How to relieve the symptoms of an internal boil. What not to do. Video - Treatment of boils

The process of maturation of an abscess is quite painful and lengthy. The final period depends on the size of the boil, its location and the individual characteristics of the body. The average time is 7-10 days. When a boil matures, a person feels pain aching character on the affected area of ​​skin. During this period, it is important to follow a number of rules:

• do not touch the boil with your hands (if this happens, wash your hands with antibacterial soap);
• if the abscess clings to clothing, cover it with gauze or a bandage, secure the bandage with an adhesive plaster;
• Other people's personal hygiene products, linen and towels are prohibited.

ATTENTION! It is allowed to treat a boil at home if its size does not exceed 5 mm, and there is no fever or other symptoms of intoxication. If the abscess brings noticeable discomfort and quickly increases in size, it is better to visit a doctor.

Process stages

The maturation process consists of several stages. The first is called infiltration. It begins from the moment the infection penetrates the layers of the epidermis. Signs: blurred swelling on the skin, itching and pain when pressed, local pulsation. Duration – up to 4 days.

The next stage is secondary or immediate maturation. At this time, a purulent rod is formed, the boundaries of the boil are clearly marked, and the head of the rod is visible. This stage takes up to 5 days. The result is a mature boil. The final stage is a breakthrough or independent opening of the neoplasm, removal of pus and gradual self-cleaning of the wound.

So, how long does it usually take for a boil to mature? During a normal course, the entire cycle (including breakthrough) takes from 9 to 15 days. If a person uses supportive treatment measures, the process becomes even shorter (a week). The quality of ripening also depends on the general condition immune system.

Photo

Below you can see a photo of an immature and mature boil.

What if the boil does not ripen within the designated period?

If the boil does not mature, and the head of the rod is in the first stage for more than 6 days and does not break through, it is required health care. Failure to consult a doctor will cause a number of complications:

• high temperature, fever;
• development of the inflammation process;
• abscess formation;
• vascular thrombosis;
• provoking dangerous pathologies (meningitis, sepsis).

What can I do to make the closed abscess finally come out?

Initial mandatory actions– adjustment of the usual lifestyle.

Important! In order for the abscess to ripen faster, it is recommended to review the diet and remove harmful, spicy, sweet foods and smoked foods from it.

It is important to normalize the balance of fluid intake - drink at least 2 liters per day. Particular attention should be paid to body hygiene(washing hands, treating skin with antibacterial agents). If after performing all the steps the boil does not come out and remains the same, more radical methods are required.

Medication methods

In medical offices, speeding up the boil ripening process is usually done using the following methods.

1. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The purpose of the procedure is to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, regenerate damaged tissues, and improve oxygen supply.
2. Thermal effect. Indication – rapid removal of pus from the wound surface.
3. Treating the skin with antiseptic agents. For this, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, boric alcohol or salicylic acid are used.
4. Applications with medicinal ointments (Ichthyol, Vishnevsky ointment, Tetracycline).

After the abscess has broken through, bandages with antibiotics are indicated. The procedure is necessary to stop the process of inflammation and disinfect necrotic tissue.

The last option is to undergo surgery. If there is no effect conservative treatment, resort to surgical care. The doctor makes the patient local anesthesia and opens the cavity of the boil with a scalpel.

The surgeon cleanses the wound of pus, removes the rod and necrotic tissue. Be sure to insert drainage into the treated wound for 5-6 days. Next, a bandage with a disinfecting solution is applied to the wound surface. The patient is simultaneously prescribed a course of antibiotics and vitamins.

REFERENCE! An alternative to surgery is laser removal of the abscess. The procedure takes 30-40 minutes. The laser burns out the contents of the abscess, leaving no scars on the skin after treatment.

Folk recipes

To make the boil open faster, the affected area of ​​skin can be treated with some folk remedies. It is advisable to start treatment at home from the first stage of boil formation - when itching and redness appear on the skin. If the abscess has already been opened, traditional methods use is prohibited.

A selection of effective recipes:

It is forbidden to open the contents of the boil yourself. The purulent contents will enter adjacent tissues and into the bloodstream. This can lead to dangerous complications, from sepsis to death.

So, the period of ripening of a boil depends on its size and the state of immunity. The normal time period is from 7 to 15 days. If after this period the abscess has not ruptured, the first thing to do is seek medical help. They will speed up the ripening period, in addition to medical procedures, folk recipes. If healing effect absent, surgery or laser removal of the boil is indicated.

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• What to do, if

Internal boil is one of the purulent diseases, which is quite common. More often affects men. The localization locations can be very different, but, as a rule, it occurs where there are a lot of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. In addition, the skin here has a significant level of sweating or rubbing against clothing. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a boil, as the formation is popularly called, to appear in the groin, on the head, under the arms, on the buttocks and internal surfaces hips

Features of the skin defect

An internal boil, despite its seemingly uncomplicated nature, causes a lot of trouble. It lies deep and only in 10% of cases breaks out on its own. But the surgeon has to deal with the remaining 90%. These are not banal acne, that is, scientific acne.

The disease is dangerous not only because of the presence of pus, but also because it can go inside, infecting the body and leading to dangerous complication– sepsis.

The very possibility of the formation of a boil indicates that some kind of inflammatory process, which activated staphylococci, which adds the risk of serious large-scale infection. Pus may well provoke it.

Why does an abscess occur?

The causes and treatment of internal boils have been studied quite well. medical science. Therefore, diagnostics and therapeutic measures do not cause any difficulties. The main thing is that the patient does not harm himself by trying to squeeze out this large formation. If a person has a weakened immune system, if he is under stress and has microscopic damage to the skin, then this is already a factor contributing to infection.

Also, the occurrence of chiryaks is possible due to:

• violations of hygiene rules;
• vitamin deficiency (especially lack of B vitamins);
• hormonal imbalances;
• significant overheating or hypothermia;
• chronic inflammation in organism;
• improper metabolism.

The development of a boil is provoked by staphylococcus, which enters deep into the skin, where it actively multiplies and forms an internal boil.

Stages of boil development

A boil hidden under the skin goes through several stages before a person can consider himself cured. Although formations arise for many reasons, however, like a regular pimple, they go through a similar path of maturation.

First, an infiltrate occurs, that is, cellular elements, which include lymph and blood, accumulate in some part of the body. This period is called the infiltration stage. In this case, the hair follicle is affected, and a rather significant infiltration zone is formed, which can have several centimeters in diameter. The skin swells, tingles, turns red. Muscle movements in this area are painful.

The formation of abscesses is observed after a few days. In the middle of the inflammation, a yellowish rod appears. If the pus flows out on its own, the swelling disappears, and the disease moves to the next stage. However, it is not possible to part with an internal boil so easily. Most likely, you will need the help of a surgeon.

The stage of healing and regression is characterized by the formation of connective tissue in the place where the purulent mass came out. If the boil was large, it is quite possible that a scar will remain.

An internal boil is unpleasant and dangerous due to the delayed formation of the stem. It is not visible because it grows inward. The disease lasts a long time.

Why can’t you get rid of boils yourself? If the manipulations are performed incorrectly, then the person will experience chronic furunculosis. This means that from time to time the chiryaks will pop up again and again.

Why is it dangerous?

A boil under the skin is enough serious illness. Therefore, you should contact a surgeon who will correctly remove the abscess, saving the patient from the danger of meningitis, abscess, sepsis if infections have penetrated into the blood and lymph.

The skin boil lies quite deep. It is unlikely that you will be able to remove it yourself, but it is easy to spread staphylococci over a large area.

As a reaction to staphylococcal toxins, angioedema may even occur, indicating an allergic reaction.

How it appears and feels

When a subcutaneous boil is just beginning to emerge, its symptoms are as follows:

• dense formation;
• any movement at the location internal boil causes pain;
• it feels like it is located quite deep in the skin;
• the person’s temperature is elevated;
• the affected area is red and hot;
• the purulent head is not always visible.

