home Audience 3 Streptoderma in children on the lips. Diagnosis, relapse, complications and prevention of streptoderma in children and adults - video. Systemic antibiotic therapy for streptoderma

Streptoderma in children on the lips. Diagnosis, relapse, complications and prevention of streptoderma in children and adults - video. Systemic antibiotic therapy for streptoderma

Skin problems can be encountered at any age. In children, streptoderma is considered the most common dermatological disease.

According to medical statistics, it is diagnosed in every fiftieth child.

How often do adults get sick, how dangerous is this disease and how is it treated?

Streptoderma - what is it?

Streptoderma is called extensive lesions of the skin of a purulent-inflammatory nature. Spots of various sizes first appear on the skin, then wounds that do not heal for a long time.

Various forms of skin pathology are caused by exposure to streptococci.

These representatives are conditionally pathogenic microflora live in the body of almost every person - in the respiratory system, on the skin, in gastrointestinal tract, on mucous membranes.

Usually bacteria from the Streptococcus family are not dangerous, their "behavior" is controlled by the immune system. But under certain conditions, microorganisms are activated and provoke various diseases.

The causative agent of streptoderma is one of group A streptococci - hemolytic.

It can also cause the development of:

L01 - streptoderma has this code according to ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases). The disease occurs in the presence of a pathogen - streptococcus and damaged skin.

When the skin is healthy, the pathogen does not cause harm. But any damage allows bacteria to actively multiply and provoke inflammatory processes.

The danger comes from abrasions, scratches, cuts, scratching with allergies and insect bites, other skin damage, even externally invisible microtraumas.

Why are children especially susceptible to streptoderma? The fact is that they have not yet formed sufficient protective functions skin.

And the kids are not yet accustomed to the rules of basic hygiene. As a result, streptoderma is the most common dermatological problem among them.

The main causes of skin disease development are considered to be:

Streptoderma can be primary - when the pathogen enters the body through damaged skin, and secondary - streptococcal infection joins another disease that is already progressing (herpes, eczema, chickenpox).

About the causes of occurrence, routes of transmission, incubation period and places of localization of streptoderma in the following video:

Contagious or not and how it is transmitted to others

There are not so many ways of transmitting streptoderma:

Contact - direct close communication with the sick person through hugs and kisses, joint games.
Contact and household- Infection occurs through the use of common utensils, clothes, toys, linen with the patient.
Airborne- an extremely rare route of infection, when the pathogen enters the skin when a sick person coughs or sneezes.

In the case when streptoderma occurs as a result of infection from a patient, the disease develops more actively and aggressively, proceeds more severely and lasts longer.

The disease often takes the form of an epidemic - when the sick person infects other children in a group, class, hobby group or sports section.

The duration of the incubation period is different - from 2 to 10 days, depending on the condition immune system.

Infection with streptoderma is possible only from a sick person. Animals are also susceptible to this disease (especially cats), but they can only infect their fellows.

Photo: what the disease looks like when it starts

Symptoms and signs

How to determine that the patient has streptoderma, and not some other skin disease?

Usually, signs of the disease appear a week after infection, when the incubation period ends. On initial stage Disease symptoms can be general and specific.

Of the common symptoms inherent in many infections, it is worth noting the appearance in the patient:

high temperature - from 38°C and above;
pain in joints and muscles;
nausea and vomiting;
inflamed lymph nodes.

Both adults and children infected with streptoderma experience a general deterioration in their health. This manifests itself in the form of weakness, lethargy, sleep disturbances and lack of appetite.

Characteristic signs characteristic of this particular disease help to diagnose streptoderma:

the skin turns red and peels in different places;
then so-called conflicts appear in these areas - bubbles with transparent liquid contents;
these formations actively grow, sometimes reaching 3 cm, conflicts can even form a continuous surface on some part of the body;
mature blisters begin to burst, and ulcers with jagged edges form in their place;
these erosions dry out within a day, becoming covered with crusts that will soon fall off.

All this time, the patient experiences severe itching in the affected areas. But under no circumstances should you scratch the sores, otherwise the infection will spread throughout the body.

Each type of streptoderma has its own characteristics. For example, superficial impetigo affects the skin around the nail plate, and with slit-like impetigo, “jams” form in the corners of the mouth. We wrote about the causes and treatment of sticking in the corners of the lips.

How long does streptoderma last? If you follow all the doctor’s instructions, you can cope with the disease within a week. In the absence of proper treatment, the process will drag on for a long time.

The video will tell you about the symptoms and signs of streptoderma:

The names “streptoderma” and “streptococcal pyoderma” refer to the same disease.

More precisely, streptoderma is one of the varieties of pyoderma - a large group of dermatological purulent diseases. Read more about what pyoderma is and how to treat it.

