Over the next year, more than fifty million people will undergo surgery in the United States alone. And most of these people, both children and adults, with rare exceptions, will suffer from anxiety and worry immediately before surgery. However, many people do not think about more serious psychological problems which may be caused by preoperative anxiety. After all, this is a side effect that few people talk about, but which can play a decisive role in the success or failure of the operation. High levels of anxiety before surgery not only lead to difficulties on the day of surgery, but also have a very serious impact on the patient's recovery. Statistics show that forty percent of adults who go through surgical intervention suffer from high levels of anxiety and negative effects associated with it, both during and after surgery.

There is no doubt that medicine has made incredible leaps in last decades, however, high levels of anxiety remain a very serious factor, in fact, their importance and danger have only increased over time. There are many reasons for this trend. One of the main reasons is that modern healthcare is not at its high level, as a result of which many programs for psychological preparation of people for operations in hospitals were eliminated. Also today there is a trend towards consolidation of hospitals. The result is larger facilities that are much less focused on the emotional well-being of patients. In addition, traditional social structures such as family and friends are increasingly becoming less reliable sources of support, despite the fact that a huge amount of research shows that they can provide an incomparable advantage to the patient.

So how can you mentally prepare for surgery?

Learn about the procedure

Learn as much as you can about the procedure using reliable medical sources rather than random blogs on the Internet. Many hospitals even offer YouTube videos for those people who will soon be exposed to one or another standard operation, such as hip or knee surgery.

Prepare a list of questions

Prepare a list of questions and go through it with your supplier medical services. Research shows that than more information you receive before surgery, the less anxiety you will experience during the process.

Chat with experts

Talk to your surgeon and anesthesiologist about the availability of specific medical supplies before surgery. It is not always necessary to take a sedative or pain reliever, but it is always good to know about the availability of certain drugs.

Find out more about anesthesia

When you speak with your anesthesiologist, make sure you understand all of your options for managing pain after surgery, as planning is key to a successful recovery.

Use anxiety management techniques

Use guided imagination. On the Internet you will find a large number of sources that provided you with detailed instructions about using guided imagery and a variety of breathing techniques to help you combat anxiety. Practicing these techniques before surgery can be incredibly helpful.

Listen to music

Music is an incredible tool that has proven its effectiveness more than once. Instead of just worrying in the waiting room, you should listen to your favorite music.

Consider Less Common Techniques

Other techniques such as aromatherapy, sensory therapy, and therapy using clowns or pets are also often used. However, it is worth noting that to date there is no consistent, reliable scientific evidence to recommend these therapies on a routine basis.

Ask family and friends for support

And finally, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of systems social support, which surround the operation. Friends and family are very important during this period.

HEAD AND NECK SURGERY

Let's start with what is especially close to me. If the surgical field is in the head and neck area, then perform sanitation two weeks before surgery oral cavity to remove a possible source of infection. Remember that the mouth is its breeding ground. Fill carious cavities, remove what needs to be removed, clean tartar from teeth, treat bleeding gums, etc. Those who have been taking Enap or similar drugs for a long time should be especially careful, as they cause overgrowth of the gum mucosa. Accordingly, secret shelters are created for oral microflora. If it is not possible to go to the dentist, then at least carry out a course of systematic mouth rinses at home. Prepare two solutions: the first - from salt (1 tsp per glass of water) and soda (1/2 tsp per glass of water); the second - from tanning and anti-inflammatory herbs (oak bark, sage, chamomile - take equal parts per glass of water). Rinse your mouth with each solution 4 times a day, alternating them.

The infection can lurk not only in the teeth, but also in the throat. More precisely, she is “sitting” there for sure. Take fresh leaf aloe (2 cm), squeeze it into a glass of water and gargle 3-4 times a day. Repeat the procedure daily for 7 days before surgery.

Both of these procedures are also important if the operation is carried out under general anesthesia or anesthesia.

