“Prevention of bad habits and formation of a healthy lifestyle among schoolchildren. Prevention of bad habits among schoolchildren
Prevention of bad habits of younger schoolchildren.
In the modern period, education has faced the problem of deteriorating children's health as a result of the spread of bad habits, environmental pollution and deteriorating quality of life. Bad habit– an automatically repeated (situational) action that is harmful to public or personal health. It appears when parents pay insufficient attention to upbringing. Non-pathological habits are considered less dangerous, although non-compliance with the daily routine, physical activity, poor nutrition has a negative impact on health. Bad habits, which include various addictions: alcohol, drugs, gaming, computer, etc., cause personality disorders. Variability of mood and motivation, excitability, aggressiveness, emotiveness and anxiety were noted; hyperactivity and attention deficit. A decrease in the performance of the brain of schoolchildren and the lability of nervous processes due to chronic consumption of alcohol and drugs, an imbalance in the activity of the hemispheres, and dysregulation have been described. mental activity, fine motor skills. The influence of parents’ lifestyle and educational conditions on the decrease in general level mental activity, increased psycho-emotional stress and deterioration in schoolchildren’s health indicators.
Therefore, recently much attention has been paid to the prevention of bad habits in primary school. Prevention is based on eliminating the causes, changing the dynamic stereotype and the dominant motivation of the student’s behavior. Therefore, long-term volitional efforts and the creation of conditions are necessary that would make it possible to change the dominant motivation and overcome the child’s anxiety and uncertainty, which provoke the emergence of a bad habit.
This goal is realized in pedagogical activities in the following areas:
1. Conducting classroom hours and extracurricular activities aimed at preventing bad habits (“Take care of your health from a young age,” “What is health?” “No, it will save a life,” “What is good and what is bad,” etc.), to expand ideas about proper nutrition and healthy products, developing habits of their consumption. For example, the class hour “On a visit to tea” is devoted to the formation of a culture of drinking tea (more healthy than alcohol) and familiarization with its history. Children get acquainted with the tea tradition of different nations, herbal infusions, master the methods of brewing them and using them in folk medicine. Class hour “Water is the healing power” I introduce schoolchildren to the properties of water and the culture of consumption. When organizing these events, schoolchildren collect material on the tradition of drinking drinks in the family and find special recipes herbal tea, healthy coffee substitutes, historical information.
2. Organization of design and research activities. For example, the project “On Bad Habits” is dedicated to identifying and studying the mentioned habits in children and the attitude of schoolchildren towards them. During the study, children interview friends and their parents, find out which relatives smoke, what drinks are used in the family, and identify the negative health consequences of smoking, alcohol and drug use. Working with literary and Internet sources allows them to establish the simplest connections between human health, bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, poor diet) and social environmental factors. Studying “Cooking of the Peoples of the World”, during which schoolchildren can learn a variety of recipes for healthy dishes and the rules for their consumption. Some of this material can be used in appropriate classroom teaching.
3. Organizing a game-based activity dedicated to developing an idea of health as a person’s main value, fostering a caring attitude toward it, and intolerance to bad habits such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs (for example, playing at stations).
4. Application of modeling for the purpose of preventing bad habits, forming samples healthy image life, clarification and systematization of concepts, etc. For example, the components of a healthy image were discussed (normal sleep duration, proper nutrition, absence of bad habits, adherence to a daily routine, daily walks, limiting the duration of computer use, etc.). Create a “Chamomile” model; the specified components are written on its petals.
5. Conducting ethical conversations, literary readings, drawing competitions aimed at correcting the attitudes of primary schoolchildren towards tobacco, alcohol, and drugs.
6. Use of computer presentations, games, etc. information support educational process, allowing to visualize the negative consequences of bad habits on the body, show examples of correct behavior, necessary statistical material, etc.
7. Creation of a value model and microclimate in the classroom aimed at preventing bad habits, systematically studying and daily reproducing the rules of environmentally sound and health-preserving behavior.
8. Development of a system of family and social activities to prevent bad habits and educate healthy lifestyle models; providing parents with opportunities to pay more attention to their children (continuity in the work of the school and family); involving parents in direct participation in school events (for example, “Mom, Dad, I’m a sports family”).
Bad habits is a term that characterizes a lifestyle in which a person deliberately harms his health by doing certain things that bring pleasant sensations. This is especially true for teenagers who are still developing and do not have clearly developed principles. Prevention of bad habits is a series of activities that should be carried out at school and other educational institutions, as well as in the family. After all, fighting an already established way of life, even if it causes serious harm, is much more difficult than preventing the emergence of dangerous desires. And not everyone knows how harmful it is.
Types of bad habits
Experts identify many types of bad habits. Some of them came to us from the distant past, while others have appeared only in recent years. The most common and dangerous today are tobacco smoking, drug addiction, substance abuse and alcoholism. But there are others. Let's briefly describe each of them.
Tobacco smoking is the scourge of our time. Fortunately, today the question is increasingly being raised about how to reduce the number of people suffering from this bad habit. The government prohibits the sale of cigarettes to minors, smoking in public places, and increases the cost of tobacco products. And all this is beneficial, but does not completely protect teenagers and their friends from addiction.
The main danger of smoking is rapid addiction and great harm for the health of a growing organism. Smoking prevention is best started with a conversation between teenagers and their parents. Even if mom or dad smokes, let them share with their son or daughter how the habit has a detrimental effect on the body and how difficult it is to break with it. It is necessary to describe the disadvantages of smoking, including yellowing teeth, shortness of breath, bad smell from the mouth, insomnia, sweating.
Substance abuse
In substance abuse, a person derives pleasure from inhaling vapors of certain substances. It is very difficult to cope with this problem on your own. Therefore, if you suspect that a child is suffering from substance abuse, you should immediately seek help from a specialist. You should be wary of increased aggressiveness, inappropriate behavior, mystery and other uncharacteristic behavior of adolescents. Moreover, both their parents and teachers can draw attention to these symptoms of a bad habit.
Alcoholism
The main danger of alcoholism is an imperceptibly growing attachment that is difficult to overcome. So, at first, drinking alcoholic beverages or beer occurs only on holidays, then more often, and then not a single gathering of teenagers or meeting with friends is complete without a bottle. Here parents will also have to start with themselves. If alcohol is a frequent guest on the table, then “soul-saving” conversations are unlikely to bring any benefit.
It is also important to monitor the social circle of teenagers. If it includes those who play sports and have a favorite activity, then you don’t have to worry. But unfavorable company is a reason to be wary. It is easier to prevent the occurrence than to treat a person for alcoholism, substance abuse or drug addiction.
In drug addiction, pleasure is obtained from inhaling, injecting, swallowing or smoking narcotic substances. Teenagers who have such a bad habit, as well as those suffering from substance abuse and alcoholism, can be calculated by inappropriate behavior. Usually the changes are noticed not only by their parents, but also by everyone around them. In addition, bruises from injections may appear on your arms, and your eyes will look unnatural and “glassy.”
