dyspeptic disorders and work disturbances are possible. nervous system.
For drivers Vehicle Diacarb should not be used during work
At long-term use laboratory monitoring of blood parameters is necessary. Dose adjustment is made in case of increased blood sugar, persistent decrease in sodium and potassium, changes acid-base balance.
Analogues of Diacarb include Diuremide, Diamox, Diluran, Glaupax. This medications With active substance acetazolamide various brands.
Diuretics with potassium-sparing properties are no less in demand in neurology, which allows reducing the number of medicines, used when long-term treatment.
Diuretic. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Active substance
Release form, composition and packaging
Pills white, round, biconvex.
Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose - 80.76 mg, povidone - 8.64 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide - 1.8 mg, croscarmellose sodium - 7 mg, magnesium stearate - 1.8 mg.
10 pieces. - blisters (3) - cardboard packs.
pharmachologic effect
Acetazolamide is a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with weak diuretic activity. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme involved in the process of hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase reduces the formation of bicarbonate ions with a subsequent decrease in sodium transport into cells. The effects of using the drug Diakarb are determined by the point of application of the molecule: the choroid plexuses of the brain, the proximal nephron, the ciliary body of the eye, red blood cells.
Acetazolamide is used to treat CSF flow disorders and intracranial hypertension by reducing excess CSF production at the level of the choroid plexuses of the brain. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in ependymocytes of the choroid plexus reduces the excess negative charge in ependymal cells and reduces gradient filtration into the cavity of the ventricles of the brain.
Acetazolamide is used in the treatment of edema syndrome due to its weak diuretic effect. As a result of inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in the proximal nephron, there is a decrease in the formation of carbonic acid and a decrease in the reabsorption of bicarbonate and Na + by the tubular epithelium, and therefore the release of water significantly increases. Acetazolamide increases the excretion of bicarbonates, which can lead to the development of metabolic acidosis. Acetazolamide causes the kidneys to excrete phosphates, magnesium, calcium, which can also lead to metabolic disorders. Over the next 3 days of therapy, reabsorption of Na + in the distal nephron is compensatory activated, reducing the effect of the drug Diacarb.
After 3 days from the start of use, acetazolamide loses its diuretic properties. After a break in treatment for several days, newly prescribed acetazolamide resumes its diuretic effect due to the restoration of normal carbonic anhydrase activity in the proximal nephron.
Acetazolamide is used to treat glaucoma. In the process of education aqueous humor eyes, bicarbonate ions are actively transported into rear camera from the cytoplasm of pigment-free cells to compensate for the gradient of positive ions caused by the active transport of Na + ions. CA inhibitors block the formation of carbonic acid, thereby reducing the production of HCO 3 -. In the absence of sufficient HCO 3 - ions, the positive ion gradient increases, which causes a decrease in the secretion of aqueous humor. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of the ciliary body reduces the secretion of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye, which reduces intraocular pressure. Tolerance to this effect does not develop. Iphthalmotonus when taking acetazolamide begins to decrease after 40-60 minutes, the maximum effect is observed after 3-5 hours, intraocular pressure remains lower baseline within 6-12 hours. On average, intraocular pressure decreases by 40-60% of the initial level.
The drug is used as aid in the treatment of epilepsy, because inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in nerve cells brain inhibits pathological excitability.
Pharmacokinetics
Suction
Acetazolamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After taking the drug orally at a dose of 500 mg Cmax active substance is 12-27 mcg/ml and is achieved after 1-3 hours. The minimum concentration of acetazolamide in plasma remains for 24 hours after taking the drug.
Distribution and metabolism
Distributed mainly in red blood cells, blood plasma and kidneys, to a lesser extent in the liver, muscles, eyeball and CNS. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in small amounts in breast milk.
Does not accumulate in tissues and is not metabolized in the body.
Removal
It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. About 90% of the dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours.
