Mycoses are fungal diseases in cats. Fungus in cats: types of dangerous pathogens

Based on materials from www.merckmanuals.com

Some fungi can infect healthy cats, while others are only sick, weakened or with impaired immunity. Long-term use of antibiotics or immunosuppressants also reduces the body's resistance to some fungal infections. The infection may be localized or may affect the entire body. In cats fungal infections for the most part affect the skin, generalized forms are very rare.

Aspergillosis in cats.

Aspergillosis- infection caused by fungi Aspergillus. This respiratory infection, which can become generalized. Aspergillosis is widespread throughout the world, the infection occurs in almost all domestic animals and many wild ones, but resistance to it various types quite different. Cases of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity, lungs and intestines have been described in cats. Cats already suffering from any viral infections or with reduced immunity are at greater risk of fungal infection. Signs of aspergillosis are nonspecific and include inflammation of the nasopharynx or esophagus (or both) and pneumonia. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult. Antifungal drugs are used for treatment and surgical methods however, the prognosis for recovery depends on general condition cats and severity of infection.

Candidiasis in cats.

Candidiasis(thrush) is a localized fungal disease that affects the mucous membranes and skin. Candidiasis is common among various animals, including cats. In most cases, candidiasis is caused by yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. In cats, candidiasis is rare, usually in connection with diseases of the upper respiratory system, oral, eye, infections of the space between the lungs and chest wall, intestinal, bladder infections.

Prerequisites for infection in cats include trauma to any mucous membrane, the use of catheters, antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, and certain diseases.

Symptoms of candidiasis in cats are nonspecific (eg, diarrhea, weakness, skin lesions) and are usually more associated with primary disease than with candidiasis itself. To treat the oral cavity and skin, external agents (ointments, sprays) are used. If necessary, they can be assigned oral medications or injections.

Coccidioidomycosis in cats.

Coccidioidomycosis(Valley fever) - non-contagious infection caused by a fungus Coccidioides immitis. The disease is common in dry, desert regions. Inhalation of fungal spores (often carried by dust particles) is the only way the disease can be transmitted. Outbreaks of the disease can occur during periods when rains give way to drought and dust storms begin. Coccidioidomycosis is rare in cats.

Coccidioidomycosis is primarily a chronic respiratory disease. Signs of coccidioidomycosis in cats include skin problems (dry skin, lumps under the skin, abscesses), fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Difficulty breathing, lameness, neurological problems and eye problems. Diagnosis is made by identifying the fungus by analyzing tissue samples from the cat.

Treatment of cats for coccidioidomycosis involves long-term use antifungal drugs. Cats with skin problems respond well to treatment, but in other cases the prognosis for recovery is guarded. For prevention, it is necessary, if possible, to protect the cat from desert dust.

Cryptococcosis in cats.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease that can affect a cat's respiratory tract, (especially nasal cavity), central nervous system, eyes and skin (particularly the face and neck). The disease is caused by fungi Cryptococcus neoformans, which can be found in soil and bird droppings, especially pigeon droppings. The fungus is transmitted through inhaled spores or through wounds.

Cryptococcosis is common in cats, but other domestic (and wild) animals are also susceptible to the disease. In cats, symptoms of the disease usually appear as signs of a disease of the nasal cavity due to infections of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms include sneezing, bloody issues from the nose, polyp-like formations in the nostrils, and hard swellings under the skin and above the bridge of the nose. Small raised bumps and nodules may appear on some areas of the skin and may be watery or firm. Such areas may ulcerate, exposing the surface of the body beneath the skin. Neurological signs signs of central cryptococcosis nervous system include depression, temperamental changes, seizures, dizziness, mild paralysis and blindness. Cats can also develop eye pathologies.

Various antifungal drugs are used to treat cryptococcosis in cats. As a rule, the cat has to be treated long time(several months) - the period depends on the severity and extent of the fungus. Can be used for treatment surgical operations for the removal of tumors in the nasal cavity or on the bridge of the nose. If a cat is simultaneously infected with the feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus, the prognosis is cautious, since in such animals there is a high probability of complications during treatment.

Histoplasmosis in cats.

