German Spitz: main features of the breed. German Spitz: main features of the breed and all types German Yorkshire Spitz description of the breed character

Little “Napoleons” - this is what some owners call their charming German Spitz dogs. This breed has been known since feudal Europe. True, at that time they had other characteristics, in particular, height and weight. If previously they were almost 14 kg, then during the selection process babies were bred whose weight is only approaching 6 kilograms.

Description of the breed

The detailed breed standard is stated in the relevant document dated January 25, 2013. This FCI standard number 97 regulates the basic requirements for the breed. The German Dwarf Spitz belongs to the Spitz and primitive dogs group.

This breed has many varieties, but regardless of this, all dogs have a fairly thick coat. long hair and very small neat sharp ears. The ears are set high and always in an upright position.

The fur forms something similar to a mane. The neck is wide.

A Spitz can be recognized by its characteristic muzzle, which is proportional to the skull, but tapers towards the nose. The nose has small size and rounded shape. The color depends on the type of wool. Usually the nose is black, but if the color is brown, then it has a similar variant. The jaws are well developed.

If you look at the muzzle, you can see that the eyes are set slightly obliquely and have a rounded shape.

Above the eyes are dark brown eyelids. Moreover, their color does not depend on the variety of German Spitz.

The Spitz's chest is distinguished by a developed front part, while the stomach is tucked up. The paws are round in shape and have dense pads.

Outwardly it is very beautiful dog. The Dwarf Spitz, like the Wolfspitz, has a chic and very mobile tail. It fits tightly to the back and may sometimes have a double loop at the end.

Characteristics of the main indicators of the breed

The Wolfspitz (large German Spitz) has a zonal gray color. Its height can reach 55 cm. The minimum height at the withers is 43 cm. Average weight dogs – 25–30 kg.

The coat of a Mittelspitz (medium Spitz) can be of the following colors:

• white;
• black;
• brown;
• grey;
• orange;
• cream.

The height range at the withers for this subspecies is 30–39 cm. Weight is around 11 kg.

The funny Kleinspitz or small Spitz usually weighs 8–10 kg. Moreover, its height does not exceed 29 cm. The color of the baby can be as varied as that of its larger brother.

The Miniature Spitz or Miniature Spitz has the following parameters:

• height at withers 18–22 cm;
• weight 5–7 kg.

This little one most often attracts the attention of those who want to give a gift to loved ones. The white dwarf Spitz is especially popular. If the choice falls on a black dog, you need to make sure that the color is uniform. This is the best sign of the breed.

Character of the German Spitz

Like many other dogs, the German Spitz is very loyal to its owners, always demonstrating its friendly qualities. Dogs of this breed are affectionate and friendly. Unlike some other breeds small dogs are not intrusive. They behave warily with strangers, but without aggression. At the same time, they are capable of becoming good guards of the owners’ personal property.

The German Spitz energizes those around him with his cheerfulness and activity. It is not for nothing that they began to be used even in circus performances. Moreover, its activity continues until old age.

He rightfully becomes a full-fledged member of the family, a loyal friend and a lover of participating in joint activities. If necessary, can show determination and courage. They can even get into fights with dogs while walking, especially if they see aggression towards their little owners.

Dogs of this breed are very adaptive, usually adapting to the style and rhythm of life of their owners. Forced separation from their owners is difficult to bear.

They love attention and try to attract it, sometimes even barking for this. But they will not bother their owners. If there is not enough attention, they can withdraw into themselves.

German Spitz dogs are easy to train. Capable of performing standard and complex commands. They love to overcome difficulties.

Dogs' favorite activities are walking, preferably off-leash, running, playing and swimming. Those who are planning to make such a friend should be prepared for long walks on fresh air.

If there are small children in the family, then you can count on a Spitz, especially a dwarf one, to become his nanny. They show balance with children, so there is no need to fear that the dog will harm the child in response to his games. Of course, children should not be allowed to do whatever they want with the dog. After all, a German Spitz will endure pain until the last moment, and this can harm the dog itself.

Considering the peculiarities of a dog’s psyche, you should not show aggression towards it during upbringing and training. They remember this very well, which can later lead to changes in behavior.

Puppy color

A special feature of the German Dwarf Spitz puppy is that its color changes. If the baby's nose, lips and eyelids are black, you can count on the dog itself being black. For everyone else, after 2 months changes may already begin. The final color is formed by the age of three.

White puppies, due to the rarity of their breeding, are more expensive. The appearance of cream puppies is deceiving. To determine whether he will subsequently be white, you should check the fur behind the ears. If she is not white, then expect an orange or brown puppy.

Features of care

Despite the fact that the German Spitz is small in size, it is prone to obesity. Therefore, nutrition should be balanced. In addition, you should introduce a feeding schedule that the dog gets used to quite easily. Puppies should be fed according to the breeder's recommendations. Adult dogs must receive:

• Meat.
• Fish without bones.
• Porridge based on rice or buckwheat.
• Dairy products.
• Vegetables, excluding potatoes.

Under no circumstances should children be spoiled with bones or products containing bones, as well as pasta, flour products, sausage, etc.

