home Diseases What does MPV mean in a blood test? MPV: analysis transcript. What does it mean if the average platelet volume is low?

What does MPV mean in a blood test? MPV: analysis transcript. What does it mean if the average platelet volume is low?

The blood test is deciphered using 24 indicators, which allow you to get the most complete picture of a person’s health. Each of them can be higher or lower than normal (statistical average). Changes in indicators help make a preliminary diagnosis, and additional research confirms or refutes it. In any case, if any indicator is decreased or increased, this should alert the doctor and the patient. When studying platelets, 3 indices are distinguished:

MPV - Average volume. Indicates the usefulness of the cells, that is, how much on average the volume of a single cell corresponds to the statistical norm. This index does not reflect the quantitative characteristics of platelets;
PDW - Relative width of platelet distribution by volume. Indicates the number of platelets, both complete and those that have not completed their development;
PCT - Thrombocrit. A value that reflects the percentage of the volume of the total number of blood cells occupied by platelets.

Normal index values

The norms are calculated for each indicator in the blood test:

For MPV from 7 to 10 femtoliters;
For PDW from 15 to 17%;
For PCT from 0.108 to 0.282%.

Each index can be raised or lowered. The cause is various factors, including diseases. You need to know that various actions unrelated to ongoing diseases can lead to changes in each of these indicators and thus the blood test will contain deliberately false results.

How is blood drawn?

No special preparation is required; all you need to do is take a fasting blood test from the capillaries of your finger (usually the ring finger) or take material from a vein. Before this, you should not eat spicy, salty, pickled foods, smoked or dried foods. If possible, you should postpone taking medications and coordinate this step with your doctor in advance.

Fence venous blood allows for a clearer decoding, but for diagnosis it will be enough general analysis. If you need to retake the material, it is recommended to take the analysis at the same time of day as the primary one.

The material for studying platelet indicators immediately begins to be processed (modern automatic analyzers are more often used) and within 2 days you can get the finished result.

What affects indexes

An unreliable result when determining the average platelet volume, volume distribution width and thrombocrit may be higher or lower than normal when next steps the day before or immediately before collecting material for research:

Eating food in the morning before the blood test is taken;
Heavy physical labor both immediately before collecting material and during the day the day before;
Mental work that requires a lot of concentration;
Application of various medical supplies from the morning before handing over the material (especially when administered intramuscularly or intravenously);
X-ray irradiation;
Carrying out physical procedures before blood collection.

Not all deviations from normal values are pathology

It is possible to obtain a result that will be lowered or increased, and such a platelet value will not be considered significant deviation from the norm. More often, such deviations can be within 1-2% of normal values, but more significant changes are possible. Most often they occur in the following situations:

When collecting blood from young children due to incomplete maturation of the hematopoietic system;
After surgery;
IN recovery period after receiving numerous injuries;
The period before menstruation in women or immediately after its end;
After intense bleeding.

After each of these phenomena, the body intensively produces new platelets, which affects their average volume and other indicators of blood cells.

Pathological changes in indicators

Changes in indices indicate the presence of diseases of different nature in organism. To take correct measures to eliminate the cause, it is necessary to carry out the analysis several times during the treatment period. This will also allow an assessment of the quality of the prescribed therapy and the degree of disease progression.

Average platelet volume

MPV volume increased	Volume reduced
Thrombocytopenia (forced destruction of platelets)	Megakaryocytic hypoplasia
Diabetes	After a course of chemotherapy
Enlarged spleen	X-linked thrombocytopenia in the presence of microcytosis
Hypersplenism	Septic thrombocytopenia
Vascular atherosclerosis	Aplastic anemia
Thyroid disorders	Megaloblastic anemia
Increased myeloproliferative processes	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Bernard-Soulier dystrophy	Cirrhosis of the liver
May-Hegglin anomaly	Myelodysplastic syndrome
Uncontrolled drinking of alcoholic beverages	During radiation treatment
Tobacco abuse	Cytostatic therapy
After splenectomy	Splenomegaly
Development of infectious inflammation	Leukemia
Beginning of tumor formation	Malignant bone marrow tumor
Thalassemia	Infectious diseases (rubella, measles, influenza)
Posthemorrhagic anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus

The average platelet cell volume in the assay may be lower normal value when taking some medicines.

