home Analyzes Acute psychosis - symptoms, treatment. Classification of acute psychoses. Main symptoms and treatment

Acute psychosis - symptoms, treatment. Classification of acute psychoses. Main symptoms and treatment

The human body is not a perfect machine. Sometimes it experiences various malfunctions that affect the most different organs and systems. In this article I would like to consider such a problem as psychosis, symptoms and signs of this disease.

What it is?

Initially, you need to figure out what this disease is. So psychosis is special condition human psyche, when there is an inadequate perception of the surrounding reality, reality. Everything that happens around is perceived in a distorted form. As a result of this, the patient experiences disorganization of behavior, which is expressed in perception disorders, changes in thinking, memory loss often occurs, or various types of hallucinations appear.

A few words about symptoms in general

What are the symptoms of psychosis? Thus, it is very difficult to clearly identify them, especially at the early stages of the onset of the disease. It should be noted that certain signs of psychosis are very similar to various genetic disorders (diseases) and syndromes. However, the order in which signs of the disease appear is most often as follows:

Initially, a change in behavior is observed in a person; behavioral reactions that are atypical for a given individual appear.
Next comes a change in consciousness and perception of reality.
Becoming shaky emotional background. Emotions are not expressed in accordance with the need at a certain moment.

Symptom 1. Psychotic thinking

We need to start considering the symptoms of psychosis with the special thinking of people with this disease. In medicine, this is called psychotic thinking. Those. With this disease, a person develops various kinds of erroneous opinions and statements that apply to everything that surrounds him. Thus, there is not a selective transformation of reality, but a complete one, encompassing all areas and spheres of the patient’s life. It is also important to note that people suffering from psychosis always try to convince others that they are right, to prove that their sense of reality is correct and not distorted. Naturally, this is contradicted by multiple facts. So, there are 6 most common types of delirium:

Depressive delirium. In this case, the patient is sure that he has committed a bad act or sinned.
Somatic delirium. At the same time, a person has the feeling that his body is slowly decomposing and emits a very unpleasant odor.
Delusions of grandeur. Here a person considers himself a very important person.
Delirium of influence. In this case, patients are sure that they influence other people or certain forces.
Delirium of persecution. Here a person is sure that someone is chasing him, trying to catch up and offend him.
Nonsense of relationships. In this case, the patient attaches great importance to certain unrelated things. For example, it may seem to him that a certain television program is a message to him personally.

Symptom 2. Hallucinations

What other symptoms of psychosis are there? So, we need to talk separately about the patient’s hallucinations. Here we're talking about about the specific sensations that a person experiences due to the fact that he can hear, see or smell something that is not actually there. Scientists say the most common is auditory hallucination. Those. the patient hears a voice that orders him to act in a certain way, most often to harm himself or others. Changes in sensitivity are much less common. Those. the patient may stop feeling pain, or, on the contrary, begins to be afraid of the sun and touch (since his sensations from this are significantly enhanced).

Symptom 3. Emotional disturbances

Let's consider further various symptoms psychosis. It is also necessary to say that the patient will have various emotional disorders. Most often they range from too high a mood to a depressed state. However, it is important to note that the patient may have completely different emotional manifestations:

Over-emotional.
Apathy.
Depression.
The mood can remain extremely even, within the boundaries of normality.

However, it should be noted that often, even if a person has a so-called stone face, a whole hurricane of emotions can rage inside him. But external manifestations this condition will not be noticeable.

Symptom 4. Communication impairment

Let us further consider the problem of psychosis. Symptoms that often occur with this condition relate to patient communication. The first and most the main problem refers to verbal impairments. Those. Often the patient simply cannot explain that he needs something. The patient's speech becomes chaotic and distorted. A person may jump from one sentence to another, expressing his thoughts insufficiently or completely incomprehensibly. Also very often non-verbal communication comes into play, which is done using gestures.

Symptom 5. Memory problems

Very often, patients with this diagnosis experience various memory problems. Most often this is its loss, complete or partial. Thus, certain facts or certain periods may simply disappear from the patient’s life. Sometimes it happens that memory is completely lost, and a person finds himself captive of his fictional world.