Treatment should be entrusted to a professional, since the affected area is quite large, and the occurrence of purulent masses is deep.

How to cure an internal boil

To get rid of purulent formation, there are traditional and modern methods. The first are aimed at accelerating the maturation of the head, and the second - at more fast healing opened abscess.

Both medication and physiotherapeutic methods are used. For example, to quickly form a rod, use dry heat, pulling ointments such as Ichthyol. Laser therapy or a surgical scalpel is used to open the abscess and excise the affected tissue. UHF therapy will help disinfect the affected area. If any complications arise, antibiotics will be needed.

At the beginning of a boil attack, to make it easier for a person, not to hurt, pull, or itch so much, you can resort to time-tested remedies:

• anoint the affected area with iodine, camphor or salicylic solution;
• apply a tampon with Ichthyol ointment.

Until the wound after the boil heals, you cannot go to the bathhouse or sauna. Frequent water procedures undesirable.

Internal boil - quite dangerous disease, which can most often be removed only with the help of a surgeon. The doctor injects an anesthetic and cuts the skin so that the purulent masses come out. A drain may need to be placed if the volume of pus is large.

Pharmacy products

Due to the fact that boils various types have been tormenting a person for a long time, today how to treat an internal boil is well known.

To strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of relapses, you need to take vitamin complexes, which include vitamins A, C, and group B.

If the abscess breaks out on its own, then you need to disinfect the area with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, and then cover the wound with a sterile bandage. However, it wouldn't hurt to consult a dermatologist or surgeon. You may need to take an antibiotic. Only a doctor can prescribe it. Taken on its own, it can do more harm than good.

To get rid of staphylococcus, the doctor will most likely prescribe:

• autohemotherapy;
• protein therapy;
• toxoid injection.

Professional treatment of a purulent, inflamed boil is the guarantee that it will no longer bother a person.

Alternative methods

Among the mass of means to get rid of internal chirium, there are several effective ones folk methods. They help the stem ripen faster. For example, these are applications, compresses, cakes from:

• aloe juice;
• mixtures of flour and honey;
• garlic and sunflower oil;
• baked onion.

Can also be taken orally:

• juices from nettles or beets;
• Brewer's yeast;
• infusion of turmeric or fume.

What not to do

The treatment of boils has its own specifics. Dermatologists unanimously prohibit trying to get rid of a purulent formation on your own. In addition, it is undesirable to take measures to accelerate aging without the advice of a doctor. Inside the boil there are live staphylococci with pus. If you open an abscess unprofessionally, the area affected by infection will increase. Hence the conclusion: only a doctor should deal with a boil.

In order for the opened lesion to heal faster, you will need to limit the carbohydrate content in your diet for some time and not drink alcohol.

How quickly does damage heal?

The speed of wound healing depends on:

• patient's health status;
• immunity strength;
• treatment methods;
• complexity, volume of inflammation.

The internal boil takes up to 10 days to mature. But from the onset of the disease, when swelling and redness are detected, several weeks will pass until complete healing. Opening the boil and removing the abscesses is not the whole process. The wound should be covered with connective tissue and heal. A scar may form if the boil is large. In this case, it will most likely be necessary to regularly treat the surface with products that help resolve scars. These manipulations will take about two months. Most often, the doctor prescribes Dermatix or Contractubex.

Prevention

All preventive measures designed to prevent the occurrence of skin purulent formations, aimed at improving human immunity.

If the body is strong, then it will be able to overcome the infection even before it takes strong roots in the body. Skin diseases can occur due to violations of hygiene rules. In this regard, prevention is elementary:

• Hygiene should be maintained at home and in the workplace.
• Clothes that rub the skin and cause inflammation will have to be replaced with more spacious ones.
• Vitamin preparations will strengthen the body's defenses.
• If you see that scratches or chafing have appeared, these places must be treated with hydrogen peroxide.

Proper balanced nutrition is one of the positive factors in improving immunity. It is necessary that vegetables, fruits, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates be present in a balanced manner in the diet.

Briefly, the wishes of doctors regarding the prevention of furunculosis can be summarized as follows:

• strict adherence to hygiene rules;
• if a person has excessive sweating, this process must be controlled, since sweat is a favorable environment for the development of various microorganisms, some of which may be pathogenic;
• drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking should be reduced to zero as factors that weaken the immune system;
• various infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, must be treated immediately;
• individual personal hygiene products must be truly individual, used by one person;
• various stress factors must be excluded from the smooth flow of life.

Prevention after a person has had an internal boil mainly comes down to maintaining the cleanliness and integrity of the skin. This will prevent the infection from entering the body. A responsible attitude towards one’s health and following the recommendations of doctors will protect a person from infectious diseases that undermine health.

Treatment of furunculosis must be carried out under the guidance of a competent specialist. Self-medication can cause sepsis. Only if it is not possible to contact a dermatologist, treatment is carried out at home, taking all measures to prevent infection of other areas of the skin.

Represents inflammatory disease hair follicle, which spreads to the sebaceous glands and surrounding tissues. The reason for the appearance is the penetration of pyogenic bacteria into areas of the skin. Occurs in people with impaired metabolism, reduced immunity, diabetes, and increased secretions from the sebaceous glands. Bad habits and poor nutrition increase the risk of developing inflammation when harmful microorganisms come into contact with the skin.

Important! In men, furunculosis can be caused by improper shaving, which leads to permanent injury to the skin.

Most often it appears in areas with pronounced hair - armpits, neck, buttocks and groin. If there are several deep, painful boils in one area, consult a dermatologist immediately, as this is a sign of a carbuncle. This disease is more severe and purulent discharge can enter the bloodstream and lead to blood poisoning.

Signs of the disease

The disease is characterized by the appearance of an inflammatory node around the hair follicle. The size of the formation depends on the stage of development of the process and can reach sizes walnut. At the beginning of the disease, the boil is small in size, but is painful and swollen. The inflammation is red and gradually increases in size.

Important! At the initial stage, you can cure a boil at home, but if there is no improvement after three days, you need the help of a specialist.

You should be concerned if:

• the amount of pus has increased;
• body temperature increased;
• severe pain appeared;
• the inflamed area of ​​skin is numb;
• severe swelling;
• inflammation occurs in the face or spine.

Important! To diagnose furunculosis it is necessary to take general analysis blood and bacterial culture of skin elements.

You should not try to treat the disease yourself if any of the above symptoms appear. This can lead to infection of other areas of the skin and the development of boils on them. Incorrect treatment purulent formations on any part of the body can cause blood poisoning.

Tests to identify the cause of the disease:

• general blood analysis;
• Analysis of urine;
• blood chemistry;
• immunological examination.

Additional Research

First aid at home

Be sure to treat your hands with antiseptic after or before contact with the wound. Antimicrobial solutions must be carefully applied to the boil 3 times a day, without causing injury to it. To speed up the ripening of a boil, apply a warm compress to it for 20 minutes. After such procedures, the boil is covered with a medical napkin.

Important! The boil must not be scratched, massaged or opened.

Only if it has opened on its own is it possible to carefully remove the pus, after which the wound must be treated with an antiseptic. A bandage is applied to the inflammation and these procedures are repeated until complete healing. In case of severe pain, taking painkillers is recommended.

Do not use antibiotic-based medications without a prescription from a specialist. Wash your hands after touching a boil, as bacteria can contaminate food and other objects you touch.

Video - Treatment of boils

Self-medication can cause phlegmon with further spread of bacteria. When squeezing out pus with your hands or vacuum jars premature opening occurs, which provokes further infection. If the rod does not completely come out, even more severe inflammation appears, requiring long-term treatment.

Important! When a fluctuation zone appears, sodium salicylate is applied to the inflammation three times a day, which is fixed with a dry bandage.

