Large and small pelvis structure. What is included in the pelvic organs in women - we study anatomy

The female body consists of a bone base and soft tissues. It is a container for internal organs(rectum, Bladder) and the tissues surrounding these organs. During childbirth, a woman's pelvis acts as the birth canal.

Features of the structure of the pelvis in a woman

A woman's pelvis is different from a man's. Its bones are thinner, smoother and less massive than the bones of the male pelvis. The female pelvis is lower, wider and larger in volume. The sacrum in women is wider and not as strongly concave as the male sacrum, the cape of the female pelvis protrudes forward less than in men, and the symphysis, in turn, is shorter and wider. The entrance to the pelvis in women is more extensive, the shape of the entrance is transverse-oval, with a notch in the area of ​​the sacral promontory. The pelvic cavity itself is larger in a woman, due to the fact that the distance between the ischial tuberosities is greater and the pubic angle is wider (90–100º) than in men (70–75º), and the tailbone protrudes less anteriorly in women. Thus, the female pelvis is more voluminous and wider, but less deep than the male one.

The presence of disturbances in the structure of a woman’s pelvis may be associated with developmental anomalies, the causes of which may not be favorable conditions intrauterine development (maternal diseases during pregnancy and extragenital pathology that existed and progressed during pregnancy), Not proper nutrition and other reasons. Severe debilitating diseases and unfavorable living conditions in women often lead to delayed development of the pelvis in women. childhood and during puberty.

List of bones in the structure of the woman’s pelvis

The structure of the pelvis involves the presence of four bones:

• two pelvic
• sacrum
• and coccyx.

The structure of a woman's pelvic bones

Pelvic (nameless) bone ( os coxae) up to 16–18 years of age is represented by three separate bones connected by cartilage:

• ileum,
• ischial
• and pubic.

Subsequently, after ossification, the cartilages grow together and form the innominate bone.

Ilium woman's pelvis ( os ilium) consists of two parts - the body and the wing. The body is represented by a short, thickened part of the ilium; it participates in the formation of the acetabulum. The wing of the ilium is a rather wide plate with a concave inner and convex outer surface.

• The most thickened and free upper edge of the wing forms the iliac crest ( crista iliaka).
• In front, the ridge begins with a protrusion - the anterior iliac spine ( spina iliaka anterior superior),
• Below is the second protrusion - the anteroinferior spine ( spina iliaka anterior inferior).
• Under the anteroinferior spine, at the junction with the pubic bone, there is a third eminence - the iliopubic ( eminentia iliopubika).
• The iliac crest itself ends posteriorly with the posterosuperior iliac spine ( spina iliaca posterior),
• below which is the second protrusion - the posteroinferior iliac spine ( spina iliaka posterior inferior).
• In turn, under the posterior spine of the woman’s pelvis is the sciatic notch ( incisura ischiadica major).

The location of the comb-like protrusion in the area where the wing meets the body is characteristic. This protrusion is called an arcuate line ( linea arcuata). These lines of both iliac bones together with the sacral promontory, crests pubic bones and the upper edge of the symphysis form the border (nameless) line ( linea terminalis), which serves as the boundary between the large and small pelvis.

Ischium woman's pelvis ( os ischii) is divided into a body involved in the formation of the acetabulum, and two branches (superior and inferior). The superior branch goes from the body of the bone downwards and ends with the ischial tuberosity ( tuber ischiadicum). On the posterior surface of the lower branch there is a protrusion - the ischial spine ( spina ischiadica). The inferior branch is directed anteriorly and superiorly and connects with the inferior branch of the pubic bone.

pubic bone woman's pelvis ( os pubis), or pubic, forms the anterior wall of the pelvis. The pubic bone consists of a body and two branches: superior (horizontal) and inferior (descending). The body of the pubis is short and leaves part of the acetabulum, the lower branch connects with the corresponding branch of the ischium. On the top edge upper branch The pubic bone has a sharp ridge that ends in front with the pubic tubercle ( tuberculum pubis).

Between the upper and lower branches there is a low-moving joint in the form of cartilage, which is a semi-joint - the pubic symphysis ( symphysis pubica). This joint has a slit-like cavity filled with liquid. During pregnancy, there is an increase in this gap. In its turn lower branches The pubic bones form an angle under the symphysis. The connecting branches of the pubic and ischial bones limit the extensive obturator foramen ( foramen obturatum).