The classification of the disease is based on different signs and manifestations. Considering the depth of damage to the skin, the disease is divided into:

Superficial (impetigo)– when the skin is not deeply affected, at the level of the epidermis. Read about treatments for impetigo.
Deep (ecthyma)– the lesion penetrates into the germinal layer of the dermis and even deeper.

Depending on how common the rash is, streptoderma is divided into:

focal or local(with single formations);
diffuse – when extensive skin lesions are diagnosed.

Considering how the infection proceeds, it is divided into acute and chronic. Analyzing the nature of the lesions, streptoderma is classified as ulcerative (weeping) or dry.

Depending on the nature of the rash, streptoderma is divided into the following types:

Diagnostics

An experienced doctor will be able to diagnose streptoderma based on external signs and by examining the patient. It is important to distinguish the infection from other diseases with similar initial symptoms.

In cases where doubts arise and it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis with laboratory tests, the following may be prescribed:

blood tests - general, biochemical, sometimes for HIV infection;
urine test (general);
bacteriological culture of liquid from affected areas to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to various antibiotics;
examination of stool for the presence of worm eggs.

The decision on the need for such tests is made by the attending physician. It is better to undergo additional examinations to make a correct diagnosis and begin adequate treatment.

Not even every doctor will be able to diagnose from the first examination correct diagnosis and differentiate streptoderma from other diseases.

The problem is that this infection is very "many-sided", it has many varieties that are localized on different parts bodies.

Parents can all the more easily confuse manifestations of streptococcal pyoderma with other infectious and dermatological diseases - herpes, chickenpox, eczema, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergies.

General symptoms are similar in many diseases, but each of them has special, characteristic signs, according to which the diagnosis is made.

In skin diseases, the main symptom is rashes, which differ in their location and appearance:

Such nuances distinguish streptoderma from other, at first glance, similar diseases. But only an experienced doctor can correctly differentiate the infection.

Prevention

General preventive measures to prevent infection with streptoderma come down to following simple rules:

Streptoderma is a contagious disease, sick people should be urgently isolated from the team. Anyone who has been in contact with the patient is subject to a 10-day quarantine.

Family members should take precautions, disinfect rooms more often, wash their hands. The patient needs to be provided with separate dishes, bedding and towels.

Streptoderma is a human skin disease of inflammatory etiology caused by streptococcus bacteria. Depending on the location and depth of penetration of pathogenic microflora into the layers of the skin, different kinds and types of streptoderma.

Children are most susceptible to the disease: streptoderma occurs more often in children than in adults due to developing skin immunity, increased amount small skin lesions and the impossibility of complying with all hygiene rules, preventing the onset of streptoderma. How to treat streptoderma in children depends on the age of the child and the characteristics of the clinical picture of the disease.

Streptococcus: the microorganism that causes streptoderma

Streptococci are opportunistic bacteria present on the skin of every person. They are identified during analyzes intestinal microflora, scrapings from mucous surfaces, samples from inner surface respiratory tract. The sizes of microorganisms are so small that they can only be seen in photographs of streptococci taken with multiple magnification through microscopes. However, the prevalence of bacteria and statistical data suggest that every person is familiar with streptococcal infection, and some people may be constant latent carriers that spread pathogenic organisms.

Streptococci are bacteria that survive well outside human body: The viability period lasts for months, and infection is possible through contact with household items. During disinfection, these microorganisms die within 7-15 minutes, depending on the concentration of the solution; at a temperature of 60°C, neutralization begins after 15 minutes; at boiling temperatures and above - instantly.

Streptococci are almost universal microorganisms that can cause not only streptoderma of various types, but are also responsible for the development of scarlet fever, streptococcal sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia bacterial etiology, bronchitis, meningitis, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, erysipelas of the skin, lymphadenitis, contribute to the development of abscesses, etc.

Often, with streptoderma and abscesses, treatment is complicated by the addition of an additional microorganism - staphylococcus, which is also present on the skin and in the human body.

Skin injuries as a factor in the development of streptoderma

Normally, streptococci live on the surface of the skin without causing harm to humans. Local skin immunity allows you to maintain a balance between beneficial and opportunistic microflora, preventing microorganisms from destroying the layers of the epithelium. However, to begin rapid reproduction and the inflammatory process, it is enough for them to penetrate into the layers of the skin through a scratch, crack, cut, or scratching the site of an insect bite. In this case, injury to the epithelium can be microscopic and invisible to the eye. The phenomenon of streptoderma in the nose is one of the common manifestations of streptoderma disease in children who are prone to exploring the nasal passages with their fingers. Streptococci that inhabit the skin or mucous membranes are activated in the slightest scratches of the mucous membranes left by children's nails.