If there are a large number of boils on the body, it is recommended to take warm, but not hot, baths with the addition of potassium permanganate. The skin located around the inflammation is treated with a non-concentrated solution of furatsilin. Removal of pus is carried out under anesthesia.

After removing the pus, the wound is treated with peroxide and the following medications are prescribed:

1. Levomekol.
2. Erythromycin ointment.
3. Syntomycin ointment.

At the stage of granulation tissue appearance, Vishnevsky balm and Ichthyol ointment are applied. This speeds up healing and prevents relapse of inflammation. UHF therapy is indicated. Taking antibiotics is necessary for a chronic type of disease or abscess formation of inflammation.

To boost the body's immune system, the following are indicated:

• ozone therapy;
• taking vitamins;
• gamma globulin;
• autohemotransfusion.

Treatment of boils at home

Single inflammations that are not on the face can be treated at home. To do this, use ointments that draw out pus, and folk remedies. At correct observance recommendations the boil should heal within a week.

Treatment regimen for boils at home:

Effective folk remedies

They will be effective only in the case of single small boils. They can be used only if it is impossible to contact a dermatologist, as emergency measures:

1. Aloe juice. You need to prepare aloe juice. To do this, cut off the leaves of the plant and put them in a plastic bag for 10 days in the refrigerator. Squeeze out the juice and soak gauze compresses with it. Apply to inflammation several times a day for 3 hours. In case of emergency, you can cut an agave leaf and apply it to the boil, bandaging it with gauze.
2. Baked onion. The onion is baked directly with the husk, after which it is crushed and 20 grams of grated laundry soap are added to the mixture. At night you need to make a compress from the resulting composition.
3. Buckwheat flour. 100 grams of buckwheat are heated in a frying pan until golden brown, then ground to flour. Add a spoonful of baking soda and water until the mixture resembles a thick dough. Apply to the area of ​​inflammation twice a day for 6 hours.

   

   Buckwheat flour - effective remedy for the treatment of boils

4. Grated potatoes. It is necessary to grate raw potatoes on the finest grater and apply to the boils for three hours. After the specified time, the dressing is changed and fresh potatoes are applied. Perform the procedure 3 times a day.
5. Cranberry. Based on it, lotions are made in the area of ​​inflammation. To do this, squeeze out the juice of the berries, soak gauze in it and make a compress. It needs to be changed after 6 hours 3 times a day. Both fresh and frozen berries are suitable for cooking.
6. Lilac. Lilac leaves are crushed using a meat grinder and applied to the boil three times a day for 1.5 hours. A gauze compress is applied on top.
7. Egg yolks. Mix one tablespoon of honey, two yolks and a spoonful of salt. Add a little flour to the mixture until it resembles a thick dough. Apply to the boil until it is completely opened.

   

8. Honey cake. Mix equal amounts of honey and flour, make a cake and apply it to the area of ​​inflammation. Bandage until the boil opens.
9. Garlic compress. The affected areas are treated with an antiseptic, after which a thin piece of garlic is applied to it so that it completely covers the affected area. Secure the garlic with a gauze bandage.

Video - How to treat a boil at home

Disease prevention

Disease prevention includes measures to strengthen the body’s immune system and prevent infection pathogenic bacteria. These include:

1. Take a bath or shower once a day.
2. Do not scratch or itch the skin with inflammation.
3. It is recommended to undergo an annual medical examination to detect inflammatory diseases at an early stage.
4. Treat wounds and cuts with an antiseptic.
5. Eat right and give up bad habits.
6. Regular change of bed linen.
7. Taking vitamins to improve immunity.

Treatment of furunculosis should be comprehensive and aimed at eliminating inflammation and increasing defensive reactions skin. At home, only single boils can be cured. If they occur quite often, you need to consult a specialist and examine the body to find out the main cause of the inflammation.

Furuncle(syn. in everyday life - “ulcer”, “boil”) - this is a type staphyloderma(pustular inflammatory skin disease caused by staphylococcal microorganisms). It is characterized by the development of a purulent-inflammatory process in the hair follicle and surrounding tissue.

Furunculosis- a disease characterized by the appearance of a large number of boils on different areas skin.

Carbuncle– a disease in which several nearby hair follicles become inflamed. We can say that these are several boils combined into one. The disease has a more severe course.

Prevalence of boils

Pyoderma* - a group of diseases that include boils - are quite widespread. They make up about 40% of the rest skin pathologies. Patients with boils make up from 4% to 17% of all patients treated in inpatient dermatological clinics.

In recent years, the number of patients with boils of the face, especially the nose area, has been increasing.

*Pyoderma is a pustular skin disease. A general concept that unites a large number of various diseases. The two main types of pyoderma are staphyloderma (purulent processes caused by staphylococci) and streptoderma (caused by streptococci).

Anatomy of skin and hair follicles

Human skin is a special organ that covers almost the entire surface of the body. Its area in an adult is on average 1.5 - 2.5 meters. It consists of layers that are tightly connected to each other.

Layers of skin:

• Epidermis- outer layer of skin. Consists of several layers of epithelial cells. The deepest layer is responsible for cell growth and reproduction. Outer layer, horny, represented by horny scales and performs a protective function.
• Dermis. It is located under the epidermis and fits tightly to it. Consists of connective tissue. It is the basis for the epidermis, contains blood vessels and nerves.
• Subcutaneous fat. Represented by adipose tissue.

Skin defense mechanisms

• Maintaining a certain level of acidity. The pH level of the skin ranges from 3 to 7. In such conditions, only microorganisms that are representatives of normal microflora can exist.
• Normal microflora. Microorganisms that are normally present on the surface of the skin prevent the proliferation of pathogens.
• Langerhans cell. These are specific immune cells that are found in the epidermis. They take part in ensuring immune defense, produce interferon And lysozyme– substances that destroy pathogenic microorganisms.

Structure of hair and hair follicle

Hair– these are keratinized skin appendages. There can be up to 2 million hairs on the human body.

Hair structure:

• Hair shaft- a thin part of the hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin.
• Hair root- part of the hair located deep in the skin, in the hair follicle.

The hair follicle is immersed in the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Around it there is a dense capsule of connective tissue.

At the bottom of the hair follicle is its expanded part. It contains the hair follicle - the club-shaped expanded lower end of the hair. The hair follicle contains cells, the division of which ensures hair growth. A connective tissue papilla grows into the hair follicle and hair follicle. It contains blood vessels and nerves for nutrition and innervation of the hair.

In the upper part of the hair follicle, an expansion in the form of a funnel is also formed - its mouth. The duct of the sebaceous (any hair) and sweat (only hair located in certain areas of the body) gland flows into it.

Sebaceous glands draining into the mouth of the hair follicle

The sebaceous gland consists of an enlarged part, which is directly responsible for the secretion of sebum, and an excretory duct.

Sebum has complex structure. It has bactericidal properties - it can destroy pathogenic microorganisms that fall on the surface of the skin.

Sebum production in humans is mainly regulated by the adrenal glands and sex hormones. The more testosterone is present in the body, the more active the sebaceous glands work.

Sweat glands that secrete secretions at the mouth of the hair follicle

Only specific ducts flow into the mouths of hair follicles. apocrine sweat glands. The final part of the gland that secretes sweat is located deep in the dermis.

Apocrine sweat glands are located in the armpits, around the nipples, genitals and anus.

Causes of boils and furunculosis

Who is staphylococcus?

Staphylococcus is a microorganism that is constantly present on the surface of the skin normally, and, at the same time, is capable of causing a wide variety of purulent infections, ranging from boils to severe blood poisoning - sepsis.

How can the same bacteria be both harmless (and sometimes even beneficial) and very dangerous?

The fact is that there are different strains of staphylococci. Strain is a group within a species, like breeds in dogs.