Even if it seems that a teenager can cope on his own or uses “soft” drugs that are easy to give up, you should not rely on your own strength. It is better to seek help from specialists. After all, even “soft” drugs are addictive and have a detrimental effect not only on the physical, but also on the mental health teenagers Moreover, addiction to drug addiction in some cases can occur after the first use of a narcotic substance.
Other bad habits
Other bad habits include:
- gambling addiction;
- shopaholism;
- binge eating;
- nail biting;
- nose picking;
- cracking fingers;
- tapping the rhythm with hands or feet and others.
All of them are dangerous to varying degrees. For example, picking your nose and cracking your fingers causes discomfort to a greater extent to those around you. And gambling addiction, although different from alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse, still represents grief for the whole family. After all, a person suffering from this habit can become mentally unstable or even lose control over himself and cause harm to someone. In addition, a person immersed in the computer world ceases to lead a normal lifestyle, devotes all his free time to the game, and spends money on it.
Impact on human health
It is very difficult to find an organ or system in the human body that would not suffer from a bad habit, no matter drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking or another. However, the effects on the condition of the heart, blood vessels, brain and spinal cord, bones and joints, reproductive and respiratory systems. It is worth remembering that a smoker pollutes not only his lungs, but also significantly increases the risk of developing vascular atherosclerosis.
Even more terrible is the impact of smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction on the health of future children of a woman suffering from one of the bad habits. Such babies often experience delays, problems with the circulatory, reproductive, respiratory systems, and neurological diseases.
And for others, a person with bad habits poses a considerable danger: from passive smoking to murder in order to get money to buy the next dose of drug.
Ways to combat bad habits
Depending on what bad habit needs to be eradicated, as well as how physically and mentally attached the person is to it, the methods of struggle vary. For example, to cope with smoking and alcoholism in the initial stages, experts recommend distracting yourself and finding something to do that will relax you.
Helps cope with the craving for a bad habit of sports. It doesn't matter what you choose: yoga or swimming, long-distance running or dancing, rumba or weight lifting. Remember that the intensity of your training should be increased gradually. It is best to seek help from an experienced trainer and tell him about your problem. Then the classes will be useful and will help you achieve success in getting rid of cigarettes or alcohol.
The technique of putting off a cigarette for later works well. Unfortunately, this method only works when initial stage dependencies. In the case of smoking, after consultation with a specialist, you can purchase chewing lozenges, lozenges, and patches to help cope with nicotine addiction. Today it is also fashionable to replace a regular cigarette with an electronic one.
Get rid of drug addiction, substance abuse and alcoholism in advanced stage will only help specialized clinic. The complex effect of psychotherapy, medications and other techniques allows you to get rid of bad habits forever. But the result will be maximum only if the person himself wants to cope with addiction.
Preventive measures
The best prevention of bad habits is a healthy and active lifestyle. It is unlikely that a person who is interested in dancing or kayaking will decide to smoke or get drunk. A variety of sports will help you throw out negativity and switch from problems.
Yes, and education is of great importance. A child who grew up in a non-smoking and non-drinking family, where from an early age there are conversations about the dangers of bad habits, will not smoke or get involved in alcohol. But here the environment in which the teenager develops is also of great importance. If all his peers drink and smoke, then it’s difficult to resist the temptation to try. Moreover, teenagers rarely realize how dangerous this or that habit is.
That is why it is so important in schools and other educational institutions to conduct various events, designed to explain the seriousness of the problem and prevent its occurrence. Prevention of bad habits, especially drug addiction, substance abuse, smoking, alcoholism, in schools and universities can be carried out in different ways:
- promotions, concerts and other events;
- speeches by people who have overcome a bad habit and returned to a normal lifestyle;
- posters, brochures, newspapers;
- lectures and lessons dedicated to a specific bad habit.
In addition, doing what you love will also serve as good prevention. Sewing, embroidery, beading, drawing, playing various musical instruments and many others. Walks and trips to various places, dancing, hardening, rollerblading, cycling or skating - choose what you like. Various sections and clubs will also keep the teenager busy and distract him from harmful influence peers will be made more resilient and purposeful.
Measures to prevent bad habits, including ongoing events in educational institutions, conversations with parents at home, as well as other measures, are the surest step that will help avoid many troubles and maintain the health of a growing organism. Help your teenager find himself in life, develop the skills and desire to learn new things, and do what he loves. And then bad habits will never become a problem for him and his loved ones.
Lesson topic: BAD HABITS
Target: Make it clear which habits we have are useful and which are harmful.
Tasks:
To form a conscious attitude of students towards their health;
Teach active techniques for maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
Promotion of healthy lifestyles;
Fostering a sense of collectivism, camaraderie, and mutual assistance.
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Advice from a psychologist for parents of first-graders
FOR PARENTS OF FIRST GRADER CHILDREN
(advice from a psychologist)
Entering school is a turning point in the life of every child. The carelessness, carelessness, and immersion in play characteristic of preschoolers are replaced by a life filled with many demands, responsibilities and restrictions: now the child must go to school every day, work systematically and hard, follow a daily routine, and obey various norms and rules school life, fulfill the teacher’s requirements, do what is determined by the school curriculum in class, diligently do homework, achieve good results V educational work etc.
During this same period of life, at 6-7 years old, the entire psychological appearance of the child changes, his personality, cognitive and mental capabilities, sphere of emotions and experiences, and social circle are transformed.
The child is not always well aware of his new position, but he certainly feels and experiences it: he is proud that he has become an adult, he is pleased with his new position. The child’s experience of his new social status is associated with the emergence of the “internal position of the student.”
The presence of an “internal position of a schoolchild” is important for a first-grader great importance. It is she who helps the little student overcome the vicissitudes of school life and fulfill new responsibilities. This is especially important in the first stages of schooling, when the educational material the child is mastering is objectively monotonous and not very interesting.
Many of today's first-graders are highly skilled in academic pursuits even before they arrive at school. Intensive preparation for school, attendance at preschool lyceums, gymnasiums, etc. often leads to the fact that entering school loses the element of novelty for the child and prevents him from experiencing the significance of this event.
In maintaining the “internal position of a student” in a first-grader, parents play an invaluable role. Their serious attitude to the child’s school life, attention to his successes and failures, patience, mandatory encouragement of efforts and efforts, emotional support help the first-grader feel the significance of his activities, help increase the child’s self-esteem and self-confidence.
NEW RULES
Numerous “can”, “cannot”, “must”, “should”, “right”, “wrong” fall like an avalanche on the first grader. These rules are related both to the organization of school life itself and to the inclusion of the child in educational activities that are new to him.
Norms and rules sometimes run counter to the child’s immediate desires and motivations. You need to adapt to these norms. Most first grade students cope with this task quite successfully.
