home Adviсe The abdomen is hard and hard to the touch. The large intestine is hard on palpation

The abdomen is hard and hard to the touch. The large intestine is hard on palpation

After forty years, you can often notice a hard stomach in men. Some representatives joke that it is a “bundle of nerves,” but stress is not always the cause of compaction of the mass. Much more often, fat builds up due to overeating, low physical mobility and addiction to foamy drinks. But there are other options for a man’s stomach becoming elastic and overly dense. They should be examined in more detail.

Causes of a bloated and hard belly in men

Hardness effect muscle fibers there is more than one factor causing this phenomenon. Causes of a hard belly in men can be caused by systemic disorders work of internal organs. A feeling of fullness appears after overeating, drinking too much sweets, or carbonated drinks. No action is required, just moving around is enough for the condition to improve.

Important! A constantly swollen belly can be a sign of lumbar lordosis - a forward-facing curve. The bulge appears due to excess weight - the spinal defect is diagnosed by examination by a specialist, who will prescribe appropriate treatment.

Dysbacteriosis

The intestinal microflora is populated by many bacteria necessary for the normal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to taking antibiotics, poor nutrition, stress, bacterial balance is disrupted. Food that enters the stomach is not digested, rots and causes fermentation. The result is a hard, bloated belly. Lack of treatment for dysbiosis will lead to pathological consequences for the whole body, one of which is toxic poisoning by fermentation products.

To avoid this, you should adjust your diet, take probiotics and for some time go on a diet limiting sweets, fatty and other foods that cause discomfort.

Intestinal blockage

The first symptom is pain in the abdomen. There may be a feeling of hardening in some part of the intestines, stool retention occurs, and gases do not pass away. Painful sensations of varying intensity and character increase and are localized. The result is a hard, elastic stomach, the causes of blockage are different: from poor nutrition to pathological changes in the functioning of internal organs.

If constipation does not go away for a long time, home remedies (enemas) and medications do not help, you should consult a doctor. It will require examination and identification of the provoking factor, then prescribed treatment.

Peritonitis

This disease is caused by inflammation of the peritoneum, which is what causes a tight stomach in men. The membrane lining the insides becomes inflamed with advanced appendicitis, inflammatory processes in the intestines and other pathologies. The contents of the internal organs enter the peritoneum, which leads to peritonitis.

The rapid absorption of substances into the mucosal tissue causes the immediate spread of infection through the blood; the lack of immediate help threatens sepsis. Signs of peritonitis:

the stomach is very hard, dense, the skin is stretched tightly;
vomiting appears, but unlike poisoning, vomiting does not bring relief, but aggravates the patient’s condition;
body temperature rises;
there is a constant feeling of thirst;
weakness sets in;
heart rate increases;
I sweat more than usual.

There is no home treatment for peritonitis. Urgent surgical care is required, otherwise the patient will not survive 24 hours.

Other causes of bloating

If you encounter the pathology of a tight abdomen normally healthy patient, and there is not a single sign listed above, you should look for another reason why men have a hard belly. There are several of them:

Severe stress, experiences. Nervous breakdowns disrupt the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause bloating. It is best to change your diet, lighten it and take a sedative.
Appendicitis. Often the symptoms are vague and there is normal pain on the right side, no temperature. If the symptom does not go away within an adequate period of time, you should consult a doctor.
Pancreatitis is another reason why the stomach is like a drum in men. The first symptom is pain in the navel area spreading to the abdominal area. Then vomiting begins, the stomach swells, and sometimes diarrhea appears.
Acute cholecystitis manifested by pain in the heart area, increased body temperature, the man may sweat profusely.
Strangulated hernia also leads to tightening of the abdominal muscles. Symptoms: sharp pain in the area of the hernia, spreading in breadth. If the hernia cannot be repaired, immediate assistance from a surgeon is required.
Very tight belly– a symptom of gastric ulcer and/or duodenum. When perforation occurs, vomiting of blood begins, and the stool turns black. The patient may lose consciousness. Failure to treat will result in death.
Due to injury to internal organs, a bloated abdomen may also appear.

Important! The pre-infarction state is accompanied by pain in the stomach and swelling of the abdominal muscles. You should remember this if you have heart problems. Self-medication is ineffective, urgent medical attention is needed.

A hard stomach in men occurs due to abscesses, abdominal ascites (dropsy), disruption of the blood vessel located on the abdominal wall. There are many reasons, and in order to prevent the development of the disease, you should be attentive to the symptoms that appear.

In what cases is emergency medical care necessary?

When you should not look into the reason why your stomach is hard, but call an ambulance immediately:

attacks of acute pain anywhere in the body;
pain in the right hypochondrium, accompanied by nausea and fever;
pain with changes in skin color in the area of the lesion;
heaviness, discomfort in the lower abdomen, a feeling of hardness in the intestines;
sharp pain accompanied by bloody stools or the release of bile;
bloody vomiting, hardness in the abdominal muscles.

If these problems occur, you should not self-medicate. It is advisable not to take painkillers or other medications. The onset of relief is a temporary factor, but lubricating clinical picture diseases. It will be more difficult for the doctor to determine why the stomach is tight; the reason may not be obvious, which will affect the further course of treatment.

The process of palpation of the stomach and intestines has important in terms of diagnostic examination of the human body. Monitoring of the digestive organs is carried out as follows: at the first stage, a qualified specialist carefully palpates the sigmoid colon - this is the most common landmark and the most accessible organ for palpation. Next, the doctor proceeds to study the condition of the cecum and transverse colon. The ascending and descending sections of the suction organ are quite problematic to palpate.

In practice, during palpation, fingers must be carefully immersed on the surface of the body area and gently pressed onto the organ being examined (toward the posterior abdominal wall). Using sliding movements, you can clearly determine the contours, density, and the presence of various neoplasms and abnormalities. When you touch (feel) the sigmoid colon, you get the impression that there is a smooth, dense and mobile cylinder in the human body. The size of such a “geometric figure” does not exceed the thickness of a person’s thumb. The formation parameters are directly related to the condition of the walls, which are densely filled with gases and decay products (feces/feces).

When leaking inflammatory process The infiltrating walls undergo a significant thickening of the membrane. Ulcerative manifestations form a lumpy and uneven surface of the suction organ. Acute inflammation sigmoid colon is accompanied by the formation of a dense consistency of painful manifestations. Due to the dense overflow of gases and liquid contents, motor inhibition occurs. The spasm is felt in the form of a cord and cord. The patient experiences systematic rumbling + false urges to defecation (false diarrhea).

In normal condition, the cecum is easily palpable. A specialist can detect a cylinder up to 3 cm that is moderately active in movements. Its mobility in a pathological disorder is significantly increased. The internal consistency becomes significantly thicker during coprostasis and chronic inflammation. The volume and shape of the cecum directly correlates with the contents. In a normal functional state, the intestines do not growl.

The patient should remember that the presence of pain upon palpation in the area of the cecum indicates the development of a pathological process. The digestive organ requires systematic and comprehensive treatment.

In practice, after examining the cecum (+ appendix), it is possible to examine the less accessible parts of the large intestine. Palpation is carried out from the ascending to the transverse colon and descending colon. The transverse colon part of the suction organ can be qualitatively palpated only in the case of chronic inflammation. Tone, consistency, volume, shape depend on the tone and degree of muscle tension. For example, an inflammatory process of the ulcerative type forms serious preconditions for the transformation of the transverse colon. At the same time, the muscles of the organ thicken significantly, and its configuration changes.

To date chronic colitis and percolitis are quite common. With these ailments, the wall of the suction organ begins to painfully contract. Due to the lumpy surface, palpation is accompanied by sharp painful sensations. For example, with pericolitis, respiratory and active mobility is lost.

Palpation of the abdomen allows you to feel an intestinal tumor, which is often confused with pathology various organs. Oncology of the cecum and transverse colon is distinguished by already known mobility. The pain is activated during the act of breathing (tumors below the navel are motionless). Palpation of the abdomen during enterocolitis is accompanied by rumbling in the navel area. The disease has specific signs and symptoms: painful diarrhea (mushy, mucous stools, abdominal pain, hard colon). Palpation of the abdomen is carried out in combination with a digital examination of the rectum (sigmoidoscopy + radiography). These actions make it possible to predict the formation of rectal cancer and the formation of various syphilitic structures. It will also be possible to clearly determine the presence of inflammatory processes, cracks, fistulas, hemorrhoids and all kinds of tumors. The specialist can get a clear vision of the sphincter tone and the level of filling of the colon ampulla. In some cases, it is rational to palpate neighboring organs(bottom Bladder, prostate gland, uterus with appendages). This will reveal an ovarian cyst, a tumor of the genital organs, the degree of constipation, etc.

Mechanism of the procedure

Palpation protrudes the last stage full and objective research abdominal area. The patient will need to cough vigorously before the procedure. In practice, a person with developed peritonitis manages to do this only superficially (holding his stomach with his hands). It is allowed to make a small impact on the couch on which the patient is located in a supine position. The vibration impulse will provoke the manifestation of pain in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it is quite easy to establish the diagnosis of peritonitis without touching the hand. To identify symptoms of peritoneal irritation, it is allowed to gently shake the patient after grasping the crests of the ileum (or jumping on one leg).

The palpation procedure begins with the patient being asked to clearly indicate the area where the first pain formed (the primary localization of the disease). The specialist needs to closely monitor the actions of the patient himself. This is how you can identify the causes of peritoneal irritation. Diffuse visceral pain in the abdomen is easily determined using circular movements of the palm. Your hands should be warm.

