home Auditorium 7 Pain in the lower abdomen in a woman: possible causes, associated symptoms. Pain in the lower abdomen when moving

Pain in the lower abdomen in a woman: possible causes, associated symptoms. Pain in the lower abdomen when moving

Abdominal pain is a serious sign of pathologies of internal organs abdominal cavity. Each pathology with an acute or chronic course has its own individual picture, that is, a certain localization, intensity of pain, clinical and laboratory indicators.
Diseases of the infectious-inflammatory, viral or oncological type of the descending intestines, urinary tract and reproductive system are characterized by pain on both the left and right sides. We examined some pathologies in detail in the article “Pain in the lower abdomen on the right”; in this publication we will focus on diseases in which pain appears in the lower abdomen on the left.

Characteristics of pain

An important component in diagnosing diseases of the abdominal cavity is the nature of the pain localized on the left. Anatomically (or topographically), the following organs are located in this area of the human body: the sigmoid and rectum of the large intestine with the rectal sphincter, the bladder with the left ureter, in women the left ovary with the fallopian tube and fascial and muscle tissues. Infectious inflammatory diseases The gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system, complicated by microbial infection, often lead to peritonitis. If the lower part of the abdomen, that is, the pelvic organs, is affected, pelvioperitonitis develops with the accumulation of pus in the excavations of the small pelvis, which is manifested by pain along the entire perimeter of the abdomen, that is, acute abdomen syndrome is formed.

All about pain

Each pathology of the abdominal cavity has its own “pain pattern”, that is, it can be of different intensity (strong, medium and weak) and duration (temporary and permanent).

Pain is divided into types, namely:

Dull and aching character

These pains are characteristic of gynecological diseases (inflammation of the ovaries or uterus). If the left ovary is involved in the inflammatory process, then pain appears on the left. It can appear during menstruation, sexual intercourse, during physical activity or at rest. In addition to gynecology, aching pain can be observed with inflammation of the hemorrhoidal veins, varicose veins of the small pelvis, chronic cystitis and malignant tumors, as well as for pathologies of the sigmoid and rectum.

Referring (pulling) pain

Inflammatory and purulent diseases, involving the genitourinary organs and part of the gastrointestinal tract (rectum and sigmoid colon), have a protracted and debilitating course with little intensity. Irradiation is directed to the left leg and to the lumbar spine and occurs due to increased pressure in the groin and stretching of the inguinal ligaments.

Acute (sharp) pain

Colic or spasms cause sharp pain. They are characteristic of colitis, cystitis, urolithiasis, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (dysentery, salmonellosis, gastroenteritis, sigmoiditis, Crohn's disease), as well as adnexitis and ectopic pregnancy. Sharp pain in the intestines in the lower abdomen with cancer in the second, third and fourth stages of the disease.

Piercing type

Stitching pain occurs as a kidney stone passes through the left (or right) ureter towards the bladder. When oxolate or urate stones pass through the lumen of the ureter at the mouth of the bladder, the pain becomes colicky and radiates to the groin area, as well as to the abdomen and lower back. Such pain appears in diseases affecting the rectum and rectal sphincter, as well as the sigmoid part of the colon, that is, the lower gastrointestinal tract.

The listed types of pain are serious precursors of an acute abdomen and direct indications for surgical intervention. If you are bothered by pain on the left side (of any intensity) localized in the lower abdomen, call immediately ambulance!

General symptoms of pathologies of internal abdominal organs

In addition to pain, pathologies of the abdomen on the left side are accompanied by a number of common features, such as: general malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired diuresis and fever. Pain of varying intensity may also be observed in the left iliac region when coughing and walking. All these symptoms are also characteristic of sigmoiditis, Crohn's disease, nephrolithiasis and helminthic infestation, which we will talk about in more detail below.

Sigmoiditis

Inflammation of the sigmoid colon is not a separate disease, but a type of gastrointestinal pathology, such as proctitis, colitis or enterocolitis. The disease occurs acutely or chronically.

Factors that cause pathology of the sigmoid colon are divided into two groups: internal and external.

Internal include intestinal infections(usually dysentery and salmonellosis), dysbacteriosis (can be caused by antibacterial or chemotherapy), Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcerative colitis and atherosclerosis of mesenteric vessels. In this case, infections cause an acute form of sigmoiditis, and other diseases cause a chronic form.

External factors contributing to acute development pathologies are pesticides and radioactive substances.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

Pain of an acute and cutting type localized in the left iliac region with irradiation to the lower back and thigh.
Diarrhea or constipation.
False tenesmus.
General malaise.
Decreased appetite.
Mental disorders (nervousness, sleep disturbance).

Why does the lower abdomen hurt with sigmoiditis? The intestine has a high degree of sensitivity due to its developed innervation system. When damaged or inflamed, the intestines quickly respond with severe pain with increased or decreased peristalsis.

The pain barrier also depends on the type of damage to the anatomical structure of the intestine, which is divided into:

catarrhal (mucous) type: the intestinal mucosa is inflamed, it is hyperemic and swollen, there is a large amount of mucus in the intestinal lumen;
erosive type: the pathological process involves the deeper layers (mucosal and muscular) of the large intestine, the affected part is covered with erosions;
purulent-hemorrhagic (ulcerative) sigmoiditis: pathogenic flora joins erosions or ulcers, forming bleeding and purulent foci;
perisigmoid type: the infectious-inflammatory process spreads to nearby intra-abdominal organs and tissues (mesentery), a serous infiltrate appears around the sigmoid colon, the consequence of which is interintestinal or enteromesenteric adhesions.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints, clinical picture, palpation of the abdomen, instrumental studies the distal part of the large intestine, sigmoid and rectum, as well as on the basis of laboratory analyzes of stool. When palpating the abdomen on the left side, the patient reacts painfully, pushing away the doctor’s hand. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract shows swelling and hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa ( catarrhal form). With erosive and purulent form, endoscopy is performed only medical indications, in excluding oncological processes. In these cases, sigmoidoscopy is sufficient, which confirms the diagnosis based on mucosal hyperemia and the presence large quantity mucus streaked with blood and pus. In stool tests (bacteriological culture), the causative agent of intestinal infection is detected.

Sigmoiditis is treated outpatiently or inpatiently with conservative treatment.

Firstly, patients are prescribed a diet (table No. 4) that does not contain food products that cause fermentation and rotting. Fried, fatty and spicy foods are excluded. In the first two days, fasting and drinking plenty of fluids (non-carbonated water and herbal teas) are recommended to prevent dehydration after prolonged diarrhea. In some cases, drip administration of solutions (infusion therapy) is prescribed. Secondly, broad-spectrum antibiotics (levomecitin) are used to eliminate pathogenic flora, and probiotics are recommended to combat dysbiosis. Thirdly, antispasmodics are prescribed to relieve colic.

Within 2 weeks, the pathology is completely eliminated if all treatment recommendations are followed. In this case, relapse of the disease will not be observed for a long time. An untreated disease will lead to the development chronic form sigmoiditis with attendant complications.

If you suffer from such a pathology for a long time and are treated at home with folk remedies to no avail, then this is best case scenario will lead to the development of a chronic form of the disease, and in the worst case – to irreversible processes such as intestinal perforation or peritonitis.

Crohn's disease

The pathology is a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of inflammatory processes with a violation of the intestinal structure, adhesive formations inside the peritoneum and fistulas. The disease is chronic and lasts for six months or more, depending on the body’s reaction and general immunity. Intestinal inflammation leads to stenosis of the intestinal tube, the accumulation of serous fluid around the affected area, as well as the formation of fistulas connecting the intestinal tube to the abdominal organs.

Symptoms of Crohn's disease are divided into:

intestinal, characterized by sharp stabbing pains, diarrhea rich in mucus and blood impurities, inflammation of the rectum and sphincter,
extraintestinal, manifested by general weakness, weight loss, constant low-grade fever, damage to the joints, liver, kidneys and blood. Also, with this form of the disease, pathological changes in the skin and eyeballs are observed, and a specific yellowness appears. The mucous membranes ulcerate and bleed.

The reasons causing the occurrence of pathology are:

The disease can affect either one segment of the gastrointestinal tract (only the duodenum or ileocecal zone), or several segments of the intestine, stomach and esophagus, up to the oral cavity.

According to the course of the disease, the pathology is divided into:

primary, with acute and gradual onset;
continuous-chronic, lasting up to six months;
recurrent form.