Symptom 6. Final

The last and so-called final symptom is complete collapse personality. This condition preceded by memory loss, transformation of the perception of reality and other problems described above. It is also important to note that the connection between the patient’s thoughts, actions and emotions is lost. As a result, a person becomes unable to work, socially inactive, and sometimes it is even impossible to take care of himself at home. If this condition lasts for a couple of weeks (or longer), we can say for sure that the person is suffering from a problem such as psychosis.

It is also important to note that the symptoms of this condition may vary depending on the type of psychosis. The most basic types of nebug will be discussed below.

Depressive psychosis

It is worth noting that in this case, depression develops very slowly in the patient. At first, it is invisible either to the patient or to his environment. Further, the symptoms increase. It is important to note that the duration of this type of psychosis ranges from a couple of months to a year. If the patient has depressive psychosis, the symptoms will be as follows:

Deterioration of mood. At the same time, the patient will be constantly focused on himself, his shortcomings, shortcomings and shortcomings. The person will concentrate on negative side of your personality. The patient's intelligence is most often preserved, but the patient experiences melancholy, depression, and sadness. If a person wants to cry, but cannot (there are no tears), this is good sign. This means that the healing process is beginning.
Lethargy. All metabolic and mental reactions in the brain with this problem proceed very slowly. At the same time, reaction and thinking deteriorate significantly, and memory suffers. It is important to note that physical inhibition also occurs. Appetite decreases, the patient gradually loses weight. Movements become slow, gait becomes uncertain, and the patient’s shoulders most often droop. If the psychosis is severe, the patient may also become stuporous.

Manic psychosis

If the patient has manic psychosis, the symptoms in this case will be as follows:

Elevated mood, excitement. Frequent bursts of optimism good mood holds on all the time, despite various problems and troubles. Sometimes, after an elevated mood, anger and rage arise.
The patient's speech and thinking are accelerated, all mental processes proceed very quickly. It is important to note that many great people (Bulgakov, Kafka) created their masterpieces precisely during periods of manic psychosis.
Increased physical activity. At this time, a person discovers previously unknown reserves of the body. A person must always be in motion, he is filled with energy.

Manic-depressive psychosis

What is manic-depressive psychosis? The symptoms of this condition combine the two points described above. Those. it should be noted that this bipolar disorder when the patient experiences alternating symptoms of depressive and manic psychoses.

How exactly does manic-depressive psychosis occur? The symptoms of this disease alternate. Those. first a person becomes depressed, then what happens is lucid interval(asymptomatic), then signs of manic psychosis appear. It happens that manic psychosis “slips” between depressive states. Variations of the alternation of states may be different.

Psychosis acute

Separately, you also need to understand what acute psychosis is. Symptoms of this condition appear suddenly and very clearly. At the same time, the problem itself is developing quickly. The signs may be different (all of them are described above), but before the problem becomes severe, the following warning signs appear:

Loss of appetite.
Sleep disturbance.
Irritability.
Increased attention to one's own person.
Lack of interest, indifference.
Fears.
Absent-mindedness, inattention, neglect.

Senile psychosis

We are talking about the same thing if we are considering senile or senile psychosis. Symptoms most often relate to memory and confusion. Thus, all indicators often occur after 60 years of age, and the deterioration of this problem is somewhat reminiscent of manic-depressive psychosis. It's important to note that this problem differs from senile dementia, because there is no loss of intelligence. The reason for the development of this condition in old people is mainly somatic diseases. So, let's take a closer look at senile psychosis, the symptoms of which may be as follows:

Depressive state.
Frequent mood changes.
Increased attention to your person.
Slowness of speech, reaction, and thinking.
Inadequate perception of reality.

Ways to get rid of the problem

What else needs to be said when considering a problem such as psychosis? Treatment, symptoms - that's what you need to focus on. And if everything is clear with the signs of the disease, then it’s time to discover ways to get rid of psychosis.