Histoplasmosis is a non-contagious disease caused by fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, common in many countries. Fungi are widely present in the soil, especially in river valleys and plains. The infection spreads by inhaling airborne spores. First of all, the lungs and lymph nodes in the cat's chest are affected, from where the fungus spreads. blood vessels spreads throughout the body. The infection can be localized in the bone marrow and eyes.

Symptoms of histoplasmosis in cats are nonspecific and depend on which body organ is affected. Sometimes cats with lung disease have a fever, difficulty breathing, and a cough. Lung infections in cats usually go away on their own. However, if the infection respiratory tract spreads to other organs, more serious forms of the disease may develop, involving many organs and systems of the body. The fungus often affects the lungs, intestines, lymph nodes, liver, spleen and Bone marrow. Signs of the disease most often include depression, fever, poor appetite, Besides - chronic diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, anemia and weight loss. The infection can affect the cat's bones, eyes, skin, and central nervous system.

For treatment, it is necessary to identify the presence of fungus in body fluids and tissues. At widespread fungus in the body, treatment is significantly difficult. Antifungal drugs are used, supportive care is required, special food, increase fluid intake (hydration) and control secondary bacterial infections. Antifungal agents (sometimes quite expensive) usually have to be used for a long time.

Mycetoma in cats.

Mycetoma- disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance nodules or tumors. The fungal form of the disease is called eumycotic mycetoma. Fungi multiply in damaged areas, combining into new growths in the form of granules or grains. There are such granules different color and size, depending on the type of fungus. Fortunately, mycetoma is rare in cats.

In most cases, eumycotic mycetoma affects subcutaneous tissue. In cats, mycetoma usually causes nodules to form on the skin of the paws or face. When mycetoma affects the limbs, the infection may spread to the bones of the paws. While mycetoma does not threaten the cat's life, it is often difficult to notice. To treat mycetoma in cats, antifungal drugs are used, and in some cases surgical removal affected areas.

North American blastomycosis in cats.

Blastomycosis- a disease caused by fungi Blastomyces dermatitidis. Distributed in North America, in the area limited by the basins of the Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee and Ohio rivers, as well as near the Great Lakes and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Therefore, it is not relevant for Russia.

Pheohyphomycosis in cats.

Pheohyphomycosis- a generalized name for diseases caused by pigmented fungi of the family Dematiaceae. Infection can be the result of fungus entering wounds due to injuries. In cats, phaeohyphomycosis is rarely observed, and in most cases the skin and subcutaneous tissues are affected. Possible formation of slowly growing masses under the skin on the head, tissues of the nasal passages, limbs and chest. The nodules may ulcerate. Treatment of phaeohyphomycosis in cats is carried out by surgical removal of the damaged areas. If surgical removal is not possible, antifungal agents may be used for treatment.

Rhinosporidiosis in cats.

Rhinosporidiosis- chronic fungal disease is not life-threatening, in which the tissues of the nasal passages, sometimes the skin, are primarily affected. Rhinosporidiosis is caused by fungi Rhinosporidium seeberi.

In rhinosporidiosis, soft, pink, loose, polyp-like growths with rough surfaces develop - large enough to make breathing difficult or block the nasal passages. There may be single or multiple growths on the skin, located directly on the skin or attached to it by a “stem”.

The standard treatment for rhinosporidiosis in cats is surgical removal of the tumors, however, recurrence of the disease remains possible.

Sporotrichosis in cats.

Sporotrichosis- chronic sporadic disease caused by a fungus Sporothrix schenckii. The fungus can be found in soil, plants and wood on all continents, most often in coastal areas and river valleys. Infection usually occurs when the fungus enters the cat's body from the ground or plants through wounds. It is important that the fungus can be transmitted to humans from animals.

Sporotrichosis is more common in cats than in other domestic animals. The infection may remain localized to the wound site (affecting only the skin) or spread to nearby lymph nodes. Although the generalized form of the disease may not be noticeable at first, over time it can cause fever, lethargy and depression. IN in rare cases the infection can spread through the blood vessels from the initial site of infection to the bones, lungs, liver, spleen, testicles, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system.

