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Lack of manganese in the body symptoms in women. The effect of manganese on the human body: harm or benefit

Manganese (Mn) is a rather mysterious inhabitant of the periodic table, and so far scientists are only taking their first steps and studying wonderful properties element manganese. But the information they have is quite enough to come to the conclusion that the human body needs manganese every day.

Let me list why the human body needs manganese:

* it is necessary for the proper regulation of blood sugar, therefore, protects the body from the development of diabetes;

* important for the formation of thyroxine, the main hormone thyroid gland;

* helps other beneficial substances in the construction of bones (skeleton and teeth);

* promotes the formation of the so-called glycoprotein, which covers the cells of the body and protects them from damage;

* protects the human body from stress, infections, various “harms” environment, because it belongs to the group of antioxidants;

* It has essential for such important processes as the synthesis of fat proteins. For example, if the body does not receive enough manganese, protein synthesis is suppressed, and the person does not receive enough energy;

* takes part in education fatty acids, including cholesterol;
performs the function of a kind of " trigger mechanism", which encourages many to be active important enzymes human body;

* manganese improves muscle reflexes, memory, reduces nervous irritability;

* our body needs it in order to fully use vitamins C, E and the vitamin B complex. But this is not the end of the list of properties of the element manganese.

What foods contain manganese?

Manganese indeed interesting element also because its deficiency (unlike many other useful substances) is rare. After all, the human body does not need it large quantities, and manganese is present in many products. Therefore, when proper diet The nutritional requirement for manganese is fully satisfied.

But a person will not experience a manganese deficiency only if he eats nuts (peanuts, almonds and hazelnuts are especially rich in them) and prepares cereal dishes whole grain(and also from oatmeal), dried beans, peas, beets, drink several times a week carrot juice and include carrots in salads, to which sour cream or vegetable oil. Pineapples, plums, peaches, apricots, dried dates, raspberries, blueberries are rich in manganese, flower honey(100 grams of honey provides daily requirement in manganese).

River fish and dairy products are low in manganese. But seaweed and some other products of the seas and oceans, on the contrary, are rich in this element. In addition, manganese is present in tea (both black and green).

So, I think it is already completely clear that the influence of manganese on the human body is great and invaluable. But like any macro- or microelement, in order to maintain its presence in the body at the proper level (and not harm the absorption of other beneficial substances!), it is not enough to simply eat all of the above foods, but we should remember about some of the features of its entry into our body.

The fact is that food, excessively rich in calcium and phosphorus, reduces the flow of manganese from the intestines into the blood. It follows that even though cottage cheese and any dairy products They are useful, but you need to eat them in moderation.

The amount of manganese in the human body also decreases in case of excessive processing of foods.

Finally, do not forget that it is very difficult to get poisoned by manganese, but indiscriminate use of this mineral is still undesirable, since it leads to deterioration of health, and negative influence on the human body, causing trembling of the arms and legs, headache, nausea and others unpleasant symptoms. In addition, excess manganese impairs absorption no less useful elements– copper and magnesium. So all the best - in moderation!

What is Manganese Deficiency?

Manganese- element of group VII periodic table with atomic number 25. The name comes from it. Manganerz - manganese ore and from lat. Magnes - magnet. Discovered by Yu. Gan in 1774 (Sweden).

Manganese is a hard, brittle, silvery-white metal that oxidizes in air and reacts with water. Natural source manganese are manganese ores, minerals manganite, pyrolusite, ferromanganese nodules.

What provokes / Causes of manganese deficiency:

Manganese deficiency- one of the common deviations in bioelement metabolism modern man. Manganese deficiency is most often associated with increased psycho-emotional stress on a person, due to increased “consumption” of manganese to ensure basic neurochemical processes in the central nervous system. nervous system. Manganese deficiency negatively affects membrane stability nerve cells and the nervous system as a whole, affects the functions of the brain and other organs and systems. It is possible that people exposed to stress have an increased need for one of the manganese enzymes, which may lead to greater susceptibility to manganese deficiency.

So far, the only reliable case of dietary manganese deficiency in humans has been described, which is associated with long-term use milk formula that does not contain manganese. The patient experienced weight loss, decreased hair and nail growth, dermatitis and hypocholesterolemia. In addition, his black hair had taken on a reddish hue and his protein coagulation response to vitamin K was impaired.

Patients with certain types of epilepsy have decreased whole blood manganese concentrations. Low concentrations of serum manganese, usually in combination with low concentrations of copper and zinc, have been found in patients with impaired bone metabolism, which is corrected by dietary supplementation with manganese, copper and zinc.