According to clinical development, Crohn's disease occurs in the form of:

Acute ileitis (inflammation of the sigmoid part of the large intestine).
Jejunoileitis (inflammation of the sigmoid tube, jejunal tube with obturation).
Chronic jejunoileitis (inflammation of the jejunum and disruption of its absorption capacity).
Granulomatous colitis and proctitis (development of intraintestinal granulomas).

This leads to the fact that the pain syndrome does not cover certain parts of the abdomen, but different ones: sometimes the lower abdomen hurts on the left or right, sometimes the entire abdomen, sometimes the pain can be of a girdling nature - it all depends on the affected area, on the form of the disease and its onset, then there is a gradual, acute or fulminant development of the disease. When coughing, the pain in the abdomen intensifies and becomes unbearable, plus in case of damage lower sections colon, the sphincter weakens and involuntary release of feces and urine may occur.

Diagnosis is based on medical history, general examination of the patient, laboratory results and instrumental data. On palpation, an inflamed or granular left iliac zone is felt. The pain is dull or sharp (depending on the form and phase of the disease), which can radiate towards the abdomen and lower back.

Laboratory tests are evidence of pathology, namely:

Complete blood count: low number of platelets and red blood cells, the presence of a large number of leukocytes.
Analysis of stool: in the stool there is a large amount of undigested food elements and a large amount of fat, the level of calprotectin is 2-3 times higher than normal.
Biochemical blood test: anemia, increased level ALT and AST, which indicates liver damage.

Instrumental examinations include:

Schematically, the treatment of Crohn's disease can be divided into the following options: medication and surgery.

The drug treatment option consists of the use of sulfasalazine, leukotriene receptor antagonists immune system, hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants (medicines that inhibit the immune components of Crohn's pathology).

If ineffective conservative therapy An operation with extirpation of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed. The main point in the treatment regimen is a diet with balanced diet and vitamin therapy (use of multi-vitamin complex A, E, K, D, B12 and PP).

Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis

This disease, which can be unilateral or bilateral, is included in the group of kidney diseases and is characterized by a violation of urine pH towards oxidation or alkalization. Impaired metabolism, plus an infectious-inflammatory process of a chronic nature, lead to the formation of calculous conglomerates. They develop in the lumen of the pelvis and cups. The size of the stones varies: from sand to 5 centimeters or more.

When the disease occurs, the patient often has pain on the left or right side of not only the back, but also in the lower abdomen.

The main factors contributing to the formation of stones are:

The presence of large amounts of calcium, magnesium and oxalic acid in food. These substances come from lactic acid products, meat, fatty fish, vegetables and fruits rich in acids.
Poisoning with heavy metals or pesticides, which can lead to inflammation of the kidney parenchyma with subsequent development of stones.
Violation of the anatomical structure of the urinary system, leading to inflammation and stasis of urine.
The presence of some chronic (gout, Crohn's disease, pyelonephritis, etc.) or somatic diseases with in a sedentary manner life, provoking urinary stasis, as a result of which conglomerates are formed within several months.

Symptoms in the first stage of the disease are scant, but as lithiasis develops, patients feel pain in the lumbar region more and more clearly. As soon as they make some movements (jumping or running), as well as perform physical activity with lifting weights, the “sleeping stone” will immediately make itself felt through renal colic. If the process is located in the left kidney, then the pain will be localized in the left lower abdomen. The pain is sharp, stabbing and does not last long. It radiates to the left groin area, lower back and left leg. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and fever. When a urate or oxalate formation moves, the integrity of the ureteral mucosa is damaged, and blood appears in the urine.

At the first symptoms, it is necessary to call an ambulance, and not to engage in traditional methods of treatment, because... this is fraught with serious consequences.

Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis includes:

Anamnesis collection.
Palpation and percussion.
Blood test (general and biochemical).
Urinalysis (general, according to Nichiporenko and Zemnitsky).
Ultrasound, MRI and computed tomography of the kidneys and abdominal organs.
X-ray in three projections.
Radioisotope study of the kidneys.

Therapeutic measures

Urolithiasis can be relieved by two methods: conservatively and surgically.

If the pebble is small in size, then antispasmodics and analgesics are used, which will remove it from the urinary system. Next, antibiotics and litholysis drugs are prescribed, as well as special dietary nutrition.

In the case of a large conglomerate, surgical intervention is performed with its removal or extirpation of the kidney (if the renal lumen is completely obstructed by a stone up to 5 cm or more). After the operation drug treatment, physiotherapy and spa treatment(Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki and Pyatigorsk).

Helminthiasis

Typically, helminthic pathology develops in the presence of the following factors:

poor sanitary and hygienic conditions,
decreased immunity,
direct contact with infected pets,
entry of helminths into the digestive system through contaminated food or water.

Abdominal pain of varying intensity, often localized in the left side of the abdomen (pain intensifies at night and after eating).
Specific grinding of teeth during sleep.
Nausea.
Itching in the anus.
Decreased appetite.
Diarrhea.
Cough.
Damage to the liver and kidneys.
Exacerbation of cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
Myocarditis.
Skin rashes.
Temperature increase.
Irritability.
Sleep disturbance.
Headache.
Meningoencephalitis.

When painful sensations in the left iliac region, it is not recommended to suppress them with analgesics, since the use of these drugs erases the symptoms of the clinical picture, and if the pain is caused by acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, this can lead to peritonitis and death.

Only in the case of a known diagnosis should some help be taken, for example, for renal colic it is recommended to take antispasmodics and analgesics, and for sigmoiditis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are added. In other cases, it is better to wait for the emergency doctor, taking a comfortable position in which pain is minimal, and under no circumstances drink, eat, or apply heat.

The occurrence of pain in the left iliac region is not a simple phenomenon, but an alarming one, because pain in this area appears with a variety of diseases that may not have made themselves felt before. For example, helminthiasis does not immediately manifest itself as pain in the lower abdomen, but in the stage of toxic manifestation. But even if the disease makes itself known early stages development, such as urolithiasis or sigmoiditis, then without attaching any importance to this, it can become chronic. Of the pathologies described above, there is not a single simple one that will go away on its own. Your own inattention can lead to perforated ulcers or to peritonitis. And these complications are life-threatening. Do not self-medicate, consult a doctor in time!

Note!

The presence of symptoms such as:

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer.

These diseases are dangerous due to the development of serious complications (penetration, stomach bleeding etc.), many of which can lead to

LETHAL

outcome. Treatment needs to start now.

Read the article about how a woman got rid of these symptoms by defeating their main cause using a natural method. Read the material…

Topographically, the sigmoid colon (a section of the large intestine located in front of the rectum), the left ureter, through which urine flows from the left kidney to the bladder, as well as the left uterine appendages are projected onto the left iliac region (a section of the anterior abdominal wall located below and to the left of the navel). among women. Therefore, most often pain in the lower abdomen on the left indicates damage to these organs.

In order to determine which organ is affected, it is necessary, as doctors say, to detail the pain syndrome. It is necessary to evaluate the nature of the pain (stabbing, cutting, aching, pulling, cramping), its severity, connection with physical activity, acts of urination and defecation, body position, etc.

In addition, the presence of other symptoms (diarrhea, fever, vaginal discharge in women) should be taken into account, as well as medical history (have there been similar attacks in the past, what caused them, what treatment was given).

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left with damage to the sigmoid colon

If there is pain in the lower abdomen on the left, damage to the sigmoid colon can be suspected in cases where there are symptoms such as:

the pain intensifies on the eve of defecation, after a long walk or during a bumpy ride;
pain syndrome is accompanied by tenesmus - a painful urge to defecate;
pain is combined with frequent loose stools (up to 20-40 times a day);
feces look like meat slop (significant admixture of blood) and/or have a foul odor;
V stool pathological inclusions (blood, pus, mucus) are detected with the naked eye.

The sigmoid colon is an S-shaped, curved section of the large intestine located just in front of the rectum. Therefore, all pathological processes spread from the sigmoid colon to the rectum, and isolated damage to the sigmoid colon is extremely rare.

Structural features such as the presence of physiological bends and narrowings contribute to stagnation of intestinal contents; this is quite rational with physiological point vision, since it is in the sigmoid colon that the final formation of feces occurs. However, these same features have led to the fact that the sigmoid colon is the most vulnerable place of the large intestine - tumor, degenerative and inflammatory processes are localized here more often than in other sections.