Width of platelet distribution by volume

Index increased	Index below normal
progressive inflammatory processes	Aplastic anemia
Malignant neoplasms	Leukemia
Anemia	Gaucher disease
Period after surgery	Niemann-Pick disease
Muscle strains	Myelodysplastic syndrome
Loss of large volume of blood	Metastasis of a malignant tumor to the bone marrow
Thrombocytosis of a tumor nature	Radiation sickness
Immune thrombocytopenia	Carrying out therapy with cytostatics
Thrombocytopathy	Immune thrombocytopenia
Diseases of myeloneoplastic nature	DIC syndrome
	Splenomegaly
	Hepatitis in chronic form

Thrombocrit

Index increased	Index reduction
Essential thrombocythemia	Aplastic anemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia	Splenomegaly
Inflammatory processes	Myelodysplastic syndrome
Subleukemic myelosis	Hemoblastoses
After splenectomy	Anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
Thrombocytosis in iron deficiency	Liver diseases
	The period of myelosuppression during radiation or cytostatic treatment

conclusions

Regardless of whether the values of platelet indices (MPV, PDW, PCT) are lower or higher, it is necessary to pay maximum attention to the changes and carry out all necessary research and additional tests. Suspected diseases can be refuted, but if the preliminary diagnosis is confirmed early start therapy will increase the chances of a full recovery and allow treatment to be carried out using the most gentle methods possible.

Blood consists of many enzymes and other components that not only help transport oxygen to organs and cells, but also perform certain functions. For example, with the help of leukocytes the body fights various viruses and infections. Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to other organs. Average platelet volume may indicate various diseases(anemia, diabetes, thrombocythemia, etc.).

Platelets are disc-shaped particles of cytoplasm that actively take part in blood clot formation, ensure the formation of blood clots and help restore the integrity of the membranes of damaged vessels and organs. In appearance, they resemble plates more than solid cells. Platelets do not have a nucleus. Plates form in the bone marrow. One third of the cells are located in the spleen, the remaining 2/3 parts are located in the general bloodstream.

The average platelet volume mpv is an indicator by which the maturity and viability of blood platelets is calculated. In general detailed analysis, it is abbreviated as –MPV. When a cell matures, it decreases significantly in size.

Analysis transcript

It is recommended to take the MPV test in the morning and preferably on an empty stomach. depend on the histogram, which shows how the blood plates are distributed. If the resulting graph is shifted to right side, this means that the plasma contains immature platelets of platelets in large quantities. Otherwise, the histogram will move to the left.

MPV performance standards

A low platelet count in the body is also undesirable, because it indicates that immature forms of platelets are present in large quantities in the blood. In addition, it is worth noting that MPV may be outside the normal range even with normal level blood platelets in the patient's blood.

Increased performance

As a rule, the level of MPV in the blood can increase as a result of the influence of certain factors:

Serous injuries.
Any operations.
In women, MPV may increase after heavy menstruation.
After taking hormonal or hematopoietic drugs.
and many other factors.

Some diseases can also cause an increase in MPV:

Thrombocytopenia.
Myeloid leukemia and others.

In addition, drinking alcohol also affects the decrease in the average platelet value!

Decreased performance

A decrease in MPV levels in adults and children may indicate such pathologies as:

Splenomegaly.
Anemia.
Oncological neoplasms (both benign and malignant).
Inflammatory and viral diseases.
Uremia.
Hyperthyroidism.
Autoimmune diseases.
Cirrhosis.
Taking certain vitamins or medications.

The child has elevated or reduced rate the average value of platelet volume may indicate formation various types anemia (for example) or internal bleeding. Therefore, you should not hesitate with treatment.

To summarize, we can say that this indicator will help specialists identify many diseases at the first initial stages development. It is thanks to a blood test for MPV that the disease can be identified and treated in time, without causing any complications or other problems to the patient’s health.

Regular delivery necessary tests allows blood to be carried out timely diagnosis, with the help of which the presence of a particular disease is detected. One of the main indicators is average platelet volume.

It is calculated using special equipment.