Some strains are completely harmless to humans. Other conditionally pathogenic, that is, they are capable of causing infections only under reduced immunity and other special circumstances. Still others always cause illness if they enter the body.

Normally, 90% of staphylococci found on human skin are harmless strains. 10% are pathogenic, but there are so few of them that they are not capable of causing a purulent process. Boils and furunculosis develop in cases where this ratio changes greatly.

What skin features predispose to the development of boils?

• increased sweating: with constant sweat, the structure and protective properties skin
• scratching and damage caused by other skin diseases and disorders
• frequent skin injuries: abrasions, scratches, abrasions - any infection easily penetrates through these defects
• constant contact of the skin with discharge from the nose and ears during chronic diseases: rhinitis, otitis, etc.
• skin contamination, lack of personal hygiene: most often, boils form on the back of the neck, as a lot of dirt and sweat accumulate here, and there is constant friction against the collar
• impairment of skin protection as a result occupational hazards: constant contact with lubricating oils, dust (coal, cement, lime, etc.), aggressive chemicals

Decreased immunity

The normal state of the body's immune forces prevents the penetration of any pathogenic microorganisms into the skin.

Factors leading to decreased immune strength and furunculosis:

• severe chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases: tonsillitis, bronchitis, frequent pneumonia, rhinitis and sinusitis, otitis, etc.;
• diseases accompanied by decreased immunity: HIV;
• reception immunosuppressants(drugs intended specifically to suppress the immune system in autoimmune diseases), cytostatics(medicines to destroy tumor cells), the use of radiation therapy;
• hypothermia or overheating;
• insufficient and malnutrition, hypovitaminosis.

Hormonal disorders

Diabetes

Furunculosis can be considered a complication of long-term diabetes mellitus. The disease leads to disruption of blood flow in small vessels. As a result, the skin does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. Dystrophic processes occur in it, and protective mechanisms decrease. Staphylococci penetrate hair follicles more easily.

Excessive adrenal function

The cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal glands secretes glucocorticoid hormones. They have many effects.

Effects of glucocorticoids on boils:

• immunosuppression, decreased skin protection
• an increase in the production of sebum, which, accumulating on the skin and in the lumen of the sebaceous glands, turns into a breeding ground for pathogens

Increasing the content of male sex hormones in the body
Testosterone and its analogues enhance the function of the sebaceous glands of the skin.

Stages of boil development

Usually the boil lasts no more than 10 days. After this, it usually goes away completely. There are 3 stages during a boil:

Stage	Characteristic
Infiltrative stage	Appears on the surface of the skin infiltrate– an area of ​​swelling, redness and hardness. It is painful, gradually increases in size, reaching an average of 1 - 3 cm. The skin around the infiltrate also becomes swollen and painful. The tingling feeling bothers me. A characteristic feature: an infiltrate always forms around the hair, since staphylococci primarily affect the hair follicle and multiply inside it. At this stage of the boil, the phrase “boil is brewing” is often used in everyday life.
Purulent-necrotic stage	It is observed 3 to 4 days after the first symptoms of a boil appear. A core consisting of pus and dead tissue appears in the center of the infiltrate. Its end protrudes above the surface of the skin in the form of an abscess. At a certain point in time, the thin layer of tissue covering the rod bursts, and pus and dead tissue come out. After this there is a significant improvement. All symptoms decrease: swelling and redness begin to subside, pain no longer bothers you. In common parlance, this condition is referred to by the phrase “the boil has broken through.”
Healing stage	After the pus is rejected, the wound remaining at the site of the boil begins to heal. If the boil was small, then after healing there are no signs left on the skin. Ulcers large sizes leave behind scars.

Symptoms of furunculosis

Manifestations of furunculosis depend on the stage of the process, the location of the boil, and the state of the body’s immune forces.

Areas of the body where boils are most common:

• face: nose, nasolabial triangle(the area of ​​skin between the nose and upper lip), ear area
• back of the neck: in this case, the fact that the skin of the neck constantly experiences friction in contact with the collar plays a certain role
• forearms
• buttocks and thighs

Symptoms of a boil on the face

The face is one of the favorite places to localize a boil, since the skin on the face most often has increased fat content, there are a large number of sebaceous glands here. The most common boils of the nose are upper lip, areas of the ear canal.

Characteristic symptoms and complaints of patients with nasal boils:

• the boil quickly becomes noticeable, since even with small sizes it leads to a cosmetic defect
• noted strong pain
• pain in the area of ​​the boil intensifies during movements of facial muscles, shaving, washing;
• Facial boils, more often than in other places, are accompanied by increased body temperature and general malaise
• headaches are noted
• small boils resemble blackheads (pimples); attempts to squeeze them out are accompanied by severe pain.

Why is a facial boil dangerous?

The veins of the facial area are connected to the veins of the skull. When trying to squeeze out a boil on the face, carelessly pressing on it, the work of facial muscles, or a decrease in immunity, the infection can penetrate into the venous bed and lead to the development of thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the walls of the veins with the formation of blood clots. The face becomes swollen, acquires a bluish coloration, and is painful to touch. The general condition of the patient is severely disturbed, body temperature rises to 40⁰C.

Further, the infection can spread into the cranial cavity, leading to meningitis(inflammation of the meninges), meningoencephalitis(inflammation of the meninges and brain matter), sepsis(generalized inflammation).

There is a rule in purulent surgery: boils on the face that are located above the upper lip should be treated with the utmost caution.

Symptoms of a boil under the armpit

Boils in armpit are relatively rare. Another disease is more common here - hidradenitis– purulent inflammation of the sweat gland.

In general, a boil in the axillary region is accompanied by the same symptoms as boils in other locations. An increase in pain is noted during movements in shoulder joints, careless touching and pressing on the boil.

Symptoms of a boil in the groin area and on the lower limb

In the groin area, boils and hidradenitis may occur. A boil in the groin appears typical symptoms and goes through typical stages.

Conditions that may complicate a boil in the groin area and lower limb:

• Regional lymphadenitis. Inflammation lymph nodes located in the area of ​​the boil. It appears as a painful lump under the skin. With a boil in the groin, the inguinal lymph nodes are most often affected.
• Regional lymphangitis. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessel located next to the boil. It appears as a painful cord under the skin. Lymphangitis is often combined with lymphadenitis.

Symptoms of a boil in the genital area

Among the boils that arise in the genital area, the furuncle of the labia majora has the greatest specificity. Most often, its development is associated with bartholinitis– purulent staphylococcal inflammation of the Bartholin glands located in the thickness of the labia majora. Normally, their function is associated with the release of a special lubricant.
A furuncle of the labia majora is accompanied by swelling, redness, and severe pain.

Symptoms of a boil in the buttocks and back of the thigh

The largest boils are usually found in the area of ​​the buttocks and thighs. They are accompanied by the most severe symptoms.

Furunculosis

Furunculosis– a disease that is characterized by the appearance of a large number of boils on different parts of the body or in a limited area (most often on the buttocks, thighs). Furunculosis is also called constant recurrence, when after the healing of boils new ones constantly appear.

Types of furunculosis, depending on the severity of the process:

• acute furunculosis: there are many boils on the skin at the same time
• chronic furunculosis: sequential appearance of boils, when some disappear while others appear - this form of the disease usually lasts for a very long time

Types of furunculosis depending on the prevalence of elements:

• disseminated(common) furunculosis: boils are found throughout the body;
• localized(limited) furunculosis: all boils are concentrated in only one limited area.

Causes of furunculosis

The causes of individual boils and furunculosis are described above. Furunculosis almost always occurs against the background of decreased immunity.

Symptoms of furunculosis

Furunculosis is accompanied by the same symptoms as a single boil. Each element sequentially goes through three stages of development. But with furunculosis, signs of a violation of the general condition are more pronounced. Malaise and elevated body temperature are noted.

Complications of furunculosis

Complications with furunculosis are relatively common.