Indications
- edematous syndrome (mild or moderate severity, in combination with alkalosis);
- relief of an acute attack of glaucoma, preoperative preparation patients with persistent cases of glaucoma (in complex therapy);
- for epilepsy as complementary therapy to antiepileptic drugs;
— acute “high-altitude” illness (the drug reduces the acclimatization time);
— liquorodynamic disorders, intracranial hypertension(benign intracranial hypertension, intracranial hypertension after ventricular bypass surgery) in complex therapy.
Contraindications
- spicy renal failure;
- uremia;
— liver failure(risk of developing encephalopathy);
- hypokalemia;
- hyponatremia;
- metabolic acidosis;
- hypocortisolism;
- Addison's disease;
- diabetes;
— I trimester of pregnancy;
- lactation period;
— childhood up to 3 years;
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
Carefully: edema of hepatic and renal origin, simultaneous administration s (doses more than 300 mg/day), pulmonary embolism and emphysema (risk of developing acidosis), II and III trimesters of pregnancy.
Dosage
The drug is taken orally, strictly as prescribed by the doctor.
If you miss a dose of the drug, you should not increase the dose at the next dose.
Edema syndrome
At the beginning of treatment, take 250 mg in the morning. To achieve the maximum diuretic effect, it is necessary to take Diacarb 1 time per day every other day or 2 days in a row with a one-day break. Increasing the dose does not enhance the diuretic effect.
Glaucoma
Diacarb should be taken as part of complex therapy.
For adults at open angle glaucoma the drug is prescribed in a dose of 250 mg 1-4 times/day. Doses exceeding 1000 mg do not increase the therapeutic effect. At secondary glaucoma the drug is prescribed at a dose of 250 mg every 4 hours during the day. In some patients, the therapeutic effect appears after short-term administration of the drug at a dose of 250 mg 2 times a day. At acute attacks glaucoma- 250 mg 4 times/day.
Children over 3 years old at attacks of glaucoma- 10-15 mg/kg body weight/day in 3-4 doses.
After 5 days of taking it, take a break for 2 days. With long-term treatment, it is necessary to prescribe potassium supplements and a potassium-sparing diet.
At preparation for surgery Prescribe 250-500 mg the day before and in the morning of the day of surgery.
Epilepsy
Doses for adults: 250-500 mg/day in 1 dose for 3 days, break on the 4th day.
When using acetazolamide simultaneously with other anticonvulsants, at the beginning of treatment, use 250 mg 1 time / day, gradually increasing the dose if necessary.
Doses for children over 3 years old: 8-30 mg/kg/day, divided into 1-4 doses. Maximum daily dose- 750 mg.
Acute altitude sickness
The drug should be used 24-48 hours before ascent. If symptoms of the disease appear, treatment is continued for the next 48 hours or longer if necessary.
Liquorodynamic disturbances, intracranial hypertension
It is recommended to use the drug at a dose of 250 mg/day or 125-250 mg every 8-12 hours. The maximum therapeutic effect is achieved when taking a dose of 750 mg/day. To achieve optimal therapeutic effect You may need to take the drug daily without intervals.
Side effects
Undesirable effects are classified according to frequency of occurrence and by organs and systems. The following definition of frequency of occurrence is accepted unwanted effects: very often (>1/10); often (>1/100,<1/10); нечасто (>1/1000, <1/100); редко (>1/10 000, <1/1000); очень редко (<1/10 000), частота неизвестна (не может быть определена на основании доступных данных).
From the hematopoietic system: rarely - aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, myelosuppression, pancytopenia.
From the immune system: frequency unknown - anaphylactic reactions.
Metabolism and nutrition: often - decreased appetite, taste disturbances, metabolic acidosis, metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disturbances (usually can be corrected by the administration of bicarbonate); infrequently - thirst; rarely - glucosuria; frequency unknown - hypokalemia, hyponatremia.
