Why do bruises appear on the body for no reason? Causes and most effective methods of treating subcutaneous hematoma on the leg
Any type traumatic injuries, for example, a fall, can cause rupture of capillaries (small blood vessels), from which red blood cells leak under the surface of the skin. This results in purple or "blue-black" bruises on the skin.
Technically, they are called "bruises" or "bruises"; they can be caused by almost any injury to the blood vessels in the skin. As the body begins to heal and metabolize blood cells, the bruise will typically turn green, yellow, or brown until it disappears completely.
Bruising from time to time is almost inevitable, but if you get bruises often enough that you can't figure out why, there must be a reason for it. You might just hit your hand or foot and forget about it, but it could just as easily be something else entirely.
1. Age
With age, the skin loses part of the protective fat layer, which, like a pillow, protects against bumps and falls. In addition, the skin thins as collagen production slows. This means that it usually takes much less force to form a bruise than when you were younger.
2. Purpuric dermatitis
3. Blood disorders
Blood disorders such as hemophilia and leukemia can cause unexplained bruising, usually because the blood does not clot properly. If you frequently experience severe and unexplained bruising, it is best to see your doctor to rule out such disorders, especially if they appear suddenly.
4. Diabetes
People with diabetes may experience dark dark spots, often in places where the skin comes into contact with other parts of the body. These spots can be mistaken for bruises, but they are actually caused by insulin resistance.
5. Excessive stress during training
Excessive muscle tension, such as from lifting heavy objects, can cause blood vessels to rupture and cause bruising. Bruises can also cause microscopic tears in muscle tissue. Also, if you play sports or vigorous exercise, you may experience bumps and minor injuries that cause bruising, but you may not remember them.
6. Some medications
Medicines such as aspirin, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs reduce blood clotting and increase the likelihood of bruising. And medications such as aspirin, prednisone, prednisone, oral contraceptives and others can also weaken blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of bruising.
7. Heredity
If you have close relatives who bruise easily, then you may well be prone to it too (though there are usually steps you can take to avoid this potential genetic tendency).
8. Pale skin
Pale skin doesn't mean you're prone to bruising - it's just that any bruising is more noticeable on it than on people with more complex skin. dark skin.
9. Sun Damage
Although the body requires sun exposure to produce vitamin D (and obtain additional useful properties), excessive sun exposure, especially when it results in sunburn, can cause the skin to lose its elasticity and resilience. This, in turn, makes bruising easier and more noticeable.
Diet can be the most important factor appearance of bruises
The reason people bruise is due to the increased fragility of the capillaries, which break easily. One of the best ways ensure the strength and flexibility of capillaries - try to get flavonoids in your diet.
Excellent food sources of flavonoids include dark berries, dark leafy greens, garlic and onions.
As a rule, a complete diet with big amount organic vegetables and fruits will be more than enough to provide you with all the micronutrients you need to prevent bruises, unless, of course, they are the result of severe injuries.
But if you bruise easily, the following are especially important for you: nutrients, and if you don’t get enough of them in your diet, then supplements with them will help you:
Rutin
Rutin is a bioflavonoid that is known to strengthen blood vessels. For this reason, it is often used to treat varicose veins veins, hemorrhoids and bruises. In fact, a lack of flavonoids makes blood vessels rupture more easily, so if you bruise easily, you may benefit from taking rutin.
In one study of patients with progressive purpura pigmentosa, skin lesions completely cleared up after four weeks of treatment with a rutin supplement (50 mg twice daily) and vitamin C.
Hesperidin
This bioflavonoid, which is found in citrus peels, is also known for its ability to strengthen capillaries. In another study, menopausal women who took daily hesperidin and vitamin C supplements experienced reduced bruising.
Vitamin C
It was found that people with low level Vitamin C increased it helped reduce bruising. Taking vitamin C along with flavonoids such as rutin or hesperidin increases its effectiveness and absorption. As reported by the University of Michigan Health System:
“Even minor deficiencies in vitamin C, and possibly flavonoids, can increase bruising. People who bruise easily may benefit from eating more fruits and vegetables, traditional sources of vitamin C and flavonoids.