However, the start of school is for every child severe stress. All children, along with overwhelming feelings of joy, delight or surprise about everything that happens at school, experience anxiety, confusion, and tension. In first-graders, in the first days (weeks) of attending school, the body’s resistance decreases, sleep and appetite may be disturbed, the temperature may rise, and the chronic diseases. Children seem to be capricious, irritated, and cry for no reason.
A period of adaptation to school, associated with adaptation to its basic requirements, exists for all first-graders. Only for some it lasts one month, for others - one quarter, for others - it lasts for the entire first academic year. Much depends here on individual characteristics the child himself, on his existing prerequisites for mastering educational activities.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY
Inclusion in a new social environment and the beginning of mastering educational activities require from the child a qualitatively new level of development and organization of all mental processes (perception, attention, memory, thinking), and a higher ability to control his behavior.
However, the possibilities of first-graders in this regard are still quite limited. This is largely due to the characteristics of the psychophysiological development of children 6-7 years old.
According to physiologists, by the age of 7 the cerebral cortex is already largely mature (which makes it possible to transition to systematic learning). However, the most important, specifically human parts of the brain are responsible for programming, regulation and control of complex forms of mental activity. Children of this age have not yet completed their formation (the development of the frontal parts of the brain ends only by the age of 12-14, and according to some data - only by the age of 21), as a result of which the regulating and inhibitory influence of the cortex is insufficient.
The imperfection of the regulatory function of the cortex is manifested in the characteristics characteristic of children emotional sphere and organization of activities. First-graders are easily distracted, incapable of long-term concentration, have low performance and get tired quickly, are excitable, emotional, and impressionable.
Motor skills and fine hand movements are still very imperfect, which causes natural difficulties in mastering writing, working with paper and scissors, etc.
The attention of 1st grade students is still poorly organized, has a small volume, is poorly distributed, and is unstable.
First-graders (as well as preschoolers) have a well-developed involuntary memory, which records vivid, emotionally rich information and events in the child’s life. Voluntary memory, based on the use of special techniques and means of memorization, including methods of logical and semantic processing of material, is not yet typical for first-graders due to the weakness of the development of the mental operations themselves.
The thinking of first-graders is predominantly visual and figurative. This means that in order to perform mental operations of comparison, generalization, analysis, and logical conclusion, children need to rely on visual material. Actions “in the mind” are still difficult for first-graders due to an insufficiently formed internal plan of action.
The behavior of first-graders (due to the above-mentioned age restrictions in the development of voluntariness and regulation of actions) is also often characterized by disorganization, lack of composure, and lack of discipline.
Having become a schoolchild and starting to master the intricacies of educational activities, the child only gradually learns to manage himself, to build his activities in accordance with his goals and intentions.
Parents and teachers must understand that a child's enrollment in school does not in itself ensure the emergence of these important qualities. They need special development. And here it is necessary to avoid a fairly common contradiction: from the threshold of school, they demand from the child something that has yet to be formed.
First-graders who have already crossed the seven-year mark are more mature in terms of psychophysiological, mental and social development than six-year-old schoolchildren. Therefore, seven-year-old children, all other things being equal, as a rule, are more easily involved in educational activities and quickly master the requirements of a mass school.
The first year of schooling sometimes determines the child’s entire subsequent school life. Much along this path depends on the parents of the first grader.
How to help your child adapt to school.
The most important and necessary thing for a child of any age, and especially for a first-grader, is correct mode day. Most parents know this, but in practice it is quite difficult to convince them that many learning difficulties and deteriorating health are associated precisely with violations of the regime. It is very important to have a daily schedule drawn up together with the child, and the MAIN THING is to follow it. You cannot demand organization and self-control from a child if the parents themselves are not able to follow the rules they themselves have established.
Awakening
There is no need to wake up the child; he may feel a sense of hostility towards his mother, who always disturbs him by pulling off the blanket. It is much better to teach him to use an alarm clock, let it be his personal alarm clock.
If a child has difficulty getting up, there is no need to tease him as a “lunger” or get into an argument about the “last minutes.” You can solve the issue differently: set the clock five minutes earlier: “Yes, I understand, for some reason I don’t want to get up today. Lie down for another five minutes.” You can turn the radio up louder.
When a child is rushed in the morning, he often does everything even slower. It is his natural reaction, his powerful weapon in the fight against a routine that does not suit him.
There is no need to rush again, it is better to say the exact time and indicate when he should finish what he is doing: “In 10 minutes you have to go to school.” “It’s already 7 o’clock, we’ll sit down at the table in 30 minutes.”
...So, the child got up (an hour and a half before going to school), did morning exercises, had breakfast (breakfast must be hot, and you should not hope that the child will eat at school...).
Going out to school
If the child forgot to put a textbook, breakfast, glasses in the bag; It is better to stretch them out in silence than to indulge in a tense discussion about his forgetfulness and irresponsibility.
“Here are your glasses” is better than “Will I really live to see the time when you learn to put your glasses on yourself?”
Do not scold or lecture before school. In parting, it is better to say: “May everything be fine today” than “Look, behave well, don’t play around.” It is more pleasant for a child to hear a confidential phrase: “See you at two o’clock” than “Don’t wander around anywhere after school, go straight home.”
Returning from school
Do not ask questions to which children give usual answers.
How are things at school?
Fine.
What did you do today?
Nothing.
Remember how annoying this question was at times, especially when the grades did not meet the expectations of the parents (“they need my grades, not me”). Observe the child, what emotions are “written” on his face. (“Was it a hard day? You probably couldn’t wait until the end. Are you glad you came home?”).
Came home from school. Remember - when your performance is declining! That is why it is absolutely necessary for him to first have lunch, rest - and under no circumstances sit down to his lessons right away (and this, unfortunately, happens often). You need to rest not lying down, not in front of the TV or VCR, but in the air, in active games, in movement.
Hygienists believe: normal time walks for primary schoolchildren - at least 3-3.5 hours.
And there are also frequent cases when parents deprive their children of walks - as punishment for bad grades, bad behavior, etc. You can’t imagine the worst! They punished not the offense, but the child himself, his mood at school tomorrow!
For children who are weakened, often ill, or with a weak nervous system, the best rest would be an hour and a half nap during the day in a well-ventilated room. Sleep also helps relieve stress on the musculoskeletal system and serves as a good prevention of postural disorders. But this is specifically for weakened children - there are many for whom movement is the best rest.
The best time to prepare lessons is 15-16 hours. Every 25-30 minutes - a break, physical education minutes with music (they restore performance, delay fatigue). You need to start preparing lessons with less complex ones (remember to practice!), then move on to the most difficult ones.
The sore point is TV. Junior schoolchildren should not sit in front of the TV for more than 40-45 minutes a day! And for excitable and weakened children, it is better to reduce this time too. Never watch TV while lying down.