Treatment requires long-term use of antifungal drugs (3 to 4 weeks) after recovery. Due to the risk of human infection, strict hygiene must be observed when handling cats with suspected or diagnosed sporotrichosis. If your cat is diagnosed with sporotrichosis, ask your veterinarian about precautions to take while your cat recovers.

Cryptococcosis is a deep mycosis caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus with a capsule and an affinity for the central nervous system. Unlike other systemic mycoses, infection occurs more often through inhalation of the yeast-like form of the fungus rather than mycelial spores. Cryptococcus usually colonizes the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity and sinuses) and sometimes the lungs. In animals sensitive to cryptococcosis, the fungus can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system, eyes, lymph nodes, scalp, etc. The development of cryptococcosis can be facilitated by a hereditary defect in the immune system.

Cryptococcus is often present in soil and poultry (particularly chicken) droppings in warm, humid climates. No impact sunlight and drying, the mushroom remains viable in bird droppings for up to at least 2 years. The disease is rare in dogs and more common in cats. Evidence of human infection from animals with cryptococcosis has not yet been obtained, but there is a potential possibility; sick animals should be handled with caution.

Infection can occur when an animal actively sniffs fungal-infected soil or bird droppings. The development of the disease can be promoted in dogs by ehrlichiosis, and in cats by infection with leukemia or immunodeficiency viruses. Cryptococcosis is most severe due to infection with the feline immunodeficiency virus.

Diagnostics

Cats often have a history of nasal discharge and chronic rhinitis, and dogs have a history of neurological and ophthalmological disorders. During physical examination in cats, signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract predominate: one- or two-sided runny nose, sneezing, swelling of the bridge of the nose, enlargement of the mandibular lymph nodes. Weeping or ulcerating papules and nodules may appear on the scalp and body. In the case of critococcal meningitis there are neurological symptoms: depression, disorientation, seizures, ataxia, hind limb paresis. Signs of damage to cranial nerves and upper motor neurons may appear. Possible ophthalmological changes associated with central nervous system disease or systemic dissemination: dilated pupils, chorioretinitis, neuritis optic nerve, retinal disinsertion. Granulomas are found in the nasal cavity, lungs, lymph nodes, and kidneys.

In dogs, cryptococcosis is most often characterized by lesions of the central nervous system and eyes. Dissemination of cryptococcus to other organs is more common in dogs than in cats. Neurological symptoms include head deviation, nystagmus, circling, disorientation, paresis and paralysis of varying severity, lack of coordination, and seizures. The most common eye lesions are chorioretinitis (granulomatous) and optic neuritis. Skin lesions with ulcerations, meningoencephalitis, neuritis are not excluded peripheral nerves, as well as damage to the lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, etc.

Differential diagnosis in cats is carried out with chronic rhinitis, lymphosarcoma, toxoplasmosis, infectious peritonitis, granulomatous meningoencephalitis, intracranial neoplasms and other systemic mycoses. Skin lesions are differentiated from abscesses and other bacterial diseases.

In dogs, the neurological symptoms of cryptococcosis are differentiated from plague, intracranial neoplasms and rabies.

Hemogram and biochemical composition Blood serum levels in cryptococcosis are usually normal. Cryptococcus can be detected in the urine if it is disseminated and the kidneys are involved in the process.

A preliminary diagnosis can be made if positive result agglutination reactions with cryptococcal capsular antigen in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid or urine. Negative result reaction does not eliminate the diagnosis of cryptococcosis, especially in the case of localized disease.

On radiographs of the nasal cavity, soft tissue compaction can be detected, in advanced stage- bone lysis.

Cytological examination can detect cryptococcal cells in smears of nasal discharge, scrapings of skin ulcerations, or biopsy specimens. When microscopying, ink, methylene blue, and Gram stain are used. To establish a diagnosis, it is sufficient to detect characteristic yeast-like budding cells with large capsules.

The treatment is long-term, carried out on an outpatient basis, with high-quality feeding. The drug is given along with food.