Taking at least 400 mg of vitamin C daily in combination with 400 mg of flavonoids, such as hesperidin or rutin, will help reduce the tendency to bruise.”
10 natural remedies to speed up the healing of bruises
The key to avoiding bruising is regular use fresh vegetables and fruits. But, if a bruise has already appeared, there are many simple natural ways, which will help him quickly disappear. These include:
Arnica Oil: Arnica flowers and roots have been used for centuries as medicinal herbs. It has anti-inflammatory properties and stimulates the flow of white blood cells, which process blood clots and help disperse stagnant fluid from joints, muscles and bruises. Arnica oil is recommended only for local application and in diluted form, since pure it is very powerful and can cause serious side effects.
Cabbage leaves: For facial bruises, use the large outer leaves white cabbage, break the nubs into them and place them in very hot water. Then apply it to the bruise (just make sure they cool a little so you don't get burned).
Cold compress: Apply cold compress to a bruise - this will help reduce swelling and pain. The sooner you apply a compress after an injury, the better.
Aloe Vera: Fresh gel from the leaves of the aloe vera plant can help speed up the healing of wounds and skin irritations.
Calendula (marigold): To make a balm, boil 30 grams of dried calendula flowers or leaves (or 1/4 teaspoon fresh juice herbs) with 30 grams of lard. Once the mixture has cooled, apply it to the bruise. This mixture is great for sprains, pulled muscles, cracks and abscesses.
Fenugreek: To make hot poultices, place 15 grams of crushed fenugreek seeds in a small linen bag and boil in water for a few minutes. Take out the bag and apply this "tea water" to sore spot. Let it be as hot as you can stand (as long as you don't get burned).
Common Thyme: Place the green parts of the plant in water and boil for three to four minutes. Cover the pan and leave for two to three minutes. Strain and add the infusion to your bath water. Take a bath as usual.
Onion: Apply it directly to the bruise.
St. John's wort: Add 10-15 drops of St. John's wort oil to water and apply to the sore spot.
Apple Cider Vinegar: Apply hot or cold soaks to the bruise. apple cider vinegar.
Vitamin K: Vitamin K topically will help reduce bruising.
Healthy skin starts inside
Omega-3 fats of animal origin:
Vegetables: ideally fresh, organic, locally produced. Fresh vegetable juice wonder how beneficial it is for the skin, as are the carotenoids that give red, orange and yellow fruits, and are also present in green vegetables. Studies have shown that consuming richly colored foods makes your face look healthier than a tanned one.
And fermented vegetables are even better because they are the same vegetables but transformed by bacteria into superfoods that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, helping to create balance immune system and digestion.
Astaxanthin - powerful antioxidant- as established, when daily use provides effective protection from sun damage. Some sunscreens are already starting to use astaxanthin as an ingredient to protect the skin from damage.
Follow us
Hematoma (from Latin haemat - blood, oma - tumor) is a term denoting a local accumulation of blood in the human body. It is formed due to the direct impact of trauma. Concomitant factors are vascular pathologies and blood diseases: platelet purpura, hemophilia type (A) and type (B), von Willebrand disease. Subcutaneous hematoma – the most common manifestation this state, less often there are hematomas of internal organs and their walls.
A subcutaneous hematoma is characterized by a small, limited protrusion above the skin, dark blue or purple. The boundaries are not smooth and clear. Sharply painful on palpation, it can also hurt at rest.
Due to the action of the etiological factor, blood flows out of the damaged vessel, which enters the skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles. Each of the above structures contains septa and trabeculae. They form so-called anatomical reservoirs into which blood flows. As they fill, the pressure in the reservoir increases and thereby compresses the bleeding vessel. Blood flow in a pinched vessel slows down, and this leads to the formation of a blood clot and blockage of the damaged artery or vein. A reservoir filled with blood can compress nerve endings, which leads to pain.