The procedure begins as far as possible from the main source of pain. This helps to avoid unplanned pain at the very beginning of the study. Children, and sometimes adult patients, sometimes prevent a quality examination due to pain.

First of all, the doctor must perform gentle and careful palpation (superficial). Experienced specialist moves gently, methodically and consistently. The fingers make a minimum number of movements. It is strictly forbidden to palpate the abdomen randomly! The pressure on the body surface should not be high. Otherwise, protective tension in the abdominal muscles will occur. Touching the sore spot must be done until the patient says that it really hurts.

A qualified specialist can always determine the degree of muscle tension in the anterior abdominal wall. The physician must distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscle tension. For a clear definition this factor During palpation, a person takes a deep breath and exhales. If muscle activity persists, this indicates the development of peritonitis.

It is rational to carry out deeper palpation if peritonitis was not detected during a superficial examination. This makes it possible to detect various tumor formations, hepatosplenomegaly, and aortic aneurysm. It is very important for a physician to remember optimal sizes for normal structures, so as not to confuse them with malignant ones. Pain on palpation of the abdomen and intestines has two types:

immediate local pain – the patient experiences sharp pain at the test site;
indirect (referred pain) – pain sensations are formed in a different place when palpated. For example, when leaking acute appendicitis pain accumulates at McBurney's point on the left side of the iliac fossa. This symptom is called “Roving” and is a reliable sign of peritoneal irritation.

It is easy to carry out comparative palpation of a patient with tense abdominal muscles. For this, the patient, who is in a supine position, is asked to gently lift his head above the pillow.

The classic symptom of parietal peritoneal irritation is not difficult to identify. To do this, at the time of the examination, the doctor must sharply remove his hand from the surface of the body and observe the patient’s reaction. In most cases, patients experience a significant increase in pain. This classic examination technique is quite crude; some scientists classify it as a barbaric method of study.

With the development of various pathologies in the digestive organs (for example, acute appendicitis), hyperesthesia of the skin in the abdominal area is observed. It is for this reason that if you pinch or lightly prick a patient, a painful reaction of the body will immediately occur. This is a fairly common clinical symptom, but its establishment is not enough to firmly diagnose acute appendicitis and other diseases of the abdominal organs.

An integral part of the palpation examination is gentle tapping on the lumbar region(+ sides of the abdomen) to determine the degree of pain in these areas. Quite often, pyelonephritis and urolithiasis correlate with severe pain in the abdomen (costovertebral region).

In doubtful clinical situations, examination alone is not enough. An accurate assessment of the dynamics of the disease is established by repeated palpation of the abdomen by the same doctor.

Types of pain syndromes

Causes of pain in women

Today, medicine identifies two types of fundamental causes that affect pain when palpated. Organic factors include:

inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system (cyst, endometritis, fibroids);
using the IUD as a contraceptive;
formation of various pathological formations;
the presence of inflammation in the gall bladder (including appendicitis, pyelonephritis);
sharp pain during pregnancy (placental abruption, miscarriage).

The functional reasons are as follows:

systematic disruptions in cycles during menstruation;
allocation uterine bleeding;
ovulation + uterine inflection.

Inflammatory processes are the main cause of pain during palpation of the stomach and intestines. The disease begins with classic acute manifestations and is supplemented by various signs of intoxication of the body, namely:

Endometritis is accompanied by aching pain in the abdominal area. Their manifestation can be determined by light palpation. The patient experiences heaviness in the area of the appendages + hardening of the uterus;
Endometriosis is a pathological disorder that affects the uterus and appendages. Strong pain observed upon palpation of the middle of the abdomen;
Ovarian apoplexy correlates with ovulation. In this case, some of the blood penetrates into the abdominal cavity due to strong physical exertion;
Uterine fibroids. The pain syndrome is localized in the lower abdomen (compression of neighboring organs);
Appendicitis requires surgical medical intervention. Pain on palpation in the area where the appendix is located;
Cholecystitis is an inflammatory process of the gallbladder. The pain radiates clearly to lumbar region and back;
Cystitis is a lesion of the bladder. Pain is observed both during palpation and during urination.

Causes of pain in men

Pain on palpation in men is preceded by a number of factors. This can be either inflammation of the appendages, or prostatitis, cystitis, or various formations. Doctors identify some signs of pain that require hospitalization. If the pain is concentrated in the area where the appendix forms, this indicates appendicitis. An inguinal hernia and its pinching are also dangerous. The organ simply protrudes outward and has a hard cover. The patient experiences severe pain. Abdominal pain is also a consequence of poor quality food. Thus, a peptic ulcer is formed. Main reasons pain syndrome in men: diverticulitis, genitourinary disease, cystitis, pyelonephritis and excessive hypothermia.

In some cases, sharp pain is localized not only on the right side, but also on the left. Quite often the main reason lies in the distribution intestinal infection. In this case, the main symptoms of appendicitis are observed, which have a paroxysmal manifestation. The pain syndrome often intensifies during meals.

We all periodically face various health problems. However, if you have stomach pain, a hard belly is usually a sign that medical attention is needed.

Of course, sometimes such symptoms can be the result of banal overeating, and just lying down is enough for everything to go away. But if the pain does not go away, this is an alarming signal. Why does this happen and what to do in this case?

As a rule, these symptoms usually disappear without medical attention. But sometimes situations arise when only a timely visit to a doctor solves the problem. However, if after inspection obvious pathologies was not detected, the patient’s condition is most likely caused by the accumulation of gases in the intestines.

This often happens due to eating food too hastily, with air accidentally entering the stomach.

This also happens due to the consumption of carbonated drinks and foods that provoke gas formation.

These products include:

sweets and baked goods - they are rich in simple carbohydrates, which quickly break down and cause fermentation in the intestines;
beans, peas, beans, cabbage, black bread and other food products, they contain a lot of starch and fiber;
too much baking soda inhibits secretion gastric juice, and provokes gas formation.

Usually the body itself gets rid of excess, so gases come out of the anus or as a result of belching. Some of them are absorbed through the intestines.

Sometimes bloating in adults occurs if the body does not produce the enzymes responsible for processing lactose. In this case, consuming dairy products, sometimes even the most ordinary ice cream, will inevitably cause increased gas formation. If you have such a problem, then it would be best to eliminate milk from your diet.

If, despite the fact that a person has not consumed these foods, the stomach is still hard and hurts, the reasons may be much deeper.

Peritonitis

With this disease, the peritoneum, the membrane lining the insides, becomes inflamed. This is due to the fact that with advanced appendicitis, inflammation of the intestines or other organs, their contents penetrate into the peritoneum, because in healthy people the abdominal cavity does not contain any foreign substances. This causes its inflammation.

Due to the fact that substances are well absorbed through the peritoneum, infection quickly spreads through the blood throughout the body, and therefore sepsis occurs without urgent medical attention.

This disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

stomach pain, hard stomach; the patient feels sick and vomits, but unlike simple poisoning, such vomiting does not alleviate the condition; heat; thirst, weakness, rapid heartbeat, sweating.

There are no home treatments for peritonitis!

In this condition, urgent surgical intervention is necessary - only it will save the patient, and in this case, every hour counts. Without urgent surgery, a person will not live more than one day.
Watch a video about this condition

Dysbacteriosis

As you know, our body is inhabited by various bacteria. There are especially many of them in the intestines - the microflora in it is necessary for normal digestion of food.

However, due to various factors such as taking antibiotics or other medications, poor diet, stress, etc., an imbalance of microorganisms occurs. Food that gets inside is not digested normally, which causes rotting, fermentation, and therefore bloating, discomfort, and stool disorders.

A common reason why a child develops a hard belly is dysbacteriosis. This problem is also widespread in adults.

Perhaps this disease may seem frivolous to some, but it is not - dysbiosis, if left untreated, disrupts the functioning of the entire body, and also causes diseases such as thrush, especially in women.

Mechanical blockage of the intestine

This condition is characterized by pain (sometimes hardening is felt in some part of the intestine), stool retention, and the patient may not pass gas.

The pain can vary in intensity, the nature of the sensations and their localization can be clear, but not always. The cause of mechanical blockage is constipation (it is caused by various factors, from poor nutrition to pathologies in the development of the digestive organs), tumors, etc.

For an accurate diagnosis, you must consult a doctor. If the problem is caused by ordinary constipation, then performing a cleansing enema and further proper nutrition will help solve the problem.

If the matter is something else, then a medical examination will be needed.

Stress or anxiety

The modern rhythm of life, unfortunately, dictates its own rules to us, but all the stress and nervous experiences that we experience directly affect our health. Intestinal function is no exception.

Of course, it all depends on the person - some people don’t mind all the stress, while others react very sharply to everything.

It is best to try not to be nervous; if necessary, you can take a sedative.

Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis

This disease usually occurs in children. It occurs due to the fact that the child’s immunity works too actively. Damage to blood vessels occurs. Symptoms that require you to see a doctor:

severe pain, the anterior abdominal wall is very tense; arthritis; A rash with a purple tint appears on the legs.

This disease must be fought under medical supervision; only a medical institution will be able to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment methods.

"Women's" reasons

Women's stomach sometimes hurts due to factors not related to the gastrointestinal tract. The cause of discomfort may be such ailments as ectopic pregnancy or ovarian rupture. Such conditions are characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, which gradually intensifies. Bleeding from the vagina also begins.