LET'S TALK ABOUT ANESTHESIA AND NARCOSIS

Let's clarify the terms. The term "anesthesia" - the Greek - "insensibility" is translated as loss of sensation. It can be local and general. Local anesthesia is achieved by introducing substances (novocaine, lidocaine) that block the functioning of nerve endings. Everyone who had teeth removed experienced it. A more complex version of local anesthesia is subdural anesthesia. In this case, the anesthetic is injected under the hard meninges spinal cord. This is disabling dorsal roots spinal cord. As a result, organs located below the injection site stop sending nerve impulses to the central nervous system(CNS) to the center of pain. With this anesthesia, the patient does not feel pain and is in contact with the surgeon.

The term anesthesia is Greek - numbness, numbness is translated as general anesthesia. In this case, the person receives substances that turn off his central nervous system and falls into a pharmacological deep dream, accompanied by loss of consciousness, analgesia (pain relief), relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of reflex activity. It is no longer possible to communicate with such a patient. Anesthesia can be inhalational (the patient inhales a substance - nitrous oxide, fluorothane, halothane, ethyl ether, etc.) and non-inhalational (drug intravenously). With shallow anesthesia, the administration of drugs that cause immobilization is required, which paralyze the respiratory muscles, and such patients require artificial ventilation. The entrance to the lungs is through the mouth and oropharynx. Therefore, putting them in order is a strict necessity.

Substances used for anesthesia are destroyed and neutralized by the liver. At the same time, the paths of their neutralization intersect with the metabolic paths of alcohol, which itself was once used for these purposes (remember L. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”, the scene of the amputation of Anatoly Kuragin’s leg). Anesthesiologists know that drunk people go into anesthesia slowly, difficultly and violently. Therefore, refrain from the desire to go out for the last time.

LET'S HELP THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS

In addition, during the pre- and postoperative period, you will have to process a large number of different medications, and your liver will do this. So try to put it in order. A month before surgery, take a preventive course by taking the drug “Karsil” or “Essential-ale”. The artichoke preparation “Hofitol” is very good. You can prepare a collection of medicinal plants yourself, which should include choleretics, cholekinetics and cholespasmolytics. Choleretics stimulate the formation of bile: calamus, birch, immortelle, knotweed, coriander, corn silk, calendula, tansy, wormwood, mint, burdock, radish, rowan, chicory, rose hips. Cholekinetics improve the functioning of the gallbladder: vegetable oils(especially corn and olive), the same calamus and immortelle, as well as lingonberries, cornflower, oregano, rhubarb, thyme. Cholespasmolytics relieve spasm of the extrahepatic biliary tract: arnica, valerian, elecampane, St. John's wort, lemon balm, mint, calendula, sage.

The main thing to remember is: the healthier your liver, the less worries your resuscitators will have.

The breakdown products of cut tissues and all applied medications will be excreted through the kidneys. Therefore they must be in perfect order. The simplest collection for preventive purposes: birch (leaf) - 3 parts, flax (seed) - 1 part, bearberry (leaf) - 5 parts, horsetail (grass) 5 parts. Pour 4 tablespoons of the mixture into 1 liter of boiling water and leave in a thermos for 2 hours. Drink 100 ml 6 times a day for a month.

STIMULATE IMMUNITY

Infection of a sutured wound is more likely the longer it is. Your protection is your immunity. If the operation is not related to organ transplantation, it makes sense to stimulate it. The mildest way to do this is with the tincture of Echinacea purpurea. Moreover, I recommend to you the domestic drug from the company Galenapharm, since at a low price it is very effective.

You can use the drugs Immunal or Arbidol. The drug "Ingaron" is interesting. You can go a slightly different route, not only stimulating the immune system, but also increasing the overall adaptive capacity of the body. Plants containing adaptogens are suitable for this. This could be our native burdock and elecampane or the more exotic goldenseal (Rhodiola rosea). Experiments on animals have already proven that preoperative use of adaptogens facilitates the course of the postoperative period.

Some would-be specialists recommend “cleansing the body of toxins” before surgery. The fact is that the concept of “slag” does not exist either in medicine or in biology. These are inventions of illiterate trade swindlers. No need for experiments. Eating a lot of raw vegetables or repeated enemas can change your condition so much that the operation either has to be postponed or done for urgent reasons.