The most common complications of furunculosis:

• lymphadenitis– inflammation of nearby lymph nodes;
• lymphangitis- inflammation of nearby lymphatic vessels;
• sepsis, or, in common parlance - blood poisoning - severe generalized infectious process;
• meningitis and meningoencephalitis – inflammation of the meninges and brain substance when infection penetrates into the cranial cavity (if the skin of the face and head is affected);
• arthritis – inflammation in the joints (with skin lesions in the joint area);
• glomerulonephritis – inflammatory kidney disease.

Treatment of furunculosis

When should you see a doctor to open a boil?

In most cases, uncomplicated boils do not require surgical treatment. Conservative techniques are used.

Treatment methods for uncomplicated boils at the infiltration stage:

• wiping the skin in the area of ​​the abscess with an antiseptic solution, most often ordinary medical alcohol
• frequent hand washing with soap and antiseptics
• cauterization of the boil itself with iodine solution (5%)
• applying dry heat to the boil (under no circumstances apply compresses to the area of ​​the boil: this helps loosen the abscess and spread it to surrounding tissues)
• UHF therapy
• laser therapy

Despite the fact that a boil can be treated at home, it is still worth contacting a surgeon or dermatologist at the clinic. The doctor will examine the abscess and give recommendations for treatment. If appropriate indications are found, the doctor will give a referral for hospital treatment. If necessary, he will perform a blockade: he will inject a mixture of antibiotic and anesthetic solutions (Novocaine) into the area of ​​the boil.

Treatment methods for uncomplicated boils at the stage of formation of the rod

When the abscess has already formed, you need to help ensure that its opening occurs as quickly as possible.

What is important to remember:

• only a doctor after an examination can say exactly what stage the boil is at and whether it is ready to burst
• In no case should you try to squeeze out the abscess yourself: any pressure on the boil can cause it to begin to spread to surrounding tissues

Methods for treating boils at the stage of formation of a purulent-necrotic core:

• The doctor applies a bandage with several crystals to the skin in the area of ​​the boil. salicylic acid. After some time, they corrode the cover of the boil and contribute to the release of the purulent-necrotic core.
• The doctor removes the purulent-necrotic rod using a thin clamp. This is done very carefully, avoiding pressing on the boil.

After the abscess has broken through, the doctor places a small rubber strip cut from a glove into it. There will be an outflow of pus through it. Apply a bandage. After 3 days, the gum is removed, the bandage is removed, and the boil is treated with brilliant green.

When is surgical treatment indicated for a boil?

One of the complications of a boil is subcutaneous abscess(abscess). It is formed when pus spreads into the subcutaneous fatty tissue. A subcutaneous abscess must be opened. Such patients are treated in a hospital setting.

Is it possible to squeeze out a boil?

Doing this is strictly prohibited. During squeezing, the pus spreads into the surrounding tissues, venous and lymphatic vessels. This can lead to serious complications.

It is especially dangerous to squeeze out boils located on the face.

When should you start taking antibiotics for a boil?

For uncomplicated boils, antibiotic therapy and other general treatment methods are not prescribed.

Conditions for which antibiotic therapy is indicated:

• complications of boils: lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, thrombophlebitis, etc.
• boils located in the facial area
• boils that occur against the background of other serious diseases: diabetes, severe infections, HIV, etc.

Antibiotics used to treat boils

Name	Application
Penicillins: ampicillin amoxicillin amoxiclav	Antibiotics from the penicillin group are the oldest. Many of them remain effective against staphylococci and other microorganisms. Penicillins – antibacterial drugs wide range actions.
Cephalosporins: ceftriaxone cefuroxime cefotaxime	Usually more effective than penicillins. These antibiotics are prescribed most often because they have a relatively low cost and a pronounced effect. Available in the form of powders for dilution and injection.
Gentamicin	It is a fairly powerful antibacterial drug, but has a number of contraindications. Under no circumstances should it be used by children or pregnant women. Available in the form of tablets, injection solutions and ointments. Local forms (ointments) have fewer contraindications.
Tetracycline	Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Effective against many types of microorganisms. Can be used for general (in tablets) and local (in the form of ointment) treatment of boils.
Levomycetin	Powerful antibiotic. It is used topically for boils, in the form of an ointment (see below).

Attention! Self-medication with antibiotics for boils is often ineffective and can lead to negative consequences. These medications must be prescribed by a doctor.

In addition to the use of antibiotics, such general treatment methods as UV therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

What to do if boils appear frequently? Treatment of furunculosis.

If a large number of boils appear on the body at once, or they occur very often, then this condition is called furunculosis.

Self-medication of furunculosis most often does not bring any effect. Improper treatment can lead to further spread of the process and serious complications. To prescribe the correct therapy, you must consult a doctor.

Treatment methods for furunculosis :

Method	Description
UV therapy	Ultraviolet radiation has an antibacterial effect, promotes tissue regeneration.
Laser therapy	Effects of laser radiation: destruction of pathogens improving blood circulation and skin regeneration pain reduction
T-activin	Immunostimulant, promotes the formation and activation of leukocytes - immune cells. Treatment with T-activin is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.
Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin	Immunoglobulins are antibodies that protect the body from foreign antigens. For furunculosis, antibodies produced against staphylococci are used. Treatment is carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor.
Interferon
Antibiotics	See above “Antibiotics that are used to treat boils”
Rinoleukin	A drug that stimulates the body's general defenses.

What to do if the boil opens on its own, but a lot of pus flows out of it?

After the boil has opened, it must be washed with hydrogen peroxide and a clean bandage applied. After this, wash your hands thoroughly. Contact your doctor at the clinic as soon as possible.

Traditional methods of treating boils

Attention: Improper self-medication can lead to the spread of the purulent process and the development of severe complications. Therefore, before using any traditional methods for treating boils, be sure to consult your doctor.

Coniferous baths for boils

Substances that pine and spruce needles contain:

• phytoncides– destroy pathogenic microorganisms
• vitamin C– is an antioxidant, protects cells from damage, increases protective functions
• tannins– tone the skin and close skin pores.

In order to take pine baths, it is enough to buy essential oil. You need to dilute a few drops of it in a warm bath and take it for 15-20 minutes daily.

Treatment of boils with aloe leaves

This method is used for ripening boils ( in the stage of infiltration and purulent-necrotic stage) in order to accelerate its breakthrough and rejection of the purulent-necrotic rod.

Aloe – indoor plant, which is often grown in pots. It has succulent leaves. To speed up the breakthrough of the boil, their juice is used. The aloe leaf is cut and applied with a cut to the abscess, fixing it with an adhesive plaster. So you need to walk constantly, replacing the aloe leaf 1 - 2 times a day.

Preparation of ointment for boils

Ingredients:

• beeswax- 100g
• unrefined vegetable oil – 500 ml
• spruce sulfur – small amount
• Bottom part bulbs – 10 pieces

It is necessary to pour vegetable oil into an enamel pan and put on fire. When it boils, add beeswax and spruce sulfur. After 30 minutes, add the bottoms of the onions. Cook the resulting mixture for 1 hour, stirring occasionally and skimming off any foam that forms. Then remove from heat, strain, and pour into clean containers. The ointment should cool down, thicken, take on a yellow color and a pleasant smell.

Mode of application: Periodically lubricate the areas where boils occur.

Treatment of boils with garlic

Substances contained in garlic:

• phytoncides – destroy pathogenic microorganisms;
• adaptogens – tone living organs and tissues, help increase defenses.

Method 1. Cut the garlic clove into thin pieces. Take one of them, apply the cut to the boil, and secure with a bandage. Walk like this for a day until the abscess matures and breaks through.

Method 2. Grate a clove of garlic. Apply to the boil and secure with adhesive tape. Walk like this for a day until the abscess matures and breaks through.

Ointments for furunculosis

For furunculosis, ointments containing antibacterial drugs are mainly used.