The risk of manganese deficiency increases in people who abuse alcohol.

Causes of manganese deficiency in the body

  • Insufficient supply of manganese from the outside (inadequate nutrition, reduced consumption of manganese-rich foods, in particular plant foods).
  • Excessive intake of phosphates into the body (lemonade, canned food).
  • Increased excretion of manganese under the influence of excess calcium, copper and iron in the body.
  • Increased consumption of manganese as a result of psycho-emotional overload in women during the premenopausal period and menopause.
  • Pollution of the body with various toxins (cesium, vanadium).
  • Dysregulation of manganese metabolism in the body.

Pathogenesis (what happens?) during manganese deficiency:

The known biochemical functions of manganese are the activation of enzymes and some metalloenzymes.

Biological role of manganese Manganese is an essential element for humans and animals. Manganese is found in the bodies of all plants and animals, although its content is usually very small, on the order of thousandths of a percent.

Manganese has a significant impact on the life of living organisms. Manganese is one of the most important bioelements (microelements) and is a component of many enzymes, performing numerous functions in the body. Manganese actively affects the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The ability of manganese to enhance the action of insulin and maintain a certain level of cholesterol in the blood is also considered important. In the presence of manganese, the body uses fats more fully.

The main biological functions of manganese:

  • Manganese is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters in the nervous system.
  • Manganese prevents free radical oxidation and ensures the stability of the structure of cell membranes.
  • Manganese provides normal functioning muscle tissue.
  • Manganese is involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones (thyroxine).
  • Manganese ensures development connective tissue, cartilage and bones.
  • Manganese enhances the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
  • Manganese increases glycolytic activity.
  • Manganese increases the intensity of fat utilization.
  • Manganese reduces lipid levels in the body.
  • Manganese counteracts fatty liver degeneration.
  • Manganese is involved in the regulation of the metabolism of vitamins C, E, group B, choline, and copper.
  • Manganese is involved in ensuring full reproductive function.
  • Manganese is necessary for normal height and development of the body.

Manganese metabolism

Manganese compounds mainly enter the body with food.

Absorption of manganese from the diet is estimated to be 3-5%. Absorption of manganese occurs throughout small intestine. Manganese quickly leaves the bloodstream and is present in tissues mainly in the mitochondria of cells (the “power stations” of the cell in which energy is produced). IN increased quantities it is present in the liver, tubular bones, pancreas, and kidneys. During absorption, manganese competes with iron and cobalt. Thus, one of the metals, if its level is high, may have an inhibitory effect on the absorption of others. Manganese is an activator of many enzymes.

Manganese is almost completely excreted in feces, as well as in sweat and urine.

Daily requirement for manganese

The daily requirement for manganese for adults is 2-5 mg.

The level leading to deficiency is estimated at 1 mg/day.

Food Sources of Manganese

A lot of manganese is found in rye bread, wheat and rice bran, soybeans, peas, potatoes, beets, tomatoes, blueberries and in some medicinal plants(Ledum, Trefolia, Cinquefoil, Eucalyptus). Coffee and tea are very rich in manganese.

Cereals (primarily oatmeal and buckwheat) are relatively rich in this microelement. Unrefined cereals, nuts, leafy vegetables and tea are rich in manganese, while refined grains, meats and daily foods contain only small amounts of manganese. Thus, diets rich in food plant origin supply an average of 8.3 mg of manganese daily, with hospital diets supplying less than 0.36–1.78 mg of manganese per day.

Symptoms of Manganese Deficiency:

Main manifestations of manganese deficiency

  • Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, Bad mood.
  • Deterioration of thinking processes, ability to accept quick solutions, memory loss.
  • Violations of muscle contractile function, tendency to spasms and convulsions, muscle pain, movement disorders.
  • Degenerative changes in joints, tendency to sprains and dislocations, osteoporosis during menopause.
  • Skin pigmentation disorders, the appearance of small scaly rashes, vitiligo.
  • Delayed growth of nails and hair.
  • Decrease in the level of “good” cholesterol in the blood, impaired glucose tolerance, increase in excess weight, obesity.
  • Infertility.
  • Ovarian dysfunction, early menopause, premature aging.
  • Immunity disorders, allergic reactions.
  • Risk of cancer.
  • Developmental delay in children.

Signs of deficiency in laboratory animals include growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, reproductive depression, neonatal ataxia, and defects in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Diagnosis of Manganese Deficiency (Insufficiency):

Indicators of manganese content in the body are blood plasma and urine; the average manganese content in these substrates (in μg/l) is 0.3-1.0 and 0.1-1.5, respectively.