In order for the coat to be always well-groomed and beautiful, a lot of effort should be made to maintain it in good condition. The presence of abundant undercoat creates the feeling that the dog is constantly wearing his hair. The main tangles are observed in the area of ​​the ears, between the fingers, and sometimes in the groin. You need to brush your dog on the table 2-3 times a week. In order for the dog to behave calmly, you can offer it to chew on pig ears.

To participate in exhibitions you will have to master combing against the grain.

Those who want to get a dog are usually interested in how long the Dwarf Spitz lives. On average, they will stay with their owners for 12–15 years, but quite often when favorable conditions these beauties live up to 20 years. All these years, the smart German Spitz will delight his owners.

The Greater German Spitz is one of the ancient European breeds. Germany is considered the country of origin of dogs. Perhaps their ancestors were peat dogs that lived in the swamps in the Stone Age. Spitz dogs are indoor dogs, but they also feel good in a country house, living in the garden. They are quite different good health and are able to withstand harsh weather conditions.

The Greater German Spitz is one of the ancient European breeds

German Spitz dogs are classified as small breeds that include several varieties that differ in size and coat color. There are 5 breed variants:

1. Wolfspitz(keeshond). The largest representative. Its height is on average 43-45 cm with a weight of 20 to 25 kg. They are distinguished by their compactness and harmonious physique. The Keeshond is characterized by “glasses” - a combination of different shades around the eyes. Representatives of this species come only in gray wolf color.
2. Big Spitz(grossspitz). Smaller than the previous variety, but also classified as a medium-sized dog. Height at the withers ranges from 40 to 42 cm. Average weight is 17-20 kg. Spitz can be white, brown or black with a black undercoat.
3. Medium Spitz(middlespitz). Height at the withers is 30-37 cm, weight – 8-12 kg. May have a double curl on the tail. Dogs of this variety are solid black, brown, white, orange, wolf and others (cream, sable and any of the above colors in combination with white). A white Spitz should have a pure white coat with no signs of yellowing.
4. Small German Spitz(kleinspitz). It has a height at the withers of 22-29 cm and a weight of 5-8 kg. It is also called miniature. The Spitz has thick fluffy hair and resembles little lion cub. The color of the coat of the small Spitz, like the medium one, is varied.
5. Dwarf Spitz(Pomeranian). He has a height of 18-22 cm with an average weight of 1.5-3 kg. Any color is allowed - gray, red, beige, brown, black.

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Spitz dogs are very active and energetic, especially in at a young age

In all types of dogs, body height and length have a 1:1 ratio, so their format easily fits into a square. Thanks to their small size, Spitz dogs move smoothly and quickly. They almost never seem to touch the ground. Spitz dogs are very active and energetic, especially when they are young. They are very sensitive and require a lot of attention and affection from the owner. The type of breed does not in any way affect the character and temperament of the dog.

Features of the German Spitz breed (video)

Appearance description

All varieties of the breed have similar appearance features. The dogs are distinguished by a compact harmonious body, strong limbs, short strong back and a very bushy tail, which the dog holds curled into a tight ring over his back. A healthy dog ​​should straighten it easily and wag freely. The main characteristics of the breed are the following:

• small height;
• the coat is straight, vertically raised with a thick short undercoat;
• on the neck and chest the fur lies in the form of a voluminous collar;
• the head and ears are covered with fur with short hairs;
• the small head has an elongated shape and gives the small species of the breed a resemblance to a fox;
• small triangular ears are located close to each other, always erect;
• pincer bite;
• paws are rounded, short with voluminous pads;
• the tip of the nose, lips and eyelids are black, only dark brown pigmentation is allowed in dogs with brown color;
• eyes oval, medium size, dark.

Gallery: German Spitz (45 photos)

Character traits

Spitz are cheerful and affectionate dogs. But at the same time, they are distrustful of strangers and are good guards. Dogs enjoy taking part in noisy games and active walks in the fresh air. They have a balanced character, are distinguished by intelligence and devotion. They are easy to train because they are obedient and easily remember all commands.

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Spitz – Good friends. The mood of the owner is conveyed to them, and they skillfully adapt to it without being intrusive. They are brave, but not aggressive, good companions for children.

Spitz easily learns all kinds of tricks and demonstrates them with pleasure. When raising a child, one should show restraint and exclude punishment and shouting. Otherwise, you may not only fail to achieve results, but also harm the animal’s psyche. They love to be the center of attention and are ready to attract it by any means: jumping, running around their owners, barking loudly. They get along well with other pets, being friendly and tolerant towards them.

Spitz care

Caring for a dog begins from the first days of life in the owner's house. It is necessary to allocate a place where the pet can rest. WITH early age The puppy must get used to water procedures. It should be bathed once every 2 months, and after each walk it is enough to wipe the animal’s paws from dirt. The thick coat of Spitz dogs requires daily brushing. Puppies are born with short, close-fitting fur, which rises in 2-3 weeks. From 3 months, dogs begin to shed periodically. At this time, not only the long matted fur, but also the hairs of the undercoat are combed out with a special brush.