Gentamicin	Description: Ointment in tubes, from 15 to 80 g. Gentamicin is an antibiotic that is effective against many types of infections, including staphylococcal. Mode of application: Apply to the location of boils 2 – 3 times a day. Usually the course of treatment lasts 7–14 days.
Tetracycline	Description: Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Effective against many types of microorganisms, including staphylococci. Available in tubes of 100 g. Method of application 1. Apply a small amount of ointment to the areas location of boils 2 – 3 times a day. Method of application 2. Apply bandages with tetracycline ointment. Change every 12 – 24 hours.
Levomycetin	Description. Levomycetin is a powerful antibiotic that has a pronounced effect on purulent processes. Available for local cutaneous use for furunculosis in the form of liniment ( thick mass like an ointment). Sold in tubes of 25 and 30 g, in cans of 25 and 60 g. Mode of application: Make bandages with chloramphenicol liniment, change once a day.
Levomekol	Active substances: chloramphenicol – antibacterial agent, active against purulent infections methyluracil– a drug that stimulates tissue regeneration Description. Levomekol not only has pronounced antibacterial properties, but also stimulates tissue regeneration. Therefore, it is used for large opened boils for speedy cleansing and healing. Mode of application: Soak a sterile gauze pad with ointment and apply it to the wound. Apply a bandage. Perform dressings daily.
Sintomycin	Description. Sintomycin is an antibiotic that, in its own way, chemical structure strongly resembles chloramphenicol. Also available in the form of liniment, in 25 g jars. Mode of application. Apply liniment to the area where the boil is located. Place a bandage over it. Perform dressings daily.
Dimexide	Description. Medical drug, belonging to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Eliminates inflammation and pain. Mode of application: Moisten a sterile gauze pad with dimexide. Apply to the location of the boil and apply a bandage. Do dressings daily.

The effectiveness of ichthyol ointment in the treatment of furunculosis

Ichthyol ointment is an ointment prepared on the basis active component Ichthyol. It has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and analgesic effects. Ichthyol ointment is widely used in the treatment of boils.

Antibacterial properties ichthyol ointment apply to all strains of streptococci and staphylococci.

The pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of ichthyol ointment appears several hours after its application to the surface of the boil.

Method of using ichthyol ointment for furunculosis

The required amount of ichthyol ointment is applied to the surface of the boil so that it covers the abscess in the form of a cake. Place a cotton swab on top and stick it with an adhesive plaster. The tampon should be changed every 8 hours. After about a day there is improvement.

The effectiveness of Vishnevsky ointment in the treatment of furunculosis

Vishnevsky ointment(full name - balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky) is a combined drug with a complex composition and several active components.

Basic steps: disinfectant, irritant. Vishnevsky ointment destroys many types of pathogens. By irritating the skin, it stimulates tissue regeneration. With a boil, Vishnevsky’s ointment helps soften the walls of the abscess and allow it to penetrate deep into the tissue. This creates a threat of developing a subcutaneous abscess - an abscess. Therefore, the use of Vishnevsky ointment for boils is not practiced.

Why does a boil occur in a pregnant woman and how does it manifest?

Pregnancy is a condition during which the expectant mother often remains defenseless against many ailments and microbes.

Reasons for development

Basically the same as in other patients: an infection gets into the skin in the presence of certain predisposing factors - for example, friction of clothing, lesions chronic infection, endocrine diseases and others.

However the expectant mother is at risk by two additional factors:

• Under the influence of hormones that are produced during pregnancy, physiological decrease in immune activity future mother. Thanks to such hormonal changes, the pregnant woman’s immune system “does not see” the fetus - a “stranger” to her own body. This condition is necessary to maintain pregnancy so that the mother’s immune system does not reject the fetus.
• During pregnancy, the expectant mother provides the fetus nutrients, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, it needs additional supply from outside. However, if this does not happen, then the pregnant woman’s immune system activity decreases even more.

Symptoms

In its development, a boil usually goes through all its typical stages. That's why local signs the diseases are the same as in other patients: a dense red tubercle appears, a rod forms, a boil opens (either independently or surgically), the wound heals.

However, taking into account the hormonal changes in the body of the expectant mother general symptoms The diseases are sometimes somewhat more pronounced: body temperature often rises, general malaise and headache appear.

Why is a boil dangerous during pregnancy?

Microbes can cause harm to the expectant mother, and so does the baby.

For mother

A weakened immune system sometimes causes Bacteria spread more easily through the bloodstream to other areas of the skin and organs, causing the development of furunculosis or complications (meningitis, lymphadenitis, sepsis and others).

For the fetus

There is a high risk of infection of the membranes and fetus. Moreover, the consequences depend on the duration of pregnancy.

In the first trimester

The bookmark is broken internal organs, which leads to the formation of congenital malformations: heart, kidney and others. Moreover, they are often incompatible with life, so a miscarriage occurs.

In the second trimester

• Intrauterine infection of the fetus mainly manifests itself after birth. When the lungs are damaged, pneumonia or pleurisy develops, the heart - carditis, the meninges - meningitis and others.
• When the membranes become infected, fetoplacental insufficiency develops (a syndrome in which all functions of the placenta are disrupted). As a result, the fetus experiences oxygen starvation, its growth and development are delayed, and the risk of premature birth increases.
• Available high probability development of mastitis in the mother after the birth of the child.

What are the causes of chronic furunculosis?

Common factors contribute to the formation of the disease:

• Severe disturbances in the functioning of all parts of the immune system - for example, with HIV infection, congenital immunodeficiency.
• At taking medications to treat tumors- cytostatics that disrupt the division and development of all cells in the body, including tumor cells.
• For autoimmune diseases(psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) drugs are used that suppress the activity of the immune system (Arava, Methotrexate, Metypred).
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: chronic gastroduodenitis, chronic cholecystitis, erosive bulbitis and others.
• Violation normal microflora intestines with a predominance of coccal forms, which include Staphylococcus aureus.
• The presence of foci of chronic infection. Most often - ENT organs: tonsillitis (tonsillitis), sinusitis, pharyngitis and others.
• Endocrine diseases, causing disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus), the production of hormones by the thyroid gland (thyroiditis) and sex glands (hypogonadism, amenorrhea).
• The presence of allergic diseases or a tendency to allergic reactions: bronchial asthma, allergy to house dust and others. Because in these cases the functioning of the immune system is also impaired.

What are the symptoms of chronic furunculosis?

Most often, the disease occurs in a relapsing form - when, after a period of imaginary well-being (remission), signs of the disease reappear.

The course and manifestations of the disease are determined by the degrees of severity

What are the causes of boils in children?

Due to the characteristics of the body, the disease occurs somewhat more often in children than in adults.

The main “culprit” of the boil is Staphylococcus aureus. However, its reproduction is normally controlled by the immune system. Whereas with the combined influence of certain local and general factors, the disease develops.

Local factors

• Constant rubbing of clothing or minor skin injuries(abrasions, abrasions, scratches), which is not uncommon in children.
• Allergic diseases- for example atopic dermatitis. There is dryness skin, erosions and peeling appear on the skin, the child scratches the skin due to itching, the functioning of the immune system is disrupted.
• Close contact with contaminated objects- for example, while playing outside or in the sandbox.
• Features of skin structure: Children have a thin upper (horny) layer of skin, it has a well-developed network of capillaries and blood supply. Therefore, any microbes enter the skin easily, and then quickly spread through the blood or lymph flow to other areas.
• Poor personal hygiene leads to children introducing bacteria into a wound or abrasion with unwashed palms.

General factors

• Presence in the body foci of chronic infection, in which colonies of staphylococci live (isolated cluster). From them, bacteria are spread through the blood and/or lymph flow to all organs and tissues, including the skin. The leading diseases are from the ENT organs: chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis).