An internal hematoma is much more dangerous than a subcutaneous one. The pathogenesis and etiology are the same for all types of such manifestations. Most often it appears in organs such as the brain, liver, and kidneys. Clinical picture depends on the organ in which the hematoma appeared, on its size. The essence of the problem is compression of the organ by accumulated blood.
The hematoma takes a very long time to resolve. Throughout the entire time it changes its color from darker to lighter. This phenomenon is called “blooming”; it occurs due to the breakdown of hemoglobin in the blood, which forms a hematoma.
Symptoms
One of the earliest and longest lasting symptoms is pain. Pain occurs after swelling and may be pulsating or pulling. The intensity of pain depends on what nerve endings succumbed to compression.
During injury, many cells are destroyed, in other words, alteration occurs. When a cell dies, a lot of biologically released active substances(BAS), which irritate the receptors and cause a burning sensation and itching. Patients complain of decreased function of nearby muscles and the appearance of limited edema. Due to the release of biologically active substances into the blood, body temperature rises to subfebrile levels. An old hematoma, when disintegrating, can also raise body temperature.
If the swelling does not disappear for a long time, and the bruise does not change color, you need to consult a doctor. This can occur when bacteria multiply in the cavity formed by the hematoma. If a hematoma appears after a blow to the head, in addition to pain, as a rule, symptoms of damage to the central nervous system: nausea, vomiting, loss of performance. It is necessary to examine the patient for the presence of a concussion or other injuries to the brain or skull.
Also, with internal bruises, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and decreased blood pressure, twitching of small and large muscle groups.
If a child develops a bruise two to three hours after being hit, hemophilia should be suspected and tested for clotting factors.
Classification by severity
Depending on the size of the damage and the patient’s condition, subcutaneous hematoma has four degrees of severity.
- First degree. Hematoma after a bruise or minor injury. Weak hemorrhage of small sizes. The pain is minor, the temperature rises only locally. Color light blue or red. Goes away without treatment after a few days.
- Second degree. The bleeding is more severe, the area of damage increases. Local temperature rises. It hurts and burns slightly at rest. Color blue or dark purple. Without treatment it goes away in ten to fifteen days.
- Third degree. Big sizes and very intense pain, loss of function of nearby muscles. Raising body temperature to subfebrile levels. As a rule, it occurs when vessels of medium diameter are damaged.
- Fourth degree. Serious condition, severe damage to the skin and underlying structures, very strong pain, heat. Such damage is most often accompanied by a secondary infection.
There is also a classification based on the lumen of the vessel. The hematoma can be pulsating or non-pulsating. There may be blood clots, blood, pus, or infected blood inside. It is important to prevent the contents from becoming infected.
Therapy methods
Removal of hematoma conservative methods take a lot of time. The body needs a significant amount of energy and resources to break down its own blood at the site of hemorrhage. Also read -.
Subcutaneous hematomas without complications should be treated immediately. The first thing to do is apply cold immediately after the injury. Thanks to the cold, the vessel narrows, bleeding stops, and the area of the bruise does not increase. The cold should be kept for about 20 minutes, after which ten-minute breaks should be taken. You can apply a pressure bandage in the area of manifestation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve pain. You should not take Aspirin because it thins the blood.
After a hematoma has formed from the blow, special heparin ointments or bodyagu ointment can be applied for treatment. Such products will speed up the resorption process. Indications for surgical removal of hematoma:
- big sizes;
- severe compression of tissues and muscles;
- suppuration;
- hematomas of internal organs that do not respond to conservative treatment.
The operation is performed immediately if the hematoma threatens the patient’s life, for example, there is compression of the brain or its parts, or compression of large arteries.
You cannot open bruises yourself, as this can lead to infection and continued bleeding.
Traditional methods
Each of us knows a few folk ways how to get rid of a hematoma. If the hematoma does not resolve for a long time, you can speed up this process with the help of traditional medicine.
Treatment at home can be carried out using a leaf of white cabbage.