Mental disorders: infrequently - depression, irritability; frequency unknown - agitation, confusion, disorientation.
From the nervous system: often - dizziness, paresthesia, in particular a tingling sensation in the limbs; infrequently - hot flashes, headache; very rarely - drowsiness, peripheral paresis, convulsions; frequency unknown - ataxia.
From the side of the organ of vision: rarely - transient myopia (this condition completely disappeared when the dose was reduced or the drug was discontinued).
On the part of the hearing organ: rarely - hearing impairment and tinnitus.
From the digestive system: uncommon - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, melena; rarely - fulminant liver necrosis, liver dysfunction, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice; frequency unknown - dry mouth, dysgeusia, liver failure, hepatic colic.
From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: rarely - photosensitivity; frequency unknown - itching, rash, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, urticaria.
From the musculoskeletal system: frequency unknown - arthralgia.
From the urinary system: frequency unknown - formation of kidney stones, crystalluria, renal and ureteral colic and kidney damage, polyuria, hematuria, renal failure.
From the genital organs and breast: infrequently - decreased libido.
General disorders and disorders at the injection site: often - fatigue; infrequently - fever, weakness.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms are not described. Likely symptoms overdose may cause disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, metabolic acidosis, as well as disorders of the central nervous system.
Treatment: there is no specific antidote. Conduct symptomatic and supportive therapy. The content of electrolytes in the blood, especially potassium, sodium, as well as blood pH should be monitored. In case of metabolic acidosis, it is used. Acetazolamide is eliminated by hemodialysis.
Drug interactions
Acetazolamide may enhance the effect of folic acid antagonists, hypoglycemic agents and oral anticoagulants.
The simultaneous use of acetazolamide and acetylsalicylic acid can cause metabolic acidosis and increase toxic effects on the central nervous system.
When used together with cardiac glycosides or drugs that increase blood pressure, the dose of acetazolamide should be adjusted.
Acetazolamide increases the level of phenytoin in the blood serum.
Acetazolamide enhances the manifestations of osteomalacia caused by taking antiepileptic drugs.
The simultaneous use of acetazolamide and amphetamine or quinidine may increase their side effects.
Potentiation of the diuretic effect occurs when combined with methylxanthines (aminophylline).
A decrease in the diuretic effect occurs when combined with ammonium chloride and other acid-forming diuretics.
An increase in the hypotensive effect on intraocular pressure is possible with simultaneous use with cholinergic drugs and beta-blockers.
Acetazolamide enhances the effect of ephedrine.
Increases the plasma concentration of carbamazepine, non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
Increases lithium excretion.
special instructions
In case of hypersensitivity to the drug, life-threatening side effects may occur, for example, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, fulminant liver necrosis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia and bleeding diathesis. If these symptoms occur, you should immediately stop taking the drug.
Diacarb, used in doses higher than recommended, does not increase diuresis, but may increase drowsiness and paresthesia, and sometimes also reduce diuresis.
The drug can cause acidosis and should therefore be used with caution in patients with pulmonary embolism and emphysema.
The drug alkalinizes the urine.
Diacarb should be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus due to the increased risk of hyperglycemia.
If prescribed for more than 5 days, there is a high risk of developing metabolic acidosis.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Diacarb, especially in high doses, can cause drowsiness, less often fatigue, dizziness, ataxia and disorientation, therefore, during treatment, patients should not drive vehicles or operate mechanisms that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Pregnancy and lactation
There have been no well-controlled clinical studies of the use of Diacarb in pregnant women. Therefore, during pregnancy, Diacarb is contraindicated in the first trimester, and in the second and third trimesters it is used with caution and only in cases where the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Acetazolamide is excreted in small quantities into breast milk, therefore, if it is necessary to use the drug Diacarb during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.
Use in childhood
The use of the drug is contraindicated in children under 3 years of age.