Treatment of manganese deficiency:

If there is insufficient intake of manganese into the body, it is necessary to increase the amount of foods with a high content in the diet. Manganese-containing dietary supplements may be prescribed.

If there is an excess intake of manganese into the body (from workers in production conditions, or from residents of areas adjacent to the enterprise), it is necessary to take appropriate protective measures. In case of poisoning use symptomatic remedies, carry out chelation therapy. If the level of manganese is excessive, it may be necessary to use cleansing agents (dietary supplements and preparations with drainage properties). Applications of manganese compounds In the form of alloys with iron (ferromanganese) and silicon (silicomanganese), manganese is used in the steel and chemical industries, in the production of animal feed and fertilizers. In medicine as antiseptic Potassium permanganate is widely used, in the form aqueous solutions for rinsing, douching, lubricating ulcerative and burn surfaces, washing Bladder And urinary tract. IN last years organic manganese compounds are used in mineral and vitamin complexes, dietary supplements, for treatment and prevention various diseases(in nasal sprays for treatment allergic rhinitis). Radioactive isotopes of manganese are used for research purposes.

Which doctors should you contact if you have manganese deficiency?

Is something bothering you? Do you want to know more detailed information about Manganese deficiency, its causes, symptoms, methods of treatment and prevention, the course of the disease and diet after it? Or do you need an inspection? You can make an appointment with a doctor– clinic Eurolab always at your service! The best doctors they will examine you and study you external signs and will help you identify the disease by symptoms, advise you and provide necessary help and make a diagnosis. you also can call a doctor at home. Clinic Eurolab open for you around the clock.

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Acromegaly
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Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy)
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Hypervitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis E
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Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperlipoproteinemia type I
Hyperlipoproteinemia type II
Hyperlipoproteinemia type III
Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV
Hyperlipoproteinemia type V
Hyperosmolar coma
Hyperparathyroidism secondary
Primary hyperparathyroidism
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Hyperprolactinemia
Testicular hyperfunction
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypovolemia
Hypoglycemic coma
Hypogonadism
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Hypogonadism isolated (idiopathic)
Primary congenital hypogonadism (anorchism)
Primary acquired hypogonadism
Hypokalemia
Hypoparathyroidism
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Glycogenosis type II (Pompe disease)
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Glycogenosis type V (McArdle disease, myophosphorylase deficiency)
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Myxedema coma

Manganese is very useful for the human body; this microelement takes an active part in the formation of all cells of the body. Manganese is especially important for women, as it regulates the functioning of their genital and thyroid organs.

The role of manganese in the human body

The most important functions that manganese performs in human body it must be said that it ensures the functionality of the nervous system, promotes the secretion of insulin and the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, and destroys fat that can be deposited in the liver. In addition, manganese regulates the reproductive capabilities of the body, has a beneficial effect on bone, connective and muscle tissue, and also helps wounds heal faster.

It must be emphasized that manganese is very necessary for normal condition healthy body, but it is not so easy to consume in the daily diet because it is not found in all foods that make up the daily diet. A sufficient amount of manganese is found in following products power supply:

  • cranberry;
  • soy and wheat flour;
  • oatmeal products (flour and flakes);
  • cocoa;
  • among the fruits it is worth mentioning currants, blueberries, lingonberries, figs, dates and plums;
  • oysters;
  • beets, beans, parsley, cucumbers, asparagus, carrots and green peas.

The norm of manganese in the body

It must be said that the required amount of manganese is determined in relation to a person’s weight (0.3 mg and 0.1 mg per kilogram for adults and children, respectively). Thus, normal amount manganese in the body of an adult – 2.5-5 mg per day. If we're talking about O children's body, then it only requires 1-2 mg of manganese. For athletes, the norm for manganese is 7-8.5 mg.

Lack of manganese in the body

A lack of manganese in the human body is accompanied by the occurrence of problems and diseases, most of which cannot be corrected or cured. Such consequences may be: abnormal development of the fetus (if its mother had a deficiency of this microelement), which manifests itself as pathology of the development of the limbs (fused joints or deformation of the skull), anemia, inability to perform reproductive function, delayed growth and development.

In addition to the above, a lack of manganese provokes constant weakness, fatigue and unusual irritability, osteoporosis, excess weight problems and seizures.

Excess manganese in the body

Too much a large number of manganese has a very bad effect on musculoskeletal system, since its excess interferes with the absorption of and. Thus, an excess of this trace element is accompanied by such consequences as anemia, manganese rickets, hallucinations, problems with memory and appetite, convulsions and the inability to objectively assess situations.