Part used to combat psychosis psychological methods. In this case, specialists work with the patient. This can be group therapy, psychoeducation (the psychotherapist tells the patient and family about the problem itself and the ways of recovery), psychoanalysis, cognitive therapy, addiction therapy, occupational and art therapy.

Treatment with medications is also very important. However, it is worth remembering that the dose of the drug should never be exceeded. So, these could be the following medications:

Neuroleptics. Medicines "Fluanxol", "Zeldox".
Benzodiazepines. Most often these are drugs such as Zopiclone and Oxazepam.
Normotimics, i.e. mood normalizers. These are medications such as “Contemnol” or “Aktinevral”.
Anticholinergics. These are medications such as “Parcopan”, “Cyclodol”.

It should be clarified that most of these drugs cannot be freely purchased at the pharmacy. They are released exclusively with a doctor's prescription.

By the term “psychosis,” experts understand a group of diseases in which a person loses an objective perception of the world and a critical assessment of events, hallucinations, delusional states, etc. occur.

One of the forms of such a disease is acute psychosis. Although a person has symptoms of a distorted perception of reality, it can be very difficult to diagnose the disease and convince the patient that treatment is necessary.

People suffering from this disease often go into self-isolation, rejecting the help and advice of others. However, it is early diagnosis And timely treatment can give the most favorable prognosis, because as the disease develops, the adequacy of the sick person constantly decreases, and irreversible consequences for the psyche arise.

Causes of development and types of acute psychosis

Statistically, women are more likely to develop various forms of psychosis than men. Based on the causes of the disease, acute psychosis can be of the following types:

Endogenous psychosis. The causes of the disease in this case lie in the human body itself: endocrine or neurological disorders, genetic predisposition, schizophrenia. This group also includes - in this case, the cause of the disease is age-related changes in the human body after 60 years (hypertension, atherosclerosis).
Exogenous psychosis. Its cause is external factors - severe stress, infectious diseases(flu, tuberculosis, syphilis, and others), narcotic substances. Alcohol ranks first among external causes - alcohol abuse can undermine even the most stable psyche.
Organic psychosis. In this case, the disease leads to organic disorders brain, due to traumatic brain injury or tumors.

Sometimes it can be quite difficult to determine the initial cause of the development of the disease: the impetus could have been an external (exogenous) factor, which later led to the emergence of an internal (endogenous) cause.

In addition, there are many forms of acute psychosis; each form can be identified by specific symptoms of the disease. Below are just some of the most common forms of the disease:

Acute (or bipolar disorder). Considered one of the most severe forms a disease in which the patient alternates between periods of severe depression (depressive phase) with periods of excessive excitability, when the patient does not sleep for days and does something tirelessly (manic phase).
Acute manic psychosis. The patient is in a state of chronic overexcitation.
Spicy . It occurs as a reaction of the human body to super-stress that threatens its life and health (earthquake, fire, etc.). This form of acute psychosis has the most favorable prognosis, and is most often eliminated with the disappearance of the traumatic situation itself.
Acute polymorphic psychosis. Its symptoms usually appear in adolescence(about 10-15 years), and can serve.

Once again, it must be emphasized that only some forms of acute psychosis are listed here. Their detailed classification is the domain of psychiatrists. Medical diagnosis and timely treatment are necessary for any form of psychosis. If we talk about acute psychosis - any acute condition It’s always easier to eliminate than a chronic one. In the absence of timely measures, the psyche receives irreversible consequences: a distorted perception of the world turns into chronic form, and becomes, in fact, part of a person’s personality.

Signs of the disease and treatment methods

To make it easier to determine the development of the disease in time, it is important to know how exactly, progressively, signs of acute psychosis arise and form. At a very early stage, the following symptoms of the disease occur:

a person’s character changes: he becomes more irritable, nervous, his sleep is disturbed and his appetite decreases, he loses interest in life;
performance decreases: it is difficult for a person to concentrate, he is distracted by everything, he gets tired quickly, and reacts sharply even to minor stress;
mood swings occur, depression and fears appear;
the attitude towards others changes: problems arise in communication, distrust, a desire for self-isolation;
the perception of the world changes: color and sound are perceived as too harsh or distorted, there is a feeling that someone is watching, watching the person.