It's time to sleep
Maintaining the required duration of sleep at night is especially important to combat fatigue. A first grader needs to sleep 11.5 hours a day, including 1.5 hours nap. In order for your sleep to be deep and restful, you need to follow basic rules: before going to bed, do not play noisy, exciting games, do not play sports, do not watch scary movies, do not engage in bullying, etc.
And this affects little by little: memory, attention, and performance deteriorate. Decreased performance and increased fatigue can be observed given sufficient time, but restless sleep, frequent awakenings, which often happens when the TV and radio are turned on in the room where the child is sleeping.
It is better for preschoolers and younger schoolchildren to be put to bed by their parents (mother and father). If before going to bed you talk confidentially with him, listen carefully, calm his fears, show that you understand the child, then he will learn to open his soul and be freed from fears and anxiety, and will fall asleep peacefully.
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
1) under no circumstances compare his mediocre results with the standard, that is, with the requirements of the school curriculum, the achievements of other, more successful students. It is better to never compare your child with other children (remember your childhood).
2) You can compare a child only with himself and praise him only for one thing: improving his own results. If he made 3 mistakes in yesterday’s homework, and 2 in today’s homework, this should be noted as a real success, which should be appreciated sincerely and without irony by his parents. Compliance with the rules of painless assessment of school success should be combined with the search for activities in which the child can realize himself and with maintaining the value of this activity. No matter what a child suffering from school failure is successful in, in sports, household chores, drawing, design, etc., in no case should he be blamed for failure in other school activities. On the contrary, it should be emphasized that once he has learned to do something well, he will gradually learn everything else.
Parents must wait patiently for success, because school work is where most often the short circuit occurs. vicious circle anxiety. School should remain an area of gentle assessment for a very long time.
The pain in the school sphere must be reduced by any means: reduce the value of school grades, that is, show the child that he is loved not for good studies, but loved, valued, generally accepted as his own child, of course, not for something, but in spite of everything.
How can I do that?
1. Do not show your child your concern about his school success.
2. Be sincerely interested in the child’s school life and shift the focus of your attention from studies to the child’s relationships with other children, to preparing and holding school holidays, duty, excursions, etc.
3. Emphasize, highlight as extremely significant the area of activity where the child is more successful, thereby helping to gain faith in himself.
1. Clear distribution and regulation of parental attention to the child according to the formula “pay attention to the child not only when he is bad, but when he is good and more when he is good.” The main thing here is to notice the child when he is invisible, when he is not playing tricks, hoping to attract attention.
The main reward is kind, loving, open, trusting communication in those moments when the child is calm, balanced, and doing something. (Praise his activities, work, and not the child himself, he still won’t believe it). I like your drawing. I'm glad to see how you work with your constructor, etc.).
2. The child needs to find an area where he could realize his demonstrativeness (clubs, dancing, sports, drawing, art studios, etc.).
Never send your child to first grade and some section or club at the same time. The very start of school life is considered severe stress for 6-7 year old children. If the baby does not have the opportunity to walk, relax, and do homework without haste, he may develop health problems and neurosis may begin. Therefore, if music and sports seem to be a necessary part of your child's upbringing, start taking him there a year before the start of school or in second grade.
TEACHER
A teacher, even the strictest, not always fair, is “the best” for a child, especially at first, and your negative attitude towards her demands will only make it difficult for the child to determine his own status as a student. The criteria for “what is possible” and “what is not” are more often determined by the teacher, so do not be angry if, in response to your demand, you hear: “But Sofya Petrovna said that this is not possible.” Sofya Petrovna is the highest authority, before whom even parental authority pales. Don’t be upset and remember: countering this remark with the phrase: “Your Sofya Petrovna knows a lot...” or the like is a prohibited technique. If your kid gets up before dawn because he’s on duty today and says he has to come before everyone else, take it as seriously as he does. If he asked you to prepare something for school, and for some reason you did not do this, a violent reaction and even tears should not be unexpected for you. You yourself demand a serious attitude towards school, and the child does not know how to separate what is significant and what is not; everything is equally important to him: a blank notebook and colored pencils, a sports uniform and the flower that you promised to bring to class.
More than half a century ago, the famous teacher J. Korczak wrote: “All modern education is aimed at making the child comfortable, consistently, step by step, trying to lull everything that is the will and freedom of the child, the fortitude of his spirit, the strength of his demands. Polite, obedient, good, convenient, and there is no thought that he will be internally weak-willed and weak in life.”
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“Actions are the fruits of thoughts. If thoughts are reasonable, there will be good deeds.” Gracia y Morales Baltazar Just yesterday he was very small, and you carried him in your arms and called him baby. For him, no one existed except you, and your main problem was changing the baby’s diapers on time. Just yesterday... And today he is almost an adult, your child. He has his own view on many things, he tries to be independent. These attempts most often lead to conflicts, misunderstandings and growing alienation between you. Sometimes you just give up and you don’t know what to do next. How to understand your child? How to behave with him? How to protect him from mistakes, because he is still completely inexperienced? You want only the best for him, but why does he increasingly leave, slamming the door? Where do all these conflicts come from literally “out of the blue”, because just recently it seemed to you that you knew and understood your child perfectly well? Questions, questions, questions... And among them the eternally important ones: what to do, and who is to blame. Do not rush to despair, many parents face similar problems! It’s better to try to find a way out of this situation together. It is very important that an atmosphere of love, goodwill, and mutual respect reigns in the family, so that parental control is not excessive and does not interfere with the development of independence and responsibility of children. In general, understanding a child means being able to take his position and look at the situation through his eyes. Do you really feel your son or daughter so well that you can always determine his (her) mood? Unfortunately, many parents only think that they are “tuned to the wavelength” of their child, but in fact they are wishful thinking. 1. Teenage environment and bad habits From small and helpless they turn into teenagers. As children grow up, the problems we face become more serious. Today I would like to invite you to think about the bad habits that await any person in life. life path, sometimes crossing out your entire life. How to protect your child from drugs? We may not find it today unique recipe, but let's try to figure it out. Habit is second nature... How often do we hear these words. Every person has a large number of habits, both harmful and useful. Habits are automated actions that occur regardless of a person’s desires. Good habits help us feel collected, organized, and ready to overcome difficulties. They help a person under stress and under time pressure. Unfortunately, people – both adults and children – spontaneously develop not only useful, but also bad habits. Every habit does not appear by chance. It is based on a reinforcement mechanism. If the habit has received repeated positive reinforcement, then it will become entrenched and will be difficult to remove. The problem of bad habits is solved by both psychologists and teachers, and parents also fight bad habits of children. How do we do this? Let's try to move from theory to practice. 1.1.Smoking How to protect your child from smoking? We may not find a unique recipe today, but we’ll try to figure it out. It has long been known that tobacco is harmful to the body. Experiments have shown that animals die under the influence of nicotine. Then the phrase was born: “A drop of nicotine kills a horse.” To be precise, a drop of nicotine can kill not one, but three horses. Slide 22. Nicotine is a powerful nerve poison. For man lethal dose is 0.08 g of nicotine (this amount is contained in only 10 cigarettes). Not all the smoke reaches the lungs. The smoker gets about 25% of this “smoky bouquet”, 60% dissipates in the atmosphere, but 15% ends up in the lungs of others. In the child’s body, the mechanisms that allow, through the work of the liver, kidneys, and lungs, to quickly get rid of toxic substances as quickly as possible are just being formed. Hence the sad statistics: the incidence of colds in children of smokers is 3 times higher, bronchial asthma 4 times higher, allergies 2 times higher compared to children from non-smoking families. Measures to avoid passive smoking: The family should have a taboo on smoking in the presence of a child; The apartment needs to be ventilated often and regularly; Teach a child correct behavior in the presence of smoking people; Explain to the child why someone in his family smokes, but under no circumstances should he do this. When you first smoke, your throat feels sore, your heart beats faster, and a nasty taste appears in your mouth. All these unpleasant sensations associated with the first cigarette are not accidental. This is a protective reaction of the body, and you need to take advantage of it - give up the next cigarette. Until the hour comes when this will not be so easy. There are 3 stages of smoking. 