Absorption of manganese by the body

Like most microelements, manganese absorption occurs in the colon and small intestine. In order for it to be better absorbed, it is necessary to combine it with and, as well as with and, but it is worth remembering that the amount of these substances should not be so high, since this provokes, on the contrary, poor absorption of the microelement.

Indications for the use of manganese

Doctors recommend taking manganese when a person abuses junk food, he has heart and vascular diseases, nervous disorders, dizziness, diabetes and reproductive problems. In addition, people suffering from schizophrenia need large amounts of manganese.

Manganese in the body of an adult is contained in the amount of 12-20 mg. It is mainly located in bone tissue, as well as in the liver, kidneys and heart muscle.

The role of manganese in the human body

Manganese has great importance in the work of the central nervous system, both for its formation as a whole and in the process of production and exchange of neurotransmitters.

Manganese enhances the action of insulin, helps regulate blood sugar, improving the cell's ability to absorb monosaccharides abundantly. Enters into a fight with free radicals, maintains the stability of cell membranes, stimulates the work muscle fibers and fabrics.

Manganese is needed for synthesis by organs internal secretion the hormone thyroxine. The importance of the substance during the growth of the body and the formation of organs and body parts: bones, cartilage, connective tissue, muscle mass is undeniable.

This element is also important in the synthesis of fatty acids; it blocks an increase in lipid levels and enhances the mechanisms of fat utilization. If the manganese content is normal, then fats will be absorbed by the body better. This is very important property, since the complete breakdown of fats helps reduce the risk of fatty liver degeneration, in addition, it contributes to the accumulation of glycogen in the organ, the synthesis of cholesterol and maintaining its normal amount.

Manganese is an invariable companion of vitamin metabolism (B-group, C and E), as well as choline and copper. Supports protein substances during blood clotting. It is important in some processes of fermentation of substances, while helping to maintain energy balance.

For female body manganese is simply necessary, since due to the normal content of this substance in a woman’s body, reproductive function is maintained (that is, the gonads produce enough hormones).

And another important property of manganese is the improvement of immunity, which is ensured by maintaining processes for the production of endogenous substances.

Foods rich in manganese

The range of food products that contain manganese is quite diverse. However, in some cases it is necessary to replenish its reserves by consuming multivitamin complexes or dietary supplements containing it.

The element is contained in: grains and their derivatives (sprouted grains, bran, buckwheat and rice groats, oats, bakery products from rye flour), in legumes, in tuberous and chlorophyll vegetables, tomatoes, in the fruits of some garden and berry plants (plums, blueberries, black currants), in pineapples, in some nuts (peanuts and hazelnuts), and also in tea and coffee . Manganese occurs in a number of medicinal herbs: eucalyptus, wild rosemary, cinquefoil, three-leaved watch.

It is recommended to use this substance in tandem with zinc. Note that an excess of phosphorus, iron or calcium in the body affects the digestibility of manganese (this means that it is undesirable to consume food products with such substances together).

The daily requirement for replenishment of the substance is up to 2 mg, the permissible maximum is 11 mg. Thus, given that the digestibility of manganese, like other microelements, is far from 100%, a person should consume at least 5-10 mg of manganese per day.

Manganese deficiency

Lack of manganese in the body is a very common phenomenon. This is explained simply - increased psycho-emotional stress, as a result of which the central nervous system quickly uses up its supply of the substance. Deficiency can also occur as a result of excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Manganese deficiency causes the following symptoms:

  • depressive mood, weakness and decadent mood, fatigue;
  • lethargy, memory impairment, decreased mental activity;
  • muscle dysfunction, the appearance of spasms, cramps and muscle pain, impaired coordination of movements;
  • threat of developing osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis;
  • epileptic seizures;
  • disorders skin(vitiligo, pigmentation, scaly rash);
  • slower growth of nails and hair;
  • violation reproductive functions female reproductive system (early menopause, infertility, hormonal dysfunction ovaries, rapid decline and aging);
  • decreased immune barrier, manifestation of allergic reactions;
  • slow development at a young age;
  • risk of oncology diseases.

Why does a substance deficiency occur?

There are several characteristic factors that can affect the amount of manganese in the body. The first of them, as already mentioned, is excessive psycho-emotional stress.

In women, manganese deficiency is observed before and during menopause. Also marked following reasons, causing deficiency manganese:

  • the toxic effect of certain substances that enter the body with food, water or air;
  • unbalanced diet and overuse canned foods containing phosphates;
  • poor digestibility of manganese against the background of an excess of iron, phosphorus, calcium and other substances;
  • broken metabolic process substances;
  • dysfunction of the female reproductive system.