The result shows the level of blood clotting. In case of deviations, additional tests are prescribed, based on which the disease can be diagnosed.

Platelets carry out protective function body. They promote timely blood clotting. When a wound, ulcer or injury occurs on the human body, platelets form a blood clot, which helps stop bleeding. Thus, they prevent large blood loss and promote rapid tissue healing. Despite this, platelets are the smallest elements circulatory system.

Their appearance may vary in size and shape. In addition, the degree of cell maturity may vary. Almost 80% of the total cell volume is mature platelets. The rest are considered young or very old.

As cells mature, they decrease in size. The vital activity of each platelet has average duration from 8 to 11 days. The process of full ripening occurs in 8 days. The normal platelet volume is 200-400 thousand units per 1 μl of blood.

But even a healthy person may experience slight deviations from the norm. If you carry out diagnostics over the course of a year, you will notice that the indicators vary in one direction or another by about 10%.

Symptoms of increased platelets

As a rule, a person learns about the presence of abnormalities in platelet volume by accident. Treatment will be much more effective if the disease is detected as early as possible.

There are a number of symptoms, the presence of which may indicate abnormalities. If they are detected, you must visit a general practitioner who will send you for a blood test.

Pathological conditions Both an increase and a decrease in platelet volume are considered. A disease in which platelet volume is increased is called thrombocytosis. In this case, symptoms may be:

Frequent migraines;
High hemoglobin;
Formation of blood clots in veins and arteries;
Cyanosis of the mucous surfaces of the body;
Numbness of the limbs;
Blood pressure surges;
Vegetovascular dystonia;

Platelets carry blood clotting function. An increase in their volume provokes stagnation, which interferes with normal circulation blood if there is a risk of a blood clot.

With this pathology, a person begins to have problems with vascular system. To normalize the condition, blood thinning is necessary, which is achieved by taking special drugs. Thrombocytosis most often occurs in older people, but does not depend on gender.

Main reasons

The presence of thrombocytosis may indicate incipient or progressive diseases. First of all, pathology can be provoked by the presence in the body malignant tumors , the presence of diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, arthritis, liver failure, Kawasaki syndrome, etc.

The cause of platelet deviations from the norm may be inflammatory or infectious diseases. Thrombocytosis often develops against the background of diabetes mellitus. In some cases, the platelet average increases when exposed to drugs. These include some sympathomimetics, corticosteroids and drugs that have an antibacterial function. Also the reason may be hereditary factor occurrence of the disease.

Child's platelet count

After birth, each child is given a general blood test, which is used to calculate indicators such as the number of leukocytes, platelets, the Rh factor and other data. Increase in average volume platelets in the child’s body indicates the development of thrombocytosis. It may be primary, clonal or secondary.

The disease is characterized by the proliferation of areas of the bone marrow, the growth of platelets grows out of control. This may pose a health hazard. In some cases, an increase in indicators in children is considered a variant of the norm.

In a gentle childhood the work of the circulatory system is not fully coordinated. Therefore, there are deviations. If they exist, supervision by specialists is required. Sometimes an increase in platelets may disappear over time, and in other cases it results in a serious illness.

Thrombocytosis in an adult

After identifying increased amount platelets in an adult, it is necessary to undergo comprehensive examination to make an accurate diagnosis. In addition to a blood test, you need to take a urine test, consult a urologist and gynecologist, visit an ultrasound room, have a colonoscopy and consult a hematologist.

Everything needs to be calculated possible risks, because it is unknown which organ was affected by the deviation in platelet volume. Initial stages thrombocytosis do not require drug intervention. They are treatable traditional methods, changing lifestyle and giving up bad habits. In more serious cases, a course is required drug therapy . It is prescribed depending on concomitant diseases.

Treatment methods

If there is a slight increase in platelet volume, you should not immediately resort to medical methods treatment. In this case, an alternative solution may be to change your lifestyle, switch to or eat foods that can thin the blood. These include ginger, tomatoes, blueberries, cranberries, grapes, green tea etc. In this case, the habit of drinking at least two liters would also be appropriate. clean water daily. Consumption of such products like mangoes, pomegranates, bananas or legumes, must be excluded.