• Imperfect immune system, which matures in the process of growing up. Therefore, microbes easily penetrate the body without encountering obstacles on their way.


• Endocrine disorders. In children and adolescents, as a rule, hormonal instability of the body plays a large role in the occurrence of boils.
  Under the influence of sex hormones, the functioning of the sebaceous glands is disrupted. Increased production of sebum begins, which leads to blockage of the outlet (mouth) of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicle (sac). In such conditions, infection occurs more easily. In addition, sebum is an excellent breeding ground for staphylococci.
  However, often other endocrine diseases contribute to the development of furunculosis in adolescents and children - for example, diabetes mellitus or dysfunction of the thyroid gland.


• Gastrointestinal diseases: gastritis, colitis, ulcers and others. Digestion of food is disrupted, as is the supply of microelements and vitamins to the body. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus may be present in the intestines.


• Anemia, lack of vitamins and nutrients, physical or emotional stress, anorexia in adolescents(decreased appetite, deliberate refusal to eat) lead to disruption of the immune system.


• The intensive work of the sweat and sebaceous glands is due to immaturity of thermoregulation processes in children under seven years of age. As a result, sweat and sebum quickly accumulate on the surface of the skin. According to research, under such conditions it decreases local immunity, and the protective function of the skin decreases by 17 times.


• Helminthiasis reduce the activity of the immune system, which is quite common in children.

What are the symptoms of boils in children?

A boil can develop on any area of ​​the skin where hair is present, since the disease affects the hair follicles and the adjacent sebaceous gland.

Whereas a boil never forms on the skin of the palms and soles, since there is no hair in these areas.

There are two forms of the disease:

• A large single abscess appears on a limited area of ​​skin. In this case, with timely and adequate treatment, recovery usually occurs within 8-10 days.
• Furunculosis develops: Many boils appear on the skin. The disease can be acute or chronic in its course.

Single boil in children

Arises large abscess, which in its development goes through the same stages as in adults.

However In children there are some differences in the course of the disease:

• As a rule, several symptoms are more pronounced intoxication: body temperature rises to high levels (38-39°C), general malaise appears, the child refuses to eat, complains of headache.
• Despite the rapid course of the disease, usually cure in children occurs in a shorter time than in adults. In addition, a chronic process develops less often.
• Furuncle in children of wounded age(up to three years) is most often located in places that are difficult to reach for treatment - for example, at the base of the nasal passages.
  Whereas preschoolers and junior schoolchildren boils are mainly located on the nose (slopes, back and base of the nasal passages), forehead, cheeks and chin.
  In other areas of the skin, boils develop somewhat less frequently.
• Due to the location of the boils, as well as the abundant and good blood supply to the skin, there is high risk of spreading infection from the primary focus with the development of acute furunculosis or complications (sepsis, thrombosis of the cavernous veins and others).

Furunculosis in children

Ulcers can appear either in the form of separate clusters on a certain area of ​​the skin or spread to other areas.

Acute furunculosis in children

There are several boils on the skin that appear almost simultaneously. Therefore, they are at the same stage of development.

In this case, as a rule, the child’s general condition is sharply disturbed: he becomes lethargic and refuses to eat, his body temperature rises to high levels and is difficult to lower.

In this case, the course of the disease usually resembles a severe infectious process. Moreover, the general trend is as follows: the younger the child, the more severe the disease.

Chronic furunculosis in children

Typically, boils are at different stages of development: at the same time, red bumps, ulcers, and wounds can be seen on the skin after the pus is rejected.

However, most often the disease occurs in a relapsing form: periods of exacerbation alternate with periods of apparent well-being (remission).

The general condition of the child is usually disturbed when new boils appear, resembling the acute course of the disease.

How to treat chronic furunculosis?

This task is quite difficult, since its development leads to numerous factors. Therefore, an integrated approach is required.

Basic principles

1. Local and general treatment depending on the stage of development of the boil and the complications that have formed

At the compaction stage - local treatment antiseptics, ultraviolet radiation, applications with antibacterial ointments. At the stage of formation of the rod, if necessary, the boils are opened, drained, treated antiseptic solutions, applying bandages with antibacterial ointments. When indicated, antibiotics are prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the microbe to them.
2. Impact on the underlying disease

It is carried out at any stage of development of furunculosis: treatment of foci of chronic infection, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine diseases (for example, diabetes) and others. Therapy is carried out by specialized specialists: ENT doctor, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and others.
3. Improving immune system function

An immunologist prescribes medications depending on the type of immune system disorder and the stage of the disease. With timely treatment, chronic furunculosis is cured in 80% of cases within 1-2 months of treatment.

How to increase immunity during furunculosis?

Immunostimulating drugs are prescribed as part of complex treatment.

During an exacerbation

A drug	Mechanism of action	Directions for use and duration
Polyoxidonium	Increased activity phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils) - cells that protect the body by digesting foreign particles and pathogens. They enhance the production of antibodies - blood serum proteins that bind to a microbe or virus and then remove them from the body.	Intramuscularly 6-12 mg once a day. In tablets for resorption under the tongue 2-3 times a day, half an hour before meals. The dose for adolescents is 12 mg, for adults 12-24 mg. The course is 6-12 days, and sometimes longer.
Galavit	Restores the activity of macrophages, which destroy microbes and viruses through digestion. Regulates the production of cytokines - proteins that ensure the transfer of information between molecules and cells of the immune system. Normalizes the production of antibodies.	Daily for adults and children over 12 years old - 100 mg, for children under 12 years old - 50 mg. The drug can be taken in injections, suppositories or tablets. Course - 15 days.
Myelopid	Increases the level of B-lymphocytes - cells of the immune system that produce antibodies. Normalizes the level of CD4 cells (lymphocytes), which send a signal to killer cells of the immune system (T-killers), which destroy microbes and viruses.	3-6 mg intramuscularly daily or every other day. Course - 3-5 injections.
Immunoglobulin class G preparations: Octagam, Gabriglobin, Intraglobin (used when Galavit is ineffective)	They compensate for the deficiency of immunoglobulins G (IgG), which provide long-term immunity against pathogens of many infections. Moreover, for each microbe or virus in the body, its own IgG is produced.	Drugs are administered intravenously only in a hospital setting. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific drug used and the course of the disease.

During remission- during the period when there are no symptoms of the disease

A drug	Indications	Directions for use and doses
Polyoxidonium	Discussed above	Discussed above
Galavit	Discussed above	Discussed above
Lycopid	Increases the activity of phagocytes. Enhances the formation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. Increases antibody production	Dissolve under the tongue half an hour before meals. The dosage depends on the severity of the disease and age. The duration of treatment is about 10 days. If necessary, longer.

Drugs of the future: Neogen and Seramil

Medicines are not yet widely used. However, according to data latest research, when using them, positive changes in the functioning of the immune system have been reliably established.

When using Neogen in remission:

1. The number and ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes are normalized.
2. The activity of phagocytes against Staphylococcus aureus increases.
3. The level of CD4 cells is normalized .

Treatment regimen: daily administration of 1 ml of 0.01% solution intramuscularly. Course - 10 injections.

When using Seramil at the stage of remission and/or exacerbation:

1. The level of B-lymphocytes is normalized.
2. The content of CD8 lymphocytes, the cells of the immune system, which normally complete the body’s immune response when the “stranger” has already been destroyed, decreases. However, with an excess of CD8 lymphocytes, the immune system completes its work much earlier, before it can cope with the microbe or virus. Therefore, it does not fulfill its main function - protective.

Treatment regimen: intramuscular administration of 5 mg of the drug. Course - 5 injections.

How to treat a boil for pregnant women?

The difficulty is that during pregnancy most drugs are prohibited for use because they have bad influence for the fruit.

Local treatment

Tactics depend on the stage of development of the boil, which is no different from the treatment of other patients.