Most often, pain in the left lower abdomen occurs with the following pathologies of the sigmoid colon:

infectious processes (acute and chronic dysentery, as well as dysentery-like infections);
chronic non-ulcerative colitis;
nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
Crohn's disease;
circulatory disorders in the sigmoid colon (ischemic sigmoiditis);
sigmoid colon cancer.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left with dysentery and dysentery-like infections

The causative agents of dysentery are Shigella and some other microorganisms (for example, enteroinvasive coli) are capable of secreting toxins that cause the formation of ulcers in the terminal part of the large intestine.

As a result, acute sigmoiditis develops with typical symptoms: frequent loose stools, tenesmus, cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left. Feces contain mucus, blood and pus visible to the eye. The symptom of “rectal spitting” is very characteristic, when with a high frequency of stool during the act of defecation, only mucus mixed with blood and pus is released.

Dysentery and dysentery-like infections are transmitted from person to person through food, water, and dirty hands. A significant role in the spread of infection is played by bacteria carriers - people who do not have signs of the disease, but release bacteria into the external environment.

The disease begins acutely as gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea without pathological impurities, cramping abdominal pain without clear localization), occurring with a significant increase in temperature (up to 38-39 degrees) and pronounced signs of intoxication (weakness, drowsiness, headache). Only on the second or third day the disease takes on the character of a typical acute sigmoiditis.

If you suspect dysentery, you should contact an infectious disease specialist, since the lack of adequate treatment can lead to the development of complications or the disease becoming chronic.

Chronic dysentery is prone to a persistent relapsing course, when periods of relative well-being are replaced by periods of clinical exacerbation of the pathology, reminiscent of acute sigmoiditis.

Bursting pain in the lower abdomen on the left with chronic non-ulcerative sigmoiditis

Chronic non-ulcerative sigmoiditis is a polyetiological disease (pathology caused by several reasons at once), in the occurrence of which hereditary predisposition, a tendency to allergic reactions, presence of other diseases gastrointestinal tract and improper nutrition (lack of a normal diet, lack of vitamins and coarse fiber with an excess of easily digestible carbohydrates and fats of animal origin, abuse of spicy foods, salt and alcohol).

The mechanism of development of the pathology is based on a violation of the normal balance of intestinal microflora, so the impetus for the occurrence of chronic non-ulcer sigmoiditis can be long-term antibiotic therapy, previous infectious intestinal diseases, toxic infections, giardiasis, etc.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left in chronic non-ulcerative sigmoiditis has a bursting character, radiates to the perineum and groin, and intensifies with sudden movements and physical activity. In this case, the pain is most often of medium or weak intensity, sometimes perceived as a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen on the left.

The pain syndrome is accompanied by stool disorders. Chronic nonulcerative sigmoiditis, unlike other lesions of the sigmoid colon, is characterized by constipation and/or constipation followed by diarrhea.

A long course of the disease leads to cerebrovascular disease (exhaustion of the nervous system), in such cases characteristic symptoms appear: headache, irritability, fatigue, decreased physical and mental performance, emotional lability, tendency to phobias (obsessive fears) and depression.

Cramping pain in the left lower abdomen with chronic nonspecific inflammatory lesions of the large intestine

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left is characteristic of chronic ulcerative lesions of the sigmoid colon, not associated with the activity of specific microflora (so-called nonspecific inflammatory bowel lesions).

In such cases, pain occurs periodically during exacerbations of the disease and is combined with other characteristic symptoms ulcerative lesion sigmoid colon, such as:

frequent loose, foul-smelling stools;
the presence of visible blood in the stool;
violation general condition body (weakness, fever, headache, etc.).

With a long course of chronic nonspecific inflammatory lesions of the intestine, chronic anemia, cerebrovascular disease, and in severe cases cachexia (general exhaustion of the body) develop.

Features of pain syndrome in nonspecific ulcerative colitis

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a severe chronic disease of the large intestine (mainly its terminal sections - the rectum and sigmoid colon), characterized by the formation of superficial ulcers on the mucous membrane with the subsequent development of complications - both local and general.

The disease most often develops at a young age (20-40 years) and is severe. It should be noted that the main symptom of the pathology is frequent loose bloody stools. Cramping pain appears before defecation and subsides after bowel movement. If the pain becomes constant, this indicates the development of local complications(perforation of an ulcer or toxic expansion of the intestine).

Features of pain in the lower abdomen on the left with damage to the sigmoid colon caused by Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a severe chronic disease characterized by segmental damage to the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, inflammatory infiltrates appear on the affected areas, in place of which deep cracks form, and subsequently cicatricial narrowings develop, fistulas appear, and a reactive adhesive process occurs.

It should be noted that the terminal portion is most often affected in Crohn's disease. small intestine(another name for the pathology is terminal ileitis). With isolated damage to the terminal parts of the large intestine, the pain is localized in the lower abdomen on the left and has a typical periodic nature (cramping pain appears on the eve of defecation and disappears after bowel movement).

With the development of an adhesive process in the pelvic cavity, the pain syndrome becomes permanent; in such cases, the pain may intensify with a change in body position.

Pain associated with food load in ischemic lesions of the sigmoid colon

Ischemic damage to the sigmoid colon develops in old age, usually in patients with other atherosclerosis-related diseases ( ischemic disease heart disease, intermittent claudication, cerebrovascular insufficiency, etc.).

It is characteristic that, unlike other diseases, ischemic sigmoiditis occurs in isolation, since the rectum, due to the characteristics of its blood supply, is not involved in the process. Acute circulatory failure leads to the formation of poorly healing ulcers on the mucous membrane, and subsequently a scar process develops, leading to a narrowing of the lumen of the sigmoid colon.

The clinical picture of ischemic sigmoiditis is in many ways similar to nonspecific ulcerative colitis. However, pain in the lower abdomen on the left when ischemic damage The sigmoid colon has specific features. Pain syndrome occurs in cases where there is an increased need for blood supply, that is, after a heavy meal. The pain has an attack different character, and the attacks are quite long (up to three hours).

Ischemic pain is characterized by high intensity, so patients often deliberately reduce the amount of food consumed, fearing attacks of severe pain.

Pain in the left lower abdomen with sigmoid colon cancer

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left with sigmoid colon cancer appears most often with the development of complications, such as chronic intestinal obstruction, tumor disintegration with the formation of a bleeding ulcer, or the addition of an infection with the development of an inflammatory process.

It should be noted that the development of complications in itself does not indicate the extent of the process. Due to such features of the anatomical structure as the curvature and narrowness of the sigmoid colon canal, chronic intestinal obstruction develops relatively early. In this case, pain in the lower abdomen is cramping in nature and occurs against the background of constipation, often followed by diarrhea.

Since the sigmoid colon tumor is easily injured by dense feces, a secondary infection is also possible in the early stages of the disease. In such cases, pain in the lower abdomen on the left, as a rule, is combined with pathological changes in stool (the presence visible to the eye pathological inclusions- blood, mucus and pus).

Thus, a combination of symptoms such as pain in the lower abdomen on the left, the presence of blood in the stool and a tendency to constipation are always suspicious for sigmoid colon cancer. Patients aged fifty years and older should be especially careful.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left with left-sided renal colic

Pain in the left lower abdomen can occur with left-sided renal colic, a very characteristic pain syndrome resulting from obstruction of the urinary tract.

Renal colic is characterized by unusually severe stabbing or cramping pain that is not relieved by rest. A specific sign of this pathology is the discrepancy between the extreme severity of the pain syndrome and the relatively satisfactory general condition of the patient.

So if patients with an acute abdomen lie motionless in bed, then patients with an attack of renal colic rush around the room, trying to find a position that alleviates the attack.

Pain in renal colic radiates down the ureter to the external genitalia and to the inner thigh and is often accompanied by a frequent urge to urinate. Sometimes it is possible to detect pain or discomfort in the lumbar region.

An attack of renal colic is relatively easily relieved with analgesics and antispasmodics, however, due to the possibility of complications (infection, urinary tract obstruction with the formation of hydrocele of the kidney, etc.), medical observation is indicated.

Pain in the left lower abdomen in women

When pain appears in the lower left abdomen in women, the possibility of pathology of the uterine appendages (ectopic pregnancy, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages, ovarian apoplexy (hemorrhage into the ovary), neoplasms of the uterine appendages, torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst, etc.) should be taken into account.