The “entry gate” for infection can also be damage to the skin that is not associated with mechanical trauma: manifestations of an allergic reaction, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, skin rash in case of chickenpox, etc.

How does streptoderma begin?

The causative agent of streptoderma can be present everywhere, and the likelihood of developing the disease largely depends on the child’s immunity and the number of pathogenic organisms existing on his skin or coming into contact with it.
Sources of streptococcal bacteria:

the skin of the child himself, a carrier of streptococci;
household items: dishes, furniture, toys, bed linen, towels, etc.;
another child or adult, a healthy carrier of bacteria;
a patient with diseases caused by streptococci: streptoderma, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia of streptococcal etiology, as well as scarlet fever. In this case, the development of streptoderma is more likely, since contact occurs with aggressive bacteria that have multiplied in favorable conditions and require less time to activate.

Streptoderma in children's institutions can occur as an epidemic outbreak, when a sick child is the source of infection and spreads pathogens. The latent incubation period for this disease ranges from 2 to 10 days.

How is the transmission of infection with streptoderma and other diseases caused by streptococci? The infection can be transmitted in the following ways:

contact path: when touching, skin-to-skin contact of a sick or carrier and a healthy person, with joint games of children, kisses of adults, etc .;
contact-household spread of streptococcal infection occurs when using the same household items: dishes, toys, books, towels, etc.;
the most rare is the airborne method of transmission of infection, when streptococcus moves from a sick person or carrier during coughing, sneezing to the area of \u200b\u200bdamaged skin.

Causes of relapses and complications in the treatment of streptoderma

In some cases, streptoderma in children lasts a long time. It is difficult to treat streptoderma that occurs with relapses. This occurs in the absence of therapy, as well as in cases where the patient's body cannot independently resist the pathogen due to the following reasons:

the child has diseases that damage the skin: allergic, atopic dermatitis, pediculosis, scabies or a tendency to comb bites, wounds, picking crusts, etc .;
with a general decrease in immunity against the background of chronic or frequent illnesses, anemia, helminthiasis, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity with slit-like streptoderma (“zaede”), with prematurity, malnutrition and other factors that inhibit the development of the immune system or reduce its protective functions;
streptoderma in the nasal passages and ears is difficult to cure in the presence of otitis, rhinitis, accompanied by secretions that irritate the mucous membranes and skin and promote the growth of bacteria;
under unfavorable living conditions: poor hygiene, as well as exposure to low or high temperatures, contributing to damage to the epidermis, sunburn, constant or prolonged contact of the damaged surface with liquids, water (during bathing, rare diaper changes, etc.);
the addition of a secondary infection, staphylococcus, causes streptostaphyloderma, vulgar impetigo, requiring complex therapy, directed against two pathogens.

CTreptoderma in children: forms and symptoms

Depending on the form of the disease, streptoderma in children can cause temporary discomfort or occur with severe symptoms. IN severe forms The following clinical picture of streptoderma is observed:

the child’s body temperature rises to febrile levels;
symptoms of general intoxication of the body are observed: headaches, muscle, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite;
local lymph nodes enlarge and may be painful on palpation;
Blood tests reveal a characteristic picture of the inflammatory process.

The disease normally, with appropriate therapy, lasts from 3 days to two weeks, ending with recovery. Symptoms of streptoderma, period acute stage depends on the form of streptoderma, the localization of inflammation, its depth and severity, as well as individual characteristics body to resist infection.
Depending on the location of development of the inflammatory process, the depth of penetration of the pathogen into the skin and the severity of the disease, several forms of streptoderma are distinguished. All of them belong to streptoderma, but have different names.

Streptococcal impetigo

Among all forms of streptoderma, this is the most common. It includes streptoderma, which develops in the nasal passages, as well as small local skin lesions located on the front of the head, hands, feet and others. open areas baby's skin.

This form of streptoderma is a superficial lesion of the skin, in which the initial development of the disease is resisted by the mechanism of local immunity, which limits the inflammatory process. It proceeds in accordance with the following stages of the disease:

on an apparently calm area of skin, a phlyctena forms - a dense bubble with transparent or cloudy contents with a diameter of up to 3 mm, redness appears around it;
at the next stage, the phlyctena bubble spontaneously opens or falls off, a light yellow crust forms at the site of the lesion (drying out or weeping “sores” on the face);
the crust separates, leaving spots of dark pink or pinkish-bluish color, which subsequently disappear.

Each individual site of inflammation from onset to healing lasts for 5-7 days. If therapy is started at the first stage of the appearance of a vesicle, in most cases the infection affects the skin as a single infection. However, if you do not pay attention to the manifestation of streptoderma, the pathogen spreads throughout the body during touching, bathing, drying with a towel or sleeping, which causes multiple lesions. Such an illness can last from a month or longer, causing a decrease in the child’s general immunity and contributing to the spread of infection in the family and children’s groups.