An ectopic pregnancy requires urgent surgery, otherwise blood poisoning may begin and the patient cannot be saved. Pain can also be caused by a tumor, cyst and other ailments.

If a woman consulted a general practitioner or gastroenterologist about pain, but the doctors were unable to detect its source, it makes sense to undergo an examination by a gynecologist.

Other ailments

However, all of the above are not the only cases requiring urgent treatment. There are other ailments that require immediate surgery or special medications.

Appendicitis often has a variety of symptoms that can be vague. Although the classic description of pain on the right side, nausea and fever is most common, some other symptoms may occur.

It is better not to guess and not to self-medicate, but to consult a doctor.

If the appendix is not removed in a timely manner, peritonitis may begin, and this is much more dangerous, as there is a risk of death.

It happens that problems arise due to inflammation of the pancreas.

Acute pancreatitis also causes pain that begins near the navel and gradually spreads further. All this is accompanied by vomiting and bloating, in some cases diarrhea. Acute pancreatitis is treated under the supervision of a physician.

Also, the cause of such conditions can be inflammation of the gallbladder, that is, acute cholecystitis. Among other things, it is also characterized by elevated temperature, and the pain can radiate to the heart area.

A strangulated hernia is very dangerous.

As a rule, those who have it pose the greatest danger - both doctors and the Internet inform about this. Symptoms of strangulation are sharp pain in the area of the hernia itself or wider; when pressing, the hernia cannot be reduced. In this case, urgent medical attention is required.

As a result of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, diseases of the gallbladder, liver, spleen, perforation may occur (if we're talking about about hollow organs) or other injuries, as a result of which blood or any substances enter the abdominal cavity. A person may vomit blood, which also gets into the stool and turns it black.

Such conditions can even lead to loss of consciousness. As a rule, this is the cause of subsequent peritonitis, so in case of severe pain, vomiting, or fever, you should immediately consult a doctor. This is especially important if the patient has previously been diagnosed with an ulcer - he should be aware of the possible consequences.

Injuries and strong blows can sometimes lead to rupture of internal organs. With symptoms preceding myocardial infarction, the pain sometimes radiates to the stomach.

You should be very careful if you have any heart problems or are predisposed to them.

In what case should you see a doctor immediately?

This is how a person is designed: he goes to the clinic only in case of urgent need, when he cannot bear the acute pain. However, if you observe particularly dangerous symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor, such symptoms include:

acute pain in the right hypochondrium accompanied by nausea and high fever;
pain with changes in skin color in the area of the lesion;
discomfort in the lower abdomen accompanied by heavy bleeding from the vagina;
acute pain syndrome in combination with diarrhea, in which blood or bile clots are observed.

If the above problems occur, you need to wait for the ambulance to arrive and not take any medications or folk remedies to alleviate the condition, since this can blur the clinical picture and complicate the diagnosis.

First aid

Pain accompanied by a hard abdomen during malfunctions digestive system can be eliminated by taking sorbents: Activated carbon, Smecta, Polysorb, Enterosgel.

For painful sensations associated with PMS, antispasmodics are used: No-shpa, Papaverine, Dicetel.

Except medications Traditional methods can also help relieve pain, for example, chamomile flower tea or rosehip decoction.

If the pathological process has an unclear etiology, it is better not to take risks with self-medication, but to undergo the necessary range of examinations to establish the cause of the disease.

Diagnostics and prevention

Most of the ailments described above require urgent surgical intervention, otherwise you need to contact a gastroenterologist and undergo a comprehensive examination, do an ultrasound and pass the prescribed tests. After this, appropriate treatment and a special diet can be prescribed.

As a preventive measure, there are general recommendations, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and moderate physical activity. For people with sensitive digestion, it is recommended to switch to homemade food prepared with the addition of a minimum of spices.

To avoid infection, it is important to adhere to the rules of hygiene: wash your hands and fruits before eating, do not eat in establishments with a dubious reputation.

Note!

The presence of symptoms such as:

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer. These diseases are dangerous due to their development serious complications(penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

LETHAL

outcome. Treatment needs to start now.

Read the article about how a woman got rid of these symptoms by defeating their main cause using a natural method. Read the material…

OPischevarenii.ru

The appearance of a hard and bloated abdomen is a sign of a malfunction in the body. Sometimes the reasons are quite banal, for example, this phenomenon often occurs after overeating, but in some cases the provoking factor becomes a serious illness.

The feeling of an enlarged belly can be subjective. Then there are complaints about a feeling of fullness and heaviness. As a rule, this is a temporary condition that does not require specific measures.

The reasons for the temporary appearance of a hard belly are hidden in the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. A medical examination will only confirm the real factors of subjective sensations.

The bulge can be caused by excess weight and a defect in the spine (forward-facing curve - lumbar lordosis). A specialist can easily determine these conditions from real swelling after studying the anamnesis and external examination.

If a person does not have any diseases, then this phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of gases or air:

Swallowing air while eating or drinking too much carbonated drinks leads to temporary bloating. In this case, frequent belching may occur. Partial air exits through the anus and is absorbed by the intestinal walls;
The stomach hardens when gases form during the digestion of food, as well as after taking soda, which neutralizes gastric secretions;
Hardness is observed after eating a large amount of sweet foods and baked goods. They are easily digestible carbohydrates, cause a fermentation reaction, accordingly, increasing gas formation;
A large amount of fiber and starch in the body also causes discomfort (brown bread, legumes, potatoes, cabbage, etc.).

Gases may occur due to the presence of fermentopathy. For example, a deficiency of the enzyme needed to break down complex milk sugar (lactose) into monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) is very common among adults. This enzyme is called lactase, it is synthesized by the small intestines.

If there is a deficiency of this substance, milk passes into the large intestine and only there is it digested with the participation of local microflora. It is this process that causes lactase deficiency increased gas formation, painful feeling of fullness and bloating after eating.

A hard stomach in a small child most often occurs due to dysbiosis. It is worth noting that this disorder is quite common among adults. This disease is characterized by an imbalance of intestinal microflora, that is, the number of opportunistic bacteria increases, and the number of beneficial bacteria decreases.

Both the former and the latter are constantly present in the body, but when an imbalance occurs, the normal absorption of food is disrupted, it is poorly digested, putrefactive processes dominate, and gas formation suddenly increases.

If the stomach is inflated only in a certain place, then one can suspect a mechanical obstacle to the movement of gases, for example, a tumor or intestinal obstruction for other reasons. This phenomenon is observed when intestinal motility is disrupted (often occurs with invasions that provoke intoxication of the intestinal muscles), problems with blood circulation (varicose veins affecting the lower abdomen). Discomfort can be caused by mental pathologies, for example, hysterical disorder.

Usually, the first symptoms are discovered by the person himself, who constantly loosens his belt, wears clothes large sizes feeling constant discomfort. However, in some cases this phenomenon goes unnoticed for a long time, for example, with significant obesity, asymptomatic ascites (abdominal dropsy).

The presence of a disorder may be indicated by a feeling of tension in the groin, on both sides of the lower back, and pain in this area.

Pain syndrome, as a rule, occurs as a result of the body’s reaction to damage by pathology to any internal organ. For example, it could be an enlarged spleen, a congested liver, or a tumor in the large intestine. Local pain, which is uncharacteristic of ascites, occurs against the background of the development of cirrhosis. In addition, it may be inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis) or pancreas (pancreatitis), primary liver cancer (hepatoma).

A distended, painful, and hard abdomen may be a symptom of progressive ascites or growing tumors. This increases intra-abdominal pressure. As a result, food digestion is disrupted, it moves back into the esophagus (reflux), causing heartburn. When the diaphragm rises, shortness of breath is observed in a lying position (orthopnea), shallow rapid breathing (tachypnea).

Diffuse swelling should be a reason for a more thorough examination. The doctor is interested in a tendency to abuse alcohol, a history of hematuria, jaundice, intestinal disorders, and rheumatic heart pathologies. The data obtained make it possible to identify cirrhosis, colon cancer with metastases to the peritoneum, kidney pathologies (nephrosis), and congestive heart failure.

It is not recommended to self-medicate, especially if this condition occurs frequently or is constantly present. Consult a gastroenterologist for advice. The doctor will conduct a diagnosis, study the medical history, rule out or confirm the presence of diseases.

Often, diagnosis in children and adults involves the following studies:

Analysis of stool for intestinal microflora;
Examination of gastric juice;
Bacterial analysis of stool;
Bile examination;
Ultrasound of the digestive system.

Without fail, if the stomach is hard, it is necessary to adjust the patient’s diet. Products that can increase gas formation (cabbage, potatoes, rice, whole milk, etc.) are excluded from the menu. Every day they eat coarse bread, a limited amount of vegetables and fruits, and dairy products.

It is recommended to increase physical activity, and it is not necessary to do exercises in the gym; walking 3 km a day is enough. With absence serious illnesses, characterized by the appearance of a hard belly, changing your diet and lifestyle will definitely relieve discomfort.

Often, doctors prescribe a whole range of drugs to reduce gas formation. It necessarily includes adsorbing agents - polysorb, activated carbon, smecta. Enzymatic drugs are also used - mezim, pancreatin, panzinorm. Sometimes drugs are prescribed that replace bile or stimulate its production - karsil, LIV 80, allohol.