Gynecological pathology should be suspected when pain appears in the lower left abdomen if the following signs are present:

menstrual irregularities (the appearance of sharp pain in the lower abdomen against the background of delayed menstruation is always suspicious of an ectopic pregnancy);
pathological vaginal discharge (bloody, purulent, mucopurulent, etc.);
unfavorable medical history (previous ectopic pregnancy, surgical interventions on the uterus, the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the uterine appendages, etc.).

In this case, a distinction is made between acute lesions of the uterine appendages, which occur with signs of an “acute abdomen” and require immediate hospitalization, and chronic pathology, in which case it is necessary to consult a doctor as planned.

Acute abdomen in gynecology

Sharp, sudden pain in the lower abdomen on the left requires emergency hospitalization in cases where it is combined with symptoms of an “acute abdomen”, such as:

nausea and reflex vomiting that does not bring relief (occurs as a result of irritation of the peritoneum);
increased body temperature;
pain and tension in the anterior abdominal wall in the projection of the affected organ (in this case, the lower left abdomen);
deterioration of the general condition of the body (weakness, cold sweat, headache, dizziness, etc.)

The following lesions of the uterine appendages can cause an acute abdomen::

rupture of the fallopian tube or tubal abortion during tubal ectopic pregnancy;
ovarian apoplexy (bleeding into the ovary);
torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst;
acute adnexitis ( acute inflammation uterine appendages).

Pain syndrome in the lower abdomen on the left with gynecological diseases, occurring with the clinic of an acute abdomen, has a stabbing, cutting or cramping nature. In the case of a rupture of the tube during tubal pregnancy, the pain can be felt like a blow from a dagger (dagger pain), and with the accumulation of pus in the cavity of the tube (pyosalping), as well as with suppuration of the ovary (ovarian abscess), the pain often takes on a pulsating character.

In acute gynecological pathology, pain radiates to the sacral area and anus, and in case of irritation of the pelvic plexus, which often occurs when massive blood or pus enters the pelvic cavity, the pain radiates to the left hypochondrium, as well as to the left supra- and subclavian region.

With spontaneous termination of a tubal pregnancy and with hemorrhage into the ovary, severe internal bleeding develops; in such cases, the described symptoms of an acute abdomen are combined with signs of internal bleeding, such as:

pallor of the skin and visible mucous membranes;
increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure;
weakness, dizziness.

If signs of internal bleeding appear, emergency medical attention is necessary, since delay can lead to the development of a shock reaction and death.

In acute left-sided inflammation of the uterine appendages, pain in the lower abdomen on the left is combined with purulent vaginal discharge and develops against the background of high fever (38-39 degrees and above). In such cases, hospitalization is also indicated, since the development of purulent complications such as ovarian abscess or pyosalping.

Periodically appearing dull nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left in chronic gynecological pathology

Dull nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left is characteristic of a chronic inflammatory process in the left appendages of the uterus. In such cases, pain is usually accompanied by the appearance of mucopurulent discharge.

Chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages most often develops as a consequence of an acute infectious-inflammatory disease of the uterus and/or appendages (acute endometritis, acute adnexitis, acute salpingoophoritis). Exacerbation of the process can be associated with both external (hypothermia, nervous or physical stress) and internal reasons(the onset of menstrual bleeding, weakening of the body after an illness).

Often, chronic inflammatory processes in the uterine appendages occur subacutely, so that dull nagging pain in the lower abdomen that appears during menstruation or after exposure to unfavorable external factors may be the only symptom of the pathology. However, at any moment the process can worsen with the development of purulent complications up to peritonitis, and with a long course, irreversible changes occur in the uterine appendages, leading to infertility.

Dull nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left can occur with neoplasms of the uterine appendages - both benign and malignant. At the same time, benign ovarian cysts are accompanied by pain only when the volume of the cyst reaches large sizes.

Pain syndrome in fallopian tube cancer occurs at relatively early stages of tumor development and often has a cramping character. In this case, the pain is accompanied by copious (up to 50 ml or more) watery vaginal discharge. This pathology develops most often during premenopause (after 40-45 years).

Ovarian cancer, as a rule, develops later, during the postmenopausal period (after 50 years) and often remains asymptomatic for a long time. So pain syndrome occurs even with a widespread tumor process against the background of general exhaustion of the body and symptoms of cancer intoxication (nausea, headache, weakness, weight loss).

However, in some cases, pain in the lower abdomen on the left with cancer of the left ovary occurs already at the initial stage of the disease. At the same time, short-term pulling and aching pain appear without apparent reason. Subsequently, the pain syndrome becomes cyclical: pain occurs after 4-5 days and lasts 2-3 hours.

When a tumor grows into the pelvic cavity, the pain becomes constant and can change its character depending on the degree of damage to surrounding organs and tissues (stabbing, tearing, gnawing pain).

Which doctor should I contact for pain in the left lower abdomen?

Since pain in the lower abdomen on the left may be due to diseases various organs, then when it appears, it is necessary to contact doctors of various specialties whose competence includes treating the pathology of the affected organ. The decision on which doctor to contact in each specific case is made depending on the nature of the pain and accompanying symptoms, which make it possible to “calculate” the affected organ.

First of all, you should know that it is necessary to consult a doctor routinely only for diseases that do not threaten death in the short term. It is these pathologies and cases that will be discussed below. But if a person develops an emergency condition, that is, there is a disease in which the absence medical care can lead to death in the shortest possible time, then you need to call an ambulance and go to the hospital. Such emergency conditions it is easy to recognize - with them, pain in the lower abdomen on the left can be combined with pain in other parts of the abdomen, radiating to the rectum, side, lower back, the pain is intense, strong, sharp, does not subside over time, is always accompanied by a sharp deterioration in well-being, possibly a single vomiting, not bringing relief, lowering blood pressure, weakness, headaches.

If intense, cramping pain appears in the lower abdomen on the left, not spreading to other areas, but often simultaneously felt in the lower abdomen on the right and in the navel area, combined with constipation, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, rumbling in the abdomen, frequent bowel movements, then this indicates intestinal diseases (for example, colitis, enterocolitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome), which means you need to contact Gastroenterologist (make an appointment) or therapist (make an appointment).

If a person experiences severe pain in the anus, rectum and lower abdomen on the left, combined with a frequent urge to defecate, diarrhea and pain during defecation, then you should contact proctologist (make an appointment) or surgeon (make an appointment), since similar symptoms are characteristic of proctitis and paraproctitis.

The appearance of nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left, which with sudden movements, stress and high loads becomes stabbing and sharp, or intensifies, and is not combined with other symptoms of digestive disorders, urination, etc., indicates adhesive disease and, accordingly, requires contacting a surgeon. Adhesive disease suggest previous operations on the abdominal organs or inflammatory diseases of these organs (stomach, intestines, pancreas, gall bladder, etc.).

Dull, constant, moderate pain in the lower abdomen on the left, which is combined with pain in the lower abdomen on the right or near the navel (when the whole abdomen seems to hurt), characterized by the fact that it does not subside over time, accompanied by vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite, surges in blood pressure pressure, rapid heartbeat (up to 100 beats per minute), rapid breathing(40 breaths per minute) and elevated body temperature indicate mesadenitis (inflammation lymph nodes intestinal mesentery), and require contacting a surgeon.

Paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen on the left, felt simultaneously or radiating to the groin and lower back, combined with urinary dysfunction (blood in the urine, painful, frequent urination), forcing a person to walk restlessly continuously due to the fact that it is not possible to find a position in which the pain would be at least a little weaker, indicate a disease of the urinary organs (urolithiasis, blockage of the ureter with a stone) and require treatment urologist (make an appointment) or a surgeon.

If the pain is felt in the lower abdomen in the center and spreads to the left, combined with frequent, painful urination, cloudy urine or blood in the urine, then this indicates cystitis and requires treatment. nephrologist (make an appointment) or a urologist (women can contact gynecologist (make an appointment), if a nephrologist and urologist are absent).

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left, right, or center, which is accompanied by frequent, loose/mushy, scanty stools containing blood or mucus, rumbling, bloating, pain with bowel movements, lack of relief after bowel movements, and sometimes nausea and vomiting, indicates intestinal infection and requires treatment infectious disease doctor (make an appointment).

Periodically appearing nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left, radiating to the groin and leg, combined with a protrusion in the area of the left inguinal fold, intensifying or provoked by physical activity, indicate inguinal hernia and require contacting a surgeon.