The structure of the sacrum in the female pelvis

Sacrum of the woman's pelvis ( os sacrum) represents five vertebrae fused together. The sizes of the vertebrae that make up the sacrum gradually decrease downward, so the sacrum has the shape of a truncated cone. Wide part it (the base of the sacrum) faces upward, the narrow part (the apex of the sacrum) faces downwards. Rear surface The sacrum is convex, and the anterior one is concave, it forms the sacral cavity. On the anterior surface of the sacrum (on the cavity) four transverse rough lines can be noted, corresponding to the ossified cartilaginous joints of the sacral vertebrae.

The base of the woman’s pelvic sacrum (the surface of the first sacral vertebra) directly connects to the fifth lumbar vertebra. Whereas in the middle of the anterior surface of the base of the sacrum a protrusion is formed - the sacral promontory ( promantorium). When palpating between the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, you can feel the depression - the suprasacral fossa, which has a certain significance when measuring the size of the pelvis.

The structure of a woman's coccyx

Coccyx ( os coccygis), like the sacrum, consists of 4–5 fused vertebrae and is a small bone that tapers downward.

All the bones of the pelvis are connected primarily through the symphysis, followed by the sacroiliac and sacrococcygeal joints.

All joints of the pelvic bones contain cartilaginous layers. The joints of the pelvic bones are strengthened with strong ligaments.

For women, the most important thing is to maintain the health of the pelvic organs, which are directly related to pregnancy and childbirth. Below we will look at the features of the pelvis in women, their main functions and structure, location and effective ways research and study.

But first, let's look at the definitions. First: the pelvis is the area inside the pelvic bones. All organs located inside the pelvic bones are called pelvic organs. On the side of the pubis, the small pelvis is limited by the symphysis pubis, on both sides by the wings of the ilium, which, unlike the wings of the male pelvis, are located parallel to each other. At the back, the small pelvis is limited by the bones of the sacrum and coccyx. In total, the small pelvis is formed by four bones: two pelvic, one sacral and one coccygeal. The female pelvis is wider in size than the male pelvis, which is due to the ability female body to bearing children and childbearing.

Like the male pelvis, the female pelvis contains the rectum and bladder. This is where the similarities end. The main thing is that here are the internal organs that are directly responsible for childbirth, reproduction and procreation:

• Uterus;
• Ovaries;
• The fallopian tubes;
• Vagina.

Nature arranges it in such a way that a woman’s organs are extremely close to one another. The anatomical structure can be represented as follows: the uterus seems to rest on the bladder. The bladder rests on the vagina. All pelvic organs are equipped with muscles, the elasticity of which allows the organs to seriously stretch.

So, the vagina is essentially a muscular tube, often reaching up to 12 cm in length. During childbirth, the vagina stretches and serves as the birth canal. The vagina is adjacent to the cervix. The uterus is an internally empty organ consisting of muscle tissue. It is the uterus that is responsible for the process of bearing a child, so the uterus can stretch, taking big sizes, and shrink again.

The ovaries are extremely important attributes of the reproductive system in women. The formation of follicles (or eggs) takes place here, and the ovaries are also responsible for the production of female sex hormones.

The fallopian tubes (or fallopian tubes) combine the uterus and peritoneum. Exactly at fallopian tube male and female reproductive cells find each other, and fertilization occurs. And it is through the pipe, provided that it is functioning normally, that ovum enters the uterus. When the tube functions abnormally, pregnancy begins to develop in the tube cavity, causing it to rupture. This kind of failure is called ectopic pregnancy, and she always gets interrupted. Unfortunately, this is often followed by removal of the pipe.

The pelvic organs include the bladder and rectum, which are responsible for removing food debris and the results of its processing from the body. The bladder is also a muscular organ in which urine accumulates; it also has the ability to contract and stretch. The ureter or urinary canal is attached to it. The bladder lies behind the pubis. The rectum is responsible for the excretion of excrement and is a section of the intestine, its lower part.

When we talk about the female pelvic organs, we cannot help but describe it external structure, external female genitalia: labia majora and minora, pubis, clitoris and vestibule of the vagina.

The pubis covers the symphysis pubis; it consists of soft and fatty tissues. The two folds of skin from the pubis to the perineum are called the labia majora. The labia minora, which look like petals covered with mucous tissue, are located inside the labia majora.