Bloating can be caused by medications that suppress the production of bile, hydrochloric acid and gastric juice.

If the patient is prescribed such drugs, then it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. In this regard, it is better to consult a doctor if he himself has not given instructions.

Treatment should be aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease, and not just at relieving uncomfortable symptoms. Therefore, it is imperative to find out why this violation appeared.

The action of adsorbents is aimed at collecting gases, but at the same time it is necessary to get rid of the factor that provokes their appearance.

If the cause is dysbacteriosis, you must first eliminate it. Symptomatic treatment, of course, is also assumed, but it will be ineffective if the normal intestinal microflora is not restored.

mjusli.ru

Photo gallery: Hard belly: causes and treatment

A hard belly can cause discomfort for anyone: men, women, and even children. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Let's look at the problem of a hard belly in more detail.

Woman's hard belly

Many women complain of heaviness in the abdominal cavity, as if this part of the body suddenly became large, hard and swollen. But often the cause of trouble is a banal violation of principles healthy eating and passion for heavy fatty foods that are not absorbed by the body. Are you full of buns? Loaded up on yoghurts? In this case, a hard, puffy bottom most likely means there is a lack of enzymes to digest milk and flour products.

In this case, getting rid of a swollen and hard belly is very simple: remove buns and dairy products from your diet, introduce vegetables into your diet and take special enzymes after meals.

We are treated with an enema! Along with pharmaceutical drugs, an enema is an excellent way to heal a hard stomach. Just fill the pear with water at room temperature: the intestines will quickly clear and you will feel better. And in order not to cause problems for yourself in the future, and not to ask why everything happened, eat all your food slowly, chewing every bite, and do not wash down your meal with large quantities of water.

Hard belly during pregnancy

It’s another matter if a woman’s lower abdomen becomes hard and swollen in the first weeks of pregnancy. This can be a signal of a dangerous pathology - uterine hypertonicity, which can lead to termination of pregnancy and loss of the child.

At later stages - around 25-27 weeks - tense and hard belly often indicates the beginning of “training contractions” - this is how the body prepares to give birth. And in the last trimester - at 38-39 weeks, this part of the body may become tight and hard (and even hurt a little) due to the proximity of childbirth.

Hard tummy in a newborn

The first months of a baby’s life are the most important. During this period, the newborn may suffer from colic, which he tolerates very hard, knocking his legs and crying bitterly. The reason for the baby’s belly to bloat, when it becomes tight and hard to the touch, can be explained simply: the baby’s digestive system is not fully formed and has difficulty digesting food, which is why gases constantly accumulate in the intestines.

Helping your baby cope with the problem is not difficult: just give a light massage of the tummy clockwise, do simple exercises by bending and straightening the legs, and give a special medicine for colic. Regular Dill water- also a proven and very effective remedy for bloating in infants.

About the benefits of water. Water procedures provide invaluable assistance in the fight against intestinal colic. It has been proven that systematic bathing helps a bloated belly get rid of accumulated gases faster, and colic goes away. Bathing in water with decoctions of chamomile flowers, string or potassium permanganate has a particularly beneficial effect.

A man has a hard belly

By the age of 40, men very often acquire a large, unsightly belly, which they like to call a “labor callus.” However, work has nothing to do with it. Much more often, the reason for the appearance of a huge bloated belly in a representative of the stronger sex is gluttony, addiction to foamy drinks and a sedentary lifestyle. Diet and exercise in these cases are the best cure for a large “labor blister” that prevents you from leading a full life (including sexual life).

However, it happens that a large, hard abdominal cavity of a person is evidence of pathology and a global malfunction of the body.

Reasons why the stomach becomes stone:

Attack of appendicitis.
Stomach ulcer (and even cancer).
Liver diseases.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Disturbances in the functioning of a blood vessel located on the abdominal wall.
Abcesses.
Cholelithiasis.
Peritonitis.
Oncology.
Abdominal ascites (edema).

If you are driving healthy image life, but noticed that the “stoniness” of the abdomen is increasing, and even after a diet it is tight and swollen, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Any disease, as doctors rightly note, can be effectively treated only in the early stages. Health to you, beautiful and toned tummies!

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If the patient notices that he has a swollen and hard stomach, then perhaps the cause of this phenomenon is a disruption in the functioning of the body. One of the main factors is overeating. But if an unpleasant symptom occurs constantly, then the cause lies in the pathological process.

Causes of abdominal enlargement

Not only adults can complain about a tight belly. This symptom often occurs both in babies under one year old and at an older age.

Temporary bloating is caused by swallowing air while eating food, abuse of carbonated drinks, fatty or gas-forming foods. Against the background of this process, constant belching occurs. Some of the air exits through the anus, and the rest is absorbed by the intestinal walls.

The stomach can swell when the digestive processes are activated. Some people experience a tight stomach the moment they take soda. The effect of this product is aimed at neutralizing gastric juice.

A hard stomach is diagnosed in children of preschool and school age after they have eaten a large amount of sweet or starchy foods. The thing is that they contain easily digestible carbohydrates, which lead to the processes of fermentation and decay.

A discomfort in the intestinal area occurs when consuming large amounts of fiber and starch. This includes dishes from legumes, potatoes, cabbage.

Causes of a pathological nature

If a hard belly appears in the lower abdomen after consuming gas-forming foods or drinks, the unpleasant symptoms disappear after a few hours on their own.

Things are much more serious when the cause is pathological.

If a hard lower abdomen is diagnosed, the reasons may include the following:

lack of enzymes. Enzyme or lactose deficiency is very common not only among children, but also among adults. The cause of a hard belly is lactase deficiency. This enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of dairy products. If there is a shortage of this component, milk enters the large intestine and is already digested there thanks to the local flora;
intestinal dysbiosis. This type of disease is accompanied by a violation of the microflora in the digestive tract. That is, the number of beneficial bacteria sharply decreases, and harmful ones increase;
the appearance of tumor-like formations: polyps, cysts, malignant formations;
intestinal obstruction.

Many patients are interested in the question, why do women have a hard stomach? Girls more often than men suffer from discomfort in the stomach.

When a hard belly is detected, the reasons for women are as follows:

psychological stress, regular stressful situations;
varicose veins in the pelvic area;
early pregnancy;
premenstrual syndrome;
the beginning of labor.

It is more difficult for women to cope with the problem. To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, it is not enough to take medication alone. You need to follow a diet and avoid various stressful situations.

Determining the causes of abdominal hardness

Many patients at doctor's appointments ask the question, why is the stomach hard? The first symptoms of a bloated belly often appear as a feeling of relief after removing the belt. Against this background, a person tries to wear clothes that do not cause significant discomfort.

The appearance of disturbances is indicated by sensations of tension in the groin and lower back. When palpating a dense abdomen, pain occurs.

Painful sensations arise as a result of the body’s reaction to a pathological process that occurs in any internal organ. These include an enlarged spleen, a congested liver, and a tumor in the colon.

Local pain occurs due to cirrhosis. But severe cases are also possible, when an unpleasant symptom indicates peritonitis, acute pancreatitis or primary liver cancer.

Why does the lower abdomen become swollen, hard and painful? These signs may indicate progressive ascites or active growth of tumor formations. Then the patient will complain of indigestion and heartburn.

During pregnancy, women often face the problem of increased intra-abdominal pressure. This is due to active growth fetus and uterine cavity. They compress internal organs. The diaphragm also rises, making breathing difficult when lying down or sitting.

A tight belly during pregnancy indicates the tone of the uterus. This condition is considered dangerous, because the risk of miscarriage and premature birth increases. In the last stages of pregnancy, the abdomen becomes elastic and hard at the onset of labor. In such cases, urgent hospitalization is required.

Diffuse swelling may be a reason for a thorough examination. The first thing the doctor is interested in is the tendency to drink alcohol. It is also necessary to identify whether there was a history of hematuria, jaundice, digestive disorders, rheumatic or cardiac pathologies. Upon receipt of data, the possibility of staging increases correct diagnosis. Then it is possible to diagnose cirrhosis, cancer of the digestive organs, kidney pathology in the form of nephrosis, and congestive heart failure.

Therapeutic measures for an elastic abdomen

A large and elastic belly is a reason to consult a specialist. With temporary swelling, unpleasant symptoms disappear after a few hours. If your stomach is constantly bloated and no measures help, then you should visit a doctor. Most often, such problems are dealt with by gastroenterologists.

Based on the complaint, accompanying symptoms and examination, the doctor prescribes an examination.

It is based on the following principles:

change feces for analysis to identify intestinal microflora;
examination of gastric juice;
submitting stool for bacteriological analysis;
bile examination;
ultrasound diagnostics of the abdominal organs;
fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy;
X-ray examination using a contrast agent.

Thanks to such techniques, an accurate diagnosis can be made.

After this, treatment is prescribed. It implies:

following a strict diet. Excluded from the menu gas-forming products in the form of cabbage, potatoes, dairy products, black bread. Every day you need to eat white stale bread, vegetable and fruit dishes, cereals, soups with low-fat meat broth, and fermented milk products;
performing physical exercises. Every day you need to do exercises that are aimed at eliminating the symptoms of bloating. Doctors also recommend including a daily walk of three kilometers;
prescription of medications. The patient is prescribed enzymes, probiotics, antispasmodics, choleretic agents, adsorbents.

For more serious pathologies, surgical intervention is performed. For cancerous formations, chemotherapy and radio wave therapy are prescribed. To support immunity, vitamins and immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed.