Severe paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen in women, which suddenly appears on both the right and left, and then migrates to the left, or a dull nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left that appears after stress, hypothermia, physical activity may indicate inflammation of the uterine appendages (adnexitis, salpingo-oophoritis ) or endometritis and, accordingly, require contacting a gynecologist. Both types of pain are characterized by the spread of pain to the sacrum, lower back, groin or rectum, combined with pain when urinating, irregular cycles, fatigue, short temper, irritability, inflammatory vaginal discharge or elevated body temperature (greenish, yellowish, grayish, with blisters, flakes, pus, mucus, etc.).

Episodic nagging pain in the left lower abdomen in women, often caused by sexual intercourse, combined with prolongation of the cycle, short intermenstrual bleeding, indicate the presence of a cystoma or ovarian cyst and require consultation with a gynecologist.

Dull, drawing, aching pain in the lower abdomen on the left in women, which can intensify during menstruation, extends to the lower back, tailbone, sacrum or rectum, is combined with bleeding, frequent urination, clots in menstrual flow, indicating neoplasms in the genital organs (for example, uterine fibroids, polyp, etc.) and, accordingly, require contacting a gynecologist.

Pain in the lower left abdomen in men, radiating to the left side, perineum, lower back, combined with urination disorders (frequent urination in small portions, prolonged urination due to slow flow of urine, etc.) and erection, indicates prostate disease (prostate adenoma or prostatitis), and therefore requires contacting a urologist.

When the pain in the lower abdomen on the left is persistent, does not go away for a long time, is combined with loss of appetite, sudden causeless weight loss, poor general health, perversion of taste, persistent constipation, bloating and flatulence - this is a sign of malignant neoplasms and requires treatment. oncologist (make an appointment).

What tests can doctors prescribe for pain in the lower abdomen on the right?

Pain in the lower left abdomen is provoked by a wide range of diseases of various organs, and therefore, when this symptom appears, the doctor can prescribe various tests and examinations necessary to identify the affected organ and the nature of the pathology. Therefore, in each specific case, the doctor selects and prescribes only those tests that will identify the existing disease of a particular organ. The choice of studies is made on the basis of accompanying symptoms, examination data and the nature of the pain, since it is this information that allows the doctor to guess which organ is affected and by what pathology.

If a person has signs of intestinal diseases, in particular, pain in the lower abdomen on the left, which can simultaneously be felt in the navel area, combined with constipation, diarrhea, frequent bowel movements with soft feces, bloating, flatulence, nausea, rumbling in the stomach, the doctor will prescribe the following tests and examinations to identify specific pathologies:

General blood analysis;
Analysis of stool for worm eggs;
Scatological analysis of stool;
Stool analysis for dysbacteriosis;
Stool culture or blood test for clostridia;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs (make an appointment);
Colonoscopy (make an appointment)/sigmoidoscopy (sign up);
Irrigoscopy ( X-ray intestines with contrast) (sign up);
Computer or Magnetic resonance imaging (sign up);
Stool analysis for calprotectin;
Blood test for the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies;
Blood test for the presence of antibodies to Saccharomycetes.

Usually, first of all, a general blood test, scatological stool analysis, stool test for worm eggs, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy are prescribed. Irrigoscopy and CT scan used as additional methods diagnostics that help clarify a complex clinical situation. Tests for clostridium are prescribed only after all other studies have already been done and there are suspicions that colitis is caused by taking antibiotics. Feces for calprotectin, blood for antibodies to Saccharomycetes and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are prescribed if Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is suspected and, most often, when a person cannot undergo a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or tomography.

When at the same time in the lower abdomen on the right and left, as well as in the navel or in one of these areas, a dull strong pain, which does not subside over time, combined with vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite, surges in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat (up to 100 beats per minute) and breathing (40 breaths per minute) and elevated body temperature, the doctor prescribes a list of the following tests and examinations that allow you to distinguish mesadenitis from other diseases and identify its causes:

General blood analysis;
General urine analysis;
Biochemical blood test (bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total protein, amylase, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH);
Fecal occult blood test;
Scatological analysis of stool;
Mantoux test, Diaskin test or blood test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
Blood test for antibodies to hepatitis A, B, C viruses (ELISA method);
Blood culture for sterility;
Blood test using PCR for the presence of microbes that can cause mesadenitis (enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Yersinia, streptococci, staphylococci, campylobacter, salmonella, E. coli);
Tests for ascariasis, enterobiasis, opisthorchiasis, giardiasis;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
Abdominal X-ray (make an appointment);
Colonoscopy;
Computed or magnetic resonance imaging;
Diagnostic laparoscopy (make an appointment) with the collection of pieces of tissue from inflamed lymph nodes for histological examination.

As a rule, if mesadenitis is suspected, all of the specified studies are prescribed and performed, as this is necessary to establish the exact cause of the disease and, accordingly, the prescription effective treatment. However, they can prescribe and perform only a colonoscopy or tomography, and neglect x-rays.

When paroxysmal pain appears in the lower abdomen on the left, which radiates to the groin and lower back, is combined with a urinary disorder (blood in the urine, pain when urinating, frequent urge to urinate, etc.), forcing a person to constantly be on the move, since If you can’t find a position in which the pain will subside even a little, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

General urine analysis;
General blood analysis;
Kidney ultrasound (sign up) and bladder;
Cystoscopy (make an appointment);
Urography (x-ray of the urinary system with the introduction contrast agent) (sign up);
Renal scintigraphy (sign up) and urinary tract;
CT scan.

First of all, a general blood and urine test, ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder and urography are prescribed, and only if these methods do not allow an accurate diagnosis, the doctor may additionally prescribe scintigraphy, cystoscopy and tomography.

If pain is felt in the pubic area, urethra, in the center of the lower abdomen and spreads to the left lower abdomen, is combined with frequent and painful urination, the urine is cloudy or contains blood, the doctor may prescribe the following tests and examinations aimed at identifying cystitis:

General blood analysis;
General urine analysis;
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko (sign up);
Biochemical urine analysis (creatinine, salts, etc.);
Bacteriological culture of urine to identify the causative agent of the inflammatory process;
Blood and scraping from the urethra to identify pathogens of sexually transmitted infections ( gonorrhea (sign up), chlamydia (sign up), gardnerellosis, ureaplasmosis (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), candidiasis, trichomoniasis);
Uroflowmetry (study of urine flow) (sign up);
Ultrasound of the bladder (sign up) and kidneys;
Cystoscopy.

As a rule, the doctor will first order urine tests, bacteriological cultures, or scraping or blood tests for the presence of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (sign up), Ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, since these studies are in most cases sufficient for diagnosis. Other tests from the list are prescribed only as additional tests when, after performing routine, standard studies, it was not possible to achieve an accurate diagnosis.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the left, which is combined with frequent bowel movements in small quantities loose stool, rumbling, bloating, pain during defecation, lack of relief after defecation and sometimes vomiting, indicates an intestinal infection. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following examinations to identify the specific microorganism that provoked the pathology:

Bacteriological culture of feces, vomit or washing water;
Blood test for the presence of antibodies to intestinal pathogens ( salmonella (sign up), Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, rotavirus, etc.) by ELISA and RNGA methods;
Analysis for the detection of DNA of pathogens of intestinal infections using PCR in feces, vomit, washing water, blood;
Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy;
Irrigoscopy.

As a rule, if intestinal infections are suspected, the first step is to prescribe bacteriological culture and tests of blood, feces, vomit or washing water for the presence of infectious agents. However, if symptoms do not go away during treatment and there is a suspicion of more heavy defeat intestines, the doctor prescribes colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or irrigoscopy.

If there are dull, drawing, aching pains in the lower abdomen on the left, spreading to the groin and leg, combined with a protrusion in the inguinal fold, intensifying with exercise, then the doctor prescribes Ultrasound (sign up), which is quite sufficient to detect a hernia.

If a person has pain in the lower abdomen of a pulling-aching nature, intensifying or appearing with sudden movements, stress or physical activity, during the period of intensification acquiring a sharp and stabbing character, not combined with other symptoms, present for a long time, then the doctor prescribes a general blood test, general urine test, abdominal ultrasound, x-ray with contrast or tomography to identify adhesions.