Nutrition rules

Proper nutrition will allow the dog to remain in good physical shape for as long as possible and have a beautiful shiny wool. Puppies should be fed 4 times a day; an adult pet needs 2 meals a day. The diet must include meat in any form, dairy products (milk, cottage cheese, kefir), eggs. Should be avoided flour products, potatoes. Do not give small or sharp bones. Fish must be cleaned of bones. Rice, millet and buckwheat are suitable for preparing porridge. It is recommended to chop carrots, beets, and cabbage and add them to porridge. You can feed your pet ready-made food, but it is better to combine it with homemade food, separating it by time of administration.

• Color: Wolfspitz or Keeshond are always zoned gray. Large Spitz dogs can be white, black, or brown. Medium, small and dwarf Spitz dogs are white, orange, zone-gray, black, cream, cream-sable, orange-sable, black and tan, spotted.
• Varieties: Keeshond or Wolfspitz, Large Spitz, Medium Spitz, Small Spitz, Dwarf or Pomeranian
• Lifespan: up to 16 years old

Advantages and disadvantages

• Reliable watchdog, but without being overly aggressive
• Variety of sizes
• Not overly aggressive
• Feels great outdoors
• Wool has no smell
• Gets along well with other dogs and cats

• Small Pomeranians are often painful
• Large varieties require long walks and exercise
• Small Spitz can be very talkative

Description of the breed

The German Spitz is currently a breed group. Each of the growth varieties is exhibited and bred separately. Sometimes litters contain puppies that are too small or too large. In this case, the dog undergoes an expert assessment and its pedigree is changed, indicating the correct height variety.

The word Spitz is now used as a common noun to refer to all Spitz-type dogs. They are distinguished by a fox-like pointed muzzle, small high-set ears, small eyes, a nearly square format and a tail thrown over the back.

German Spitz are all-round dogs. They have proven themselves not only as companions, but also as guards and athletes. People-centeredness distinguishes german dogs from other breeds of the fifth group. These dogs are easy to train, love to interact with people, and get along well with children and other pets.

The most fashionable small spitz dogs these days are: excellent companions for city residents. Only grooming is a must for them. Short summer haircuts often cause colds and pneumonia. Therefore, for the sake of convenience, you should not cut your dogs short for the summer. Their fur acts as a thermostat at any time of the year.

Spitz dogs quickly adapt to their owner's lifestyle. Some of them feel good, even if they rarely go outside and spend all their time in the apartment. They easily get used to the litter box, but life locked up spoils the character of the dogs, making them insecure, cowardly, and overly attached to their owners. This behavior makes it difficult to travel with the dog, as well as to show it at an exhibition.

Height at withers for males and females:

Keeshond or Wolfspitz – 43-55 cm

Large Spitz – 42-50 cm

Average Spitz – 30-38 cm

Small Spitz - 23-29 cm

Dwarf or Pomeranian Spitz - 18-22 cm.

Keeshond or Wolfspitz - 25-30 kg

Large Spitz - 17-20 kg

Average Spitz – 8-12 kg

Small Spitz – 4-7 kg

Dwarf or Pomeranian Spitz - 3.5 kg

German Spitz breed standard

The German Spitz belongs to the fifth group of FCI breeds. These are primitive dogs, close in their appearance to ancestral forms.

The ratio of height at the withers to the length of the body for all Spitz dogs should be 1 to 1. This means that these dogs have a square format. These are attentive, loyal and active dogs, universal companions and guards. Spitz are not very susceptible to bad weather conditions and are distinguished by longevity and enviable health.

These dogs have a medium-sized head, wider in the skull and tapering towards the muzzle. The nose is small, the muzzle is short. Stop medium degree expressiveness. In large Spitz dogs, the length of the muzzle correlates with the length of the skull as 2 to 3, and in small ones – as 1 to 2. Scissor bite. Lips fit tightly. The eyes are medium in size, somewhat elongated. The eyelids are dry. The ears are small, with sharp tips, triangular, located high and close to each other.

The neck is of medium length, slightly arched. Has a chic wool collar. The withers are high. The back is strong and short. The tail is fluffy and carried over the back. The loin is short and strong. The croup is sloping, short, of good width.

The chest is deep, with a long breastbone. The belly is small and well tucked.

The tail is of medium length, curved over the back from the very base. Double curl is allowed.

Limbs are straight with well-defined angles, muscular, collected cat paws. Desirable long, obliquely set shoulder blade, developed forebreast. The angle of the glenohumeral joint is straight. Corner knee joint moderately expressed.

The movements are energetic and smooth.

The coat is double, consisting of hard guard hair and close hair, under which there is a short and dense cotton undercoat, which gives the dog its unique appearance. The head, ears, and paws in their front part are covered with short velvety hair.

The vices include

Curly or wavy coat, parted at the back.

The head is apple shaped, typical of a Chihuahua, with a straight head.

Non-scissor bite.

Light eyes, nose and eyelid rims.

Dark muzzle in zonal-colored dogs.

White spots on solid colored dogs.

Entropion or ectropion.

Incomplete teeth for large and medium varieties.