Modern medicine offers a wide choice diagnostic procedures, which allow the most complete examination of the stomach. All methods are conventionally divided into the following types: physical, clinical, instrumental diagnostics. Each type of research and method allows you to obtain a certain picture and, with a general analysis and interpretation of the results, make a diagnosis.

Diagnostic methods

Methods for examining the stomach are prescribed and carried out by a gastroenterologist based on the patient’s complaints about indigestion, abdominal pain, heaviness, bloating, heartburn, belching, and stool disorders.

The most common and effective traditional methods of examining the stomach are esophagogastroscopy (EGD), ultrasound, and fluoroscopy with contrast. Modernized, modern procedures that allow for a more accurate examination of the stomach include CT and MRI. Today medicine offers alternative options for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases, such as video pill, electrogastrography and electrogastroenterography.

Depending on the type and power of the device, you can examine all organs of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum), take biomaterial for histology and cytological analysis. Methods for examining the stomach can be used in combination in complex cases, or only some of them can be prescribed.

First, the doctor analyzes the complaints, examines the patient, palpates and listens to his abdomen.

All manipulations performed by a gastroenterologist are combined into three large groups:

A physical examination, when the doctor analyzes complaints, examines the patient, palpates and listens to his abdomen, determines how much the epigastric region hurts.
Laboratory tests that involve examining the patient’s biological fluids and tissues for hemoglobin, general and biochemical parameters.
Hardware techniques, when the patient is examined using certain devices, instruments and devices.

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Physical methods

The first way to make a diagnosis is to talk with the patient and perform a physical examination. It is carried out in several stages:

Conversation, history taking, analysis of the patient’s complaints, especially the nature of the pain.
General examination: evaluates appearance patient, changes in skin color and structure. Pale skin, exhaustion, cachexia indicate cancer, advanced pyloric stenosis, and lack of hemoglobin. Grayish skin, anorexia, and a doomed look signal a stomach ulcer, bleeding, and decreased hemoglobin.
Examination of the oral cavity. Caries indicates infection, lack of teeth indicates poor digestion. The condition of the tongue is also used to diagnose the disease:
- clean, moist - an ulcer in remission;
- grayish coating, bad odor - acute gastritis;
- dry tongue, acute stomach- peritonitis, perforation of deep erosions, acute pancreatitis, lack of hemoglobin due to bleeding;
- atrophic, smooth surface - stomach cancer, chronic gastritis with low acid content in gastric juice;
- ulceration - poisoning with acids, alkalis.
Palpation of the abdomen. In severely malnourished patients, the contours of the stomach are visualized, which can be used to determine pyloric stenosis, gross peristalsis, and tumors in the organ. When palpating, it is determined how much the epigastrium hurts, an acute abdomen, irritation or tension of the peritoneum are detected.
Percussion. In a certain position of the body, for example, when you need to lie down and raise your arms up, conditions are created under which noises, splashes, high or low tympanitis are heard from the stomach.
Auscultation. Listening allows you to evaluate the peristaltic sounds of the intestines and stomach.

Based on a physical examination, the doctor makes a preliminary diagnosis and can determine priority methods in order to conduct a more detailed examination of the stomach and duodenum.

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Clinical and biochemical types

The laboratory examination technique involves taking blood samples (they are given from a finger and a vein), urine, feces, followed by their examination for specific parameters, in particular, hemoglobin.

Blood is analyzed in two ways:

standard, when it is necessary to assess the degree of inflammation, anemia, determine the level of total hemoglobin and blood particles (erythrocytes, platelets, lymphocytes);
biochemical, when assessed as low or high level bilirubin, amylase, hemoglobin, ALT, AST, general characteristics of the blood serum. You should also take samples of biomaterials for cytology, histology and other specific tests.

Urinalysis allows us to judge general condition body. For example, if the diastase level is increased, pancreatitis is suspected; if urobilin increases, jaundice is suspected.

Stool analysis can determine the presence helminthic infestation, giardiasis, detect occult blood. The quality of digestion is also assessed. If you submit the material for culture, you can determine the state of the colon microflora.

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Ultrasound examination of the stomach

The first instrumental, probe-free method for examining the stomach when the stomach hurts is ultrasound. However, ultrasound allows one to assess the condition of only the terminal, exit zones of the organ due to the peculiarities of its location and filling. Consequently, ultrasound allows us to examine part of the stomach, the duodenal bulb, the pyloric canal and cave, areas of the lesser and greater curvature, and the sphincter in the pyloric region. Advantages:

ease of tracking peristalsis;
duplex scanning;
multi-positionality;
high speed of the procedure.

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X-ray

The method is carried out using a contrast agent in the form of a suspension of barium sulfate. Before the procedure, the patient drinks a solution that slowly fills the gastrointestinal tract. As the sulfate passes through, they are made x-rays different departments. Decoding is carried out according to the following indicators:

shape of a filled stomach;
organ contours;
uniformity of contrast distribution;
structure, motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Based on the combination of symptoms, peptic ulcer, tumor, gastritis, and evacuation dysfunction are diagnosed.

The most accurate data can be obtained by radial fluoroscopy on the condition of the laryngeal part, narrowing of the esophagus, diaphragm, codial parts and curvature of the stomach. Flaws:

limited information content;
constipation, difficulty passing hard, discolored stool.

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Gastropanel

The methods are the fastest and most effective options for preliminary diagnosis of gastric pathologies. Gastropanel (cytology, histology) includes a set of safe tests that detect:

dyspepsia;
Helicobacter infection;
atrophic form of gastritis.

At the same time, the risks of transformation of stomach diseases into cancer, peptic ulcer in the curvature, into severe atrophic forms with anemia with low hemoglobin, osteoporosis, pathologies of the heart, blood vessels, and central nervous system are assessed.

The essence of gastropanel diagnostics is the study of the patient’s venous blood according to a special program. The result includes decoding and comparison of indicators with standards, detailed description and treatment recommendations, graphical diagrams of possible risks of developing severe illness and complications.

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Probing, endoscopy, biopsy

Probing represents methods for studying the secretory function of the stomach. This procedure allows you to obtain samples and evaluate the contents of the stomach according to a number of parameters: acidity, enzymatic activity, etc. For this, a special thin, flexible tube is used, which is inserted through the patient’s mouth into all organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Depending on the diagnostic purposes, the contents of the stomach and duodenum are selected from different parts.

During gastroscopy, colonoscopy or esophagogastroduadenoscopy of the stomach, a visual assessment of the condition of the organ is performed using an endoscope - a probe with an optical tube, at the end of which there is a video camera and a lighting device. Using the procedure, superficial changes in the mucosa are detected that are not visualized by other methods. Goals of traditional gastroscopy or colonoscopy:

During the manipulation, tissue samples are taken from the gastric walls for biopsy with cytology and histology, which involves examining tissue if polyposis or organ cancer is suspected. The main advantage is the ability to determine the beginning malignant process at an early stage.

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Alternative Methods

Until now, to visualize the entire gastrointestinal tract, in particular the stomach, it was necessary to use unpleasant procedures involving swallowing a gastroscope. But the main advantage of such a device is its versatility, which consists in the ability to conduct an internal examination, take a biopsy for cytology with histology, carry out treatment (stopping bleeding that causes a drop in hemoglobin) or minor operations, for example, to remove small polyps.

capsule endoscopy;
CT (virtual colonoscopy/gastroscopy);
X-ray contrast examination;
electrogastrography (EGG) and electrogastroenterography (EGEG).

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"Video Pill"

Capsule endoscopy is a minimally invasive, probe-free option for examining the gastrointestinal tract in real time. Advantages:

more accurate data and breadth of assessment of the condition of the mucosa and walls;
the ability to detect diseases in the early stages;
absolute absence of pain;
the ability to choose the optimal treatment regimen.

The essence of the procedure:

the patient absorbs an 11x24 mm capsule equipped with a video sensor and goes home;
as it passes, the device captures several thousand frames.

You need to start the manipulation on an empty stomach, after which you can eat regular food. The operating time of the capsule is 6-8 hours. During this time, it is allowed to lead a normal lifestyle, with the exception of playing sports and performing sudden movements. At the end of the specified time, the patient returns to the hospital to transfer data from the device. The capsule itself leaves the body naturally in a few days. Flaws:

the impossibility of approaching the suspicious area for a more detailed examination;
inability to take a biopsy for histology.

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MRI

A modern non-invasive procedure for examining the entire body, in particular the stomach, is magnetic resonance imaging. It is performed on a special tomograph equipped with a movable electromagnetic table, a camera, and a computer with a powerful OS for visualizing the stomach and processing the data obtained. To do this, the patient lies down on a table that slides into the tomograph. While the patient lies motionless, following the doctor’s instructions, pictures are taken and transferred to the PC. Advantages:

minimal preparation for the procedure;
no pain during conduction;
obtaining a clear 3D image of the affected areas;
no problems with the removal of solid feces.

Flaws:

high price;
the need for the patient to have no metal implants or pacemakers.

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CT

Computed tomography is a virtual gastroscopy/colonoscopy. The stomach is viewed using X-rays in a tomograph. The presence of pathological seals is determined by the throughput of X-rays:

dark, clear tissue indicates polyposis disease;
light, gray - absence of formations.