1. Irregular smoking is a psychological addiction. 2. Long-term smoking is a psychophysiological dependence. 3. Intense smoking is a physiological addiction. It is important to explain to your child the dangers of smoking to his health. At the same time, the main emphasis should be placed on things that are significant for a girl or boy. Smoking affects growth. It quickly ages a person and makes him less attractive. Not a single person who smoked managed to achieve heights in sports. What to do if you find out that your child has tried smoking. Ask him to explain why he decided to try smoking. A son or daughter must understand that an honest confession will not be followed by punishment. You should understand the reasons that made your child try to smoke. The child should know that his action greatly upset you. Ask him to calm you down: to promise not to repeat his offense again. 1.2. Childhood alcoholism is scary! In the modern world, these problems have suddenly become “younger”: there are so many teenagers among smokers, drunkards and drug addicts today that adults simply do not have the right to brush aside this problem. There is no guarantee that your own child, obedient and modest yesterday, will not become addicted to tobacco, alcohol or start using drugs tomorrow; Of course, you should try to avoid this. But what needs to be done to prevent a teenager from sliding to the bottom, from becoming an alcoholic or drug addict, from exchanging real life for hallucinatory delirium? First of all, it is important here personal example: what does a child see from childhood, how do you, your closest relatives, your family friends feel about smoking and alcohol? How do you usually celebrate holidays? The second point is your attitude to information, in large quantities coming from the TV screen, from radios, from the pages of newspapers and magazines: if you laugh joyfully at jokes about drug addicts, are proud of the “exploits” of our drunken compatriots (“No one in the whole world will outdrink a Russian!”), you chuckle skeptically when reading about cirrhosis of the liver , then what do you want from a teenager? He will feel exactly the same way about this issue as you do! Be careful in your statements, or even better, reconsider your concept of life and change your attitudes. 1.3. Addiction « A traveler walking along the river heard desperate children's cries. Running to the shore, he saw drowning children in the river and rushed to save them. Noticing a man passing by, he began to call him for help. He began to help those who were still afloat. Seeing the third traveler, they called him for help... But he, not paying attention to the calls, quickened his steps... “Are you indifferent to the fate of the children?” asked the rescuers. The third traveler answered them: “I see that you two are coping together. I’ll run to the bend, find out why children fall into the river, and try to prevent it.”. This parable illustrates possible approaches to solving the problem of drug addiction. You can save “drowning” children by building hospitals and rehabilitation centers, and fight drug dealers. This should be and is done by professionals. The task of teachers and parents is to “run to the bend of the river and prevent children from falling into the water,” that is, to do their job - prevention. What should we know about drug addiction today? Every period in the life of society is characterized by difficulties and contradictions. Perestroika affected many aspects of life and brought not only some positive results, but also many new problems, including: juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, substance abuse. These problems are global, of a public nature and most often affect adolescents with unstable mental health. So, drugs have become a reality today, their danger is associated with three main points: 1) A drug is a drug that constantly increases the need for its use. Drug addiction, substance abuse is the intake of poisons, which, becoming part of the body’s metabolic processes, cause the need to take ever newer and larger doses. 2) Attachment to drugs and substance abuse lead to rapid degradation of the personality of a teenager who is ready to obtain the substance by any means and commits crimes, stopping at nothing. Moreover, in 90% of cases, the courts fail to find out the sources and bosses of the drug business. 3) Drugs and substance abuse lead to a decrease in performance, movements become slow, attention is distracted, the reaction to any stimulus becomes inadequate, the teenager loses his bearings in the outside world, moral and intellectual degradation occurs. Highlight following reasons start of drug use: 1. Free offer to try a drug. 2. Out of curiosity. 3. Does not realize the harmfulness and harmfulness of the habit, the reaction to which is 15–20 times higher than to alcohol. 4. Low self-esteem of a teenager. 5. The desire to get away from melancholy and loneliness. Scientists and practitioners dealing with drug addiction problems identify specific factors that contribute to the involvement of adolescents in the company of drug users. Parents also need to know and keep this in mind. 1. Difficulty in relationships with elders or lack of control on the part of parents. 2. Some teenagers strive to prove themselves or stand out among their peers at any cost - due to the fact that they are accustomed to increased attention in the family. They have a need to surprise, to accomplish, to do something that other teenagers have not done before. 3. Force of coercion is often used, especially against weak-willed people or teenagers deprived of the attention of adults. Every year, the latest varieties of drugs enter the underground markets of our country. In Russia, more than 20 thousand crimes are committed due to drug addiction. Over the past five years, the total amount of drugs seized has increased from 12 to 85 tons. According to sociological surveys, 12% of schoolchildren under the age of 16 have tried drugs at least once in their lives, 1% use them regularly. Representatives of the criminal environment are extremely interested in adolescents repeating their first experience with drug use. After all, it's money. Every parent should be well aware of the signs of a child’s drug addiction: 1. A sudden change of friends. 2. Sharp deterioration behavior. 3. Changing eating habits. 4. Cases of forgetfulness, incoherent speech. 5. Sudden mood changes. 6. Complete loss of previous interests. 7. Sudden loss of coordination of movements. 8. Frequent mention of drugs in jokes and conversations. 9. In the background full health– dilated pupils, redness of the eyes, cough, runny nose, vomiting. However, being attentive to a child does not mean closely monitoring his every step and suspecting everything is bad. This means loving and supporting him. A long time ago famous actress Marlene Dietrich said this about her mother: “The floor was harder under my feet when I was little. It’s harder than a rock when you need support, and much harder than a rock when you’re standing without help and ready to run headlong.” 2. Liability of minors. Code of Administrative Offenses Article 20. 20. Drinking alcohol and alcohol-containing products or drugs or psychotropic substances V in public places. Article 20. 21. Appearance (in public places while intoxicated). Article 20.22. Drinking and appearance, as well as the use of narcotic and psychotropic substances by minors under the age of 16 years. Involves imposition administrative fine for parents or their legal representatives in the amount of 3 to 5 times the minimum wage. Criminal Code. Article 228. Illegal production, acquisition, storage, transportation, forwarding or sale of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (imprisonment for a term of 3 to 10 years). Article 230. Inducement to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (imprisonment for a term of 2 to 8 years). Article 231. Illegal cultivation (fine in the amount of 500 to 700 times the minimum wage). Article 232. Organization of dens for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (imprisonment for a term of 3 to 7 years). Try to help them understand that... Facilities mass media often create attractive images of people who drink alcohol and smoke, but in real life not so much and no more than among non-drinkers and non-smokers. Alcohol and drugs dull the mind and can impair coordination, but they do not solve any problem. Neither a cigarette, nor alcohol, nor drugs can turn a child into an adult. Only time and experience can do this. Moreover, drinking alcohol by minors is against the law, just like smoking by children under 14 years of age. Not being dependent on tobacco, alcohol or drugs in the future will help you make good friends and take a better position in society.To become successful in life, children must learn to communicate effectively, be able to act in a team, and choose friends who are not addicted to alcohol and drugs. The vast majority of famous actors, musicians, singers, whom we often see on screens, come to the conclusion about the need for a sober lifestyle, and those who do not understand this end up badly. Techniques for countering bad habits.