In the area of ​​closure of the labia majora there is a tubercle - the clitoris. This is a very sensitive process, because it is filled with vessels, and, most importantly, nerve endings.

The space from the clitoris to the end of the labia majora is considered the vestibule of the vagina.

Since all the pelvic organs are in close proximity, practically lying on top of each other, inflammation, infection or any kind of disease of one system immediately affects the condition of other organs. Therefore, every woman should carefully monitor her health and regularly visit a gynecologist.

Effective ways to examine female organs inside the pelvis

Ultrasound diagnostics is considered one of the most detailed, safe and highly accurate research methods. Ultrasound is performed on infants, pregnant and lactating women, and elderly people. Ultrasound does not require lengthy or complex preparation, and its cost cannot be called high.

As for ultrasound of the pelvic organs, it is available for women in three methods:

• Transabdominal - through abdominal wall, used mainly during pregnancy;
• Transvaginally;
• Transrectally - rarely.

Indications for ultrasound examinations during pregnancy and outside this period differ. During pregnancy, there are periods accepted and determined from an obstetric point of view when ultrasound is performed.

What can an ultrasound doctor see if you are not pregnant?

• Condition of the vagina;
• Condition of the uterus. Its structure, size, position, tissue structure, presence or absence of neoplasms in the cavity;
• The condition of the ovaries, or rather the position, size, presence of follicles in them and their maturation; the presence or absence of neoplasms, adhesions and constrictions;
• The position and size of the bladder, the presence or absence of stones or deposits inside the bladder;
• The position, size, structure of the intestine, as well as the presence or absence of tumors inside.

Ultrasound is prescribed during the period of preparation for pregnancy (through the abdominal wall or transvaginally), in the presence of complaints, often when chronic diseases for the purpose of monitoring the condition women's health. Also, ultrasound examinations of the pelvic organs are included in the calendar of mandatory examinations of pregnant women:

• In the first trimester, at 9-10 weeks. Allows you to see the fertilized egg, determine its size, and also distinguish the presence of genetic abnormalities;
• In the second trimester, at 16-20 weeks. On this ultrasound, you can already see the baby’s gender, body structure, the presence of major organs, the number of limbs, etc. The most important thing is that the ultrasound shows the condition of the placenta and umbilical cord, as well as blood flow and the amount of amniotic fluid;
• In the third trimester, from 32 to 34 weeks. At the third ultrasound, you can already see the features and structure of the face, such big size has fruit.

Ultrasound also monitors the condition of scars on the uterus resulting from caesarean section or other surgical interventions.

If necessary, during pregnancy, prescribed additional examinations– MRI diagnostics, CTG, Doppler, etc.

Detection of female diseases

• Characteristic features of the structure of the uterus (bicornuate, saddle-shaped, with a partial septum, etc.);
• Dense round or oval formations - fibroids or vaginal cysts;
• Changes in the walls of the uterus - possible oncological problems, inflammatory processes;
• An increase in the size of the ovaries is often one of the signs of polycystic disease;
• Changes in the structure of tissues and walls of the uterus - possible endometriosis;
• The presence of foreign inclusions in the bladder cavity - stones and sand.

An ultrasound reveals some signs of the disease; if there is suspicion, the doctor conducts an additional examination and prescribes a number of tests. When flowing inflammatory process in the pelvic cavity, adequate treatment is prescribed. Inflammation inside the bladder, uterine cavity, tubes or ovaries always brings painful sensations and is often accompanied by discharge. Vaginal diseases make sexual intercourse uncomfortable, and serious illnesses can lead to death.

(Deputy Director for Organization of Medical Care.

Chief urologist of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "SPMC" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Doctor of Medical Sciences)

An important chapter with many illustrations,

which will help you better understand everything else

Simply put, the pelvic organs include the bladder, urethra, uterus, vagina, rectum and pelvic floor (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

You don’t need to be a specialist to notice the many ligaments, fascia and muscles surrounding the few pelvic organs on all sides. All these structures make up the pelvic floor - a complex anatomical formation that ensures the functioning of the bladder, urethra, uterus, vagina and rectum.

The pelvic floor is in constant tone, maintaining the shape and position of the pelvic organs, and at certain moments (urination, defecation, coughing, tension, etc.) it changes its configuration in accordance with the task (see Fig. 3).