As medical supplies specifically targeted for the treatment of the disease, drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid . Medicines that can reduce the blood's ability to clot quickly are also prescribed.

Thanks to this, it decreases risk of blood clots, and blood begins to circulate freely through the circulatory system.

For successful treatment diseases caused by an increase in the average platelet volume, best option – Adoption preventive measures . It is necessary to control the volume of platelets in the body, regardless of age, gender and other factors. A healthy lifestyle, giving up bad habits and regular examination of all organs is the best solution for preventing the consequences that can lead to platelet volume deviation from the norm.

In a complete blood count, there is an indicator of the average platelet volume. They play one of important roles in our body.

Blood clotting directly depends on the volume of platelets; due to them, a blood clot can form and the integrity of the vessel can be restored. These are not cells, although everyone calls them that. They do not have a nucleus and are disc-shaped fragments of cytoplasm. Mpv appear in the bone marrow and 2 parts are located in the blood, and 1 part in the spleen.

Mpv indicator is an index value of platelets, which characterizes the maturation of blood platelets that live in the bloodstream for no more than ten days. The transcript of the analysis shows its designation as mpv. Aged cells become smaller, and the size of young cells increases.

Blood for mpv is collected from a finger or sometimes from a vein. There is no need to eat in the morning. IN modern medicine Hematological analyzers are used to decipher data. From the curved line pattern, you can understand how the platelets are distributed by size. In the presence of immature indicators, the histogram shifts to the right, and when old formations predominate in the blood, then to the left.

Average platelet rate

The platelet count is measured in femtoliters. For different ages she fluctuates 7.5-10 fl. Children under 3 years of age have indicators no higher than 8.9 fl. The size of this analysis increases with age and amounts to no more than 11 fl for an adult.

The importance of platelets in diagnosis

The total platelet index per unit of blood is not fully reflected in the characteristics of the analysis transcript.

Mpv shows the whole picture of the usefulness of the formations. Cells with “experience” have a reduced parameter, and young ones have an enlarged shape and a skeleton without structure. The volume of platelets determines the speed of movement, the ability to stick together and be filled with biologically active components.

Decoding the mpv data will give the specialist a complete picture of what is happening in the human bloodstream. This indicator is increased, then the blood has more young cells. This result is greatly increased, so it is more in the blood of immature organizations. With a reduced result, small formations are present in the bloodstream. But mpv is also increased or decreased if the indicators have normal blood discs.

If such an analysis is correctly deciphered, the following can be revealed:

platelet gluing occurs more intensely, so thrombosis develops in the body;
large cell shapes reflect blood loss in those people who suffer from anemia with iron deficiency;
the test cannot detect myeloproliferative disease.

Increased mpv level

Physiological indicators in which the platelet level is slightly increased:

multiple hematomas on the body;
surgical operations;
heavy periods;
the use of drugs that cause hematopoiesis;
internal and external blood loss;
blood loss in children.

When bleeding occurs in the body, then the level of platelets is increased.

Diseases in which mpv analysis It has increased performance:

Decreased platelet levels in the blood

When your analysis reveals a decrease in platelet volume, this indicates the following pathologies:

myocardial infarction;
diseases that exist at the genetic level;
inflammatory processes;
anemia;
splenomegaly;
hyperthyroidism;
auto diseases immune system;
cirrhosis of the liver;
oncological blood diseases;
use of certain drugs.

Pregnancy can also affect low level mpv. But when platelet counts are also low, this can lead to miscarriage or premature birth.

Medicines that can lower platelet volume levels:

As the level of platelets in the blood increases, the risk of blood clots increases. This may result in heart attack, thromboembolism and stroke. Those patients who have diabetes and hypertension are at high risk. To reduce the results, medications are prescribed that reduce the viscosity and density of blood flow in the vessels.

A decrease in test results indicates breakthrough bleeding. They are quite difficult to stop. In this case, on the contrary, drugs are used that increase the viscosity of platelet adhesion. Vitamins, chloride, iron-containing drugs, sodium ethamsylate and hemostatic sponge help stop bleeding.

If the bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped, transfusions of plasma taken from donors and platelet mass are prescribed. But when platelet antibodies are present in the body, such measures can increase bleeding even more.