Sudden paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen on the left (at first it can be over the entire surface of the lower abdomen, but then shifts to the left) or dull, aching pain in the left lower abdomen that appears after stress, hypothermia, physical activity, which can spread to the sacrum, lower back, groin or rectum, combined with pain when urinating, irregular menstrual cycle, short temper, increased fatigue or elevated body temperature, prompts the doctor to think about inflammation of the uterine appendages, and he prescribes the following tests and examinations:

General blood analysis;
General urine analysis;
Vaginal flora smear (sign up);
Analysis of blood, vaginal discharge and scraping from the urethra for genital infections (for chlamydia, mycoplasma, gardnerella, ureaplasma, trichomonas, gonococci, Candida fungi);
Tests for the presence of viruses - herpes virus types 1 and 2, human papillomavirus (sign up), cytomegalovirus (sign up), Epstein-Barr virus;
Blood test for syphilis (sign up);
Bacteriological culture of vaginal discharge;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (sign up);
Hysterosalpingography (sign up).

Usually, doctors do not prescribe all of the listed tests at once, but only an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, a smear for vaginal flora, as well as a general blood and urine test, which are often quite sufficient to make a diagnosis. However, if the specified methods failed to install accurate diagnosis, the other studies listed above are additionally prescribed.

For nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left, which occurs periodically, is often caused by sexual intercourse, is combined with intermenstrual bleeding or prolongation of the cycle, the doctor usually prescribes only an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and a smear on the flora. Additionally, blood tests may be prescribed for the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and prolactin (sign up) to find out the cause of the formation of ovarian cysts.

For dull, nagging, aching pain in the lower abdomen on the left, intensifying during menstruation and stress radiating to the lower back, tailbone, sacrum or rectum, combined with the release of clots during menstruation and frequent urination, the doctor prescribes an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hysteroscopy (make an appointment) or, if possible, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, since these are the studies that are needed to diagnose uterine tumors. In addition, the doctor may prescribe a general and biochemical blood test, a general urine test, a coagulogram, a blood test for sex hormones (LH, FSH, testosterone, etc.) to assess the general condition of the body.

When a man experiences pain in the lower abdomen on the left in combination with pain in the perineum, left side and lower back, as well as urination and erection problems, the doctor prescribes the following examinations to diagnose prostate disease:

General urine analysis;
General blood analysis;
Palpation of the prostate through the anus with a finger;
Ultrasound of the prostate gland (make an appointment);
Microscopy of prostate secretion (sign up);
Bacteriological culture of urine, prostate secretion and urethral smear to identify the causative microbe and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
Analysis of prostate secretion, urethral smear or blood for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, candidiasis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, bacteroides);
Blood test for syphilis;
Blood test for sex hormones and tumor markers (sign up)(sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, prostate-specific antigen).

In practice, first of all, ultrasound of the prostate, palpation of the prostate, microscopy of prostate secretions, urethral smear and general blood and urine tests are prescribed. And only if these tests were not enough to make a diagnosis, the doctor additionally prescribes other examinations from the list.

When there is a suspicion of the presence of a tumor (persistent pain in the lower abdomen on the left, perversion of taste, loss of appetite, causeless weight loss, flatulence, bloating, persistent constipation), the doctor prescribes x-ray (sign up) and ultrasound of the abdominal organs, computed or magnetic resonance imaging, general and biochemical blood and urine tests, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, etc., to assess the general condition of the body and find out the exact location and size of the tumor formation. And the oncologist can additionally prescribe tests for tumor markers, which he selects depending on the affected organ and the type of tumor.

General information

The manifestation of pain in the lower abdomen most often forces women to consult a gynecologist to determine the causes of such symptoms. AND aching pain lower abdomen, and sharp pain the lower abdomen is equally alarming, especially if it hurts severely and for a long time.

However, very severe pain in the groin area may also indicate the manifestation of neurological or surgical pathologies. Therefore, both sharp cutting and dull aching pain in this part of the abdomen is a reason to immediately visit a doctor and undergo a full diagnosis.

Pain in the lower abdomen in women on the right and left

When determining the causes of pain in the lower abdomen in women, doctors divide them into two conditional groups. The reasons why a woman’s lower abdomen hurts may be organic And functional.

Organic causes of pain and cramping in women

diseases of the genital area in women ( endometritis, ovarian apoplexy, uterine fibroids, adnexitis, ovarian cyst, torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst, endometriosis);
discomfort and pain associated with use intrauterine device;
acute surgical pathology, diseases of the gallbladder, urinary system ( cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, appendicitis, cystitis);
dull, cutting, pulling and other types of pain associated with pregnancy(threat of interruption, ectopic pregnancy, colic after medical abortion, premature detachment placenta).

Functional reasons

disturbances of the monthly cycle ( dysfunctional uterine bleeding , algomenorrhea);
pain when ovulation;
stagnation of blood that is released during menstruation ( hematometer, bend of the uterus).

It should be noted that pain in the lower abdomen can have a different character. It can be sharp, sharp, aching. Sometimes it is accompanied by bloating and severe discomfort in the lower back. In some cases, during sexual contact, a woman feels discomfort immediately after the act.

It is important to determine as quickly as possible what is causing spasms in women in this area. The causes of spasms will be determined by the gynecologist or referred to the appropriate specialist.

What hurts in the lower abdomen?

With diseases of the genitourinary system, pain in the lower abdomen may occur in women on the left. If a woman has pain in the left lower abdomen, the causes of this condition may be a number of diseases that manifest themselves as pulling, stabbing, aching pain. First of all, sharp pain and bloating may indicate intestinal diseases. Sometimes it hurts in the left side even after overeating or consuming low-quality food. It must be taken into account that one of the kidney diseases can manifest itself in this way. Pulling in the left side also occurs with a number of diseases of the reproductive system. But if there is pain or tension in the left side, a doctor must determine the reasons. Only a specialist clearly understands and determines what is located in the lower left abdomen of women.

The cause of discomfort can also be neurological diseases, in which the pain usually pulsates and shoots.

It happens that pain in the lower abdomen is associated with hypothermia– for example, a woman may suffer from such sensations after her feet are frozen, etc.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the right in women can also be different. Often aching, nagging pain can be associated with diseases of the intestines, kidneys, and during attacks appendicitis, acute pancreatitis. The specialist clearly understands what is on the right and, accordingly, the pathologies of which organs may occur.

Inflammation of the appendages and uterus

If the uterus or appendage becomes inflamed, the disease begins acutely: the temperature rises, intoxication of the body, and pain in the lower abdomen are noted. If a woman adnexitis, there is pain in the lower abdomen on the left or right - on either side. When endometritis There is aching or sharp pain and burning in the middle. If a woman consults a doctor with complaints of pain on the left or right side, the specialist will conduct a vaginal examination. In case of inflammation of the appendages, pasty appendages with sharp pain are noted. If there are complaints that it hurts in the middle, and there is a suspicion of endometritis, a softened and enlarged uterus can be felt, which can hurt on palpation.

Severe pain in the left side of the lower abdomen, as well as on the right or in the middle, is observed during the acute course of these ailments. With chronic endometritis and adnexitis, the pain is aching, dull. There is heaviness in the area of the appendages; upon palpation, the sensitivity of the uterus is determined. If you press in the lower abdomen and then quickly release, the pain will be stronger when you release. Sometimes a woman complains that her rectum hurts.

With such diseases, a woman may feel that there is pain in the intestines in the left lower abdomen and stabbing pain, or that throbbing pain develops precisely there. But it is possible to determine exactly why it hurts on the left only through research. Men should also see a doctor, because only a specialist can determine why pain develops in the lower left abdomen in men.

When prescribing treatment for inflammation of the appendages and uterus, the doctor prescribes infusion therapy, antibiotics, vitamins, anti-inflammatory drugs.

Endometriosis

When manifested endometriosis the uterus, appendages, and also the retrocervical space are affected. This disease is characterized by the spread outside the uterus of cells that look like endometrium. As a rule, in this condition, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen appears before menstruation and increases during menstruation.

If it develops endometriosis of the uterus, it hurts, pulls and stings in the middle below.

During development endometriosis of the appendages aches in the part where the groin area is identified.

At retrocervical endometriosis- behind the pubis.

Painful sensations become more intense, with severe adhesive process in the small pelvis. But with endometriosis, the menstrual cycle is also disrupted, the nature of menstruation changes, and infertility.

In this condition, a woman sometimes thinks that the cause of the spasms is that her intestines hurt. A specialist must determine exactly what may be hurting and make a diagnosis. Endometriosis is treated hormonally, sometimes surgery is necessary.