Normal muscle function pelvic floor is possible only if the ligaments and fascia are preserved. If the latter are damaged, an imbalance in the operation of the entire system as a whole is inevitable. There is a wonderful comparison of the pelvic floor to a suspension bridge (see Figure 4.) A clear understanding of the structure and function of each structure of the pelvic floor is where all specialists performing operations in this area should begin their work. Otherwise, they will be like “blind kittens in a kennel.”

Both stress incontinence and prolapse pelvic organs are a consequence of damage to various ligaments and fascia of the pelvic floor. Next, we will look at the anatomical defects that lead to involuntary loss of urine and prolapse of the pelvic organs through the vagina.

Pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence

Normally, when intra-abdominal pressure increases (coughing, sneezing, getting up from a chair, jumping, etc.), the bladder “falls” into the vagina to a limited extent, since the pubocervical fascia, which fixes it in a physiological position, is a fairly mobile and elastic structure . In this case, the deep transverse muscle of the perineum (which includes the urethral sphincter) in collaboration with the pubo-urethral ligaments (perineal membrane) holds the middle third of the urethra in place, preventing it from moving downwards (see Fig. 5.). Thus, in the middle third of the urethra a bend of the urethra (urethral knee) is formed, in which a high pressure(like a kinked garden hose) to prevent urine loss. That is, dynamic obstruction of the urethra occurs. Certainly, important role Other factors also play a role in retention: the work of the sphincter, the condition of the wall of the urethra, etc. But the decisive factor on which whether a woman will be dry or not is the condition of the ligamentous apparatus of the urethra.

Based on this concept, in 1994, doctors P. Petros and U. Ulmsten proposed to implant a synthetic endoprosthesis in the form of a tape about 1 cm wide in place of the damaged urethral ligaments. Then this technology was called TVT (tension free vaginal tape - English - tension-free vaginal tape) or IVS (intravaginal sling). The technique had a clear pathogenetic basis and turned out to be very effective. Today, this approach is the “gold standard” in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The principle diagram of the operation is shown in Fig. 6. Synthetic suburethral sling prosthetically ligamentous apparatus urethra, allows you to keep the urethra in place when intra-abdominal pressure increases and, thereby, returns the patient the function of urinary continence (see Fig. 7.).

Pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse

In Fig. Figure 8 shows the extreme form of pelvic organ prolapse - their complete loss. In this situation, the vagina is completely turned outward, like a bag, the contents of which are all the organs located nearby: the bladder, uterus, rectum, loops of the small intestine.

The reason for the situation presented in Fig. 8, in almost total destruction of the ligamentous-fascial apparatus of the pelvic floor.

The vagina can be compared to a tent, which is supported by the fixation of the central part and the presence of supporting structures at the arches. In this situation, the central part is the fibrous ring surrounding the cervix, which, in turn, is located at the top of the vagina. The ring is woven into the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments, as well as the pubocervical and rectovaginal fascia (see Fig. 9). Thanks to this, the cervix is ​​“suspended” in the middle of the pelvis, like a parachutist on lines. But as soon as these slings are partially or completely destroyed, the cervix, together with neighboring structures, begins to move out of the vagina under the influence of intra-abdominal pressure and gravity (see Fig. 10). This situation is called apical (upper) prolapse. This defect is key and, at the same time, the most difficult for surgical reconstruction. But without this, any operation for severe prolapse is an unpromising undertaking.

Based on all of the above, I would like to draw an important conclusion - the uterus is not the cause of its prolapse.The problem is in the copulaapparatus.And, accordingly, removing the uterus solely because of its prolapse is a meaningless and even harmful action, since by doing this, we also remove the pericervical fibrous ring, which is an important supporting element and can (or rather, should) be useful in reconstructing the pelvic floor. Paradoxical but true: in the majority gynecological departments the country's most frequent indication to remove the uterus is its prolapse. All existing international guidelines have condemned such tactics for a very long time, but progress has not yet been noticeable. After removal of the uterus for prolapse, at least every fifth patient is at risk of prolapse and prolapse of the vaginal dome (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12). The latter pathology is much more difficult to eliminate, since there is no longer a dense structure (cervix) to which mesh endoprostheses, in particular, can be reliably fixed.