Drop or semi-erect ears

Short tail, docked or not curled over the back.

• Cryptorchidism in males.

Character and characteristics of the German Spitz

The main feature of the German Spitz breed is its diversity. Different sizes dogs make Spitz very popular in a variety of areas - from hunting and property protection to exhibition and modeling activities.

A lion's mane, a fluffy tail thrown over the back, an attentive and curious fox face, small erect ears and a square body are the breed characteristics of a German Spitz of any size. This dog is difficult to confuse with another breed of the fifth group precisely because of these features.

Another breed feature is the dog’s coat. It has a pronounced awn and a short, dense undercoat. In the summer, these dogs shed, but in winter they dress in puffy collars and fur coats.

Spitz are active dogs without excess aggression. Even little Pomeranians successfully participate in agility competitions and feel much better with regular, sufficient walking. Only the smallest dogs weighing up to 2 kg may have poor health and prefer to live in an apartment with a toilet in a tray.

Large Spitz dogs are excellent watchdogs, and in addition, they have proven themselves well as dogs for moving loads in sleds. They willingly carry a sled, tow a skier, and run after a bicycle.

Caring for a German Spitz is quite simple. This includes regular brushing of the coat, especially if the dog lives in a warm apartment and sheds all year round, examination of ears, teeth and eyes.

Spitz wool has a pronounced seasonal shedding. At this time, it needs to be combed frequently until the old fur sheds completely. Many owners cut their dogs very short during this time. This should not be done, because having lost its natural protection against temperature changes, the dog may catch a cold or even get pneumonia.

Show Spitz dogs require mandatory, regular grooming. Special cosmetics are produced for them that prevent the formation of tangles and make them easier to comb out. Bathing a Spitz requires care and precision - its fur does not get wet well and dries slowly. Not completely dried hair can cause a dog to catch a cold even in the warm season.

After bathing, the Spitz is not dried, but blotted with towels until the water no longer remains on it. Intense rubbing electrifies the fur, after which new tangles form. Dry with a hairdryer, making sure that the coat is dry all the way to the skin. A special haircut for show dogs gives them the correct silhouette and expressive lines, emphasizing their strengths and hiding minor flaws.

Spitz ears are well ventilated and usually do not need special care. It is enough to examine them weekly and when brown discharge appears or unpleasant odor go to the doctor.

The small eyes of these dogs also rarely get sick. Entropion, or entropion of the eyelids, occurs in the breed and can be corrected surgically. Every day you need to remove accumulated dirt from the corners of your eyes, and if abundant dirt appears yellowish discharge consult a doctor.

Dogs that don't get enough exercise may have problems with their anal glands. They are located on both sides of the anus and are designed to produce an odorous secretion that dogs use to mark their territory. When fed soft foods and not exercised enough, the glands can become inflamed and need regular cleaning. This problem is especially common in small dogs.

Spitz teeth require regular cleaning. The owner can do this using a special powder and brush. As an option, you can offer the dog special bones and sticks marked dental, or food with large granules, which the dog can chew to clean its teeth. Large, raw beef bones are good for brushing teeth.

Feeding a German Spitz

German Spitz dogs cannot be called gourmets or gourmands. The exception is the smallest of these dogs, which, due to their size, often acquire wrong habits nutrition, preferring treats proper feeding. This is largely facilitated by their owners, who allow the dogs to pick and beg.

The basis of the Spitz's diet is usually meat and offal. Beef, horse meat, lamb, and poultry are excellent for these dogs as the basis of their diet. They are given raw if the supplier is well established. If the origin meat products unknown, it is better to boil them a little.

Allergies are common among light-colored Spitz dogs, so chicken and wheat, the most common allergens, are usually excluded from their diet.

A good source of protein are dairy products. It can be low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, and also yogurt.

Rice, buckwheat and oatmeal can be used as a source of carbohydrates. In winter, dogs kept outside can add millet to the mixture.

Spitz willingly eat vegetables and fruits. The most useful are apples and carrots; you can also give zucchini, pumpkin, and seasonal fruits according to the dog's taste. Stewed vegetables and fruits are seasoned with sunflower or olive oil.

Natural food requires regular use vitamin preparations which are selected based on age and physiological state dogs. Dogs require special supplements during active growth, sports, molting, pregnancy, lactation, and also after 6 years.

When choosing ready-made food for your Spitz, you need to focus on its composition indicated on the label, and not on the brand name, since it often happens that the composition of food called “lamb and rice” includes wheat and chicken.

German Spitz puppies

German Spitz puppies are charming bundles with the appearance of fashion models. Already at the age of one or two months they have all the properties characteristic of the breed. Only the fur and color change. Red dogs are born gray or almost black and lighten with age. The same applies to red spots on spotted dogs. In some cases, they can be distinguished from zone-gray ones no earlier than one and a half to two months. This must be taken into account if you plan to purchase a dog of a specific color.