WHAT YOU WILL NEED IN THE HOSPITAL

Now let's talk about what to take with you. It is quite difficult to give recommendations on this issue without knowing where you will be treated - in a district hospital or in a Central Clinical Hospital. Let's focus on the conditions of a city hospital in an average provincial town. Except personal experience, we will also use the recommendations of Dr. V.K. Kovalev, published in the book “An operation is coming.” In any case, you need to take the necessary toiletries. Please note that both men and women may need a razor to prepare the surgical field.

It is better to find out the issue with the dishes in advance. Sometimes they give you a plate, sometimes they don’t. In any case, a mug (or better yet two), a tablespoon, a teaspoon and a sharp knife will not hurt. Don't forget scissors, thread and needle. Boilers are not welcome by the administration, but it is difficult to do without them. Now there are very convenient mugs that have a heating coil built into the bottom. If it works, then buy it. It's safer. You should not boil water in glass jars, as they may burst. It's better to avoid getting burned.

If your hospitalization will last more than a week and there are difficulties with visiting relatives (they live far away, are sick, etc.), then think about the fact that socks, handkerchiefs and other small things tend to get dirty. In addition to toilet soap, take a piece of laundry soap.

Most often, the most basic things like toilet paper are forgotten. IN summer period mosquitoes and flies will get you. Grab a fumigator with odorless plates, which will make life much easier.

If the operation is large in volume (something like coronary artery bypass surgery), then it is advisable to bandage the legs to reduce the likelihood of blood clots elastic bandages. Therefore, it is also better to purchase them in advance (each length is at least 1.5 m).

Now about the clothes. Think not so much about your appearance, but about convenience.

Do not forget that in the hospital, unfortunately, there is always a chance of catching some kind of infection in addition to your illness. Therefore, try to avoid woolen items. If they are necessary, then try to wear something smooth and easy to wash over them. It is best if you can leave this woolen item in the hospital. And you won’t take the infection home, and you’ll do a good deed for someone homeless.

If your operation involves prolonged bed rest, you will have to use a duck and bedpan. Alas, this does not always work out neatly. In the hospital they should give you oilcloth and a diaper, but nurses and nurses will grumble about a dirty diaper. Take disposable sheets and you will feel calmer and easier. It also makes sense to take your own oilcloth. Somehow it's more pleasant. Just don’t take a kitchen one, but buy a medical one at the pharmacy: a couple of pieces will be enough (about the size of a ½ sheet).

In general, if possible, it is advisable to practice how to use the bedpan and duck before surgery at home or in the hospital. For some this is a serious problem. This is especially necessary for men with prostatitis or prostate adenoma. It is possible that they will not be able to urinate lying down at all. Be sure to warn your doctor about this. In this case, you will need a catheter, and it is better to have it placed by urologists or resuscitation specialists, who have to do this often.

Shvyrkov Mikhail Borisovich, Doctor of Medical Sciences

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

SYKTYVKA MEDICAL COLLEGE

SPECIALTY "NURSING"

ABSTRACT

topic: I “Preparing the patient for surgery”

Performer: Kozhanova Zh.V.

student of the Faculty of Education "Operating Nurse"

Syktyvkar

2000

Preparing the patient for surgery

2.1. Preoperative period

2.2. General inspection

2.3. History taking

2.4. Laboratory research

2.5. Clinical observation

2.6. Psychological preparation sick

2.7. Preparation is vital important organs patient for surgery

2.8. Preparation for anesthesia, premedication

2.10. Bibliography

I. Preparing the patient for surgery

1.1. Preoperative period

The preoperative period is the time from the moment the patient is admitted to surgical hospital before the start of surgical treatment. At the stage of immediate preoperative preparation, therapeutic measures are carried out in order to identify the underlying disease and a favorable phase for surgical intervention, treatment of existing other diseases and preparation of vital important systems and organs.

Complex therapeutic measures carried out before surgery to transfer the underlying disease to the most favorable phase, treat concomitant diseases and prepare vital organs and systems for prevention postoperative complications called preparing patients for surgery.

The main task of preoperative preparation is to reduce operational risk and create optimal prerequisites for a favorable outcome.

Preoperative preparation is carried out for all patients. IN minimum volume performed only on patients undergoing surgery for emergency and urgent indications.