The vagina has anterior and posterior walls, which border, respectively, bladder and rectum (see Fig. 1.). Neither the vaginal walls nor these hollow organs are able to maintain their shape in space. If they are removed from the surrounding structures of the pelvic floor, they turn into an amorphous mass. The frame function in this case is predominantly performed by connective tissue films - fascia, which are fixed on both sides to the walls of the small pelvis, and on top - to the already known pericervical fibrous ring. The pubocervical fascia is located between the bladder and the anterior wall of the vagina, and the rectovaginal fascia is located between the rectum and the posterior wall of the vagina. Damage to the first leads to prolapse (prolapse) of the bladder into the vagina, the second - to prolapse (prolapse) of the rectum. This is how “prolapse of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina” develops, or, more precisely, reflects the essence of the process - “prolapse of the bladder (cystocele)” and “prolapse of the rectum (rectocele)” - see Fig. 13.

Unfortunately, pelvic organ prolapse is not only an anatomical problem. Complaints are almost never limited to "feelings" foreign body protruding from the vagina." Abnormal position pelvic organs leads to severe disturbances in the functioning of the bladder ( frequent urge, difficulty urinating, chronic urinary retention, recurrent infections), rectum (constipation, difficulty defecating, incontinence of gas and stool), creates difficulties during sexual activity up to complete failure from the latter, is the cause of chronic pain syndrome.

Fortunately, today most of the problems outlined above are treatable. surgically. Technologies for pelvic floor reconstruction for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse will be described in subsequent chapters.

When any physical discomfort appears in the lower abdomen, most women associate it with dysfunction genitourinary system. Having an idea about the pelvic organs and what is included in their composition, you can determine the affected area.

There are two systems functioning in the small pelvis: reproductive and excretory. Both systems and their constituent organs are closely interconnected. Therefore, if any gynecological diseases The excretory organs are also often affected.

Reproductive system

The main role of the female organs reproductive sphere is to provide the most favorable conditions for reproduction.

The female reproductive system includes the following organs:

• uterus (cervix and cervical canal);
• uterine (fallopian) tubes;

Login reproductive system presented as an external opening in the vagina. It is hidden by the labia majora and minora. The area from the external opening to the cervical uterus is called the vaginal canal. It ends with a vault, conventionally divided into 4 parts. Bottom part The vagina consists of an anterior and back wall. Through its opening they exit the uterus menstrual flow. The vagina plays a big role during labor.

If you go deep into the vagina using a diagnostic instrument (gynecological speculum), you can see a protruding narrow part - the cervix. The section between the cervix and the body itself is called cervical. The entrance to the uterine cavity is also located there, it is presented in the form of an external and internal uterine pharynx.

The uterus is one of the main organs of the reproductive sphere, whose task is to create the most favorable conditions for bearing a fetus. Its location is between the bladder and rectum. Its sizes vary depending on age and individual characteristics.

In young girls, the size of the uterus ranges from 4-5 cm and weighs up to 50 grams. Among women reproductive age– about 7 cm and 50-80 grams. The increase in uterine body weight is influenced by hypertrophic structural changes observed during pregnancy, as well as the number of previous births.

The uterus is pear-shaped and slightly tilted forward (anteflexio position). A slight backward deviation of the uterus (retroflexio) is allowed. With the exception of the vaginal part, it is hidden by the organs of the peritoneum. This organ is quite mobile, so it can take any position.

The body of the uterus consists of three membranes:

1. Serous (Perimetry). It is characterized as a continuation of the parietal layer of the peritoneum and a continuation of the covering of the bladder.
2. Muscular (myometrium). The thickest layer of the uterus, consisting of muscles, fibers and connective tissue.
3. Mucous membrane (endometrium). It is presented in the form of superficial and deep columnar epithelium, penetrated by tubular glands.

Bartholin gland cyst

Timely diagnosis and a competent approach contribute to early detection congenital anomalies And developing diseases. Regular preventive examinations with a gynecologist and compliance with his recommendations prevent the development of pathological changes in the pelvic organs.

The largest bone in the human skeleton is the pelvic bone. She plays great importance in the activity of the musculoskeletal system, combining the body with the lower limbs. Its not easy anatomical structure due to its diverse functionality and enormous load, and it exerts pressure on both sides.

Anatomical features of the pelvic girdle

The hip region consists of a pair of hip bones, which belong to the group of flat bones. They promote sustainability lower limbs, evenly distributing the load, which depends on body weight. The male pelvic bones are united in the pubic symphysis, and together with sacral region and the coccyx form the pelvis. At human birth, both pelvic bones are presented as three separate parts, separated by cartilaginous formations. Over time, they grow together to form one complete bone, and their articulation is called a deep hemispherical or acetabulum, which connects to the hip joint. Thanks to origin pelvic bone, they used to consider it as a bone consisting of three parts.