Slit impetigo

This form of streptoderma is better known as popular name"jams": narrow strip inflamed skin in the form of a gap, most often occurring in the corners of the lips, less often in the lateral folds of the eyelids and wings of the nose.

At the beginning of the disease, a conflict is formed, as a rule, a single one. The disease in most cases is limited to one area of the skin, causing itching, soreness, discomfort, and goes away on its own or with minor local therapy.

However, with reduced immunity or the presence of inflammatory processes near the site of development of streptoderma (oral candidiasis, caries, gingivitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, etc.), the disease can develop into a chronic, sluggish stage, difficult to cure.

Nail felon

Streptococcal inflammation of the skin around the nails develops when the pathogen gets into the wounds, most often due to hangnails or injury to the cuticle. Streptococcus can penetrate both from the surface of the skin around it and through contact of the injured area with the environment or during the process of scratching existing streptoderma-impetigo.

Panaritium is expressed in redness, swelling, soreness of the skin around the nail fold, the formation of phlegmon, and erosive changes. Without treatment, it can lead to loss of the nail plate, spread of the pathogen through the bloodstream to other organs, and cause meningitis.

Streptococcal diaper rash

They usually occur in young children. They develop when a streptococcal infection joins a skin lesion at the site of diaper rash, manifestations of dermatitis, and allergies. The manifestation of this form of streptoderma is observed with high frequency during ears, in the inguinal skin folds, axillary folds.

Secondary damage to damaged skin by streptococci leads to the merging of erosions, pain in the skin area, and a long course that is difficult to treat. Treatment is carried out against the background of therapy for the underlying disease.

Dry form of streptoderma or erymatosquamous

Most often, erymatosquamous streptoderma occurs on the face, sometimes on the limbs or torso. Weeping elements characteristic of other types of streptoderma are absent; the disease is expressed in the appearance of pink or reddish spots of uneven round shape with a surface of flaking whitish particles of the epidermis.
This is one of the least active forms of all types of streptoderma in spreading throughout the body, and does not cause much discomfort during its course. However high level contagiousness requires both treatment and isolation of sick children.

Bullous impetigo

This form differs both in appearance and in the more severe course of the disease. Most often, the hands, feet and legs; at the initial stage, large serous purulent blisters are formed, soft to the touch, with pronounced inflammation around. They tend to develop slowly. After spontaneous opening of purulent blisters, areas of open erosion are formed.

There may be a sharp deterioration in health, febrile temperature (from 38°C), an increase in local lymph nodes, signs of intoxication of the body.

Ecthyma vulgaris

Refers to the most severe forms of streptoderma. Streptococci affect the deep layers of the epidermis. The tissue becomes necrotic and ulcers form. Typical localization is the buttocks, lower extremities with possible exceptions.

Factors contributing to the development of vulgar ecthyma are a decrease in the body's resistance after ARVI, influenza, chickenpox, measles, intestinal infections, as well as hypovitaminosis, systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus of all types, diseases of the hematopoietic system, endocrinological pathologies).
It proceeds severely, requires complex therapy.

Diagnosis of streptoderma

Diagnostic measures for streptoderma may be limited to anamnesis and visual examination by a pediatrician or dermatologist. In some cases, additional examinations may be prescribed to clarify the diagnosis, the presence of a primary disease and the composition of pathogenic microflora:

laboratory analysis of blood parameters (general, biochemical);
general indicators of urine analysis;
analysis of feces for helminth eggs;
sometimes they may prescribe an analysis for the Wasserman reaction, the presence of immunodeficiency states of viral etiology.

Streptodermain children: types of treatment

All forms of streptoderma, even mild ones, must be accompanied by treatment, since the disease is highly contagious to others, without treatment it can affect large areas of the skin and lead to the development of severe complications.

The importance of hygiene in the treatment of streptoderma

Streptoderma is a disease in the treatment of which the hygiene factor plays a role. important role both in preventing its development and in spreading the pathogen to others. Treatment of streptoderma without observing hygiene rules may not have therapeutic effect and lead to a protracted form of the disease.
Hygiene rules for all forms of streptoderma:

Avoid wetting the affected area of skin; do not bathe the child for 3-5 days, limiting yourself to washing individual parts of the body (legs, genitals) if there are no inflamed areas. Use wet wipes, towels, etc.;
if there is skin itching, try to avoid scratching or touching the affected area; it is possible to use antihistamines;
use an individual towel and dishes for the patient, wash and wash them frequently;
All minor injuries and scratches on the skin should be regularly treated with antiseptic preparations;
carry out regular hygienic cleaning of the premises, remove soft toys, wash and iron bedding frequently.