On the eve of the planned surgery general preoperative preparation. Her goal:

1. Eliminate contraindications to surgery by examining the patient’s vital organs and systems.

2. Preparation of the patient psychologically.

3. To prepare the patient’s body systems as much as possible, on which the intervention will have the greatest load during the operation and in postoperative period.

4. Prepare the surgical field.

1.2. General inspection

Every patient admitted to a surgical hospital for surgical treatment must be undressed and the skin of all parts of the body examined. In the presence of weeping eczema, pustular rashes, boils or fresh marks specified diseases the operation is temporarily postponed and the patient is sent for outpatient follow-up treatment. The operation on such a patient is performed one month after complete cure, because infection can manifest itself at the site of surgery in a patient weakened by surgical trauma.

1.3. History taking

Taking an anamnesis makes it possible to find out and clarify past illnesses, identify whether the patient suffers from hemophilia, syphilis, etc. For women, it is necessary to clarify the period last menstrual period, since she provides big influence on the vital activity of the body.

1.4. Laboratory research

Planned patients are admitted to the surgical hospital after laboratory examination at the clinic at your place of residence. They conduct general analysis blood and urine, urine test for sugar, biochemical composition blood and necessary X-ray studies breast organs and abdominal cavity.

1.5. Clinical observation

It is important for the patient to get to know the attending physician and to establish relationships between them. To completely eliminate contraindications to surgery, choose a method of pain relief and take measures to prevent subsequent complications, it is necessary that the patient fully opens up to the doctor. If special preparation of the patient for the operation is not required, then the preoperative period of the patient in the hospital is usually 1-2 days.

1.6. Psychological preparation of the patient

Trauma to the psyche of surgical patients begins in the clinic, when the doctor recommends surgical treatment, and continues in the hospital during the immediate appointment of the operation, preparation for it, etc. Therefore, a sensitive, attentive attitude towards the patient on the part of the attending physician and staff is very important. The authority of the doctor contributes to the establishment of close contact with the patient.

It is important to ensure that during the conversation with the patient and in the documents available for examination of the patient (referrals, tests, etc.), words that frighten him or her such as cancer, sarcoma, malignant tumor, etc. are not found.

It is unacceptable, as already noted, in the presence of the patient to make comments to the staff about incorrect execution of prescriptions.

When deciding on an operation, the doctor must convincingly explain to the patient the advisability of performing it. With skillful conversation, the doctor strengthens his authority and the patient trusts him with his health.

The choice of pain relief method depends on the competence of the doctor. In an intelligible form, the doctor convinces the patient of the need for the type of pain relief that should be used.

On the day of the operation, the surgeon should pay maximum attention to the patient, encourage him, ask about his health, examine how the surgical field is prepared, listen to the heart and lungs, examine the pharynx, and reassure him.

If the patient is taken to the operating room ahead of time, order and silence should be established in the operating room.

The surgeon is fully prepared to wait for the patient, and not vice versa. During an operation under local anesthesia, the conversation should be between the surgeon and the patient. With his calmness and encouraging words, the surgeon has a beneficial effect on the patient’s psyche. Harsh remarks addressed to the patient are unacceptable.

IN difficult situation, When local anesthesia is insufficient, it is necessary to switch to timely general anesthesia so as not to cause suffering to the person being operated on and he did not witness the difficulties experienced by the surgeon.

After the operation is completed, the surgeon should examine the patient, feel the pulse and reassure him. The patient will see this as caring for him.

Everything in the room should be ready to receive the patient. The main thing is to eliminate pain with the use of painkillers, implement measures aimed at improving breathing and cardiovascular activities, which prevents a number of complications. The surgeon must repeatedly visit the patient he operated on.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the surgeon must be able to understand the patient’s personality and gain authority and trust. All surgical department personnel are obliged to spare the patient’s psyche. Self surgery department his appearance and the mode of operation should have a beneficial effect on the patient.

Sick people are always depressed, afraid of surgery and physical pain. The surgeon is obliged to dispel these doubts. However, the doctor should not say that the operation will not cause any problems. Any operation is associated with risks and complications.