By rotating the device, you can obtain a slice of an organ or seal. Disadvantages of virtual colonoscopy:

inability to identify small seals;
the need to insert a tube into the colon to supply air and expand the gastrointestinal tract, which improves visibility, and this can cause pain and discomfort;
careful preparation with a consistent diet is required.

Virtual beam colonoscopy is contraindicated:

pregnant women;
for obesity.

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Barium porridge and x-ray

X-ray contrast diagnostics involves examining the lumen of the stomach, its performance, motility, and ability to evacuate by obtaining X-ray images after ingesting barium porridge. To obtain detailed images, the patient must constantly turn over and may need to raise his arms above his head. The procedure lasts 2-4 hours. Disadvantages of the method:

lack of information in the initial stages of inflammatory processes or pathologies with minor deviations from the norm;
thorough preparation for manipulation;
the need to fast for some time and come for manipulation on an empty stomach;
abdominal pain, constipation;
You may begin to pass hard white stool containing barium after the procedure.

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EGG and EGEG

Electrogastroenterography is a study of the motility of the stomach and intestines.

New modern methods for diagnosing gastric pathologies - electrogastrography and electrogastroenterography. The procedures apply to children and adults without restrictions. The essence of the method is the assessment of incoming electrical signals from the organ that performs contractile work during the digestion of food. Each organ has muscles that supply different frequencies such signals.

The electrogastrography method is used to assess gastric motility; electrogastroenterography is used to assess the performance of the intestinal tract and stomach. To do this, it connects to a person special device for reading impulses of peristaltic contractions. The methods are used as auxiliary methods - to clarify a previously made diagnosis. Advantages:

carrying out the procedure without pain;
no preparation requirements (it is enough to come for the procedure after cleansing the gastrointestinal tract, on an empty stomach and after breakfast with a piece of bread and tea);
Applicability at any age, position, state of health.

The procedure is carried out in two stages:

on an empty stomach;
after a light breakfast.

The total duration of the manipulation does not exceed 3 hours. Recording of impulses is carried out in a lying position; you may need to raise your arms up. An electrogastrograph is attached to the patient's abdominal wall to measure the rhythm frequency using 3 suction cups. The obtained data are compared with fixed standards.

The method is useful for problems with moving a food bolus, pain, and digestive problems, for example, with slow or accelerated gastric motility. With complex gastrointestinal examination Using electrogastroenterography, the suction cups cling to the abdomen, arms and legs on a daily and normal basis.

A distinctive feature of electrogastroenterography (EGEG) is an examination of intestinal and stomach motility. During the procedure, the suction cups are fixed on the abdominal cavity or on the legs and arms (daily or standard modes). It is carried out in a lying position and in two stages. The results are evaluated according to special coefficients, interpretation is carried out according to different ratios/directions/bends. Then they are compared with fixed standards. Any deviations indicate a disease.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, namely the colon, in which an inflammatory process occurs. As a result of pathogenic inflammation, necrosis and ulcers form in some areas of the intestine. But since this is a disease chronic, it tends to progress.

The inflammation does not affect the small intestine, but partially affects only some areas of the large intestine. First, the disease manifests itself in the sigmoid or rectum, then during inflammation it spreads to other nearby areas.

Can ulcerative colitis be cured?

This issue is becoming increasingly relevant against the backdrop of an increasing number of patients with this diagnosis. Chronic diseases, as a rule, are not subject to complete healing. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis refers specifically to this type, but this does not boil down to the fact that you need to refuse treatment and let everything take its course.

This gastrointestinal disorder can be controlled if you seek medical help in a timely manner. The specialist, in turn, will carry out diagnostic measures, collect test results, and based on them will be able to draw up a treatment plan. It will help significantly alleviate the patient's condition. This must be done immediately, since this disease has periods of exacerbation.

If you completely ignore your condition over a long period of time, then exacerbations may occur, even leading to death. Correct treatment technology and dietary food will help prevent repeated attacks along with outbreaks of relapses. Therefore, if everything is done correctly, the course of treatment is followed exactly, the person’s quality of life is preserved without significant deterioration. But with all this, persistent remission can make itself felt for many years.

Symptoms

Before moving on to describing the symptoms, each patient should know that they, first of all, depend on the location of the inflammatory process and its intensity. And conditionally they are divided into intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. Now we will consider them in as much detail as possible so that no one has any questions. But it is worth keeping in mind that this material is primarily given for information, so that a person knows what is happening in his body and what signs are characteristic of his condition.

Intestinal symptoms

Diarrhea

Mucus and bloody clots may be present in the stool. If there is pus in the stool, it has a rather specific smell. It is not at all necessary that they will be observed during every act of defecation; it can be between breaks. The frequency of bowel movements is up to twenty times a day. A patient can lose about three hundred milliliters of blood per day. If the disease occurs in a milder form, bowel movements occur twice a day - in the morning and late evening.

Pain syndromes

The pain depends on the intensity, but in nature it can be sharp or weak. In some cases, it is not possible to get rid of painful attacks with the help of medicines. This already indicates that an exacerbation has begun.

The pain is usually localized in the left side of the abdominal cavity or in the iliac region. They get worse before bowel movement, but go away after bowel movement and the condition stabilizes a little. Also, pain can bother a person after eating, and it can be relieved with the help of painkillers. But any medication should be taken only after consultation with a medical professional.

High temperature, signs of intoxication

The temperature in this case does not rise to subfebrile numbers on the thermometer.

General signs of intoxication:

exhaustion;
dizziness;
depression;
change of mood. This manifests itself in the form of irritability and tearfulness;
decreased appetite. Against this background, a decrease in body weight occurs. This condition can lead to anorexia.

These signs manifest themselves if the disease is severe.

Tenesmus (false defecation positions)

If the intestines are empty, there has already been an urge to go to the toilet, and pus or mucus may be released. In addition, fecal incontinence is a pronounced symptom of flatulence.

Loose stools give way to constipation

This sign indicates that progressive inflammation has begun in the mucous membrane that lines the large intestine.

It is very important to know that ulcerative colitis can evolve in different ways. Depending on the period from which treatment was started, immediately after receiving a conclusion on the state of health or there were no measures taken. Sometimes ulcerative colitis can develop rapidly. This form is called fulminant. It will be discussed a little further in the text, and you can learn more about it in your doctor’s office.

Extraintestinal symptoms

Erythema, necrosis

With increased circulation in the blood of pathogenic microbes and immanent complexes to combat them, the appearance of erythema nodosum, gangrene pyoderma. These are subcutaneous nodules that are easily detected by palpation. There may also be focal dermatitis, pustular and urticarial rashes.

Oropharynx lesion

Occurs in ten percent of patients. This manifests itself due to the spread of aphthae after remission is observed. In parallel with this, ulcerative stomatitis, glossitis, and gingivitis develop in the mouth.

Eye disease

This phenomenon is observed extremely rarely. According to statistics, chorioditis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, neuritis, anophthalmos are observed in less than eight percent. With timely treatment and seeking medical help, everything goes away without a trace. In advanced cases, of course, relapses can occur. Such outbreaks are controlled by specialists in hospital settings. These measures are not feasible at home.

Joint damage

The precursors of ulcerative colitis are arthritis, spondylitis, sacroiliitis. Damage to joint tissue is also possible. More often than other internal organs, the lungs are affected.

Endocrine system disorders

Very rarely, patients complain of glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, osteoporosis. Against the backdrop of violations endocrine system, malfunctions of the biliary tract and liver function occur.

In practice, the development of hemolytic anemia and autoimmune thyroiditis is not uncommon.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis, signs

In order not to confuse the initial symptoms with other similar gastrointestinal diseases, you need to know what signs are characteristic of colitis.

The disease can develop in several scenarios:

Loose stools. After some time, mucus and bloody discharge can be found in the stool.
Anal bleeding. It may become exposed immediately after the manifestation of inflammation. In this case, the stool will not be liquid, but more formed.
Simultaneous occurrence of the first 2 signs.

The disease begins to progress with diarrhea, which is caused by the development of extensive inflammation in the colon. Against this background, it is no longer in a state to adsorb water and sodium. Blood appears because ulcers form on the mucous membrane, forming loose connective tissue, permeated vascular network. Symptoms may subside, but then increase in severity again.

In addition to loose stools, initial symptoms may be: fever and pain, with predominant localization in the left side. The patient may experience pain in the joints because they are affected soft fabrics with an accelerated rate of development of the disease.

So, four signs with which you can independently identify nonspecific ulcerative colitis. These are diarrhea with blood, abdominal discomfort, high fever, pain and aches in the joints and muscles.

Causes of the disease

The etiological question still remains open to study the reasons that contribute to the development of ulcerative colitis.

Today there are known risk factors that have a provoking effect on the development of inflammation:

Genetic predisposition. The risk that a loved one will suffer from ulcerative colitis increases if similar diagnoses have already been identified in the family.
Infectious nature of the disease. The intestinal tract is an organ that contains multiple amounts of useful and pathogenic microorganisms. In most cases, it is the latter that begin to provoke inflammation.
Autoimmune mechanisms. Ulcerative colitis is associated with seasonal exacerbations. It can be treated with hormonal drugs. Scientists, after conducting several studies, have proven that the more severe the inflammatory process in the intestines, the more complicated the changes in immunity become.
Violation of the daily diet. A person should eat five times a day, in small portions. The menu should be varied, including fresh fruits and vegetables. By the way, this is useful not only for people who are already sick, but also for completely healthy people.
Constant stress, depression and other traumatic factors. But since there are situations in life that simply cannot be controlled, the best option There will be an appeal to a psychologist. He, in turn, will listen to the reasons that contribute to the outburst negative emotions, and will appoint suitable medicine. These can be soothing decoctions, infusions, or tablets.