Streptoderma: home treatment with antiseptic preparations

For local treatment For streptoderma in children, antiseptic solutions and ointments are used at home. They need to wipe the areas of inflammation. But in some cases it is necessary to open the bladder and treat the affected area antibacterial agent. This should only be done by a medical professional.

Streptoderma can be treated with the following antiseptics:

hydrogen peroxide solution;
fucorcin;
salicyl alcohol;
furatsilin;
brilliant green (“zelenka”).

The products are used to treat the affected area and the skin around it 2 to 4 times a day. Zinc ointment can be used as a drying and disinfectant. To enhance the effect, it is possible to apply decoctions chamomile, oak bark, succession of flowers.

Antibiotics for streptoderma

Antibiotic drugs are used in the treatment of the disease in forms that have local and systemic effects. How to treat streptoderma in children with antibacterial drugs is determined by a specialist.

Medicines from the group of antibiotics used for streptoderma can be either monocomponent, with one active ingredient, or combined. TO combination drugs, used in the treatment of various forms of streptoderma, include local medicines(creams, ointments) with a combination of antibacterial and hormonal therapy.

Systemic antibiotic therapy for streptoderma

Penicillins are considered to be the first choice antibiotics in the treatment of various forms of streptoderma. In some cases, it is possible and appropriate to replace medications penicillin series to the cephalosporin group or macrolides.
When is penicillin not prescribed to children for the treatment of streptoderma?

if the child has an individual intolerance to medications of this group, allergic reactions to previously taken penicillins or cross-allergens to it;
if there is a recent history of a disease for which penicillin antibiotics were used;
if tests for microflora resistance reveal high resistance pathogenic microorganisms penicillin.

Streptodermaand similar diseases

There are a number of diseases with skin manifestations that are different stages developments may look similar to streptoderma. Most of the coincidences occur in the first stage of vesicle formation, however, there are disease variants similar to any stage of development of streptoderma. It is for this reason that diagnosis and choice of treatment method should be carried out by a specialist.

Pyoderma

Pyoderma refers to a group of all purulent inflammation skin, all forms of streptoderma are included in this group. However, unlike other pyoderma, with streptoderma the primary stage is more similar to the manifestation of a viral rather than a bacterial infection. Thus, other pyoderma of bacterial etiology differs from streptoderma in the turbidity of the secreted and distinctive forms of the inflammatory process.

Herpetic rashes

Manifestations of human herpes virus activity on the lips are often confused with streptococcal infection. When differentiating, you should pay attention to three main differences:

herpes rashes are localized on an intact area of the skin; all forms of streptoderma require skin trauma to develop;
stages of development of streptoderma proceed faster, the bubbles fall off or open within much more short term than with herpetic infection;
with herpes, skin itching precedes the onset of rashes; with streptoderma, itching occurs only in the presence of skin manifestations.

Thrush or candidiasis

Candidiasis oral cavity can spread to the corners of the lips and form cracks in the skin. Differentiation from pyoderma is carried out by the presence of characteristic white dotted rashes on the internal mucosa of the oral cavity, white plaque, ulcerated mucosal surface underneath.

Manifestations of allergies

Some children may experience a non-classical manifestation of a skin rash of allergic etiology in the form of small blisters with transparent contents. In particular, photodermatosis, an “allergy” to solar radiation, which can manifest itself in infants early stage looks like one of the forms of pyoderma.

To differentiate, you need to gently press the rash element with your finger. If the rash is allergic in nature, the skin around the inflammation will lose its pink or red color. With streptoderma, the color remains unchanged after pressure.

Chickenpox

Sometimes the debut of chickenpox can be mistaken for the first stage of streptococcal inflammation of the skin: chickenpox, as a rule, begins to appear first on the skin of the face, a characteristic place for banal impetigo. The rapid development of infection with chickenpox contributes to a fairly short-term differentiation from skin inflammation. If necessary, in both cases you can use a local antiseptic, zinc ointment until an accurate diagnosis is established.

Prevention of pyoderma caused by streptococcus

Streptococcal infections cannot be prevented; the prevalence of this pathogenic microorganism is too high. However, it is possible to increase the body's resistance to contact with streptococci and reduce the likelihood of contact with active agents.

To enhance immune defense The child must first of all pay attention to the observance of sleep, rest and play, walks, study, as well as to the completeness of the diet, rich in vitamins and minerals. WITH early age it is necessary to instill hygiene rules, wash hands, use personal utensils, towels, etc. Sports activities, physical education, swimming, hardening and sunbathing also have a beneficial effect on both general and local skin immunity of the child, increasing its resistance to streptococci.