Bones of the pelvis

The human pelvic bones are the most massive part of the musculoskeletal system, and the structure of the pelvic bone is determined by its supporting function. It consists of three different sections: the iliac, sciatic, and pubic. The fusion of these areas begins during puberty. This happens precisely in those areas where the pressure on the pelvis is maximum. One of these areas is the acetabulum, in which the head is localized. femur. So after the articulation of these parts, a hip joint.

The iliac part of the pelvis, consisting of the wing and body, is located above the acetabulum. One edge of the wing is presented in the form of a scallop, to which the abdominal muscles are attached. From the dorsal part of the iliac bone, its plane is united with the sacroiliac joint

The pubic bone is located under the acetabulum with front side. It is presented in the form of two branches that connect at an angle. Between them there is a cartilaginous layer. All these elements form the pubic symphysis. It plays a very important role during childbirth in women: when the fetus leaves the mother’s womb cartilage tissue are subject to deformation, due to which the pelvic bones move apart. This contributes to the normal birth of a child. This fact explains why the pelvic bone in men is much narrower than in women.

The ischium is located on the back of the pelvis, at the same level as the pubis, only on the opposite side. The bone structure of this section has a tuberous surface, thanks to which a person can take sitting position. This area is covered with muscles and a fat layer, which softens the situation. In addition, the hip region consists of the coccyx and sacrum, creating a ring-shaped pelvic cavity.

Pelvic joint

The hip joint performs very important actions, thanks to which people are able to walk, run, jump or perform other manipulations associated with this department. Its development begins during gestation, when the tiny organism is just forming. After birth, the hip joint is presented as cartilage, which begins to gradually harden and then bulge out to form a stronger bone structure. This process continues until the adult human body is fully formed. After which bone growth stops, but other processes - changes in shape, location and structure - still continue.

The head of the femur is covered with cartilaginous flesh, and the neck of the femur connects directly to the bone itself at the acetabulum. Outside, the plane of articulation is covered with durable fabric, and inside it is reinforced with several ligaments that perform protective functions, helping to cushion the bones of the femoral joint during movement, and also protect against damage blood vessels inside the joint.

The strongest ligaments human body considered iliofemoral, the diameter of which can be up to 10 mm. They perform very significant actions: braking, during turning or extension movements. The pubofemoral ligaments act similarly, but only in an extended position.

Main functions

The anatomy of the human pelvic bone is endowed with a complex structure and performs the following functions.

1. Supporting – to support the spine.
2. Protective – protects the internal organs of the hip girdle from external physical influences and damage: urea, intestines and reproductive organs. She is considered the most important function, as it protects life important organs human body.
3. The hip region serves as the center of gravity of the musculoskeletal system.
4. Hematopoietic – promotes blood production, thanks to a large amount of red bone marrow.

Since the main function of the pelvis is protection, if it is damaged there is a risk of complications associated with damage to the internal organs of the pelvic girdle. Therefore, injuries to the hip region most often entail serious consequences.

How to maintain hip strength

The main method of preventing hip problems is body weight control. The larger it is, the greater the load on the pelvis. Experts calculated the load based on the person’s weight category. For one extra kilos the load is 2 kg more than normal when walking, 5 kg when lifting, and when running or jumping - 10 kg. Thus, obesity contributes to rapid wear and tear of joints and the risk of osteoarthritis. Therefore, playing sports prolongs the wear and tear of the joints of the pelvic area.

At pathological diseases joints or overweight doctors recommend doing simple exercises, walk or bike more. Swimming is also good for your joints. Moreover, during such sports there is no pressure on the pelvic joints. For fractures, after the bones have already healed, doctors advise gradually increasing the load. This is done so that the joints become stronger and return to their previous levels.

In people of retirement age, bones no longer have such strength and are more likely to be injured. Therefore, to increase their strength, it is necessary to eat foods rich in calcium. A large number of this element contains dairy products, grains and legumes, walnuts, green vegetables, fish, fruits. In addition, patients may be prescribed medications that contain sufficient amounts of calcium.

Based on the information described above, it can be noted that healthy image Life, including proper nutrition, sports or light exercise, contribute to the long-term functioning of the joints of the pelvic girdle. In addition, a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, required to strengthen bone tissue, will reduce the risk of injury.