Memo to parents from their child. Don't spoil me Don't be afraid to be firm with me Don't rely on strength Don't make promises you can't keep Don't make me feel younger Don't correct me in front of strangers Don't forget that I love to experiment Don't forget that I cannot develop successfully without attention and approval And besides, I love you so much, please answer me the same... Love your children, but don't be blind! |
Bad habits of schoolchildren are a source of frustration for teachers and parents. In order for students to lead a healthy lifestyle, timely prevention is needed to protect them from harmful addiction.
Bad habits are a problem that modern youth very often face. If previously older teenagers suffered from bad habits, now this is typical for students high school. What attracts guys to such destructive attachments? Most likely, teenagers want to look like adults.
Bad habits allow them to feel free and independent to some extent. Every schoolchild knows what a healthy lifestyle is, but for some reason some kids are not at all attracted to it. A healthy lifestyle is, first of all, about working on yourself. A person who follows it must eat right, exercise and, most importantly, give up all bad habits forever. What is the value of a healthy lifestyle?
There are many possible answers to this question. Each person finds its own advantages in it. Some people hope that this lifestyle will prolong youth and beauty, others are attracted by the opportunity to remain slim and fit and feel great. Proper nutrition and daily routine allow the student to master the school curriculum much better. Physical and mental health are interconnected concepts.
Unfortunately, not all modern teenagers fully understand how important it is to monitor the condition of their own body from a young age. Some believe that even without this they will always remain as healthy and beautiful as they are now. Modern cinema and the media have a decisive influence on the formation of such an irresponsible approach to the problem of a correct lifestyle.
Previously, schoolchildren's attitude towards bad habits was mostly negative. This was achieved, among other things, due to the fact that the Soviet Ministry of Culture monitored what feature films were talking about and what was said in the media. In those days, propaganda against smoking and drinking alcohol was very active.
But a couple of decades ago, young people had the opportunity to watch completely different films, in which the main characters appeared before the viewer with a bottle of beer and a cigarette in hand. In those days, American films were extremely popular. Schoolchildren watched them and the information that smoking was fashionable was stored in their subconscious.
After all, this is exactly what the main characters demonstrate on screen. Of course, not only films, but also society as a whole and public ideology are to blame for the formation of such an irresponsible approach to one’s own health. If smoking used to be considered something very shameful, then at a certain time society decided that it was fashionable. At the moment, it is already becoming obvious that the problem of bad habits that schoolchildren suffer from needs to be dealt with very seriously. In this case, an integrated approach is important.
This is the only way to raise a healthy generation that thinks about its future. So, what should be the main methods of competent education based on adopting a healthy lifestyle? The formation of correct life values is laid down in the family. School, friends and immediate surroundings undoubtedly play an important role in the life of a teenager. If parents want to raise their child healthy, they need to educate him from a very early age.
The first thing to remember is that mom and dad should become a positive example for the child. It is important not just to lecture him, but to show him by example how bright and rich life can be without bad habits. If the mother of a growing daughter allows herself to smoke, then the parent’s words about the dangers of smoking will sound quite comical. From a very early age, it is necessary to accustom the child to proper nutrition, correct daily routine.
It is important to show him that only a healthy person can enjoy life, since bad feeling discourages all desire for fun and entertainment. In order for a child to hear everything that parents are trying to convey to him, they must become for him those people whose opinion is absolutely authoritative. You can also include older brothers, sisters and other relatives.
It is very important that from an early age the child hears the opinions of all family members about a healthy lifestyle and how important it is. Particular attention should be paid to adolescents entering adolescence. At this time, schoolchildren, more than ever, are prone to self-expression and are very susceptible to other people's influence. Lectures on the dangers of alcohol and smoking should also be given by teachers of secondary schools.
At the same time, it is very useful to involve psychologists and other specialists who can find an approach to teenagers. Promoting a healthy lifestyle should become one of the most basic tasks for teachers. Particular attention should be paid to schoolchildren from so-called disadvantaged families. For such children, teachers sometimes become the only educators.
When talking with a teenager, it is very important to focus on what the student needs, and not on teachers or parents. Simply put, there is no need to describe to him some vague prospects of what will happen to him in many years if he surrenders to bad habits, or to say that his healthy lifestyle is needed primarily by his family and those around him.
It is important for a student to realize how much he himself needs this healthy lifestyle, and right now. For example, when talking to a girl, you can mention how unattractive women who smoke and drink are to people of the opposite sex. Schoolgirls who are in adolescence, as a rule, already begin to be interested in boys. They will definitely think about how bad habits will affect her relationship with them.
The young lady can be reminded that girls who lead an unhealthy lifestyle are perceived by boys more as “their boyfriend” rather than as a fragile and defenseless creature that needs to be protected and preserved. You can also tell her how much the skin of women who smoke ages. All this needs to be presented in a fairly unobtrusive form to enable the teenager to understand everything.
To gain the trust of a young lady and further persuade her to your point of view, you can give her an impromptu lesson on beauty. For example, you can tell her about skin care and makeup. At the same time, it is imperative to once again identify all the problems that can arise with the skin of a woman who smokes. Teenage boys can be told how bad habits are detrimental to their physical fitness.