You shouldn't buy too much little puppy and in case you want the dog to be a show dog. It is better to take a teenager whose teeth have already changed, the testes have descended and the bones and fur have formed. At the age of over 6 months, it is already possible to almost accurately determine the height and weight that a person will have. adult dog. This means that you won’t have to redo her documents for a different height category if she suddenly outgrows it. It often happens that in a litter of Pomeranian Spitz puppies are born that develop into dwarf puppies and vice versa.

If you nevertheless decide to buy a small puppy, then you need to be prepared that all these problems will be yours. In the friendly family of the breeder, the dogs receive the necessary upbringing and do not suffer from a lack of socialization. A responsible breeder always provides puppies with the necessary level of interaction not only with their mother, but also with other dogs in the kennel. Puppies raised in a pack have all the necessary social skills by the age of 3 months and will quickly become comfortable among their own kind.

You should not take puppies from a timid, aggressive bitch that rushes at incoming customers or hides in a corner out of fear. Puppies from such a mother will not have a pleasant temperament and will create a lot of problems with their behavior.

The popularity of the breed led to the birth of a huge number of Spitz-like mestizos. When purchasing such a puppy inexpensively and without documents, keep in mind that as adults it will very vaguely resemble fancy German Spitz dogs, although it will be distinguished by enviable health and often remarkable intelligence. The main thing is to understand this and love the dog as it is, not paying attention to the shortcomings of the exterior. Better yet, when looking for an inexpensive Spitz-type dog, go to a shelter.

German Spitz training

Spitzies are very pleasant, intelligent dogs that combine a willingness to do a variety of work and physical activity and the absence of excessive temperament. Infantile, timid, nervous individuals are found among small varieties due to their uncontrolled breeding. This is the same breeding marriage that should not be allowed for breeding, however, with an excellent exterior, breeders manage to hide problematic behavior with the help of medications and training.

Some things in such a dog can be corrected, but most of the congenital problems can only be mitigated.

When choosing a dog, it is important to know what it is for. Raising a companion and teaching sports or guard dog- This different techniques and programs that are often incompatible with each other. Those who want to achieve real success in sports with their Spitz should not often change the direction of training, but they can develop their companion dog in many ways if high achievements are not needed and the classes are conducted for fun and a good mood.

Spitz – smart dogs. They learn basic skills such as sitting, laying, and recalling very quickly and it is important that the owner understands that the accuracy of these commands depends on the number of repetitions. The more repetitions, the faster it is formed. conditioned reflex when the dog follows a command without thinking. However, we are not talking about repeating the same thing for half an hour in a row. Much more useful are 5-minute workouts during the day, carried out in different places- at home, on the street, in the park.

Often a dog that works great on the playground does not want to move next to you on a regular walk or even on the way to class. This happens because the owner behaves differently and does not achieve the correct execution of commands if he is just walking. As a result, the dog understands that commands are mandatory only on the playground and behaves accordingly.

If owners do not have experience working with dogs, they need to find an experienced dog handler who has skills in conflict-free training using rewards. If your dog is interested in toys, you should play tug with him often, allowing him to carry away the prey when the game is over. In the future, this will allow you to use the toy as a reward along with a treat. You should not pull toys too intensely with small Spitz dogs - this can cause malocclusion.

History of the breed

The German Spitz is a descendant of ancient turf dogs that lived in Europe back in the Stone Age. The Spitz-shaped dog of Lake Dweller, found by archaeologists a little later, is often included among their ancestors.

The original job of the Spitz was to guard the territory and assist in grazing and driving livestock. The first mention of these dogs dates back to the 15th century. However, already in the century, the fashion for them penetrated into the aristocratic environment, and systematic breeding began. His main goal was to reduce the size and pleasant temperament of dogs. In different areas of Germany they bred different varieties these dogs. Aachens, Krefeld and Düsseldorf were famous for their large Wolfspitz. Württenberg - dogs of black and brown colors, and Pomerania - breeding the smallest dogs of this breed.

Medieval Spitz were significantly larger than modern small varieties and weighed about 14 kg. Their images can be found in paintings by medieval artists, where dogs accompany noble people. Letters from Charlotte, the wife of King George III, have been preserved, dedicated to the four dogs that she discharged from Pomerania. She wrote to Lord Harcourt about two of them, Mercury and Phoebe, and recommended keeping an eye on them to prevent them from being stolen.

The letter is dated November 28, 1767. Currently Pomerania is called East Germany. This region is located on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

Charlotte's dogs were not small and had white color. Over time, cream, orange and sand colors became more popular. In 1888, Queen Victoria brought a male dog named Marco from Florence to Great Britain. At the end of the century, these dogs also appeared in the USA, where the direction of their breeding for a long time differed from the European one.

The creation of the first English club for German Spitz lovers is associated with the Kraft exhibition of 1891. At the same time, the first breed standard was adopted. These dogs were demonstrated at the exhibition for the first time this year. Then they were only allowed into a mixed class. Rights to speak separate group dogs received in 1900. This happened in New York.

In Europe, the initiator of the special breed club was Charles Kramerer. His letter dated April 13, 1899 called on all Spitz lovers to unite. The first to join the club were Fritz Reimann and Karl Wolfsholz, as well as Albert Kull. The first meeting of the club took place in Frankfurt am Main in 1900. The publication of the first stud book of the society dates back to 1913.