Cats. Itraconazole and fluconazole are preferred. Itraconazole is prescribed 50 mg once a day

for cats weighing less than 3.2 kg and 100 mg for cats weighing more than 3.2 kg. An alternative regimen for taking the drug is 5 mg/kg orally 2 times a day. Treatment is continued for 1-2 months after disappearance clinical symptoms diseases. Fluconazole is prescribed 50 mg orally 2 times a day for 2-6 months.

Dogs. Ketoconazole is prescribed orally (10-30 mg/kg in 2-3 doses) for 3-6 months, but the results are usually ambiguous. The use of itraconazole and fluconazole in dogs has not yet been determined. The inability of amphotericin B and flucytosine to cross the blood-brain barrier limits the use of these antifungals in the treatment of cryptococcosis in dogs.

Follow-up

Liver enzyme activity should be monitored in animals receiving itraconazole, fluconazole, or ketoconazole.

The prognosis for cats is usually good. The prognosis is more severe in cases of disseminated disease involving the central nervous system and eyes. In cats treated with itraconazole and fluconazole, after seemingly successful treatment, relapses of the disease are possible. Dogs have a poor prognosis.

In pregnant animals, itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole should be administered only when potential benefit greater than the risk to the offspring.

Skin infection occurs through microtrauma, scratching, and diaper rash. The development of pathology is promoted by:

• young age of the animal;
• weakening of the body's defenses during pregnancy and lactation;
• decreased immunity as a result of viral infection;
• insufficient or unhealthy nutrition;
• carrying out immunosuppressive therapy;
• some chronic diseases (diabetes, hypothyroidism).

Reproducing with the help of conidia (spores), dermatophytes form mycelium (mycelium), growing over the surface of the skin and penetrating into the inner layers.

Some fungal infections may be asymptomatic and are detected only after signs are detected in the hosts. Children are most often infected.

Classification of mycoses

Mushrooms are a whole separate kingdom of living microorganisms that inhabit our planet. Hundreds of them pathogenic species capable of infecting not only animals, but also humans.

Based on the location of the fungus in the cat’s body, all types of diseases they cause are conventionally divided into two groups: superficial (affecting skin covering and mucous membranes) and systemic (affecting internal organs animal).

The fungal infections most commonly diagnosed in cats are:

This is far from full list fungal infections that can undermine a cat's health. To more rare species include eumycotic mycetoma, phaeohyphomycosis, rhinosporidiosis and others.

Manifestations of fungal infections

After the fungus has settled on the surface of the skin, it begins to carry out its harmful activities - feed useful substances host, secrete toxins and enzymes. This leads to the gradual destruction of the upper stratum corneum of the skin and the development of local inflammatory process on a surface. Without proper treatment, the pathogen penetrates into the inner layers of the epidermis and damages hair follicles and hair structure, which leads to hair loss. In place of bald spots, itchy scales and crusts form.

Signs of an animal being affected by a fungal infection:

• breaking off or loss of affected hair hairs;
• the formation of local hairless, scaly areas with clear boundaries in the head, ears, and limbs;
• restless behavior (the cat shakes its head, actively itches);
• unpleasant odor and discharge from the ear;
• brown-red coating from small dots in the ears;
• bumps and nodules on the skin;
• sneezing;
• bloody runny nose;
• polyps in the nostrils.

If fungus in cats is left untreated, the symptoms will become more severe. Introduction of the pathogen into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue provokes deep inflammation with the formation purulent abscesses. A serous or purulent ichor appears on the surface, which, when dried, forms thick, dense crusts.

Other complications of fungal infections include severe weight loss, pneumonia, anemia, and work disorders gastrointestinal tract. If the animal is weakened or very young, a massive attack by spores can lead to the death of the animal.

Diagnostics and therapy

At the first sign of a fungal infection, you should take your animal to the veterinarian. The doctor will conduct an examination, collect information about your health and possible diseases cats, prescribe diagnostics and recommend treatment.

If there are skin lesions, the animal may need to be examined using a Vwood lamp. The device allows you to identify cases of microsporia.

The most reliable method for identifying a pathogen is to scrape the skin from the affected area, followed by cultivating the fungus and determining its sensitivity to medicines. This method requires a certain time to grow flora (on average 1 to 2 weeks).