In some schools, it is customary to invite men who enjoy authority among schoolchildren to such lectures. For example, it could be famous actor or singer. Many celebrities agree to conduct such conversations absolutely free of charge. In this way they contribute to the development healthy nation. When talking with teenagers, it is important to mention your own attitude towards alcohol and smoking.
It can be emphasized that everything that this or that famous man managed to achieve in life, he managed to achieve after a categorical refusal of alcohol and smoking. Parents of teenagers should remember that their children are greatly influenced by their environment. It is important to always be aware of who the child communicates with and in what society he prefers to spend his free time. If a student gets involved with bad company, it’s time to sound the alarm.
In this case, it is important to do everything to switch the teenager to a more useful pastime. It is necessary to understand that a person acquires all bad habits from idleness. When a teenager is busy, he has no time to think about bad habits. He faces completely different goals. That is why it is important to rationally organize a child’s leisure time. It is best to send him to some club, or offer him to attend classes held at school.
Classes in sports schools are a very good way to prevent bad habits. As a rule, people who lead a healthy lifestyle gather there. Rotating in such an environment, the teenager will not want to stand out from other athletes and he will once and for all choose a healthy lifestyle. Any activity or hobby in itself is a good prevention against bad habits. A student who is passionate about an activity will spend his free time exclusively on it.
He will no longer have the desire to wander aimlessly through the streets with a cigarette and beer in his hands. In the struggle for the right way of life, both teachers and parents of schoolchildren must act in concert and harmoniously. It's better to join forces. This is how you can achieve your desired goal much faster. In addition, parents should always keep in touch with the teacher and find out from him about everything related to their child. This is one of the rules of decent upbringing.
Preventing bad habits among schoolchildren is a task that should be faced by both teachers and parents of students. She must become mandatory element educational work.
Job class teacher on the prevention of bad habits, the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture
Until relatively recently, everything a person needed for life seemed inexhaustible and eternal: forests, faunal resources, minerals, etc. Water flowed from the taps, central heating began to work at the right time, electricity and gas were always available. Now people have realized that nothing lasts forever and everything that we consume from nature must be spent sparingly, while taking care of the restoration of resources. All of the above also applies to human health, since health is the main personal resource of each of us. A person comes into this world not only for his comfortable existence and personal happiness. His mind, skills, experience, his whole life are necessary for his children, society, and future generations.
Health, spiritual and physical, which is the main asset of a person, helps to make a person’s existence on earth worthy. And not only a personal matter, but also a public matter. But, unfortunately, health is far from and not always the first place for a person, which for some is reserved for things and other things. material benefits life, career, success. It cannot be said that people do not understand the importance of health and do not value it. But, unfortunately, most people realize the value of health when it is under serious threat or has been lost to a certain extent. Only then (and even then not always to the proper extent) does motivation arise - to cure the disease, get rid of bad habits, and become healthy.
Health cannot be viewed as the basic absence of physical defects or diseases in a person. The Charter of the World Health Organization (WHO) interprets the concept of “health” as “a state of complete social and spiritual well-being.”
What does it mean to be healthy for a child? This means developing one’s physical and spiritual strength in harmony, having endurance and balance, and being able to withstand the effects of both unfavorable environmental factors and one’s inner world. A healthy lifestyle of the younger generation is the key to the health of the nation as a whole. That is why educational and educational activities of the family, college and the entire society on the issues of maintaining and promoting health are so necessary.
The family, unfortunately, in our time is not a place for the formation and strengthening of a child’s health. Many parents do not have enough knowledge or experience for this. But the family should not and does not have the moral right to avoid solving such an important problem. It is the family, according to scientists, that is one of the greatest values created by humanity in the entire history of its existence. Each family is unique, but at the same time contains characteristics by which it can be classified as a particular type.
1. Patriarchal (traditional) family.
This is a large family, where they live in one “nest” different generations relatives and in-laws. There are many children in the family who depend on their parents, respect their elders, and strictly observe national and religious customs. In such families, teenagers have a more stable character, therefore, they are more restrained in relation to alcohol and smoking.
2. Nuclear family.
They consist primarily of two generations - spouses and children - until the latter marry. In such families, that is, in young families, there is usually close cooperation between spouses in everyday life. It is expressed in a respectful attitude towards each other, in mutual assistance, in the open expression of care for each other, in contrast to patriarchal families, in which, according to custom, such relationships are usually veiled. But the spread of nuclear families is fraught with the weakening of emotional ties between young spouses and their parents, as a result of which the possibility of providing mutual assistance is reduced, and the transfer of experience, including the experience of education, from the older generation to the younger is difficult.
3. Single-parent family.
A sad sign of the present time is the growth of single-parent families resulting from divorce or the death of one of the spouses. In an incomplete family, one of the spouses (most often the mother) raises the child(ren). And if there is no father or his image in the family, then it is very difficult for a young man to become a man.
4. Maternal (non-marital) family.
It differs from an incomplete family in that the mother was not married to the father of her child. Today in Russia, every third child is raised in an incomplete or maternal family.
But regardless of what type a particular family belongs to, each family primarily has an educational function. The educational potential of a family is the totality of the material, national, psychological, spiritual, emotional capabilities of a family in raising children, determined by its characteristics (type, structure, traditions, etc.)
Peculiarities family education:
Organic connection with the child’s life;
Continuity and duration of exposure;
Multiple and contradictory educational influences;
Intimacy, naturalness, versatility and spontaneity of communication based on a sense of kinship, love, trust, mutual responsibility;
Relative isolation;
Communication and interaction of people of different ages with different interests and professional activities (family as a differentiated social group);
Mutual direction of formative influences.
Negative factors of family education:
Immorality, immoral style and tone of relationships;
Lack of spirituality of parents;
Underdevelopment of parental feelings;
Lack of normal psychological climate;
Predominance of material values;
Fanaticism in all its manifestations;
Illegal (criminal) behavior of adults;
Lack of psychological and pedagogical knowledge among adult family members.
Family is a school of work and life. Nothing can compare in terms of influence in preparing a teenager for future life with the enormous role that the family plays. A family raises a child, not through some “events,” but through its entire way of life, the spiritual and moral atmosphere that prevails in it, the irreplaceable wealth and warmth that can exist between very close people.
In a word, a normal family is best collateral prevention of drunkenness, alcoholism and, of course, smoking. It is no secret that the lack of warmth, comfort in the house, and a joyful atmosphere that the mother failed to create forces other family members to look for them somewhere else. The family is the main link where good habits and harmful ones are rejected. The child’s first impressions associated with performing a certain action are drawn from home life. The child sees, perceives, tries to imitate, and this action is reinforced in him regardless of his fragile will.
The issues under consideration related to alcoholism and smoking are relevant, of course, primarily for the younger generation. Lack of reliable information on the prevalence and frequency of use of drugs, alcoholic beverages, toxic agents smoking, including smoking, makes it difficult to understand the serious health consequences of these substances. Yes, many teenagers do not know about the dangers of these substances, because first of all there is a lack of family communication.