A doctor, in a conversation with a patient, must explain to him the essence of the disease. If the patient with malignant tumor continues to doubt and stubbornly refuses surgical treatment, then it is permissible to say that his disease may turn into cancer after some time. Finally, in case of a categorical refusal, it is advisable to tell the patient that he has initial stage tumors and delay in surgery will lead to neglect of the disease and an unfavorable outcome. The patient must understand that in this situation surgery is the only type of treatment. In some cases, the surgeon must explain to the patient the true essence of the operation, its consequences and prognosis.

The main role in normalizing the patient’s psyche is played by the patient’s trust in the department’s doctor and all the treating staff, the authority and competence of the surgeon.

1.7. Preparing the patient's vital organs for surgery

Respiratory preparation

Respiratory organs account for up to 10% of postoperative complications. Therefore, the surgeon should pay special attention to the patient’s respiratory system.

In the presence of bronchitis and emphysema, the risk of complications increases several times. Acute bronchitis is a contraindication to performing elective surgery. Sick chronic bronchitis are subject to preoperative sanitation: they are prescribed expectorants and physiotherapeutic procedures.

Cardiovascular preparation

If the heart sounds are normal and there are no changes in the electrocardiogram, no special preparation is required.

Oral preparation

In all cases, before surgery, patients require sanitation of the oral cavity with the assistance of a dentist.

Preparing the gastrointestinal tract

Before a planned operation on the abdominal organs, the patient is given a cleansing enema the evening before the operation. When preparing patients for surgery on the large intestine, it must be cleaned. In these cases, 2 days before surgery, a laxative is given 1-2 times; the day before surgery, the patient takes liquid food and he is prescribed 2 enemas, in addition, another enema is given on the morning of the operation.

Liver preparation

Before the operation, liver functions such as protein synthesis, bilirubin secretion, urea formation, enzymatic function, etc. are examined.

Determination of kidney function

During the preparation of patients for surgery and in the postoperative period, the condition of the kidneys is usually assessed by urine tests, functional tests, isotope renography, etc.

Increasing the general resistance of the patient's body before surgery.

Increased body resistance contributes to better tissue regeneration and other reparative processes. Drip administration glucose before surgery must be supplemented with the introduction of nicotine and ascorbic acids, vitamins B1, B6. For the most severe patients, it is advisable to prescribe anabolic hormones, gamma globulin, plasma, albumin, and blood transfusions.

Before the invention of anesthesia, about 70% of operations ended in the death of the patient; patient survival depended only on the speed of the surgeon’s work. In 1839, the French surgeon Velpeau stated that “the elimination of pain during operations is a chimera that cannot even be thought about; cutting instrument and pain are two concepts inseparable from each other in the mind of the patient.”

March 30, 1842 American doctor Crawford Long for the first time gave the patient to breathe ether before surgery. He published his results only in 1849, and on October 16, 1846, a test of ether anesthesia took place in the USA.

In Russia he performed the first operation using ether anesthesia physician, doctor of medicine, surgeon Fedor Inozemtsev. The operation took place on February 7, 1847 on the territory of the First City Hospital in Riga. Immediately after the Riga operation ether anesthesia applied and Nikolay Pirogov.

Anesthesia today

Today there are three main types of anesthesia - local, general and spinal. For quick interventions and for children, inhalation anesthesia is used - the child inhales an anesthetic inhalation mixture through a mask and falls asleep. Intravenous anesthesia is used for long and difficult operations.

For 1 in 20 patients, epidural anesthesia does not work, but for red-haired people, to turn it off painful sensations, you need 20% more anesthetics.

In traumatology, regional anesthesia is used - local anesthetic is injected into the area of ​​the nerve, providing complete anesthesia of the limb. Epidural anesthesia is very popular for relief birth process, since the patient can either remain conscious or doze off under the influence of drugs.

Spinal anesthesia is difficult to control and is rarely used, but the patient is completely switched off and does not feel pain. Anesthesia with preserved consciousness is used only in special cases, most often in neurosurgery, if it is necessary to maintain the patient’s consciousness and communicate with him during surgery.
Oral (through the mouth) and rectal (through anus, using an enema) anesthesia is practically not used today. The past goes away intramuscular method pain relief.

How to prepare for surgery

Before any operation, except emergency cases, thorough preparation is carried out: doctors, the attending surgeon and an anesthesiologist assess the patient’s health, conduct an examination and prescribe tests, including a general blood test, a blood clotting test, a general urinalysis, and an ECG.