Unfortunately, it is very rare that the patient or his relatives seek help at this stage of the disease, attributing everything to stress, fatigue and other unfavorable factors. When treatment is not started in a timely manner, the symptoms of the disease gradually worsen. And after some time, the disease already manifests itself with obvious, pronounced signs:

Hallucinations (various visions, sounds or sensations that are perceived by the patient as reality). Pseudohallucinations – involuntary fantasies – may also occur.
Depersonalization: a person ceases to be adequately aware of himself, loses his sense of his own personality.
Derealization: the patient “goes” into his fictional world, breaking away from the real, and lives inside his world of illusions.
Delirium: incoherent speech whose logic and meaning are significantly distorted.

Symptoms of acute psychosis do not appear or disappear instantly; they can accompany the patient for several weeks or even months. The sooner the patient or his relatives seek medical assistance and the person receives treatment, the more positive the prognosis will be. Quality treatment, received on early stage disease, helps prevent the development chronic disorder psyche.

Most often, when treating acute psychosis, hospitalization of the patient is necessary. This is due to the fact that, being in a state of distorted perception of the world, the patient can unknowingly cause harm to himself or others. The need for hospitalization is determined by the doctor based on the patient’s condition, the severity of the disease, and its symptoms. It is important for family members of the patient to understand that a person whose psyche is significantly impaired cannot fully bear responsibility for his actions and decisions, therefore, sometimes forced hospitalization is necessary, with the consent of the patient’s relatives and friends.

Treatment of acute psychosis is carried out using the following methods:

Drug treatment. Usually prescribed psychotropic substances(usually antipsychotics). Antidepressants and tranquilizers are also used. If acute psychosis is caused by intoxication, therapy to cleanse the body and general restorative measures are also used. Drugs are prescribed only by a doctor, based on the individual picture of the disease.
Psychotherapeutic treatment. At first, psychological help is aimed at creating an atmosphere of trust in order to convince the patient of the need for treatment, that it will not bring him harm (after all, the patient himself may resist treatment, suspects others of wanting to cause him harm, etc.). In the future, the specialist teaches the patient to react differently to the world, develop new forms of behavior. This helps the subsequent successful socialization of a person.
Electroconvulsive therapy. Used when certain types acute psychosis. With this method, direct influence is carried out electric current to the subcortical centers of the brain, and as a result - change metabolic processes nervous system person.
Physiotherapy. These include acupuncture, reflexology, electrosleep, and physical therapy. Also applies Spa treatment, occupational therapy. This treatment helps relieve excessive psycho-emotional stress, improves stress resistance and performance.

For quality therapy, a set of measures is necessary. The doctor selects this complex individually for each patient.

Timely treatment greatly increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

Acute psychosis is a severe disorder mental activity, which manifests itself in a distorted perception of real events and oneself, while the person loses control over his behavior.

Etiology

There are several etiological factors for the occurrence of this disease, but genetic predisposition plays a leading role here.

Acute psychosis can occur as a result of exposure to internal and external factors. Exogenous causes include various infectious diseases (meningitis, malaria, etc.), as well as alcohol, drugs, poisons industrial production, stress. If the cause of a disturbance in the state of mind is located within a person, then endogenous psychosis develops. It may arise as a result chronic diseases nervous and endocrine systems, age-related changes brain (atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease), schizophrenia, depression. At congenital pathology brain, organic psychoses arise that clinically manifest themselves from the very early childhood. In addition, the clinical picture of acute psychosis can be caused by trauma or malignant neoplasm brain.

The division into psychoses of an endogenous and exogenous nature is very arbitrary, because a mental disorder can initially be provoked by external causes (for example, alcohol), and continue or intensify due to internal ones (for example, depression).

Acute psychosis develops suddenly and very quickly, when exposed to any provoking factor, most often this is a reaction to the death of a loved one.