After diagnosing the disease, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the likelihood of streptoderma in family members in contact with the child. Are common hygiene measures and rules (cleaning, frequent change of clothes, bed linen, seizure soft toys, blankets from the patient's room, individual dishes and a towel) will help not only maintain the health of relatives, but also avoid a long course and recurrence of pyoderma.

In order to prevent an epidemic outbreak of streptococcal infection in preschool and educational institutions, sick children are isolated from the team for the duration of treatment, all children who have been in contact with the patient are quarantined for 10 days (the maximum incubation period of the disease).

Streptoderma is a skin lesion caused by streptococci ( pathogens common in environment). Streptococci affect mostly smooth skin, unlike staphylococci that multiply in hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. As a result of the pathogenic action of streptococci, special primary elements are formed on the surface of the skin - conflicts, which are flaccid blisters with transparent contents that tend to gradually increase.

Causes of the disease

As we have already said, streptococci (S. pyogenes) are the direct cause of streptoderma. These microorganisms secrete hyaluronic acid and extracellular toxins that increase capillary permeability in the lesion. At the same time, the liquid part of the blood - plasma - comes out of the vessels, which leads to the formation of edema, and then the formation of filled inflammatory fluid bubbles.

For the disease to occur, it is necessary additional conditions. People with thin, delicate skin - women and children - get sick more often.

The causes of streptoderma associated with the state of the human body:

scratching the skin for itchy dermatoses (for example, neurodermatitis or scabies);
damage to the skin epithelium caused by discharge from the nose (with rhinitis), ear (with otitis media);
decreased body resistance due to exhaustion, chronic alcoholism, immunodeficiency, severe diseases of the digestive system with impaired absorption of nutrients;
poor care for young children.

Is streptoderma contagious or not? Numerous studies have proven the ability of the disease to be transmitted from one person to another through everyday contact. However, a newly infected person will only get sick if he has the prerequisites listed above.

Clinical varieties

Streptoderma is manifested by the formation of a superficial element with a flaccid cap, filled with serous contents, located on reddened, swollen skin.

The initial stage of the disease is a small red spot, on which within a few hours a bubble with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm appears. It is called "phlytena" and can sometimes form on intact skin. At first, the vesicle is tense, but very quickly becomes flabby, its contents turn from transparent to cloudy, that is, from serous to purulent. Sometimes bloody (hemorrhagic) contents appear inside the blisters.

Gradually, the elements dry out to form a gray crust, which disappears on its own. After this, a small amount remains on the skin pink spot, which gradually disappears. No scars are formed. Usually there is intact skin between the conflicts, but sometimes they begin to grow along the periphery and merge. This is how ring-shaped impetigo is formed.

The illness lasts about a month. Phlyctens are located mainly on the face, limbs and lateral surfaces of the body. The disease can spread quickly in children's team, which is why it is also called “contagious”, that is, highly contagious, impetigo. Contagious impetigo is transmitted from child to child by touching during games, using the same towel, the same toys and other objects.

Other forms that this skin disease can take:

Bullous impetigo

With bullous impetigo, multiple blisters up to 3 cm in size are formed, located mainly on the back of the hands, less often on the dorsum of the foot and the skin of the legs. After opening the bullae (bubbles), an eroded surface remains, which gradually increases. This is often how chronic streptoderma is formed.

Diffuse chronic streptoderma affects large areas of the skin, mainly on the legs. The lesion has a large scalloped shape and is well delimited from the surrounding tissue by a rim of exfoliating epidermis. The skin at the site of infection is reddened, with a bluish tint, and covered with many yellow crusts. After removing the crusts, a weeping surface remains with a viscous, thick discharge of a serous or serous-purulent nature. The lesion gradually enlarges, and bubbles appear around it. After the inflammation subsides, the erosion becomes covered with numerous scales, and the weeping stops until the next exacerbation.

With long-existing lesions, it gradually joins with the appearance of microerosions that release droplets of colorless liquid. Chronic streptoderma develops against the background of tissue nutritional disorders, for example, with varicose veins veins lower limbs or diabetes. It often surrounds trophic ulcers. Risk factors for its development include hypothermia of the extremities and long stay on foot.

Bullous impetigo

Streptococcal cheilitis

What does slit impetigo (streptococcal cheilitis) look like? This is a bubble located in the corner of the mouth. It opens quickly and is popularly called “zaeda”. Its other name is angular stomatitis. The skin near the sides of the nose and the outer corners of the eyes may also be affected.

First, bubbles appear on the lips, in their corners, after opening which small cracks remain, covered with yellow crusts. These crusts quickly fall off due to the constant moisture, which the patient himself maintains by licking the corners of his mouth. The disease is accompanied by itching, pain when opening the mouth and chewing, and salivation. The following conditions predispose to its appearance:

caries;
rhinitis and conjunctivitis;
the habit of licking lips in children;
the presence of dentures in the elderly;
lack of B vitamins.