You need to take a sheet, make cuts and apply it to the bruise overnight. The notches are needed so that the juice comes out better.
To remove the ugly blue spot, you can use salt lotions. To do this, melt 150 grams of salt in hot water and soak a bandage in it, then apply a bandage for 12 hours.
Onion mixture works great. Chop the onion and add 3 tablespoons of salt to it, stir. Apply 2 times a day to the bruise. Treatment period is up to 5 days.
A mixture of honey and aloe in a 1:1 ratio is very popular. Apply 2 times a day.
Grated plantain leaf has a good effect. Apply the resulting pulp to the site of the hematoma. Also use castor oil lotions.
All folk remedies are aimed at improving blood flow and accelerating metabolic processes, which stimulates faster resorption of blood clots.
Complications
Hematomas near nerves are dangerous. The formation can be on the face and neck, near the spinal cord and brain. Compression of a nerve or center in the cerebral cortex can lead to disability or death.
Also this phenomenon can grow calcium salts or fibrous fibers and leave a bulge forever. One with the most frequent complications is an infection. Blood is a good environment for the growth of microorganisms. Only a surgeon should treat an infected hematoma.
Hematomas, which we simply call “bruises,” have been in our lives since childhood. There isn't a kid who doesn't come home one day with a broken knee and a couple of blue or purple spots on his skin. We are used to the fact that they are not dangerous - why worry if in a couple of days they will go away on their own?
You can think this way if the damage was inflicted small, but strong impact a soft tissue hematoma can become a serious problem.
How does a hematoma appear?
Essentially just a cluster excess blood in the human body as a result of rupture of blood vessels. A rupture can occur from anything - a blow, a bruise, an accidental fall. You do not have to get a bruise for a hematoma, since they often result from fractures (open and closed), damage to internal organs, and sometimes even cuts, if they are deep enough and, in addition to the cut, also caused damage to the soft tissues around.
The danger of hematomas lies in their diversity. They can be located close to the surface of the skin (in most cases these are the familiar “bruises”), but there are also more dangerous options. Hematomas big size can fester (due to the volume of stale blood they contain), infect surrounding tissues and interfere with the functioning of internal organs if they are nearby. They can even be found in the walls of internal organs or directly inside the muscles. The most dangerous ones are . It is very difficult to get rid of them; deaths occur regularly.
Classification of subcutaneous hematomas
The most common and easiest to treat cases. More precisely, they most often do not need treatment - they go away on their own. Usually these are the consequences of a weak or unintentional household blow and do not pose a danger. An exception may be an extensive and advanced hematoma; treatment in such cases is mandatory.
Stages of subcutaneous hematomas:
- Easy. It appears slowly, within a day after the injury, but goes away quickly (1-2 days depending on the sensitivity of the skin) completely on its own. None additional measures does not require prevention or treatment, is usually mildly expressed on the skin, and when pressed there is slight pain or even just discomfort.
- Average. For this type of soft tissue hematoma, treatment may well be necessary - such a bruise should be shown to a traumatologist. Appears within 3-5 hours after injury, there is a pronounced bluish color, swelling in the affected area and partial limitation of the functionality of the limb (if we are talking about a bruise of the limb).
- Heavy. Appears within 1-3 hours and requires urgent medical attention. The affected area is large and changes in color and area right before our eyes. Severe pain is typical and complete loss of limb functionality is possible.
It should be remembered that at all stages of hematoma above the lung, qualified specialists are required. health care. This way there is a chance to prevent large-scale internal hemorrhage and damage from stagnant blood to internal organs if the injury occurs close to them. Soft tissue hematomas after a bruise heal under observation and as a result surgical treatment quickly and steadily, but if you leave things to chance, nothing good will come of it - stale blood is very suitable for the reproduction of many groups pathogenic bacteria, which cause tissue rotting, infect healthy systems and organs of the body and can even lead to long-term infectious disease of the whole body.