However, in this case, only drugs are used approved for use during pregnancy:

• Antiseptics- drugs that prevent or suppress the growth of bacteria - Betadine (only up to 12 weeks of pregnancy), Chlorhexidine.
• Ointments- Levomekol, Ichthyol, Syntomycin.

General treatment

Antibiotics are prescribed that are approved for use during pregnancy, taking into account the period: penicillins (Amoxiclav, Ampicillin), cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Suprax, Cefepime), macrolides (Erythromycin, Rovamycin, Vilprafen).

However, antibiotics are only used in case of emergency:

• When complications develop - for example, lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), lymphangitis (inflammation of the lymphatic vessels) and others.
• If the boil is located in a dangerous place: face, neck, scalp.
• For acute or chronic furunculosis.
• In the presence of common diseases- for example, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, pyelonephritis and others.

Use of drugs improving the functioning of the immune system, not recommended during pregnancy.

Treatment of foci of chronic infection

The most common “place of residence” of Staphylococcus aureus is the pharynx and nasopharynx. The microbe is detected by culture from the nasopharynx.

Local processing

1. Antiseptic solutions are used, which are approved for use during pregnancy and also inhibit the growth and reproduction of Staphylococcus aureus.

• Alcohol solution used for gargling. Before use, it is diluted as follows: one teaspoon per 200 ml warm water.
• Oil solution the pharynx, back wall of the pharynx, tonsils are treated and the nasal cavity is instilled.
• Spray The mouth, throat and nose are irrigated.

All procedures are carried out 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

2. Used staphylococcal bacteriophage which is safe for the fetus:

• The nasopharynx is irrigated: two or three pipettes of the solution are inserted into each nasal passage. Anything that gets into your throat should be swallowed.
• Then you should leave a cotton swab soaked in the bacteriophage in the cavity of each nostril for 5-7 minutes.

Treatment is carried out in the intervals between meals - from one to three times a day. Duration of treatment is 7-10 days.

Moreover, both drugs are also good because they carriage of staphylococcus in the intestines they can be used internally.

How to protect the fetus from infection?

Sometimes carried out immunization with staphylococcal toxoid at 32, 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. To do this, 0.5 ml of the drug is injected subcutaneously at the angle of the scapula.

What vitamins should I take for furunculosis?

Vitamins A and E improve skin nutrition and wound healing, promote cell renewal, and participate in protein synthesis.

Vitamin C increases the body's resistance to infections, improving the functioning of the immune system.

B vitamins normalize the functioning of the stomach, intestines, liver, endocrine glands (for example, thyroid), nervous system, participate in protein synthesis and other processes.

It is not difficult to compensate for the deficiency of such a number of vitamins at the same time. Since the modern pharmaceutical industry offers big choice combination vitamin preparations, also containing minerals such as iron, calcium and others. For example Vitrum, Multi-Tabs, Centrum.

However, practice proves that it is still better take vitamins separately, in small courses.

For example, drugs with B vitamins- brewer's yeast, Milgamma, Neurobex, Tricortin and others. You can also compensate for the deficiency of B vitamins by taking biologically active additives- for example Mega B Complex, vitamins of the B-dietary supplement "Tiens".

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid Available in tablets or dragees with similar names.

How is a boil treated for diabetes?

In compliance key principles: local treatment, prescription of immunostimulants, vitamins and other drugs.

However, when diabetes mellitus the main emphasis is on normalizing metabolism and carbohydrates: diet therapy (discussed in the section below) and prescription of medications.

Diabetes mellitus type II (non-insulin dependent)

Insulin is produced. However, cell receptors (proteins with which the substance binds to penetrate inside) in organs and tissues either do not respond to it or their sensitivity is reduced. Therefore, the flow of glucose into the cells is disrupted.

Two groups of drugs are prescribed:

• Drugs that increase the sensitivity of cell receptors to insulin and reduce the absorption of glucose from the intestine: Glucophage, Metformin.
• Drugs that stimulate pancreatic cells to synthesize insulin - for example Gliclazide, Diabepharm, Maninil and others.

Diabetes mellitus type I (insulin dependent)

The pancreas either does not synthesize insulin or produces it in insufficient quantities. In this case it is assigned replacement therapy with the selection of an individual dose.

There are insulins that have different action by duration: short, medium and long.

Ideally, the patient should receive long-term and/or intermediate insulins throughout the day. In this way, a dosed supply of insulin into the body is achieved, which imitates normal work pancreas.

While short-acting insulins are usually used only when necessary: ​​for example, before eating a large meal or small dose alcohol.

However, unfortunately, such treatment is quite expensive. Therefore, patients often “sit” on short-acting insulin for many years, which aggravates the course of diabetes mellitus and leads to the development of complications.

Diet therapy during treatment is aimed at improving the functioning of the immune system, normalizing metabolism, fighting infection and accelerating the recovery of the skin. Moreover, such a diet resembles nutrition for diabetes, but correction is still required. 1. Simple carbohydrates : sugar and sweets, pasta, cakes, pastries, alcohol, watermelon, banana, grapes and others. They contain carbohydrates (glucose), which are instantly absorbed into the blood from the intestines.

We need carbohydrates in moderation as a universal source of energy for all processes occurring in the body.

However, when there is an excess of them in the body, completely different mechanisms are triggered, which lead to metabolic disorders, which impairs the functioning of the immune system. In addition, glucose entering the tissues from the blood is an excellent nutrient medium for Staphylococcus aureus.

2. Undesirable fried, salty, sour and spicy dishes. Because their consumption disrupts the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

As a result, the absorption of vitamins, microelements and nutrients, which are necessary for the full functioning of the immune system and the body as a whole, is reduced. In addition, this diet reduces the amount beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which leads to increased growth of pathogens.

3. Extractives, which go into solution when cooking meat, fish, vegetables and mushrooms (broth). Because they increase the production of gastric and intestinal juices, stimulating digestion, increasing the load on the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, they are quickly absorbed into the blood and increase the load on the liver and have an irritating effect on the skin.

4. You should avoid foods that are known to cause an allergic reaction: chocolate, citrus fruits, products containing preservatives and/or dyes, eggs and others .

1. WITH increased content easily digestible proteins: boiled meat and egg white(if you are not allergic to them), lactic acid products (cottage cheese). Proteins are the building material for our tissues, which is important for the full functioning of the immune system and the body as a whole.

2. Vegetable fats(sunflower, olive oil). They have a high content of vitamins A and E, which improve wound healing, weaken allergic reactions and increase the body's resistance to infections.

3. Animal fats(butter) is better to limit, but not completely exclude from the diet.

4. Fresh vegetables and fruits- sources of vitamins and microelements that are necessary for the functioning of the immune system and wound healing. In addition, they improve the functioning of the digestive system.

5. If there are no problems with the gastrointestinal tract, you can use legume dishes(beans, peas). They contain a lot of plant proteins, vitamins (A, B, C and group B), minerals (magnesium, calcium, sodium).

6. Dried fruits(raisins, dried apricots, prunes, figs) replace sweets and are sources of vitamins and microelements (potassium, vitamin A, groups B and C). They also contain fiber, which improves the functioning of the digestive tract.

7. Porridge is useful(oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, millet), which contain a lot of vitamins, minerals and amino acids (building blocks for protein).

8. Spices. Previously, it was believed that their use should be limited or eliminated in case of furunculosis. However, in the Chita State medical academy Studies have been conducted that have proven that some spices can inhibit the growth and reproduction of Staphylococcus aureus in the intestines. These include turmeric, red pepper, mustard and cloves.

9. You can replace sugar sorbitol or xylitol. Moreover, xylitol is preferable because it also regulates the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

You can also use natural sweetener- stevia and extract from its leaves. In addition to adding sweetness to dishes, it also has a lot of beneficial properties: normalizes the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, contains vitamins (B1, B2, C, precursors of vitamin A), lowers cholesterol in the blood.