Other diagnostic methods include:

• general blood analysis;
• microscopy of wool in a 10% alkali solution for the presence of pathogen spores;
• skin biopsy;
• smears from mucous membranes;
• microscopic examination of prints of the affected areas obtained using special adhesive tape.

Symptoms and treatment are closely related. Therapy for a fungal disease depends on the type of pathogen, the degree of external and internal lesions, the general condition of the animal. Self-medication without identifying the pathogen can cause irreparable harm pet.

Treatment of fungus involves:

• use of antifungal shampoos;
• applying external antimycotics (creams, ointments, powders) to the affected areas;
• taking antihistamines for severe itching;
• use of an Elizabethan collar and blanket to prevent scratching and licking of medications;
• oral or injection administration of antifungal agents.

Your pet should be treated with antibiotics strictly according to indications, adhering to the dosage. Main reason to use antibacterial drugs– the addition of a bacterial infection.

Disease prevention

Getting rid of a fungal infection is not an easy task. Treatment of fungus in cats is a long process that requires integrated use preparations for internal and external use, continuous diagnostics. In some cases, it is necessary to completely change the animal's diet.

It is much easier to prevent the development of fungus in a cat.

For these purposes, veterinarians suggest that owners vaccinate the animal against the most common types of disease - microsporia and trichophytosis.

To avoid relapses during treatment, you should carefully treat disinfectants living space, giving Special attention toys, care items and the cat’s favorite places - beds, rugs, pillows. Bathing and handling a sick animal should be done with medical gloves.

Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease caused by fungi of the genus Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These fungi are saprophytes, round in shape and have the ability to ferment.

This disease is mainly recorded in areas with a humid climate, so it is not widespread in Russia. But new research has found that there are subtypes of this disease, which means the area at risk of infection increases.

Carriers are all types of birds, especially migratory ones, in whose excrement fungal spores are often observed. The birds themselves do not get sick. Spores are also found in soil, fruits, vegetables, trees and more.

This mycosis is quite hardy. Thus, it can persist in bird excrement for up to two years or more, and is destroyed by disinfectants only an hour after application.

Infection occurs by air when inhaled. The fungus is quite dangerous, since the disease affects many body systems, such as the nervous, respiratory, and mucous membranes of the eyes and layers of the skin. Depending on the lesion, the pathogen will be detected in different ways; accordingly, the treatment and course of the disease are also different.

The likelihood of the disease is higher in cats than in dogs, what causes this is unknown. Animals suffering from ehrlichiosis, leukemia and immunodeficiency virus are susceptible. There are breeds in the world that have a predisposition: Labrador, Doberman Pinscher, Great Dane.

Cryptococcosis in cats (and dogs): First, the pathogen enters the airways, but this does not mean that they will be infected. After infection, the mycosis itself chooses where the outbreak of the disease will occur.

If the nose and respiratory tract are affected, the following are noted: runny nose, nasal discharge, sneezing, thickening of the bridge of the nose, cough, shortness of breath, ulcers appear on the mucous membrane, frontal sinuses filled with mucus, lymph nodes thicken and enlarge lower jaw, tumors are possible.

When the central nervous system is damaged, the following is detected: depression, a depressed state, the animal does not orient itself in space, seizures appear, the animal loses the ability to move normally, and brain neurons are affected.

In ophthalmological terms, there is a disruption in the functioning of the pupils, due to which they are always in a dilated state, layer-by-layer inflammation of the eye and innervating nerves occurs, and leakage and blindness are also observed.

At skin lesion detect hair loss in the area of ​​papules, nodules and ulcers.

Symptoms and treatment of cryptococcosis in dogs

In dogs, cryptococcosis usually manifests as lesions in the eyes and brain. The symptoms are exactly the same as in cats, only with the presence of fever.

During the disease, a gradual infection of the entire body occurs, so tumors, ulcers and neuritis of all other cavities and organs are often observed. This mycosis is detected laboratory research:

- Agglutination reaction. Urine is used for it, cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The result will be negative if the disease is localized.

— Microbiological and cytological examination. They use discharge from the nose and eyes, where spores may be located, and also scrapings from ulcerated surfaces. Gram stain or ink is used for detection. It is also detected by x-ray, where tissue compaction or lysis is detected. Most often, mycosis is detected in the middle or late stages of the disease.