Women are more predisposed to developing this condition than men, possibly due to hormonal fluctuations.

Classification

Acute psychosis is classified according to two factors:

Symptoms

Signs of mental disorder and impairment may vary depending on individual characteristics organism and the reasons that caused them.

Acute psychosis is characterized by symptoms of auditory and visual hallucinations.

The most common mental disorder is auditory hallucinatory syndrome. Unfamiliar voices appear in the patient’s head in the form of a dialogue or monologue; as a rule, they are of an ordering or commentary nature. In connection with the development of this syndrome, there are attempts at suicide or causing wounds and damage to one’s own body. It is often observed aggressive behavior, which is aimed at surrounding people and close relatives.

Auditory hallucinations in acute psychosis manifest themselves in the fact that a person begins to talk to himself out loud, sometimes laughing for no reason. Hallucinatory syndrome occurs against the background of preserved consciousness.

A person’s perception of himself is disrupted, his attitude towards people around him and reality changes. He himself does not realize what is happening to him, becomes inadequate, does not orient himself in place and space.

Patients become very cautious in conversations and actions, begin to be afraid of everything, fear for their lives and for the fate of their loved ones. In this state, loss of appetite occurs and insomnia occurs.

Delusion manifests itself in the form of secrecy and hostility, and behavior changes. Sometimes direct statements of dubious nature and content may be used (delusions of grandeur, “unredeemable” guilt). There is no logic in his delusional judgments; cause-and-effect relationships cannot be found in his stories.

It happens that a patient with signs hallucinatory syndrome can contact the police and tell them that he is under surveillance, cellular telephone bugged in in social networks unknown people send threatening messages. He is sure that specially sent people are trying to get to know him or talk to him on the street, but the patient cannot explain the reasons for the surveillance.

In acute psychosis, color or sound perception is impaired (increased or distorted). The addition of symptoms of olfactory hallucinatory syndrome is often observed. The man is being chased everywhere unpleasant odors, which can come from his own body, clothes, surrounding people and objects.

Mental disorders after childbirth

This condition Occurs 2-4 weeks after birth. The main causes of postpartum psychosis are diseases of the woman during pregnancy and painful shock.
. Predisposing factors are often genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, the presence mental illness history, changes in sleep patterns, drug use. Most often, postpartum psychosis occurs after the first birth. Multiparous women usually behave more calmly during pregnancy and childbirth; they have already encountered this situation and know what to expect.

In the maternity hospital, doctors are usually concerned physical condition women after childbirth and the state of health of the newborn, the first signs of mental disorders in the postpartum department are rarely paid attention to.

The woman becomes tearful, irritable, excited, has no appetite, and insomnia occurs. During the development of psychosis, consciousness is confused, she inadequately assesses her physical and mental condition, sometimes does not understand where he is. Some women in labor may rush around the corridor, haunted by visual and auditory hallucinations.

The emotional state during postpartum psychosis may differ: some women become completely indifferent to their child and do not care about him, while others, on the contrary, begin to nurse all the children in the ward. Young mothers with postpartum psychosis may experience a state of euphoria, be very talkative, sociable, and make grandiose plans. Other women in labor withdraw into themselves, do not communicate with relatives, are depressed, silent and suspicious, and can lie in bed all day, turning to the wall.

Signs must be distinguished postpartum depression and a state of acute psychosis. IN depressed state Women do not have delusions or hallucinations.

The condition of postpartum psychosis is very dangerous because it can lead to consequences such as suicide attempts or death of the child. Women in labor at the first signs mental disorders should be separated from the newborn and urgently hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital for further treatment.

Breastfeeding if symptoms of postpartum psychosis are present is prohibited.

" Delirium tremens"

Alcoholic psychosis (alcoholic delirium) usually develops in patients who have been drinking alcohol for more than 5 years. It occurs against the background of a sharp cessation of alcohol consumption or is a consequence of a hangover.