Intramuscular hematomas
This is also a soft tissue hematoma (ICD classification system for bruises), that is, it also refers to soft tissue injuries. Characterized by complete swelling of the limb instead of a local bruise, as well as location deep inside the muscle, especially when it comes to large muscles. Such injuries are more difficult to detect by touch and are extremely painful and dangerous. If in mild cases with a small injury you can get by with ointments and massage, then in advanced or simply very serious bruises, operations are used to prevent anaerobic infection in the muscle, which in the future can completely atrophy it. If a large hematoma of this level is not treated, you may even lose a limb.
Ensacculated hematoma
A more serious version of the previous case. The difference is that hematomas of this type do not spread thickened blood into the soft tissue cavity, but form a kind of capsule, which over time hardens, festers and causes a serious inflammatory process. On early stages may not require an autopsy, but such cases are rare. Typically, encysted hematomas are so serious that they require the direct intervention of a surgeon rather than a traumatologist. The operation is nothing special - it is a simple opening of the wound, removal of blood clots and pus (if suppuration has already formed), dense areas of the “capsule” and complete cleaning of the cavity for subsequent sutures, which are removed after 7-10 days.
Treatment of hematomas
First, you will need diagnostics - independent, and then professional, from a traumatologist or surgeon. Determine how serious the damage is in your case personally and, if you have any suspicions, seek help at any emergency room where such cases are dealt with every day.
If your hematoma moderate severity, then it’s worth buying special ointments that are rubbed into the skin, providing an antibacterial and soothing effect on the affected area. Also, such ointments can serve as an excellent analgesic if your skin is sensitive and the pain from the hematoma bothers you a lot. If inflammation has already begun, you may be advised to take a course of antibiotics to eliminate the risk of infection with something serious that will take much longer to treat than a couple of weeks.
When hospitalized, you will most likely be referred for surgery. Operations to treat hematomas belong to the group of simplest surgical procedures and the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is almost zero - everything is carried out under local anesthesia and with maximum cleaning of the affected tissue area, because the main thing in all treatment of hematomas is to prevent recurrence inflammatory process, and therefore infection.
Be careful and do not underestimate the danger of hematomas - they can significantly complicate your injury or simply add a lot of unpleasant sensations to your life.
A limited blood tumor resulting from the rupture of blood vessels and the flow of blood from them into the surrounding tissues is called hematoma(haematoma). It represents a cavity filled with liquid and coagulated blood.
The size of hematomas varies from small pinpoint bruises to large, compressive ones. soft fabrics or areas of organs, in the case of an internal location.
The most common localization is under the skin of different parts of the body, representing bruises various shapes and magnitude. Other places are mucous membranes, periosteum, muscle tissue, placenta, wall of internal organs, brain, and so on. The appearance of hematomas in these places is more serious, as it can be complicated by dysfunction of organs.
Classification
ICD-10 code for superficial injury unspecified localization– T14.0, code for obstetric pelvic hematoma – 071.7, intracerebral – 161.0–161.9There are different types of hematomas.
Depending on the location of the hematoma, it can be:
Subcutaneous Hematoma is a common type, often found on any part of the body, occurring after soft tissue injuries. As an example, a hematoma on the leg, arm, lower leg, and so on. Many people have probably noticed bruises on the face, in particular on the lip, forehead, cheek, lower and/or upper eyelids(under or above the eye). Happens ear hematoma in the form of a lump filled with blood.
Submucosa. Its localization is mucous membranes.
Subfascial or internal. Such a hematoma is formed after the outpouring of blood into any fascia covering a particular organ. In this case, a hematoma of the kidney, liver or other organs appears. When the vagina and pelvic ligaments are injured during childbirth, the resulting hematoma can reach the navel in front and the kidney area in the back.
Intramuscular. Formed when severe injuries and bruises, is localized inside muscle tissue or between different muscles.
Brain hematomas are divided into subdural, epidural, and intracerebral, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhages.
1. Subdural a hematoma causes general and local compression of the brain due to the accumulation of blood between the arachnoid and dura mater of the brain. There are stages: acute, subacute and chronic.