Based on all procedures, the doctor assesses the patient’s readiness for anesthesia. The operation is postponed if the patient has ARVI, heat, exacerbation of concomitant disease.

The absence of complications after anesthesia is determined by several factors - the patient’s health and the work of the anesthesiologist. Therefore, before anesthesia, it is important to properly prepare for the operation and take into account all the nuances, in particular:

• Choose as carefully as possible medical institution, because the risk side effects from the use of anesthesia, the less, the higher the qualifications of the anesthesiologist.
• Tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking—drugs when combined can change their activity and duration of action. For example, taking regular aspirin affects blood clotting; sleeping pills and sedatives can change the body's reaction to the administration of painkillers.
• Tell your doctor about everything concomitant diseases. A contraindication to anesthesia is any acute illness, exacerbation chronic disease and even the beginning of menstruation.
• Do not eat or drink (even water) 6 hours before anesthesia. In consultation with your doctor, you can take sedatives at night and in the morning so that you can sleep well and not worry too much. It is also necessary to avoid alcohol consumption.
• It is recommended to eliminate cigarette smoking from your life 6 weeks before surgery - this will reduce the risk respiratory complications after operation. Under no circumstances should you smoke on the day of surgery.
• Before the operation, it is necessary to remove all removable objects (dentures, piercings) from the oral cavity, and also remove contact lenses and a hearing aid.
• Remove nail polish from nails as it may interfere with the patient's breath analysis.
• Check with your doctor about what exactly you need to prepare for surgery. This usually concerns the preparation of the necessary clothing, personal hygiene products and items to fill the time free from treatment.

The doctor decides which type of anesthesia is right for you. Today, anesthesiologists use about a dozen drugs during surgery. Often, even for the same operation, but for different patients, different anesthesia is used. In emergency cases of using anesthesia best view“emergency” pain relief is the one that the anesthesiologist uses every day and is most familiar with.

"Frivolous" anesthesia

Many people associate anesthesia exclusively with serious operations, when a person is put to sleep and completely anesthetized. However, everyone experiences anesthesia during less significant interventions, for example, in the dentist's office.

And despite the fact that there are modern safe drugs for local anesthesia, carpule technology is used, when the medicine is already prepared and packaged in syringes at the factory; not everyone experiences dental anesthesia without complications.

The anesthetic risk group includes 30% of those who came for dental treatment. These are people with cardiovascular diseases, allergies, endocrine pathology. Important role The condition of the liver and kidneys plays a role - you need to tell your doctor about the presence of any of these diseases, or better yet, provide medical documents.

Also vulnerable are the elderly, pregnant women, children and those who are very afraid of dental treatment.

Is it possible not to wake up after anesthesia?

Many patients are afraid that they may not wake up after anesthesia. On the one hand, this is possible, but these cases are extremely rare. According to statistics, this happens in one out of two hundred thousand planned operations, but even then, most often death occurs not due to anesthesia, but in connection with surgical intervention.

But there are complications after anesthesia. For example, smokers are at high risk of developing bronchitis and pneumonia. After surgery, memory, attention and the ability to remember are often reduced, but this lasts from two weeks to several months. Some patients may experience nausea, dizziness, temporary memory loss, sore throat, hoarseness, but these sensations pass quickly and do not cause harm to the body.

Proper preparation provides general anesthesia (narcosis) or regional anesthesia and surgery a huge impact for a comfortable and safe anesthesia and a smooth course of the postoperative period, and the patient’s condition after anesthesia.

Before the upcoming anesthesia and surgery, you will have to undergo a comprehensive diagnostic examination, including: general blood test, blood group, biochemical analysis blood, detailed coagulogram, general urinalysis, ECG, fluorography or chest x-ray. According to indications, consultations with narrow specialists are prescribed and additional methods examinations. After receiving the test results and additional examination methods, you will have a conversation and examination with an anesthesiologist.