Experts come to a unanimous conclusion that ulcerative colitis can appear due to the influence of many factors. But the main role goes to intestinal pathogenic bacteria.

Types of Ulcerative Colitis

In medicine, there are several forms of this disease, which are divided only by location and intensity.

Depending on the location, it can be:

Left-handed. Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, pain on the left side, loss of appetite. The latter leads to the development of dystrophy. This form is distinguished by the fact that it mainly affects the colon;
Total. Symptoms: persistent pain, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, decreased blood pressure, hemorrhagic shock. This form is considered the most life-threatening for the patient. If there is a delay in treatment, irreversible consequences may appear in the form of complications;
Distal. Symptoms: sharp pain in the left iliac region, mucus and blood in the stool, flatulence, constipation. It is characterized mainly by inflammation in the sigmoid and rectum simultaneously.

In addition, it can be “Pancolitis” (inflammation of the entire rectum) and “Proctitis”.

Depending on the degree of development, it tends to be chronic continuous, acute (fulminant) or chronic recurrent colitis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made not at home, but in a special laboratory. To do this you will need to submit:

General blood analysis. It can be used to determine the number of leukocytes and signs of anemia.
Blood chemistry. Indicates the number of immunoglobulins, the content of albumin, magnesium and calcium.
Immunological blood test. Using this, specialists are able to identify cytoplasmic antibodies.

Endoscopy, colonoscopy and rectoscopy indicate the presence of swelling, hyperemia, bleeding in the intestinal lumen. If this study is carried out during a period of remission, atrophy of the intestinal mucosa is observed.

In addition, scientists are developing new types of surveys. One of these is capsule. In some cases, it can replace conoscopy. This procedure does not cause discomfort and is not painful. However, imaging is poorer than rectal examination.

Treatment

Therapy is carried out symptomatic methods, because it affects the source of inflammation by medication not possible. The main goal of the specialist is to relieve inflammation, prevent complications and establish a state of stable remission.

Conservative methods of combating the disease

Diet food

It is necessary to adhere to a diet when the disease is acute. The patient completely limits himself to food and tries to drink more clean water. When acute form will be cured, you can switch to protein foods - eggs, cottage cheese, low-fat meat/fish products. Consumption of various porridges and berry compotes is also beneficial. In especially severe cases, the patient is transferred to artificial feeding.

Other treatments:

taking vitamins;
taking anti-inflammatory drugs;
taking corticosteroids and hormonal drugs. You should first consult your doctor;
taking symptomatic and antibacterial medications.

In addition, physiotherapeutic methods are used to influence the disease. Current treatment, interference therapy and some others have been found to be particularly effective.

Surgery is necessary for profuse bleeding, perforation of the intestinal wall, accumulation of pus, and the presence of toxic megacolon.

Be healthy!

All information about pain in the pit of the stomach

The causes of pain in the pit of the stomach are often associated with diseases of the stomach or upper intestine.

Appendicitis

A complex disease that masquerades as many other diseases. The appendix performs a disinfecting function. Tests food before sending it to the small and large intestines.

Localization and nature of pain

Painful sensations can be observed:

immediately below on the right side of the abdomen;
under the ribs on the right side;
in the lumbar region;
less often in the pubic or scrotal area.

Additional symptoms

Characteristic symptoms appear:

nausea;
one-time vomiting;
temperature increase;
loss of appetite;
cardiopalmus;
the tongue is covered with a white coating.

Attending doctor

Diagnosis

To diagnose appendicitis, follow these steps:

medical history and examination of the patient (palpation of the area under the stomach, temperature measurement);
identification of specific symptoms;
laboratory tests: clinical, general analysis blood and feces;
blood biochemistry;
Ultrasound of the peritoneum.

Appendicitis is treated mainly surgically. Sometimes there are complications due to late treatment, when the appendix loses its integrity and its contents end up in the abdominal cavity.

Attack of pancreatitis

There are many reasons for an attack of pancreatitis, including:

increased likelihood of developing a disease that is transmitted genetically;
excessive consumption of spicy, fatty foods and alcohol;
side effects of certain medications.

Localization and nature of pain

In acute pancreatitis, intense, prolonged pain in the pit of the stomach of a girdle nature is observed. It can also be dull, cutting in nature, sometimes the pain radiates to the back, lower back, or under the shoulder blade. Pain syndrome in chronic pancreatitis manifests itself as pain an hour after eating.

Additional symptoms

Painful sensations are accompanied by attacks of nausea and repeated vomiting. Additional symptoms include:

flatulence;
diarrhea;
poor appetite;
change from loose stool to hard stool and vice versa, constipation for two or three days;
dry mouth;
elevated temperature;
belching;
hiccups;
chills;
white coating on the tongue;
labored breathing;
weight loss;
the skin becomes grayish;
increased pain when lying down.

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

To confirm acute pancreatitis, the first step is to examine and interview the patient. Afterwards, a diagnosis is carried out to exclude possible other diseases in the patient and establish an exclusively correct diagnosis. Laboratory and hardware tests are carried out:

clinical and biochemical analysis blood;
general urine test for diastasis;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
The state of the digestive function of all organs is assessed.

Acute pancreatitis is treated only in a hospital setting. Emergency assistance not provided in time can lead to death.

Myocardial infarction in gastralgic form

The gastralgic form of myocardial infarction manifests itself in the uncharacteristic development of an attack with pain in the peritoneum. Most often, those who have diseases of the abdominal organs do not think that it could be a heart attack.

Localization and nature of pain

Painful sensations last for several days, are located in the upper abdomen, but with a deep history they are found in the heart area and behind the sternum.

Additional symptoms

TO associated symptoms Myocardial infarction in the gastrolgic form includes:

Attending doctor

Cardiologist

Diagnosis

To diagnose an atypical form of myocardial infarction, a detailed analysis of the patient’s medical history is performed. An ECG is also an important study, which dispels doubts in determining the diagnosis. Analysis for cardiotropic proteins is also important.

Treatment of this disease should be carried out only in a hospital setting, since the patient’s well-being must be constantly monitored. Treatment consists of therapeutic and medicinal methods.

The first method involves restricting any body movements. The patient must maintain rest and diet, and avoid stressful situations.

Spontaneous pneumothorax

The disease is characterized by a sharp violation of the integrity pleural cavity and the penetration of air into it from the lung tissue. Divided into primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Localization and nature of pain

Acute pain appears suddenly in the right or left side of the chest, radiating to the epigastric region.

Additional symptoms

Spontaneous pneumothorax causes:

Attending doctor

Surgeon, pulmonologist

Diagnosis

When diagnosing spontaneous pneumothorax, the main thing is to examine the chest. Also important:

radiography;
chest x-ray;
drainage of the pleural cavity;
thoracoscopy;
X-ray of the esophagus.

With spontaneous pneumothorax, it is necessary to get rid of the air collected in the pleural cavity as soon as possible so that the lung expands. To quickly expand the lung, the following are prescribed:

bronchoscopy;
special inhalations;
breathing exercises;
treatment with oxygen.

Purulent peritonitis

Purulent inflammation in the abdominal cavity, most often occurring due to a foreign body, inflammation of the internal organs, or damage to the intestines.

Localization and nature of pain
The pain spreads throughout the abdominal cavity and is intense.

Additional symptoms
Along with pain, the patient is worried about:

prolonged nausea, turning into vomiting;
flatulence;
dry and pale skin;
dryness of the mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity;
coldness of the extremities and blueness of the nails;
tachycardia;
increased blood pressure;
anxiety, feeling of fear;
gradual loss of consciousness (in rare cases).

Attending doctor

Diagnosis

In case of purulent peritonitis, diagnosis must be carried out on the first day of detection of symptoms, since performing surgery immediately will give a high chance of a full recovery. The following procedures are indicated for the patient:

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
radiography of the peritoneum;
General and biochemical blood test.

If the results are inaccurate, you should consult with an endoscopist. He will examine the abdominal cavity using the optical system of a laparoscope, which is inserted through punctures in the peritoneal wall.

The primary medical history of the patient often reveals an exacerbation of organ diseases digestive tract, so he is assigned to the gastroenterology department. After a detailed examination, if there is a suspicion of purulent appendicitis, the patient is immediately transferred to the intensive care unit and prepared for surgery.

Treatment of peritonitis is carried out only by surgery. A thorough surgical treatment (sanation), examination, and drainage of the abdominal cavity are performed.

Ulcer perforation

A perforated ulcer is characterized by a breakthrough of the ulcer into the free cavity of the peritoneum, into the space behind the peritoneum, or into nearby organs.

Localization and nature of pain

The disease is characterized by acute pain that appears in the epigastric region. When food enters the free abdominal cavity from the stomach, a sharp pain syndrome is observed.

Additional symptoms
Often perforation of an ulcer is characteristic of:

Attending doctor

Surgeon, gastroenterologist
Diagnosis

Research is carried out and the presence of characteristic symptoms is determined (Kulenkampf, Shchetkin - Blumberg). Among the studies:

radiography;
gastroscopy;
laparotomy (for complications).

The only treatment for a perforated ulcer is immediate surgery. During surgery, the perforated ulcer is sutured. Tamponade may also be performed (in rare cases).