Ovarian apoplexy

Apoplexy, that is, hemorrhage in the ovarian tissue, develops in women between menstruation.

This disease appears after ovulation. When it breaks follicle, damage to the ovarian vessels occurs, resulting in bleeding into the abdominal cavity and into the ovary. This can happen after an act, after physical activity. With intra-abdominal bleeding, a woman suffers severe bursting pain in the lower abdomen in the place where the damaged ovary is located. Also noted posthemorrhagic anemia, in which the pressure decreases, the skin turns pale, and the woman loses consciousness. In this condition, you need to urgently undergo surgery.

Uterine fibroids

Nagging pain in the lower abdomen is observed when uterine fibroids if the tumor reaches a large size and compresses organs that are located nearby. In this case, the stomach aches and stings, and there is a dull, nagging pain. During development submucosal myomatous node the pain is stabbing, cramping. Bleeding also develops. In such cases, surgical intervention is necessary.

Torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst

This condition can develop as a result of sharp turns, bends, or physical exertion. Why the pain at the bottom in this case is explained simply: if the leg is twisted 90 degrees, the outflow is disrupted venous blood, swelling of the cyst develops. In this case, only a doctor can accurately confirm the reasons why a woman’s lower abdomen is aching.

If a 360-degree torsion occurs, arterial blood does not enter the cyst and, as a result, the pain is sharp, cutting, and sometimes shooting. There is also a picture of an “acute” abdomen: on the side where the cyst is enlarged, severe pain and spasm develop, the woman feels nauseous, and vomiting begins. The temperature rises, the lower back ache. This condition can develop regardless of the menstrual cycle: both in the middle of the cycle and during menstruation.

What should you do if a woman develops this condition? The answer is clear: it is necessary emergency treatment- removal of the cyst, the leg does not unwind.

Appendicitis

The causes of spasms may also be associated with an attack appendicitis. It should be taken into account that this disease begins with an increase in temperature and pain, which is first felt in the epigastrium, and then in the iliac region. In addition, there is intoxication, weakness, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

The pain in the iliac region is sharp, however, its intensity can vary - sometimes it is constant, sometimes it is intermittent pain. It starts in the center, gradually shifts to the right side, intensifies when moving, when coughing, when a person changes body position.

At the very beginning of the development of such symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor, since without timely surgical intervention available peritonitis and then death.

It is important to note that the symptoms of appendicitis can easily be confused with signs of other diseases. It seems that pain in the intestines, bloating, stomach diseases, neurological ailments, and premenstrual colic appear. In some cases, stabbing pain is noted after eating due to overeating. The causes of pain in the lower abdomen in men may also be associated with urological diseases. Therefore, the abdomen must be palpated by a specialist.

Cholecystitis

More often gallbladder inflammation occurs if there are stones in it. The course of the disease is acute - there is a stabbing pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, the temperature rises, the person feels nauseous, and is bothered by itchy skin as a consequence of increased bilirubin. It hurts in the right groin in women, in the lower abdomen, in the right hypochondrium, it radiates to other organs: the back hurts, it radiates to the lower back. The discomfort becomes more pronounced after eating.

For cholecystitis, the doctor prescribes a diet and medications that activate the flow of bile. If the stones are large, there is no other treatment method other than surgery.

Pyelonephritis, cystitis

The causes of such ailments are associated with infection in urinary tract. With an inflammatory process in the bladder, acute pain develops in the groin area, which becomes more acute when urination occurs.

Sometimes it is very difficult for a woman to pee, since this process cuts a lot.

At pyelonephritis the lower abdomen and lower back hurt, as a rule, it radiates to the lower back and periodically pulls the lower back. Your back may hurt. The temperature also rises, sometimes nausea and diarrhea appear. But the most pronounced problems are with urination: women complain that at this time there is a cutting sensation in the lower abdomen. And often the complaint sounds like this: “I periodically pee when I sit down, I cough, it bothers me, if I tensed up, lifted something heavy, or when I pressed.” At laboratory tests Inflammatory urine tests are noted.

Both pyelonephritis and cystitis are treated with antibiotics, as well as nitrofuran drugs

Pregnancy ectopic

At ectopic pregnancy the fertilized egg is implanted outside the uterine cavity (this could be the ovary, abdominal cavity, oviduct). In this condition, a woman with a tubal abortion exhibits periodic pain in the area where the groin was. Paroxysmal pain, as before or during menstruation. If a pipe ruptures, the pain will be acute. In this case, pain radiates to the vagina, is felt in the rectum, in the supraclavicular region. During an attack, bleeding may occur. In case of ectopic pregnancy, menstruation is delayed and the pregnancy test is positive.

In this condition there is a pronounced intra-abdominal bleeding, therefore surgery must be performed immediately.

Pain before, during and after menstruation

Before menstruation

Sometimes pain in women and girls begins to appear already in the middle of the cycle. Before menstruation, stomach ache when algodismenorrhea. Most often, this condition is observed in young girls, due to the establishment of hormonal levels and the development and growth of the genital organs.

The lower abdomen in girls and women before menstruation may also hurt due to other reasons. The following reasons are possible:

endometriosis;
bend of the uterus;
inflammation of the pelvic organs;
premenstrual syndrome.

If you feel pain like during menstruation, but do not have menstruation, and this happens regularly, you need to consult a doctor with such complaints.

During menstruation

Due to the same reasons, girls and women often suffer from severe pain during menstruation. Sometimes the lower abdomen just pulls and ache, but in some cases, menstruation can be very painful. Some women complain that it hurts so much that it prevents them from working fully.

Why such sensations develop during menstruation should be determined by a gynecologist.

Often the reason for this is underdevelopment of the uterus, its incorrect position, inflammation of the genital organs, high level of central nervous system excitability.
It often hurts severely during menstruation in nulliparous women.
Also, a similar condition is observed when using intrauterine contraceptives, which occurs due to the fact that there is a foreign body in the uterus.
During menstruation, sometimes there is pain in the lower abdomen for the first time after abortion, in the first months, when menstrual flow appears after childbirth.
Secondary algodismenorrhea is diagnosed in the presence of fibromatous nodes, inflammatory processes, after undergoing abdominal and gynecological operations.

After menstruation

Only a specialist after an examination can accurately answer the question of why the lower abdomen hurts after menstruation. But most often the causes of such manifestations are associated with endometriosis of the uterus (as a consequence of increased blood circulation in the organ). In this case, your lower back may hurt. If endometrial tissue grows, the ovaries may hurt. If the ovary hurts on the right, the reasons may also be related to endometriosis.

The reasons for such sensations may also be associated with an increase in the size of the endometrioid cyst after menstruation. Discomfort also manifests itself in chronic endometritis. However, you can find out exactly why the lower abdomen feels tight after menstruation only after a special study.

Pain in the lower abdomen during ovulation

Many women are interested in why when ovulation does the lower abdomen hurt and can such a condition be dangerous? As a rule, such sensations develop in the middle of the cycle and do not cause too much discomfort. Women note that their stomach aches as before menstruation. Immediately after ovulation, the lower abdomen and lower back feel tight. Sometimes minor discharge appears in the form of a few drops of blood. During ovulation, as a rule, pain occurs on the sides: left or right. Unpleasant sensations develop in the corner in which the ovary “works” in a given cycle. Less common is aching pain or stabbing in the middle.

This is mainly a physiological phenomenon that does not require treatment. There are rarely complaints that the pain is severe, throbbing, cutting. It makes sense to ask a gynecologist why your stomach hurts during ovulation if this condition occurs regularly and causes significant discomfort.

Pain after intercourse

After sexual intercourse, some women experience unpleasant feelings. This often happens at night. Why and what can hurt depends on many factors.

Often, if in this case the lower abdomen pulls, the reasons may be related to frustration, that is, with moral dissatisfaction. Why the lower abdomen feels tight after sexual intercourse, only a doctor can determine for sure. You can ignore this symptom if this happens rarely in women and the pain is mild. By the way, men can also have a stomach ache after sexual intercourse. And some women claim that they felt pain during conception. But if there is constant pulling on the right or left, you should definitely contact a gynecologist.

Why can women have pain in the lower abdomen and what causes it?

adnexitis And endometritis in chronic form;
adhesive pelvic disease;
endometriosis, and tumor, seal;
chronic cervicitis;
diseases of infectious origin;
vaginal dryness(due to insufficient arousal, with menopause);
damage due to very rough sexual contact.