Instructions for use and the exact dosage regimen depend on the specific disease. Exact instructions for use for adults and children for treatment of a specific ailment are prescribed by the attending physician. For example, for open-angle glaucoma, the dosage is from 250 mg to 1000 mg per day, for edema syndrome - up to 375 mg, and for epilepsy - 250-500 mg.
Indications for use of Diacarb
According to the indications, these tablets will be appropriate for the following ailments:
- secondary, primary, acute glaucoma;
- epilepsy – is part of complex treatment;
- edema syndrome (moderate and weak);
- altitude sickness (acclimatization at altitude is faster)
- intracranial hypertension.
Contraindications to the use of Diacarb
The instructions for the tablets contain not only indications, but also contraindications for adults. These include acidosis, cirrhosis, uremia, diabetes mellitus, renal and liver failure, hypokalemia, acidosis, hypocortisolism and Addison's disease. These tablets are not prescribed to adults during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Of course, the instructions for use prohibit the use of the drug by those who are intolerant or hypersensitive to the components.
Composition of diacarb
These tablets belong to diuretics, which in turn belong to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The main active ingredient is acetazolamide. Potato starch, sodium starch glycolate and talc act as auxiliary components.
Diacarb instructions for use
The main thing in the instructions for use is the dosage regimen. They are taken internally. Edema syndrome involves treatment in a dosage of one to one and a half tablets per day. One tablet one to four times a day is a dosage regimen for adults with open-angle glaucoma. For children with attacks of glaucoma, the dosage regimen is as follows: 10 mg per kilogram of weight, 3-4 times a day. Instructions for use for adult epileptics: 1-2 tablets per dose for three days in a row, the fourth is a break. For mountain sickness, the dosage can be more than 0 up to 1000 mg per day.
Diacarb and asparkam dosage regimen for adults
How should adults take Diacarb and Asparkam? This combination is effective, because the first drug removes potassium from the body, and the second one replenishes this deficiency. Many people advise taking Diacarb with a break of one day every three days of taking it. The instructions for using Asparkam are as follows - one tablet twice a day.
Diacarb instructions for use for children - dosage of Diacarb for a child
These tablets are recommended for children for epilepsy. The dosage regimen is as follows: for children from 4 months to a year – 50 mg, up to 3 years – up to 125 mg, up to 18 years – up to 250 mg per day. In the case of glaucoma, children over three years of age should take this drug according to the calculated formula: 10 mg per kilogram of weight. And this dose is divided into three doses per day.
Diacarb and asparkam for infants
Diacarb instructions for use for children under one year of age may differ. In total, there are two dosage regimens that are common, according to doctors: every three days, when a quarter of a tablet is taken, and two after two, also a quarter of a tablet.
Analogs are cheaper Diacarb 250 tablets
The basis for determining analogues is the active substance, which is acetazolamide. One of these is the drug Acetazolamide-Acri and Fonurit. Both come in tablet form.
Detailed instructions for use are published on this page. Diacarba. The available dosage forms of the drug (250 mg tablets), as well as its analogues, are listed. Information is provided on the side effects that Diacarb can cause and on interactions with other medications. In addition to information about diseases for the treatment and prevention of which the drug is prescribed (epilepsy, glaucoma, edema syndrome), administration algorithms, possible dosages for adults, children (including infants and newborns) are described in detail, the possibility of use during pregnancy and lactation is clarified chest. The abstract for Diakarb is supplemented with reviews from patients and doctors.
Instructions for use and dosage regimen
For edematous syndrome at the beginning of treatment, the drug is prescribed in a dose of 250-375 mg (1-1.5 tablets) 1 time per day in the morning. The maximum diuretic effect is achieved when taking the drug every other day or 2 days in a row, and then a one-day break. When using Diakarb, you should continue therapy for circulatory failure, including cardiac glycosides, follow a diet with limited salt intake and compensate for the lack of potassium.