Provoking factors may be injuries (for example, fractures) or exacerbation somatic diseases. Alcoholic delirium is accompanied by symptoms of psychomotor agitation, trembling of the distal parts of the limbs and head, and autonomic disorders ( excessive sweating, tachycardia). The body temperature is usually subfebrile, and flushing of the face and neck attracts attention. In this state, the patient is fussy, active during the day, has a decreased appetite and insomnia. After a few hours, visual hallucinations may occur, usually in the form of mice, rats, devils, and dead relatives seemingly everywhere. Some alcoholics may experience olfactory hallucinations.

Acute alcoholic psychosis is characterized by abrupt change mood, from symptoms of psychomotor agitation to a state of increased anxiety and despair. Sometimes hallucinations become more complex nature when the patient himself becomes a participant in the fight against aliens or devils. In some cases, he sees and touches non-existent objects of a threatening nature.

With the development of alcoholic hallucinatory syndrome, the patient becomes dangerous to himself and others; he can run after “devils” with an ax around the apartment, or scatter poisons for rats and mice on the floor.

For alcoholic psychosis characteristic feature is an increase in symptoms of delusions and hallucinations in the afternoon. Actually, the signs of hallucinosis first appear in the evening or at night.

Usually the patient is lost in time, alcoholic hallucinations are perceived by him as events that occur 1-2 weeks earlier than reality. However, in this state the sense of one’s own “I” is never lost. A person always understands and is aware that all events happen to him.

Alcoholic delirium lasts on average 3-5 days, after which a state of asthenia sets in.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made on the basis of anamnesis, an objective examination of the patient and characteristics clinical picture, and characteristic feature development mental disorder.

Therapy

The state of acute psychosis requires immediate hospitalization and treatment in a neuropsychiatric hospital. In this case, a strict bed rest, sometimes with fixation in bed.

Typically, a person with acute psychosis actively resists treatment and does not understand why he needs medical help.

In a hospital, nursing staff must carefully monitor the patient’s condition and immediately report the slightest changes to the doctor.

In acute psychosis, before starting treatment, it is necessary to find out the presence of chronic intoxications, drug or alcohol use.

Acute psychosis, regardless of the cause that caused it, has one treatment principle: infusion, detoxification, symptomatic, restorative therapy and vitamins are prescribed. At reactive depression Antidepressants are prescribed.

During treatment, doses of psychotropic drugs are calculated strictly individually, taking into account concomitant pathology. At alcoholic psychosis tranquilizers and antipsychotics are prescribed with caution, since with this disease the pharmacokinetics of the drugs is disrupted, and there may be sudden stop hearts or sharp drop blood pressure.

Acute psychosis is associated with a special mental state of a person in which he is not able to adequately perceive the surrounding reality. The patient's thinking is impaired, memory problems are possible, and hallucinations appear.

A person is not able to assess his condition and realize that he is sick. He does not consider it necessary to go to the hospital. Meanwhile, the disease progresses, the patient’s consciousness deteriorates more and more, and every day it becomes more and more difficult for him to adapt to the world around him.

The sick person begins to self-isolate and separate from people. He rejects the help offered by others and does not want to hear about visiting a doctor.

And if treatment is started earlier, it can be avoided various problems in the near future, including irreversible pathological processes in the psyche.

What are the causes of the disease and its types

Various forms of psychosis most often affect women. The reasons for the development of its acute form are of three types: endogenous, exogenous, organic.

It develops due to some disturbances in the body itself. These may be diseases of the endocrine system, neurological ailments, hereditary factors, schizophrenic disorders. This group also includes, since it occurs as a result of age-related changes in the body - usually after 60 years due to existing diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.).

The causes of exogenous psychosis lie in external factors. First of all, these are experienced by a person severe stress. Can also cause psychosis infectious diseases- tuberculosis, influenza and others.

In addition, exogenous psychosis can be caused by drug use. But the most main reason, according to doctors, it is alcohol. It is its abuse that weakens even the most stable nervous system. Lead to organic psychosis various lesions brain cells caused by injury or tumors.

In some cases, the root cause of psychosis is difficult to identify, since it can begin due to an external factor, and gradually an internal one arises.