Family communication is an intimate, emotional, trusting relationship. With today’s extremely stressful rhythm of life, the family becomes a “shelter for the soul”, increasingly necessary for a person as a place for a favorable change of environment, a transition to a state of freedom. Therefore, family communication plays a special role in family education, as well as in the prevention of bad habits.
The main mistakes of modern families:
Lack of family communication;
Indifference in the affairs of children;
Abuse of alcohol and smoking by parents themselves.
Therefore, one of the tasks of the education system, along with research activities on a healthy lifestyle for students, carrying out therapeutic, preventive and health-improving activities, and educational work with students, is informational, educational and educational work with their parents.
Raising good people healthy habits among the younger generation, children will be encouraged to return to the beauty of words and the nobility of action, nurturing a culture of the child’s inner world, positive example adults, creating conditions for reasonable leisure. Nurturing strong-willed character traits, education, knowledge of the legal foundations of health care, right attitude to life values, the formation of interest in creative, cognitive activities, the creation of conditions for social and professional self-determination, preventive measures - all this helps to create the need for a healthy lifestyle.
The lack of basic knowledge among children about how to become healthy, maintain and strengthen their health is the fault of parents and teachers. Health education should help people learn everything about the essence of human health. About what strengthens or weakens it, about the ability to preserve it by the person himself. Thanks to the joint efforts of college, family, and society, the growing citizen should be strengthened in the idea that he is responsible for his own health and should consider it as the highest value. Because his health is the length of his life on earth, it is success in life and personal happiness .
Information, educational and educational measures should be carried out in conjunction with preventive measures. Prevention (translated from Greek - protective, precautionary) is a whole range of measures that are aimed at ensuring high level people’s health, their creative longevity, eliminating the causes of diseases (for example, preventing the development of bad habits), creating better conditions for work, life, recreation, etc.
The most important thesis or, if you like, the rule of prevention: “It’s better not to start than to quit later.” And if prevention for adults is a relatively useless thing, due to a fairly clear understanding of the dangers of tobacco or any other “habit,” then prevention for children can bring truly stunning results. Children, despite attempts to show their own independence and opposition, are more than sane and suggestible creatures. Individual prevention is carried out by the person himself when he leads a healthy lifestyle. Public prevention is a holistic system of measures: social, economic, legislative, educational, sanitary-technical and sanitary-hygienic. And the success of all measures taken largely depends on how conscious each citizen of the country is about protecting and strengthening his health, how wisely and effectively he uses the opportunities provided to him to strengthen and preserve his health and the health of the people around him.
As a result scientific research The influence of risk factors, including bad habits, on the occurrence of various forms of pathology in the body has been proven. For example, smoking leads to coronary disease heart disease, lung disease, contributes to the appearance of malignant tumors. Since some risk factors begin to act already in childhood, the cause of many diseases (most forms of non-infectious pathology, including cardiovascular diseases) should be identified and eliminated, starting from childhood. Risk factors are widespread among children and adolescents. But it is precisely at this age that properly implemented preventive measures are especially effective.
Family education is not an easy matter, especially when the child is in adolescence. Teachers, psychologists and doctors should help parents understand the importance of the processes occurring in teenage body. In connection with these changes, methods of family education are also changing. This issue should be given great attention during parent meetings.
Adolescence is not only a period of puberty. This is also “the age of maturation of personality and worldview,” wrote L.S. Vygotsky. Class teachers, involving psychologists, doctors, and representatives of the public in working with students, must make every effort to ensure that as a result of this “maturation” we receive a good-quality product: a person who is healthy spiritually and morally. Class teachers, when working with teenagers, should not see them only as violators school order. It is necessary to learn to notice positive shifts and changes in them, to involve them in acquiring additional knowledge, creativity, to develop a desire to lead a healthy lifestyle, to help and support in building their personality. Of course, the promotion of a healthy and safe lifestyle must be aggressive and planned, and the level of explanatory work must be high. The means and forms are very diverse: visual (posters, films, TV shows), printed, works of art, oral (radio speeches, public lectures, conversations).
Due to psychological characteristics, a teenager better perceives visual methods of propaganda. He greets any openly edifying forms or teachings with skepticism, as an encroachment on freedom, an attempt to “get into the soul.” Conversations with teenagers require special skills and clear language. This is especially true for such hot topic as a prevention of bad habits.
Among the questions that require special attention, the issue of developing strong-willed qualities. It is no secret that modern schoolchildren have such a phenomenon as a certain defect of will. Formation of will is not only a problem adolescence. This quality is cultivated from childhood. Together with correct value orientations, it becomes the key to the moral life of an individual. Many teenagers want to be strong-willed. They suffer from the fact that they do not have strong-willed qualities that would help them cope better with their academic responsibilities and with resisting bad habits. And, if their immaturity is discovered, the class teacher and parents of students cannot avoid this problem. If teenagers feel respect for themselves, their interests, problems from the class teacher, an adult with a more developed consciousness and greater life experience, then they will perceive the teacher (psychologist, doctor, etc.) not just as a transmitter of knowledge, but as a bearer of the moral experience of humanity, a person worth listening to. The warmth and sincerity of adults will help to open up to teenagers all the positive prospects for moral personal development and leading a healthy lifestyle. Anti-alcohol and anti-drug propaganda, prevention of bad habits - this is not only a message negative consequences that intimidate a teenager (unfortunately, sometimes all the work comes down to this), it is also a well-structured entire educational process, which gives the teenager the opportunity to improve himself, his personality (examples of posters).
The implementation of preventive and educational measures is the task of the whole society: health authorities, various ministries and departments, periodicals and television, public organizations and labor collectives. But first of all, it is the concern of the family and educational institution. Both should not forget that the health of the younger generation is the further development, social and economic power of our state, a dignified old age for each of us.
The college must contribute in every possible way to the formation of a pedagogical culture of parents, which is an integral part general culture person. Pedagogical culture is the basis of the educational activities of father and mother. It helps to avoid mistakes in family education and solve difficult problems of relationships with children. In the process of forming the pedagogical culture of parents, knowledge of sociology, psychology, and physiology of children is acquired. After all, in order to give a child the right upbringing, it is necessary to know him well, “in all respects,” as K.D. said. Ushinsky. Trainings, questionnaires and tests will help parents master the methods and techniques of education and learn to creatively use the material received. Family education should not be allowed “blindly”. After all, this can affect the development of our children. Children should develop sharply negative attitude to smoking and alcoholism. It is important to explain to them that smokers and drinkers are not “adults”, not “courageous” people, but simply “slaves of habit”, that it is a sign of weak will and poor self-control.
And it is obviously useful for everyone - both adults and children - to remember the words said by Leo Tolstoy regarding smoking and drinking alcohol: “Liberation from this terrible evil will be an era in the life of mankind.”