The owners of German Spitz were such august persons as Empress Catherine, Marie Antoinette, as well as Michelangelo, political figure Martin Luther, writer Emile Zola, composer Mozart, Ludwig Richter and others.

The first special breed exhibition of German Spitz was held not in Germany, but in the USA. This happened in 1911. At that time, three sizes were recognized in the breed:

Large Spitz up to 45 cm tall

Medium Spitz up to 38 cm at the withers

Dwarf Spitz up to 25 cm tall.

The current breed standard was written in the post-war years. Throughout its existence, it has undergone only minor changes.

The coat of large Spitz dogs has virtually no odor. With regular grooming, these dogs do not shed it around the house; all of it remains on the comb.

In Denmark and the Netherlands, large German Spitz dogs are called Keeshonds. They accompany sailors, destroying rats and protecting ships and barges.

The ugliest Spitz dogs in their time were Spanish. This was due to the fact that the royals of this country were not very beautiful and tended to surround themselves with ugly servants and dogs.

Today we will talk about the small German Spitz. Let's find out what this dog looks like and what its character is. We'll tell you how to properly maintain and feed her. So, let's begin…

Small German Spitz: breed standard

Now we will describe in detail a representative of this species. In a nutshell, we can say that a small Spitz is a beautiful square dog with a fox-like pointed muzzle and neat, erect ears. A representative of the breed reaches full splendor in the third year of life and maintains it until the age of twelve.

What does a small German Spitz look like? The breed standard implies an excellent form of the animal. His stomach is slightly tucked and his chest is deep. The neck is of medium length, the back is straight, short, withers are well defined. The tail is set high.

This dog has a wedge-shaped head of medium length. The smooth transition from the muzzle to the forehead is well defined. The nose, lip and eyelids are the same color. The muzzle is not too long. The eyes are dark. The fur on almost the entire body is lush, thick and long. The ears are triangular in shape, small, and set close to each other.

Color, weight and height at the withers

What colors are the small German Spitz? White, blue, cream and piebald. You can also find a golden-orange representative of the breed.

The height at the withers of such a dog ranges from twenty-three to twenty-eight centimeters, the average weight is five to six kilograms.

Character of the breed

The Small German Spitz is an active, sociable, determined and cheerful dog. He loves walks and games. This dog adapts perfectly to different circumstances. The animal quickly gets used to the new place. Can adapt to the rhythm of the owner's life. The Spitz is calm by nature. He will be active with young people, and calm with older people. This breed can be considered universal; it is suitable for almost all people.

Such a dog is loyal, self-sufficient and smart. He loves to bark. Of course, not everyone will like the yapping small German Spitz. Puppies of this breed can also be jealous. Therefore, all whims, aggressiveness and constant barking must be stopped. This is the only way to raise a good dog.

When raising this dog, you need to be firm, methodical and persistent. The Spitz owner must always maintain confidence and a leadership position. Rudeness and aggressiveness in raising such a dog are unacceptable. Such dogs are trained very well, and with proper training they demonstrate excellent obedience.

You need to start training your Spitz from the age of five months. Collateral happy life This dog and the owner is the breeding of the animal.

The Spitz is not aggressive, it is brave, and it is not easy to scare such a dog. Of course, the size does not allow a representative of this breed to instill fear in a robber or other enemy, but the dog is a “good bell”; it will be able to notify its owners of danger.

Due to the fact that such dogs do not have conflicts, they can get along with other pets, even those of the same gender as the Spitz itself. They get along well with children, but if the child does not have the skills to communicate with animals, then you should monitor his fun.

Dog care

Caring for such dogs is not particularly difficult. You need to brush your Spitz several times a week using a massage brush. During molting, it is necessary to do this procedure even more often (three to four times). Claws also need to be trimmed as they grow. It is necessary to especially monitor this, since overgrown claws can lead to many problems with the paws. It is necessary to examine the animal's ears, teeth and eyes once a week. If you notice that they are dirty, clean them using a cotton swab. You can clean your teeth by using toothbrush and special paste.

You need to bathe your Spitz as needed, because the coat of this breed practically does not get dirty and does not have any unpleasant odor.

The Small German Spitz, like all dogs, needs walks in the fresh air. Their duration should be from twenty minutes to an hour. Although the pet will be grateful to you for a longer walk, since representatives of this breed are very inquisitive. You can train your Spitz to go to the litter box. Then in bad weather you can leave the dog at home.

Feeding your pet

Adult dogs should be fed twice a day. You can use professional super-premium food. If desired, you can also feed natural food. But in this case, it is necessary to carefully consider the diet. Of course, such a dog needs to be given vitamins. Which ones are better? In this matter, it is better to consult a veterinarian.

Health of representatives of this breed

If we talk about health, then these dogs are quite good. These dogs do not have any serious hereditary diseases, but the Small German Spitz is susceptible to allergies. If you properly maintain and care for such a pet, it can live up to twenty years. On average, such a dog lives fifteen years.