During a conversation with an anesthesiologist before the operation, it is necessary to inform about the diseases, injuries, operations you have suffered, what kind of pain relief was used - general or local anesthesia and how it went, the presence of allergies to medicines, food products, natural ingredients(plant pollen, fluff, animal fur). Tell about the presence of concomitant diseases, constant use of medications. In a confidential conversation with an anesthesiologist, you cannot hide information about previous and concomitant diseases, as this is necessary for the right choice anesthesia techniques and the choice of drugs for anesthesia, which will ensure the safety of anesthesia and will allow you to avoid complications of anesthesia and the postoperative period. Aware means armed!

Before anesthesia, if available concomitant pathology it is necessary to achieve maximum compensation and remission of diseases (for example: stabilization blood pressure at arterial hypertension, correction of arrhythmia in supraventricular and ventricular extrasystole And atrial fibrillation, normalization of glycemic levels in diabetes mellitus).

In the presence of acute respiratory symptoms viral infection(ARVI), influenza (nasal congestion, lacrimation, headache, runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever), planned surgical treatment or a procedure under general anesthesia must be postponed until complete recovery. Usually this is two weeks for ARVI (rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis) and four weeks for bacterial infection bronchi, pneumonia or sore throat.

In each individual case, the timing will be determined by the anesthesiologist and the operating doctor. Any surgical intervention is stressful for the body, weakening immune system. When the immune system is weakened, it occurs increased risk infection infectious diseases or the risk of progression of an existing infection. A serious problem in administering anesthesia for colds is the manifestation of existing acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, and even the development of complications. respiratory system for example: purulent bronchitis, pneumonia. The body's reaction to anesthesia drugs may change. It is important not to hide the presence or recent history of ARVI, influenza, sore throat and other acute infectious or other diseases before the upcoming anesthesia and operation for your own safety. It’s easier to postpone surgical treatment and anesthesia, and not harm yourself, than to deal with complications!

If you have loose teeth or loose crowns, bridges, carious teeth, then be sure to first undergo treatment with a dentist, since there is a high risk of damage to loose teeth and crowns; it is possible that fragments of teeth and crowns may accidentally enter the trachea and bronchi while ensuring airway patency during anesthesia.

You cannot stop taking medications on your own, or change the dosage and frequency of medications you take for concomitant pathologies. The issue of discontinuing drugs, changing the dosage, frequency and method of taking drugs is resolved with an anesthesiologist, surgeon, gynecologist, urologist, therapist or narrow specialist at a preliminary examination in preparation for surgery and anesthesia. Don't forget to take all your medications to the hospital. You will continue to take the medications you are taking after anesthesia and surgery. It is allowed to take medications in the morning before anesthesia. The anesthesiologist will explain to you how to take it and when to take it during a conversation before anesthesia.

We ask you not to use cosmetics before anesthesia, remove polish and gel from your nails(at least from 1-2 fingers) to ensure monitoring of oxygenation indicators (oxygen content in capillary blood) during anesthesia and the postoperative period. Nail polish and gel interfere with and distort blood oxygenation levels. This will avoid and prevent complications of anesthesia.

Before anesthesia and entering the operating room, it is necessary to remove and leave in the room contact lenses, glasses, Jewelry(rings, earrings, chains, bracelets, hair clips, piercings). Before anesthesia, it is necessary to leave removable dentures in the room.

And in conclusion, about one of the most important conditions for carrying out general and regional anesthesia that is safe for you. Anesthesia is performed on an empty stomach. In the morning before anesthesia, you should not drink water (if you suddenly drank a little, took a sip of water, forgot that you should not drink - the anesthesia will be delayed or postponed until the next day!!!), liquids, tea, coffee, juice, take any food, use chewing gum, sucking candies, mints. In the morning are allowed hygiene procedures oral cavity - you can brush your teeth, but without swallowing water. Empty stomach one of the guarantees to avoid the most dangerous and formidable complication of anesthesia as the entry of acidic stomach contents into Airways, and allows you to reduce the symptoms of nausea and vomiting after anesthesia.

If these requirements and conditions are met, your anesthesia within the walls of our Clinic will be comfortable and as safe as possible, and we hope it will leave you with only pleasant emotions.

If you have any questions or would like to learn more about the methods modern anesthesia used in our Clinic, the possibility and choice of anesthesia method for your pathology or your concomitant diseases, come to the Clinic, we will answer all your questions at the meeting!