Acute psychosis can take many forms, the most common of which are the following:

Manic-depressive. This is a fairly severe form. With it, depressive periods are replaced by excessive excitability. During the depressive phase, the patient is indifferent to everything, but as soon as the manic period sets in, he does not sleep for several days, constantly doing something.
Manic. This condition is characterized by constant agitation of the patient.
Reactive. Usually develops against the background of some stressful situations in the life of the sick person (for example, a fire or earthquake). This psychosis has the most favorable outcome. It usually goes away as soon as the cause of its occurrence is eliminated.
Polymorphic. This form is usually characteristic of teenagers 10-15 years old. This is believed to be the onset of schizophrenia.

All forms of psychosis are known only to psychiatrists. They are the ones who diagnose the disease, identify its form, prescribe treatment, and if it is not started in a timely manner, the psyche changes irreversibly, the disease enters the chronic stage, and the person’s personality is distorted beyond recognition.

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What are the symptoms of this disease

On initial stage illness, some signs of psychosis are in many ways similar to those that occur with genetic disorders. But usually psychosis begins like this:

others notice that the person’s behavior has changed;
the patient ceases to perceive reality properly;
emotions do not manifest themselves in the way that a certain moment requires.

A little later symptoms appear more and more acutely. Doctors call the special thinking of a sick person psychotic. The patient has his own opinion on everything that surrounds him, which differs from the generally accepted one. At the same time, he tries to assure everyone that he is right. All this takes the form of delirium, which doctors divide into the following types:

depressive - with it the patient is sure that he has done something bad, committed a sin;
somatic - the patient feels that his body goes the stench and it decays;
delusions of grandeur - a person is sincerely confident that he is a VIP person;
mania of persecution - the patient believes that he is being persecuted with the aim of causing offense;
relationships - the sick person is sure that some things concern him personally, for example, a television program is a kind of message to him personally from some world.

Symptoms of acute psychosis are also expressed in hallucinations. A person hears or sees something that is not really there. The same applies to smells. Auditory hallucinations are more typical for psychosis.

The patient sincerely believes that he hears a certain voice that gives him an order to perform some action.

IN in rare cases hallucinations may be related to sensations. For example, the patient begins to feel pain that has nowhere to actually come from.

The next sign of the disease is disturbances emotional state. Emotions can change very quickly: from depressive thoughts to extremely high spirits.

The patient has problems with communication. Sometimes he cannot explain to others what he needs. The patient speaks chaotically, sentences remain unfinished, and the patient is unable to express thoughts. He begins to help himself by using gestures.

The last symptom is called the final symptom. This is a state where the personality completely disintegrates. There is no connection between the patient's thoughts, emotions and actions. A person cannot work, it is difficult for him to live in society, he cannot take care of himself. If all this lasts more than 3 weeks, then it can be said that the person is suffering from psychosis.

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How to treat the disease

Many initial signs diseases appear long before diagnosis. They are difficult to recognize at that moment. But some changes in character, excessive nervousness, excessive anxiety, bad dream and appetite, a strange appearance can alert loved ones.

A thorough examination to make a diagnosis is carried out by a doctor. To do this, he uses high-tech techniques.

When close people of a sick person ask a doctor whether acute psychosis can be cured, the doctor will answer that it is possible, but this is done in a hospital. Provide at home qualified assistance it is forbidden.

The only exception is the attack of which will go away on its own once the cause of its development is eliminated. In other cases, hospitalization is necessary. The patient cannot control his own actions, and is capable of causing harm to himself or others.

Before treating acute psychosis, a specialist must identify the severity of psychosis, the patient’s personality characteristics, and the state of physical health.

The patient is prescribed medications psychotropic type. These can be neuroleptics and tranquilizers. General strengthening drugs and, if indicated, antidepressants are prescribed.

The modern pharmaceutical industry produces drugs that can treat a patient from a very specific type of psychosis, that is, they act strictly selectively. The doctor approaches all patients individually. The patient’s existing diseases, his age and many other factors are taken into account.