2. Epidural hematoma is a traumatic hemorrhage in which blood is located between the dura mater of the brain and inner surface skull bones. Subdural and epidural types may be referred to as intracranial hematoma.
3. Differences intraventricular, subarachnoid And intracerebral hemorrhages consist only of localization.
Subserosal. It is characterized by hemorrhage in the cavity of the lungs or peritoneum.
Retrochorial hematoma occurs as a complication during pregnancy. Such hemorrhage threatens to terminate the pregnancy, since it early stages rejection occurs ovum from chorina, the precursor of the placenta, while blood accumulates in the uterus.
Depending on the type of hemorrhage, a hematoma can be:
arterial,
venous,
mixed.
Depending on the lumen of the vessel:
non-pulsating,
pulsating.
Depending on the condition of the bleeding:
fresh, with blood that has not had time to clot;
curled up, with clotted blood;
infected, with associated infection;
festering, in which pus is found in the blood.
Depending on the clinical manifestations:
limited,
diffuse,
encysted.
Separately, there are postoperative hematomas, which are a complication of surgical interventions. In most cases, they form under the skin in the area postoperative suture. Both internal and subcutaneous postoperative hematoma can occur due to breakage or cutting of blood vessels and capillaries during surgery.
Causes of hematoma formation
Predisposing factors in various types hematomas are somewhat different from each other, but the main cause of hemorrhages is considered closed injuries various parts of the body. Post-traumatic hematomas appear after a blow, bruise, fall, pinching or other traumatic factors.Intracerebral hematomas occur due to similar reasons, but the exception is subarachnoid hemorrhages, which occur not only as a consequence of injury, but also as ruptures vascular pathways non-traumatic nature, for example, with atherosclerosis, hemorrhagic diathesis. The subdural form of hematoma occurs from severe and serious craniocerebral disorders, in some cases leading to fatal outcome.
Statistics
- Up to 45% of all injuries are bruises varying degrees gravity.
- Posterior hematoma cranial fossa makes up approximately 10% of all cerebral hemorrhages. Epidural hematoma in 5–10% of cases leads to the death of the patient and disability of survivors.
Small pinpoint hematomas can be a consequence of certain conditions or an underlying disease, for example, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, vasculitis, leukemia and others.
Internal hematomas are caused by trauma. As a rule, these are more complex extensive hemorrhages in the retroperitoneal space. Pregnant women may experience complications during childbirth using the method C-section.
Causes of postoperative hematomas:
Increased vascular permeability, leading to rupture of blood vessels after or during surgery;
decreased blood clotting;
high blood pressure in postoperative period;
vascular diseases.
Intramuscular hematoma often occurs after an injection given in the buttock. The main predisposing factors to the appearance of cephalohematoma in a newborn are the discrepancy between the baby’s head and the mother’s narrow birth canal, sharp changes pressure. The cause of intracerebral hematoma in an infant is a head injury during a difficult birth; in children, especially under 3 years old, it is uncoordinated movements, inability to group themselves and absorb falls.
Infection and suppuration of a blood tumor is possible due to weakened immunity due to chronic diseases, exhaustion, changes in blood vessels characteristic of old age.
Clinical picture of different types of hematomas
Symptoms depend on the size of the hemorrhage and its location. Muscle hematomas and subcutaneous tissue characterized by the following manifestations:Swelling at the site of the injury accompanied by swelling of the surrounding tissues;
painful sensations, the intensity of which depends on the strength of the injury and location;
changes in skin color: first a bluish tint appears, indicating the accumulation of fresh blood, then as it coagulates and is absorbed, the color changes to reddish-purple, and then to yellow-green.
local increase in temperature in the bruised area;
restriction of movement in the hematoma area due to impaired muscle function.
Even minor blows or injuries to the chest result in the formation of a breast hematoma. If the blood tumor is of significant size, then some of its cells may not resolve, degenerating into connective tissue.