It is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis:

- in cats - rhinitis, toxoplasmosis, infectious peritonitis, various neoplasms, tuberculosis, blastomosis, leukemia.

- in dogs - from plague, rabies, various neoplasms in the cranial cavity.

Cryptococcosis in cats (dogs): treatment

Treatment is difficult, long and expensive. If cryptococcosis is detected in late stage, then the prognosis is unfavorable. For the treatment of cats and dogs use:

— Intraconazole – antifungal agent, is highly toxic. Prescribed to kittens and puppies at a dose of 5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, and for adults – 10 mg per 1 kg. The drug is used for 1-2 months until clinical signs disappear.

Cryptococcosis(Cryptococcosis - lat., Cryptococcosis - English) - visceral mycosis of animals and humans, caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.

Prevalence of cryptococcosis. The disease has been identified in the USA (most cases are registered in the northeastern states), in South America, India, Japan, in Africa and Europe (J. Wildfiihr, 1978).

Economic damage significant, it is determined not only by the loss of dairy products, but also by the premature culling of cows.

Pathogen in morphology it is represented by yeast-like round, thick-walled cells 5-15 microns in diameter, surrounded by a wide mucous capsule; solitary or budding. The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans grows well at 18-37 °C on nutrient media used in mycology: Sabouraud agar, wort agar, blood agar, etc. At the same time, shiny mucous reddish-brown, cream, white (their color depends on the strain and nutrient medium) of the colony. The fungus is widespread in external environment, it can be isolated in pure culture from soil, from the surface of the skin of animals and people, from insects, from samples of milk and butter.

Epizootological data. Cattle, dogs, horses, cats, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, and mice are susceptible to cryptococcosis. Many cases of the disease have been identified in humans. The main route of infection is respiratory. This is confirmed by primary lung damage in both humans and animals. It is possible that the pathogen may enter through digestive tract, damaged skin or mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. The disease manifests itself in the form of enzootic outbreaks.

Clinical signs characterized by lung damage involving pathological process spleen, intestines, liver, central nervous system, lymph nodes and other organs. At the large cattle There are frequent cases of mastitis of cryptococcal origin. Sick animals have decreased appetite, they are depressed, and have intermittent fever. In case of generalization of infection, severe emaciation of animals is noted, the prognosis is unfavorable. When the central nervous system is damaged (dogs, cats), the main symptom is loss of coordination of movements.

As the disease progresses, blindness may occur. Many animals experience symptoms of pneumonia, nasal discharge, shortness of breath, and purulent conjunctivitis.

Pathological changes. At autopsy, they are most noticeable in the mammary gland (in cattle), reminiscent purulent mastitis, encephalitis, granulomatous lesions of areas of the brain are also recorded, purulent inflammation lymph nodes, purulent exudate in the trachea and bronchi.

Diagnosis. For research, samples of pathological material are taken from granulomatous lesions in meninges, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, other parts of the brain, in the nasal cavity, mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, as well as in the lungs, udder (with mastitis in cattle). Milk, nasal discharge, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, blood are centrifuged, and smears are prepared from the sediment; pus, necrotic tissue rub and also make smears. The preparations are stained according to Gram, Romanovsky - Giemsa, etc. In the field of view of the microscope, yeast-like, budding, round cells with a characteristic large mucoid capsule are found. The fungus can be found even in unstained preparations.
Pathological material is inoculated onto Sabouraud, Christensen, blood, potato, and serum agars and cultivated at 37 °C. The appearance of white, moist colonies with a fold in the center and radial grooves, consisting of yeast cells with a capsule, indicates the presence of a fungus.

When performing a bioassay of mice, guinea pigs, rabbits are infected intravenously or intraperitoneally with a suspension from cultures of the fungus or pathological material (previously centrifuged, followed by diluting the sediment with 1 ml of physiological solution). In mice, the suspension can be injected into the nasal passages. Clinical signs of cryptococcosis appear 10-15 days after infection.
At autopsy, characteristic granulomatous foci are found in the internal organs.

Facilities specific prevention not developed.