Hepatic colic

This disease is characterized by impaired patency biliary tract in the common bile duct.

Localization and nature of pain
With renal colic, the patient is bothered by acute pain, cramping in the pit of the stomach, possibly in the right hypochondrium. Painful sensations may radiate under the right shoulder blade.

Additional symptoms
In addition to pain, secondary signs of hepatic colic are: vomiting (due to acute pain in the stomach), fever (may subside or persist for several days).

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

When diagnosing, the following studies are carried out:

thorough questioning and examination of the patient;
palpation of the abdominal cavity;
definition of the Kera and Murphy symptom;
Analysis of urine;
radiography of the peritoneal organs;
cholecystography;

If renal colic is diagnosed, the patient is indicated for urgent hospitalization in the gastroenterology department. Also, during an attack it is forbidden to eat; every other day the patient is transferred to diet No. 5. Antispasmodic drugs are administered. If the attack does not go away within 6 hours, the patient is transferred to the surgery department, where the doctor decides whether the operation will be performed.

With frequent manifestations of renal colic, cholecystectomy is used.

Infectious diseases

Among infectious diseases, causing pain in the pit of the stomach include: food poisoning, salmonellosis, acute dysentery.

Localization and nature of pain
Most often, spontaneous pain, which is localized in the abdomen, navel, and mesogastrium. Characterized by aching pain.

Additional symptoms

In addition to pain, infectious diseases are characterized by the following symptoms:

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made based on the results of an examination of the patient. Certain tests (stool, blood, urine and saliva) are taken.

For these diseases, gastric lavage, siphon enema, and sorbents are indicated.

Typhus

This disease is classified as infectious. Typhus occurs cyclically and affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems. There are several stages of the disease.

Localization and nature of pain

The pain worries in the epigastric region and affects the solar plexus.

Additional symptoms

At initial stage:

temperature rises;
headache, dizziness, fatigue, muscle aches appear;
the occurrence of insomnia;
rashes on the abdomen, chest and limbs;
lowering blood and blood pressure;
sinus rhythm disturbance;
redness of the skin on the face.

At its height, the rash spreads throughout the body, and cyclical, intensifying headaches appear. Also, the pain syndrome concerns the lower back, which indicates the occurrence of pathology in the vessels of the kidneys.

The patient is concerned about:

flatulence;
constipation;
urination disorder (painful);
swollen tongue;
occurrence: swallowing disorders, symptoms - different pupil sizes, rapid eye movements, weakened pupils.

The severe form of the rash type is characterized by:

symptoms continue for a week;
enlarged: liver, spleen;
the appearance of destructive behavior;
the occurrence of motor disturbances, which are expressed in different degrees;
the occurrence of memory gaps.

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist
Diagnosis

The diagnosis is determined thanks to:

blood test;
cerebrospinal fluid analysis;
blood chemistry;
X-ray of the lungs;

Compliance bed rest one of the important treatment measures, which also includes a special diet and hospital stay.

Drugs used:

Levomycetin;
Erythromycin;
Adrenalin;
Diazolin;
Tavegil.

Treatment lasts two weeks, after which the patient is discharged.

Damage to the diaphragm

Among the lesions of the diaphragm, the most commonly affected are diaphragmatic hernias. They can be of traumatic or non-traumatic origin.

Localization and nature of pain

The nature of the pain is similar to painful sensations with gastritis and ulcers, localized under the spoon and sternum.

Additional symptoms

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

Attending doctor

Therapist

Diagnosis

An anamnesis and examination of the patient is carried out. To ensure the correct diagnosis, X-rays with contrast and endoscopy are performed.

A strangulated hernia requires urgent surgical intervention. A diet is also prescribed.

Damage to the duodenum

This disease is also called duodenitis. Often, inflammation of the duodenum appears along with gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and colitis. Duodenitis occurs due to food poisoning, frequent use spicy food and alcohol.

Localization and nature of pain

The pain syndrome is located in the pit of the stomach.

Additional symptoms

Duodenitis can be recognized by the following signs6

heaviness in the stomach after eating (feeling of discomfort);
bloating;
diarrhea;
belching;
cyclic vomiting, nausea;
bleeding during bowel movements or vomiting;
anemia;
weakness in the body.

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

To make a diagnosis, the doctor must palpate the area under the pit of the stomach. He also conducts a thorough medical history and sends for the following studies:

EFGDS;
blood biochemistry;
biopsy;
Ultrasound of the peritoneal organs;
X-ray of the stomach and duodenum and stomach (if necessary, contrast is administered);
antibody test.

For duodenitis, treatment combines medication, physiotherapy and sanatorium-resort methods.

Dysfunction of the liver and bile ducts

Biliary dyskinesia is characterized by impaired excretion of bile. This occurs due to a problem with the contraction of the gallbladder and ducts. Women are more prone to developing the disease. There are two forms of biliary dyskinesia.

Localization and nature of pain

With dysfunction of the liver and bile ducts, the patient is tormented by aching, sharp and paroxysmal pain.

Additional symptoms

The presence of such symptoms indicates biliary dyskinesia:

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis
The following studies will indicate an accurate diagnosis:

blood test for biochemistry;
ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and liver;
bile analysis;
X-ray of the gallbladder.

One of the main methods of treating liver and bile duct dysfunction is diet. For a certain form of dyskinesia, it is necessary to adhere to a specific diet.

Hiatal hernia

With this disease, the area of the digestive system expands. There are three types.

Localization and nature of pain

The resulting pain, characteristic of a hiatal hernia, radiates to the back. It is moderate in nature at the initial stage and intensifies with severe development of the disease.

Additional symptoms

Hiatal hernia has the following symptoms:

burning sensation in the esophagus;
hiccups;
anemia;
swallowing disorder.

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

To diagnose this pathology no serious research is required, it will be enough:

X-ray of the peritoneum, chest, esophagus;
endoscopy with contrast injection;
Esophageal manometry;
General analysis of blood, urine and feces.

The pathology can be cured with conservative and radical method. In the first case, the following are used: a special diet, physical therapy, and medications.

Gastritis

The disease leads to stomach problems due to disruption of the mucous layer of the organ. Gastritis has spread among both adults and children. There are acute and chronic forms.

Localization and nature of pain

The pain is localized in the pit of the stomach and has an acute, burning character.

Additional symptoms

Symptoms of the disease:

pain in the epigastric region after eating;
vomit;
nausea;
loss of appetite;
bloating;
involuntary passage of gases from the esophagus or stomach;
feeling of heaviness in the upper abdomen after eating;
weight loss.

Attending doctor

Gastroenterologist

Diagnosis

Make a diagnosis of gastritis, to the good doctor It won't be difficult, you just need to do some research:

gastroscopy;
FGDS;
mucosal biopsy;
blood test for antibodies;
analysis of stool for the presence of blood in it;
X-ray of the peritoneum.

Therapy for chronic and acute gastritis is different; in the first case, you should follow a diet, take certain medications that normalize the acidity of gastric juice and restore the mucous membrane. In the second case, you need to urgently consult a doctor.

Pyelonephritis

The disease is bacterial and inflammatory in nature and develops in one kidney. There are acute and chronic forms. More often, females suffer from pyelonephritis.

Localization and nature of pain

The location of the pain syndrome is in the lower back.

Additional symptoms

Secondary symptoms of the disease include:

elevated temperature;
swelling of the face;
convulsive muscle contraction;
nausea, vomiting;
deterioration of general condition.

Attending doctor

Diagnosis

To determine the diagnosis, the following is carried out:

examination and medical history of the patient;
urine and blood analysis;
radiography;
Ultrasound of the kidneys;
CT scan of the kidneys (to rule out abnormalities).

Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the treatment of pyelonephritis. Painkillers (Ibuprofen, Aspirin) are also prescribed.

Ulcerative colitis

Damage to the mucous membrane of the large intestine is revealed by ulcerative inflammation affecting the rectum. Distributes sequentially or simultaneously to all parts of the colon.

Localization and nature of pain

Pain syndrome is observed in the abdomen.

Additional symptoms

Signs of ulcerative colitis include:

the presence of blood in the stool;
loose stools;
constipation;
flatulence;
symptoms of intoxication (with severe spread of inflammation).

Diagnosis

It is carried out using instrumental and laboratory research techniques:

endoscopic examination;
histological analysis;
X-ray with the introduction of a contrast agent;
blood and stool tests;
bacteriological cultures;
molecular genetic research.

Therapy for ulcerative colitis is carried out both on an outpatient basis (in the initial and moderate stages) and in the hospital (in the severe stage). A special diet and medication are also prescribed. Among the approved drugs: Sulfasalazine. Mezavant. Hydrocortisone. Prednisolone. Cyclosporine. Methotrexate.

In what case should you see a doctor immediately?

Each of the above diseases requires a mandatory visit to the doctor. However, if you suspect appendicitis, a perforated ulcer, infectious diseases and hepatic colic, you should urgently call an ambulance.

First aid

If you are concerned about sharp, acute pain in the abdominal cavity, vomiting, nausea and general deterioration of your condition, you must take a horizontal position and avoid eating.

Prevention

Preventative measures can prevent the occurrence of many diseases gastrointestinal tract, among them:

rational nutrition (eating in small portions at a certain time, drinking enough liquid, limiting the consumption of heavy carbohydrates);
healthy lifestyle (drinking alcohol in small quantities, not smoking excessively, walking in the fresh air);