If hemorrhage occurs in the wall of an internal organ, then signs of compression of the latter and disruption of its functioning come to the fore. A large retroperitoneal hematoma often stimulates bleeding into the peritoneal cavity, causing peritonitis. The subserous form is much more dangerous than the subcutaneous form. The accumulation of blood near the lung leads to disruption of its function, clinically manifested by shortness of breath, cough, pain in the area of the blood cavity.
A subunctual hematoma occurs immediately after a nail is struck or pinched. The hemorrhage is dark blue, almost black. There is a feeling of pulsation and swelling, the nail hurts constantly at first, then the pain goes away, appearing only when pressing on the site of the impact.
There are three degrees of hematoma severity:
1. Lightweight. A hematoma forms in the first day after a minor injury. Accompanied by mild or moderate pain at the location. No edema is observed, limb function is not impaired. Goes away on its own without consequences.
2. Average. Forms 3–5 hours after injury. Manifested by noticeable swelling, pain, partial violation limb functions.
3. Heavy. The hematoma appears within the first hour or two. It is accompanied by swelling of the surrounding tissues, severe pain in the area of injury, increased local temperature, and a sharp limitation of limb movement.
Intracranial hematomas are the most severe. Manifested by vomiting, loss of consciousness, blurred vision, bradycardia, increased blood pressure, psychomotor agitation with possible epileptic seizures.
Veterinarians Hematomas are often detected in animals. Clinical manifestations they are similar to human ones. Blood tumors in dogs appear as a consequence of fights, bites, broken paws and/or other injuries.
Diagnosis of hematomas
For superficial hemorrhages, no special diagnostic measures are required; the diagnosis is established after examination, palpation and history taking. Other forms require additional research. For subserous hematoma, for example, of the lungs, X-ray diagnostics will be needed.To determine the size and exact localization of an internal organ hematoma, it is necessary to ultrasonography(ultrasound). If the results obtained are not enough, then magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. One of them is mandatory for hemorrhages in any part of the brain.
In addition to MRI and CT, the diagnosis of intracranial hematomas includes x-ray of the skull in two projections and encephalography. In doubtful cases, a lumbar puncture followed by a study of the cerebrospinal fluid is indicated - cerebrospinal fluid.
Treatment of hematomas
The method of treatment depends on the location of the hematoma, its type and size. Minor subcutaneous hemorrhages go away without outside help. Treatment of the underlying disease will help get rid of pinpoint hematomas, which are its manifestation.Subcutaneous and intramuscular bruises can be removed by yourself. First aid for bruises– apply ice for no more than 10 minutes. This will help constrict blood vessels, prevent swelling and reduce the amount of blood that leaks. If the blow falls on a limb, a temporary tight bandage can be applied.
Treatment at home is already possible 1–2 days after the injury. For this, heparin ointment or another, for example, with bodyaga or hirudin, is suitable. External application up to 3 times during the day will speed up resorption.
Popular folk remedy for bruises - this is a compress of bodyaga. To do this, mix 2 tbsp. spoons of powder from it with 4 tbsp. spoons of water.
Hemorrhages in internal organs, and especially in different shells brain problems require mandatory consultation with a doctor. In case of subarachnoid, intraventricular and other bleeding in the brain, urgent hospitalization to neurosurgery is required, where they will provide bed rest and choose the optimal treatment method. Small volume hematomas not exceeding 40 ml are treated conservatively. For large hematomas that compress areas of the brain, surgery is necessary - craniotomy. IN similar cases In case of internal hematoma of an organ, urgent surgical intervention is also performed, in which the cavity with blood is opened and the latter is removed using aspiration.
An infected blood tumor is treated like all abscesses, postoperative - partial removal some sutures, separating the edges of the wound, opening the hematoma and removing blood from it.
Possible consequences and complications of different types of hematomas
Complications can be considered incomplete resorption of the hematoma with subsequent formation of a scar from connective tissue, infection, internal retroperitoneal bleeding, abscess, peritonitis.Retrochorial hematoma can lead to miscarriage, and cerebral hemorrhages can lead to consequences even after a successful procedure. surgical intervention.