Slit-like impetigo is transmitted by kissing, sharing dishes or towels. Often the disease affects members of the same family.

Streptococcal cheilitis

Lichen simplex is streptoderma drya. The disease affects children. On the skin around the mouth, cheeks, lower jaw spots of round or oval shape, white or Pink colour having clear boundaries and covered with numerous scales. Sometimes they itch a little. Under the influence of sunlight, the symptoms of streptoderma often disappear, but the areas of the skin under the lesions tan more weakly, which is manifested by uneven coloring of the skin.

Lichen simplex occurs mainly in spring or autumn, and epidemic outbreaks may occur in children's groups.

Superficial panaritium, or tourniol, is a form of streptoderma that occurs mainly in adults. With hangnails, finger injuries, careless manicure, conflicts with light and then purulent contents appear around the nail plate. The nail phalanx swells, turns red, and becomes painful. After opening the bubble, erosion remains, covering the nail in the form of a horseshoe. Sometimes the nail plate is rejected. IN severe cases signs of impetigo nail folds include lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, fever, chills, deterioration of health.

Intertriginous streptoderma is also called streptococcal diaper rash. It occurs in skin folds with high humidity - under the mammary glands, in the inguinal and axillary folds, behind the ears, between the buttocks, in the folds of skin on the abdomen. The disease mainly affects children and overweight people.

Multiple small conflicts in these areas quickly open up and form continuous eroded, wet surfaces of bright pink color, surrounded by exfoliating epidermis. Painful cracks form in the depths of the skin folds, and around there are screenings of blisters at different stages of development. It can be complicated by the addition of a fungal infection and is accompanied by severe pain and itching. In this case, the disease is called seborrheic streptoderma.

Ecthyma vulgaris

Common can be caused by both streptococci and their association with staphylococci. The disease is manifested by the formation of a small bubble, sometimes around hair follicle(which is typical for a staphylococcal skin infection), which quickly dries and turns into a soft golden crust. This crust is multi-layered, after its removal a deep ulcer is formed, its bottom bleeds, the edges are soft, swollen, there is gray plaque. Reddened skin is visible around the ulcer.

Ulcers with ecthyma are localized mainly on the legs, but can also occur on the thighs, buttocks, lumbar region. This is practically the only form of streptoderma that has negative cosmetic consequences. The ulcers are moderately painful and heal within 2-3 weeks to form a scar surrounded by pigmented skin.

Complications

How dangerous is streptoderma? In cases of reduced immunity or severe cases, complications of the disease are possible. These include:

scarlet fever;
entry of streptococci into the blood with the development of foci in distant organs.

With septicemia, the kidneys can suffer (glomerulonephritis develops), the heart (myocarditis, endocarditis), and joints (acute rheumatic fever). These diseases are infectious-allergic in nature and have a severe chronic course.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

Recognition of the disease is carried out on the basis of data on contact with a sick person, an epidemic outbreak in a team, as well as upon examination of the affected skin. Additionally, laboratory methods are used: microscopy of the discharge of blisters and its bacteriological examination. During the latter, streptococci are isolated and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Material collection should be carried out before starting antibiotic therapy.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with diseases such as:

staphylococcal pyoderma (and others);
eczema;

How to distinguish streptoderma from herpes?

When seized, the blisters open very quickly, leaving cracks, while with herpes, the blisters on the lips persist for quite a long time and do not form cracks after opening. At cutaneous form Herpes rashes form on unchanged skin, their appearance is preceded by itching. Streptoderma initially manifests itself as redness of the skin, its elements do not itch, or itching occurs later and is insignificant.

How to distinguish streptoderma and chickenpox?

The chickenpox rash at first really resembles the onset of streptoderma, but after 1-2 days it quickly spreads throughout the body, which is completely uncharacteristic for streptoderma. In addition, chicken pox is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, while streptoderma often occurs against the background normal condition sick.

In any case, if any skin blisters, ulcers, rashes or other signs of the disease appear, you should consult a dermatologist for a correct diagnosis.

Treatment

How and how to treat streptoderma is determined by the dermatologist depending on the patient’s age and concomitant diseases.

Do not take while blisters are forming. water treatments so that the infection does not spread to healthy areas of the skin. It is only allowed to wash healthy areas of the skin separately. It is advisable to wipe intact skin with a napkin soaked in chamomile infusion - this will have an additional antiseptic effect.