Necessary Precautions

A small deviation in the average level of platelet formations can be an indicator of a common ARVI, and only a cold needs to be treated. You need to immediately contact a specialist who will help you choose the right ones. antiviral drugs And antibacterial agents, helping to cure the disease, and not lower platelet levels even further.

After being treated the necessary drugs, take the test again to check the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. Monitor your platelets periodically to proactively prevent diseases such as thromboembolism and heavy bleeding. If you suffer from hypertension, diabetes mellitus or have diseases thyroid gland this analysis needs to be done constantly.

Blood clotting is a basic process without which a person could not live. You are injured, small bodies rush to the blood to help and stop it, sticking together and closing the wall of the vessel. A blood clot forms and subsequently the blood flow stops completely.

People themselves can determine that their platelet levels are low if they experience occasional bruising, bleeding gums, and frequent nosebleeds. The analysis will help doctors determine more accurate diagnosis and prescribe exactly the treatment that suits you.

The human body may have inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as problems with bone marrow, this result will show all this. It is elevated, which means that your body also has hidden diseases.

Although there are standards for the number of platelets in cells, studies can vary significantly. Healthy representatives of the stronger sex and women have the same indicators.

At birth, infants have elevated levels, but after seven days they become similar to adult levels. There is less data in pregnant women; perhaps the blood volume increases, and the body cannot keep up with this formation. When test results change dramatically average norm, then this causes concern among specialists, and they prescribe additional examination.

The production of platelets in the bone marrow is constant. Unnecessary cells are processed in the spleen and liver. When an unexpected reason arises manufacturing process goes astray - this is reflected in the results of the analyzes performed. While the spent platelets are still functioning in the bloodstream, the spleen undergoes cell destruction too quickly and must be treated and restored to healthy levels.

Types of platelets

young;
mature;
degenerative;
old.

The analysis will not be complete without determining which form predominates. The average volume is normal, but the level of any form has moved away from the required parameters, which means there is a certain pathology in the body. In general, they are distributed as follows:

mature ones have 90%;
0.8% are young;
old cells 5.6%;
degenerative 0.2%;
forms of irritation 2.3%.

After reading our article, you should understand that constant monitoring of your health will help you see in time internal pathologies and, after consulting with a specialist, start correct treatment. Take only those pills prescribed by your doctor. Do not self-medicate. Love yourself, and the whole world will be at your feet, and painful old age will pass by your body.

Used to assess health status a large number of laboratory research, allowing, based on the results obtained, to determine the deviation of indicators from the norm. One of the important indicators in a blood test is the mean platelet volume or MPV. A normal platelet level indicates the correctness of the blood clotting process. Deciphering the results of the MPV blood test is important during the examination and allows the doctor to determine the disorders present in the body at the initial stages of development.

MPV or mean platelet volume is determined by performing a complete blood count. The difference from the value of the total number of platelets is that the value reflects not only a quantitative indicator, but also a qualitative one. Platelets - blood platelets, produced by the bone marrow and have a lifespan of less than a week. During this period, a full cycle of maturation of a living organism occurs.

Young cells have a round, spherical shape and are of impressive size.. Receptors located on the plasma membrane are activated instantly. During maturity, cells become less active, but do not cease to produce biological load. Thanks to this, MPV in blood testing makes it possible to diagnose a large number of diseases.

Significance this study based on the biological functioning of platelets. A deviation of the MPV value from the norm means that pathological disorders occur in the body, causing growth or decreased platelet synthesis. In the human body, platelets have three important functions:

prevent the process of blood loss when tissues and membranes are damaged, thanks to the ability to stick together and attach to the walls of blood vessels, which allows you to save a person from excessive blood loss and death;

have an effect on collagen synthesis, which is important for repairing tissue and cell damage;

have a strengthening effect on cell membranes, protecting them from the penetration of harmful viruses and bacteria.

The functions of platelets are of no small importance for the human body, and therefore it is recommended to conduct a blood test for MPV in adults once a year, and in children once every six months. The study will help determine the development of pathologies and disorders, as well as prescribe medications to restore lost functions. A disease detected in the initial stages of development is much more treatable.