A little conclusion

These dogs are wonderful companions for everyone. Families with small children are better off not getting a small Spitz. This animal gets along well with other pets. Caring for him is not particularly difficult, but you need to take care of the dog from childhood, then in the future you will grow up to be an obedient small German Spitz. The average price for one puppy ranges from twenty-five to eighty thousand rubles (this includes pedigree).

Cute ones with a fox face have ancient history and over the years of its existence have won the love of many people. The breed is varied in coat color and size, so lovers can choose a pet according to their capabilities and needs. In this article we will get acquainted with the German Spitz, its character and description of the breed.

Description of the characteristics of the German Spitz

All types of German Spitz have a body structure similar to a square: the body length and height at the withers are equal. Dogs have a wide chest, a straight back, strong limbs, and the elbows of the front paws are pressed to the body.

The high-set tail is wrapped in a ring, pressing against the dog's back. The proportions of the muzzle and head are slightly different: in medium and large ones, the muzzle is one part shorter than the length of the head; in small subspecies - into two parts.

In all subspecies, the muzzle narrows significantly towards the nose, giving it a resemblance to a fox, this is especially noticeable in dwarf individuals. The ears stand upright, are set close together, and are triangular in shape. The forehead line is smooth, the eyes are almond-shaped.

According to the standard, the bite must be correct; in Pomeranians a pincer bite is allowed. All representatives have thick, soft fur. The guard hair is long and does not adhere to the body; the undercoat looks like fluff.

Part chest and the neck is framed by a thick “collar”; on the muzzle there is shorter hair; long and fluffy hair adorns the tail.

Did you know? A Spitz named Marco, brought from Italy, won the love of Queen Victoria of England. According to the recollections of eyewitnesses of those years, she did not part with her pet even at receptions and official meetings. Marco had his own security.

Origin of the breed and purpose

According to most breeders and simply lovers of the breed, it comes from the peat breeds, who lived in the territory of modern Europe in the Stone Age. The remains of fossil animals were found in Scandinavia, Switzerland, and France.

In the 14th century, gardens, vineyards, houses and farms were protected in different regions of Germany, more large dogs were used as shepherds and hunting assistants. Later, smaller specimens became favorites of aristocratic ladies. In the XYIII century, work began to improve and breed the breed. In 1899, a club for breed lovers was founded in Germany, and seven years later standards for each variety were approved.

English dog breeders recognized Spitz dogs in the 70s of the 19th century by founding their own club. From Great Britain the breed came to the USA, where many breeders liked it; at the turn of the 20th century, their own Pomeranian club was founded in the States with accepted standards sizes and colors.

Today the breed is divided into five main subspecies.

Advantages and disadvantages of the breed

Among the undeniable advantages are high intelligence and the ability to learn; it is not without reason that dogs are used in circus shows with animals.

Spitz dogs are loyal to their owner; a trained dog, demonstrating loyalty to one person, may refuse to follow the commands of another. In addition, the dog always looks closely at strangers surrounded by the owner, always alert and ready to protect, this also applies to small dogs.
Dogs can sense Bad mood or the owner’s illness, they will not attract attention to themselves at this moment, will behave quietly, and can lie down nearby, expressing their sympathy and support.

Among the shortcomings, there is a tendency to manipulate the owner: during training, he can be distracted, feign fatigue and only want to play.
Jealous, which needs to be stopped immediately by training from puppyhood.

These days, the German Medium Spitz is true friend, the dog is so devoted that when separated it can get sick. Getting used to the owner and his home, the dog is ready to protect not only family members, but also other animals.

They are smart, well-trained and easy-going. The disadvantage is considered to be the dog's excessive emotionality; when he meets the owner, he simply deafens with his loud bark, which can disturb the neighbors.

The Small Spitz is a decorative dog that brings a lot of positive emotions: she is playful, good-natured, funny, but despite her penchant for mischief, she is loyal. The kid knows how to sympathize and empathize.

The disadvantage may be an innate acting talent: with antics and whims, the dog can demand what he deserves. this moment you need to evade training, pretending to be tired or sick.

The size of a large cat, the Pomeranian is ideal for apartment life and is not difficult to litter train.
Main advantage miniature pet- the ability to adapt to the owner: a reserved person will have a calm, patient dog; the active one is restless, ready for games and fun.

Miniature dogs without proper training are prone to aggression. Perhaps this is some kind of compensation for growth and a demonstration of one’s own wealth and strength.

Training and education

The first thing you need to achieve in raising dogs is to eradicate the inherent negative traits character: jealousy, desire to assert one’s authority, demand attention and attempts to manipulate the owner. You need to immediately show the dog that you are a leader.

It is better to choose a playing style, to interest the dog, showing patience and perseverance. The Spitz's memory and intelligence level are quite high; with regular repetition, he will easily remember and learn not only basic, but also special commands.

You should not yell at your pet if he is shirking, this will show your failure as a leader and offend the dog. As clear example, watch a video about classes with the Spitz Icy.

Suitable for which owner depending on the type

Large species of the breed are suitable for active owners; they will keep company on a morning jog, walk, active recreation Outdoors.