Treatment at home involves opening the blisters with a sterile needle (calcined over an open fire or wiped with a medical disinfectant wipe for injections). The liquid from the blisters is removed, the skin around them is treated with brilliant green twice a day or a popular remedy such as Fukortsin is used. In addition, weeping erosions can be treated with silver nitrate or Zezorcin. At home, you can treat lesions with infusions of onion, garlic, and yarrow, but only in addition to the therapy prescribed by your doctor.

If crusts have already formed, medicine is applied to them in the form of an antibiotic ointment, for example, Levomekol. Zinc ointment has an additional drying and disinfecting effect.

Modern ointment for streptoderma - Baneocin. It helps well with small affected areas with contagious impetigo, seizures, panaritium, and lichen simplex.

The effect of local therapy is observed after about a week - the lesions disappear.

Antibiotics for streptoderma are used in the presence of large areas covered with blisters and erosions, severe forms of the disease. Usually tablets or capsules of Amoxicillin clavulanate, Tetracycline or Levomycetin are prescribed for a course of 5 days.

Treatment of streptoderma in adults with impaired immune system or diabetes mellitus is carried out simultaneously with the correction of identified pathologies of metabolism and immunity. Children are isolated from the team during the period of illness.

Therapy during pregnancy

Streptoderma during pregnancy occurs infrequently and does not lead to complications. However, it should be treated before the baby is born so as not to infect the baby. Pregnant women are prescribed local antiseptic drugs, antibacterial ointments, which are practically not absorbed into the blood and do not affect the developing fetus. In severe cases, it is possible to use antibiotics from the penicillin or cephalosporin groups, which are considered safe during pregnancy.

Prevention of streptoderma

Anyone should know how to avoid getting streptoderma, because these rules also apply to other skin infectious diseases:

wash your hands after returning home from the street, after visiting the toilet, as well as in public places;
touch your face less often, do not scratch or scratch your skin;
when traveling, wash your hands and face with antiseptic wipes more often, especially for children;
treat microtraumas, cracks, cuts with hydrogen peroxide, iodine solution, salicylic alcohol or other disinfectants;
monitor your health, immunity, nutrition;
When the first signs of illness appear, consult a doctor.

Streptoderma is a skin lesion resulting from infection with streptococci. The disease is dangerous and contagious. When children become infected, characteristic red and purulent rashes appear on the face and other parts of the body.

Streptoderma is classified as an infectious-allergic disease. In summer, the risk of infection increases, since insects are carriers of streptococcus. But even in winter there is a possibility of infection during an epidemic of streptococcal infections - and.

Causes of streptoderma

Streptoderma is associated with a violation of the integrity of the skin. Children often fall, receive microtraumas, and scratch insect bites, so they are more susceptible to illness.

But there are always certain causes of streptoderma in children.

Decreased immunity

Streptococci are opportunistic microorganisms and may be present in a child’s body in small quantities. Against the background of weakened immunity, bacteria actively multiply and provoke the development of diseases, including streptoderma.

If bacteria enter from the outside, the body cannot cope on its own.

Neglect of personal hygiene rules

The causative agents of streptoderma are everywhere. They live on dirty toys, dust, dishes and clothes. The risk of infection increases under the following circumstances:

the child does not wash his hands;
food products are not cleaned or heat treated;
clothes after going outside are not washed and are folded with clean things;
During the epidemic of tonsillitis, scarlet fever and ARVI, a protective mask is not worn.

It is not surprising that streptoderma most often occurs on a child’s face. Children have a habit of touching their faces with dirty hands, opening sores and scratches. This creates an “entry” gate for infection.

Overwork, stress, vitamin deficiency

If a child is overexerted, does not receive adequate nutrition, sleeps little, his body’s defenses are reduced. The immune system is weakened, which becomes a favorable background for reproduction pathogenic bacteria. Streptococci are no exception. Streptoderma in children often begins after a sharp change in their usual environment, moving, or entering a new educational institution.

Symptoms of streptoderma

After streptococci enter the body, the first symptoms of streptoderma appear no earlier than 7 days later. The main manifestations are the formation of bubbles on the skin with a quickly cloudy liquid (phlycten).

The bubbles appear at the initial stage of streptoderma, merge over time, then burst and dry out. In place of conflicts, bleeding cracks form. The surrounding skin becomes dry and inflamed. Purulent formations often occur.

Children experience common symptoms of streptoderma:

skin itching and burning;
pigmentation at the site of the disease;
malaise, lethargy, lack of appetite;
temperature increase;
inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Types of streptoderma

Remember that the manifestations of streptoderma vary depending on the type of disease caused by streptococcus.

Ringworm simplex

Most often occurs on the child's face. The affected areas become rough and take on a light pink color. The lesions have rounded outlines with clear boundaries. Ringworm partially disappears when exposed to ultraviolet light.