For adults with open-angle glaucoma, the drug is prescribed in a single dose of 250 mg (1 tablet) 1-4 times a day. Doses exceeding 1 g do not increase the therapeutic effect. For secondary glaucoma, the drug is prescribed in a single dose of 250 mg (1 tablet) every 4 hours. In some patients, the therapeutic effect appears after a short-term dose of 250 mg 2 times a day. For acute attacks of glaucoma, the drug is prescribed 250 mg 4 times a day.
For children with attacks of glaucoma, Diacarb is prescribed at a dose of 10-15 mg/kg body weight per day in 3-4 doses.
For epilepsy, adults are prescribed 250-500 mg per day in one dose for 3 days, on the 4th day - a break. Children aged 4 to 12 months - 50 mg per day in 1-2 doses; children aged 2-3 years - 50-125 mg per day in 1-2 doses; children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years - 125-250 mg 1 time per day in the morning. When using Diacarb simultaneously with other anticonvulsants, at the beginning of treatment, use 250 mg (1 tablet) 1 time per day, gradually increasing the dose if necessary. In children, doses exceeding 750 mg per day should not be used.
For mountain sickness, it is recommended to use the drug at a dose of 500-1000 mg (2-4 tablets) per day; in case of rapid ascent - 1000 mg per day. The daily dose is divided into several doses in equal doses. The drug should be used 24-48 hours before climbing, and if symptoms of the disease appear, continue treatment for the next 48 hours or more, if necessary.
If you miss a dose of the drug, you should not increase the dose at the next dose.
Release forms
Tablets 250 mg.
Diakarb- a diuretic from the group of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Causes a weak diuretic effect. Inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron, increases the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate ions, does not affect the excretion of chlorine ions; causes an increase in urine pH. Disturbs the acid-base balance (metabolic acidosis). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of the ciliary body leads to a decrease in the secretion of aqueous humor and a decrease in intraocular pressure. Suppression of carbonic anhydrase activity in the brain determines the anticonvulsant activity of the drug.
Duration of action - up to 12 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, acetazolamide (the active ingredient of the drug Diacarb) is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Distributed mainly in red blood cells, kidneys, muscles, eyeball tissues and the central nervous system. Highly bound to plasma proteins. Penetrates through the placental barrier. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. About 90% of the dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours.
Indications
- edema syndrome (mild to moderate severity, in combination with alkalosis);
- glaucoma (primary and secondary, as well as during an acute attack);
- epilepsy (as part of combination therapy);
- acute altitude (mountain) sickness.
Contraindications
- acute renal failure;
- liver failure;
- hypokalemia;
- acidosis;
- hypocorticism;
- Addison's disease;
- uremia;
- diabetes;
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
special instructions
When prescribing the drug for more than 5 days in a row, the risk of developing metabolic acidosis increases.
With long-term use of the drug, the peripheral blood picture, water-electrolyte and acid-base balance should be monitored.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Diacarb, especially in high doses, can cause drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness and disorientation, therefore, during treatment, patients should not drive vehicles or operate mechanisms that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Side effect
- convulsions;
- paresthesia;
- noise in ears;
- myopia;
- disorientation;
- disturbance of touch;
- drowsiness;
- hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis;
- hypokalemia;
- transient hematuria and glycosuria;
- anorexia;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- skin hyperemia;
- hives;
- muscle weakness;
- allergic reactions.
When used together with antiepileptic drugs, Diacarb increases the manifestations of osteomalacia.
When used in combination with Diacarb with other diuretics and theophylline, the diuretic effect is enhanced.
When Diacarb is used simultaneously with acid-forming diuretics, the diuretic effect is reduced.
With simultaneous use, Diacarb increases the risk of toxic effects of salicylates, digitalis preparations, carbamazepine, ephedrine, and non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
Analogues of the drug Diakarb
The drug Diakarb has no structural analogues for the active substance.
Use in children
The drug is used according to indications and in a dose adjusted according to age.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Diacarb is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation.