Excess manganese in the body

Consuming 40 mg of manganese per day can result in intoxication. To date, it has not yet been established what excess is fraught with disastrous consequences. This information was obtained from medical practice: none were recorded fatal outcome due to manganese poisoning, but acute poisoning occurred in people employed in chemical production (intoxication caused by manganese dust).

An excess of a substance in the body that persists long time, can lead to serious nervous and mental disorders. Patients may suffer from hallucinations, they are overly irritable, violent, and hypermotor. This mental condition called "manganese madness".

What can cause an overabundance of a substance?

One of the reasons has already been mentioned above - harmful chemical production. Among other reasons, one can note the same disturbed metabolic process in relation to manganese.

An excess of a substance in the body has the following manifestations:

  • nervous disorders, loss of strength, fatigue, memory disorders;
  • poor coordination, slow movements, muscle atrophy, decrease muscle tone, paresthesia;
  • signs of Parkinson's disease, organic lesion brain, manganoconiosis against the background of interstitial pulmonary pathology.

A microelement such as manganese is very important in our body for the proper development of cells and tissues. With it, copper and iron are able to be fully absorbed in the body, carrying out important functions. For example, without vitamin B1, that is, thiamine, it would be impossible to start the process of building new cells, including nerve cells. Manganese – essential trace element, involved in the functioning of the main human organs.
The body of adults contains approximately ten or twenty milligrams of manganese, and the main amount is found in the liver, kidneys, brain and bone tissue.
The absorption of manganese is improved with the help of, and. But also, in large quantities, the same phosphorus and calcium can worsen the metabolism of microelements in the human body.

The role of manganese in the human body:
The role of the trace element is to activate a large number of enzymatic reactions, for example:
Formation of bone structure
Helps improve nervous system function
Prevents fat from being deposited in the liver
Required for fast healing wounds received and human growth
Iron absorption by the body
Formation of “energy carrier”, that is, glucose and proteins
With its help, an energy process occurs, during which glucose and carbons are oxidized.
Helps the body absorb copper and takes part in many body processes
Activates enzymes.

Thanks to this active participation in the central nervous system, manganese is called a “microelement manager.”

Daily requirement for manganese:
-An adult needs two to five milligrams of manganese
-Pregnant or breastfeeding women four to eight milligrams
-Children from one to three years – 1 milligram; from four to six years – 1.5 milligrams; from seven to fifteen – 2 milligrams; children over fifteen years of age from two to 5 milligrams.

However, if you exercise and take time every day to physical activity, then you should increase your manganese intake by 5 to 8 milligrams. For illnesses such as diabetes, frequent dizziness, schizophrenia or nervous disorders, you should also increase the dose of manganese that enters the body.

Symptoms of manganese deficiency:
One of the most common abnormalities in humans is a lack of manganese in the body. Most often, the appearance of such a deviation is associated with an increase in mental or emotional stress, and manganese works intensively with the processes of stability of the central nervous system. The deficiency of this microelement has a bad effect on the nervous system and does not have a beneficial effect on the functions of the brain and some other organs. People suffering from depression have an increased need for manganese enzymes. It is at such moments that shortages occur.
There is a very high chance of manganese deficiency in people who drink alcohol excessively.
Other causes of deficiency:
1. Poor nutrition, low consumption of foods containing manganese.
2. Excessive consumption of lemonade, soda and canned food.
3. Manganese consumption as a result of mental and emotional overload
4. During menopause in women
5. Poisoning of the body with various toxic substances
6. Violation of the regulatory function of manganese

What symptoms should you start sounding the alarm about:
Constant fatigue, as well as frequent dizziness and bad mood
The thinking process deteriorates
Loss of some moments of memory
Nails and hair grow slowly
Infertility in women
A decrease in blood cholesterol, as well as an increase in excess weight. Obesity
Mental retardation
And some others.

Symptoms of excess manganese:
An excess of microelement is especially harmful to the body. If the dose of manganese per day is from forty milligrams per day, then this will lead to disturbances in the functioning of the body, such as: daily loss of appetite, the appearance of hallucinations, decreased active work human, the appearance of muscle pain, constant fatigue and drowsiness, as well as eternal depression, muscle atrophy and lung damage.

What foods contain manganese:
To avoid this outcome, you should be more careful about what you eat. Such herbal products Like beets, nuts, lingonberries, pineapple, raspberries and other berries, vegetables contain a lot of manganese. Liver, fish, poultry and dairy products are also on this list.