MPV norm

For healthy people normal MPV is 7.5-11 fl. For blood testing, a histogram is used, which displays quantitative and qualitative values indicators. Based on the data of the obtained curve, it is possible to determine the content of young cells and those already ready to die. Norms percentage have the following values: mature cells - 90% of all platelets, old - 5-6%, newly formed - 0.5-0.8%, degenerative - less than 0.2%.

In childhood, the norms for the average platelet volume have different meanings and range from 6.8 to 11.5 fl. The reason for this variation is based on the incomplete maturation of the child’s body. This fact is taken into account when testing blood, since in childhood MPV deviation is rarely detected and occurs only with the development of pathologies. When a child reaches the age of 1 year, the indicators take on similar values as adults, while gender does not matter.

During pregnancy, minor deviations from the norm are acceptable. This is due to the fact that a woman’s body adapts to the process of bearing a fetus. In most cases, pregnant women are characterized by an increase in the number of platelets. The reason for the increase is that for proper maturation of the fetus, the formation of an additional circulatory system is required to meet the needs of the child.

The circulatory system of a pregnant woman begins to intensively synthesize not only platelets, but also other cells.

During pregnancy, blood tests should be systematic, since a lack of platelets increases the risk of spontaneous abortion and prematurity, and unnecessarily thick blood may lead to the development pathological disorders fetus and complications of the birth process. The study must be deciphered by a doctor, since only certain knowledge in the field of medicine will allow one to determine the cause of the deviation and the degree of danger to the fetus.

Reasons for the decrease in MPV

Results when MPV is below normal can be observed if the study shows a normal platelet count and the average platelet volume is low. This manifests itself when there is an impressive excess of old cells over young ones. This result, obtained when deciphering the analysis, indicates the development of a serious disease - thrombocytopenia. Main danger pathology is that extensive bleeding is possible due to the low ability of blood to clot.

Thrombocytopenia may be hereditary, be a sign of pathologies of the blood and other systems, or a consequence of taking certain medications. In the process of pathology development, three main points are distinguished:

Reduced production of young cells or its cessation. Violation of synthesis is possible with diseases of the liver, thyroid gland, anemia, severe intoxication of the body as a result of drinking alcohol and other toxic substances.
The process of destruction of platelets exceeds their synthesis - this is possible in some diseases of the immune system, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, due to blood transfusion.
Impaired platelet distribution - the cause may be tuberculosis or hepatitis.

Characteristic symptoms with a decrease in MPV are: a large number of blood accumulations under the skin, often located on outer surface arms and legs, abdomen, chest; recurring nosebleeds; long and heavy menstruation; hemorrhages in the retina of the eyes. Symptoms characteristic of low MPV are caused by impaired blood coagulation (clotting) and increased permeability of the vascular walls.

What causes the increase in MPV

If, when deciphering the study results, the average platelet volume is increased relative to the norm, then such a deviation indicates thrombocytosis. This disorder is characterized by a significant increase in the number of platelets and is more than 400 * 10 9 / l. Thrombocytosis can cause serious illnesses associated with increased blood clot formation. In practice, there are two types of thrombocytosis: relative - the content exceeds the norm by 100-200 thousand units and critical - in which an increase in the indicator is determined by two or more times.

A significant increase in MPV can be caused by for various reasons. When determining a deviation, it is necessary to conduct a thorough additional examination and identify the cause of thrombocytosis. Laboratory research techniques make it possible to determine not only the increase quantitative indicator platelets, but also the predominance of each type. This is important in diagnosis pathological processes and diseases.

For example, the number of young cells increases after surgery or indicates internal bleeding or prolonged blood loss . The growth of old cells is a sign of cancer. Degenerative types increase when hematopoiesis is impaired. Thrombocytosis usually occurs along with such conditions as: exacerbation of diseases digestive tract, intestines and musculoskeletal system, blood diseases, surgical interventions, oncological diseases.

A blood test for MPV is an important indicator in the diagnosis of pathological processes and assessment general condition body. Thanks to the study over time, it is possible to determine the effectiveness of the therapy used. In order to prevent an increase or decrease in the indicator relative to the norm, it is necessary to adhere to healthy image life, observe the work and rest regime.