Physical activity is necessary for physical development the dog and the feeling of being needed by the owner, belonging to his way of life.

Keeshonds and large ones will be good nannies and guardians of children, in addition, they are often companions of people with disabilities. They are patient and vigilant, distrustful of strangers and will not let a stranger near their child.

Did you know? The famous English writer and part-time veterinarian James Herriot wrote the story “Seth Pilling and His Ignorance”, one of the main characters of which is a Keeshond.

The middle and small ones love to swim, frolic in the grass, walk and play outdoor games. They do not tolerate loneliness well and need the company of at least other animals.

They are tolerant of children and willingly keep company in the game. Knowing how to adapt to the owner’s character, they can be good companions for older people, the main thing is to give them a walk so that the bubbling energy does not interfere with the owner’s rest.

Pomeranians are considered couch dogs, but walks and games are required for them too. Although active, they are the best companions for older people, showing restraint and patience.

The presence of thick, dense wool obliges the owner to care for it, namely, comb it twice a week, and daily during the molting period. Professional haircut It’s better to have it done by a groomer.

Important! Do not leave your dog to dry out on its own; the breed is prone to colds.

You need to bathe your pet as needed, using special care products. After bathing, you need to dry it with a hairdryer.
Once a month, it is necessary to trim and file the nails so that the dog does not injure himself. Be sure to check your eyes and ears and clean them with special products as they become dirty. You can use chamomile infusion to cleanse your eyes.

To avoid inflammation in the mouth and loss of teeth, you need to brush your teeth once a week, and also visit a veterinarian to remove tartar.

IN natural diet its main share should be meat. Offal, cereals, vegetables and fruits, boneless fish, cottage cheese, and boiled eggs should be present.

Spitz dogs are prone to obesity, so you need to strictly adhere to the regimen: puppies - three feedings, adults - two feedings a day. Ready-made feed Super-premium class is recommended, they meet all the needs of the animal. A bowl of clean, fresh water should always be available to your pet.

Family life

A puppy's curiosity knows no bounds; when purchasing a Spitz, disguise all electrical wires in the house. It is recommended that bedding be made from natural materials and should be cleaned once every two weeks.
It is not advisable to place the pet’s resting place near heating devices; passageways are not an option either, as there may be a draft there.

It is advisable to purchase several toys for your baby, so he can satisfy the desire to chew and fray something, and will have fun when he is left alone.

Health and characteristic diseases

In general, dogs have excellent health and genetics, but there are a number of problems that they are prone to:

• periodontal disease;
• endocrine diseases;
• tendency to allergies;
• inflammation of the skin;
• obesity;
• conjunctivitis;
• tendency to injuries to ligaments and joints (minor types);
• laryngeal collapse.

How to choose a puppy and prices for family members

To choose a German Spitz puppy that meets the standard, you need to contact the nursery, find out more about the breeder, about the puppy’s parents, and look at the conditions of its keeping.

It should be taken into account that, in addition to external data, parents also transmit hereditary diseases breeds To buy healthy puppy German Spitz, you should pay attention to his behavior: playfulness, curiosity, mobility - these are signs of health.

Important! Do not buy a dog at a poultry market or from random people about whom you cannot find out anything; you risk purchasing a puppy with deviations from the standard or with a bunch of hereditary diseases.

Puppies should not be cowardly or lethargic. Be sure to inquire about vaccinations and relevant documents. Examine the eyes and teeth, limbs, tail and belly; a swollen belly indicates digestive problems.
The price of German-type Spitz varies depending on its type, purity of the breed, and pedigree:

• Keeshond - $250-700;
• Grossspitz - $300-750;
• Middle Spitz - $350-800;
• Kleinspitz - $750-1200;
• - $400-4000.

Puberty and mating

According to the rules, the breed begins mating at the age of one and a half years. However, if you want to avoid all the risks of genetic abnormalities, it is better to breed a bitch at the age of two, observing the frequency and regularity of her estrus.

By this time, you can receive a certificate confirming its suitability for breeding. The norm is to estrus twice a year with an interval of six months or eight months, otherwise you should show the dog to the veterinarian.
Basic requirements prior to mating:

• vaccination before the process;
• deworming;
• excellent physical form and health;
• lack of excess weight.

It is better to plan the process itself in the morning; before it, the couple should be walked and not fed. To ensure the male's confidence, mating is carried out on his territory. If both partners have no experience and no knowledge of how to help them, you should trust a specialist.

Feeding a whelping German Spitz bitch is not advisable for the first six hours; immediately after giving birth, offer her something to drink. For the first three days, it is advisable to feed frequently (4-5 times), but in small portions.

The food should be light, for example, fermented milk products. Then you can switch to soups, porridges, and boiled meat. As the puppies grow, add raw meat, bones, fresh vegetables and fruits, feedings are carried out three times a day.
By the end of the second month, portions and feeding schedule are reduced, otherwise the new mother will begin to gain a lot of weight.

If you need an affectionate and loyal, cheerful and attentive friend, the Spitz is your choice. All types of dogs are, in principle, suitable for single people and for large and noisy families.