In medicine, pain sensations arising from different stages sexual contact is called dyspareunia. The pain can be different - sometimes a woman complains that there is pressure, tugging, burning, tingling in the groin area.

Is it possible when thrush The manifestation of pain depends on the intensity of the disease. Thrush – infection, in which discharge appears, which can cause discomfort. In this case, the woman is bothered by itching - itching in the genital area, as well as discomfort in the lower abdomen.

Pain in the lower abdomen during pregnancy

Pulling and later sharp pain left or right when pregnancy may worry if there is a threat of miscarriage, so if a woman is pregnant and has a stomach ache like before her period during pregnancy, you should immediately find out what is causing it.

If there is a threat of miscarriage, cutting, stabbing, pulling pains appear as a consequence of uterine contractions up to 22 weeks of pregnancy. A woman complains that her back ache, sometimes spotting appears, like during menstruation. Whether the stomach can hurt, how severe the pain is, depends on the woman’s condition.

However, during pregnancy almost everyone experiences periodic pain on the right side or pain on the left side. And such aching pains are often associated with the growth and development of the fetus. But still, if a woman has a delay in menstruation and suspects pregnancy, it is better to ask a specialist whose specialty is gynecology about why the lower abdomen hurts.

Pain during pregnancy can be divided into two groups.

Sharp cutting pain may be a symptom spontaneous abortion. But if the left side hurts during pregnancy later, this does not always mean that some problems are manifesting themselves.

The right or left side, as well as the lower abdomen, may pull due to the following phenomena:

Even if a woman has a slight delay, but she strives to maintain the pregnancy, if such feelings occur, she needs to consult a doctor. Those who are already in the middle of pregnancy should also be attentive to such symptoms.

It is imperative to tell a specialist about various discomfort sensations in the abdomen - if the abdomen becomes numb, the legs are cramped, the back hurts badly, etc. The longer such sensations continue, the more dangerous this condition can be.

Therefore, every woman interested in having a healthy baby should be conscious of her health and carefully “listen” to the body.

Depositphotos/CITAlliance

A frequently encountered dilemma is why the lower abdomen may hurt, which is associated with disturbing pain outbreaks in many women. When the lower abdomen hurts in women, many factors can serve as a motivator, for example, the acute stage of the inflammatory process in the abdominal organs, weakened bone spine or problems in the reproductive system. If a woman’s lower abdomen hurts, a spastic contraction of the muscular tissue of certain intrauterine organs can also serve as a driving factor. Infectious and inflammatory development is also not excluded.

There can be many influencing factors that cause pain in a woman’s lower abdomen. Pain is also differentiated by its characteristic features and location.

Determining the possible “root” of the attacks, taking into account the accompanying symptoms, will help eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

Severe pain in the lower abdomen in a woman, accompanied by bloody discharge from the genitals (excluding the onset of menstruation) may indicate diseases of the reproductive system. With such manifestations, it is forbidden to use self-medication; you should seek help from a gynecologist as soon as possible. The doctor will be able to reliably determine the cause of the ailment and establish a diagnosis, as well as prescribe an appropriate course of medication. After all, only a specialist is able to adequately compare all the accompanying signs of the disease. The “pulling” nature of the pain, moving to the pelvic area, which is accompanied by cold sweating or, conversely, increased temperature, indicates an infection of the organs in the pelvis. Sometimes diseases of this system are accompanied by such unnatural discharge from the organs of the reproductive system as purulent yellow or bloody clots. When contacting a gynecologist, it is necessary to clearly explain all disturbing signs.

A woman has severe pain in her lower abdomen, causes

If a woman has pain in the right lower abdomen, and the pain becomes protopathic (continuous) in nature with increasing intensity, there is a high probability of infectious or fungal infection of the appendix, and the diagnosis of appendicitis cannot be ruled out. Such pronounced symptoms require immediate appeal see a doctor for a diagnosis. If appendicitis is confirmed, emergency surgery will be scheduled. Pain in the lower abdomen in girls, which is accompanied by additional symptoms such as:

frequent attacks of nausea and even vomiting;
loss of appetite;
unreasonable fatigue;
drowsiness.

Such symptoms may indicate acquired diseases of the digestive system and require prompt examination by a gastroenterologist. There are times when it hurts to sit down and when moving it radiates to the lower abdomen, which can characterize hemoperitoneum (intra-abdominal bleeding). In this case, the following symptoms will be observed:

pale skin, including mucous membranes;
dizziness, to the point of fainting;
weakness;
low pressure;
cold sweat;
Back or shoulder pain may additionally occur.

Such indicators also require immediate examination by a doctor.

There are examples when a woman has pain in her lower abdomen, and shooting pains appear in the lumbar region, as well as frequent urination, in which macrohematuria (the presence of blood in the urine) is visualized in the urine. This is evidence pathological processes in the urethra. With such symptoms, you need to contact a specialist called a nephrologist.

Pain in the very lower abdomen in pregnant women is a separate issue. If the pain is sharp, or even worse, acute, there is a possibility of an ectopic pregnancy. You need to know that even normal gestation may be accompanied by unpleasant but mild pain. If the pain does not become permanent, then this should not cause unnecessary worry. Nagging pain in the lower abdomen occurs in almost every woman carrying a child. But you should not ignore any discomfort; you need to notify your doctor about this, who, based on other indicators, will accurately determine the source of such signs.

Diseases of the digestive segment (most often the main symptom of diseases manifests itself in the form of problems with bowel movements) and diseases of the urethra of the infectious group can serve as a provocateur of pain. The only thing that will help here is not to miss the moment and timely contact a doctor to prescribe the correct treatment.
If we take into account only the category of pregnant women, then pain is divided into two classes: gynecological and non-gynecological. In the case when premature detachment of the placenta occurs, this pathology threatens miscarriage and causes obstetric pain. To prevent this, a woman must follow a special regime:

Minimize physical exercise.
Elimination of bad habits.
Refusal to eat fatty and salty foods.
Normalization of diet. It is best to eat more often - up to 6 times a day, but at the same time reduce the size of portions.

If the pain does not stop, but on the contrary, an exacerbation is felt, it is necessary to undergo a full examination to determine the exact cause of its occurrence.

When a pregnant woman experiences a malfunction in her digestive system, resulting in pain in the lower abdomen, such pain symptoms belong to the non-gynecological group.

In many cases, a woman’s pain can appear suddenly and also suddenly go away; here we can talk about a chronic disease that was in remission and has now entered an acute phase. This is a signal that cannot be ignored. There is a pain syndrome that is of an uncertain nature - visceral pain. A person cannot indicate its location. There may be a feeling of nagging pain in the groin, the syndrome may change its location, moving to the right or left side.

If pain in the lower abdomen occurs for the first time, it is better to contact a specialist for examination, because an unpleasant symptom can signal the presence of a serious disease and identifying it in the early stages greatly facilitates treatment and affects its positive outcome. Such chronic diseases how ulcers, colitis, gastritis provoke the appearance cutting pain, A acute phase these ailments can serve as one of the reasons for the parallel development of other diseases, which in a complex clinical course of the disease can cause various kinds complications.

Why is timely assistance from a specialist important?

Cold seasons are those periods when women most often report complaints of pain in the lower abdomen. In most cases, the problem occurs due to an inflammatory process in the pelvic organs. A pathological process in the body indicates the acquisition of a viral disease, hypothermia or immunodeficiency - all these factors help to open full access for viruses to enter a weakened body.

50% of women with complaints of pain in the lower abdomen are of reproductive age from 25 to 35 years. Such symptoms are most often recorded during inflammation of the appendages (adnexitis) and uterus (endometritis and cervicitis). An undiagnosed disease leads to progressive pain. Therefore, if a girl has pain in the lower left abdomen, and a pain “response” is felt in the intestines or lower back, you should not put off going to the gynecologist.

When a young girl has pain in her lower abdomen, sometimes an additional symptom may be a nagging pain in the lower back; this may indicate the approach of the menstrual cycle. This kind of unpleasant syndrome is called dysmenorrhea. Mild pain relievers help suppress menstrual pain.

Ailments associated with gynecology, one of the symptoms of which is pain in the lower abdomen, are: uterine leiomyoma, acute and chronic endometritis, salpengitis, etc. Endometritis is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological disease. The inflammatory process begins in the mucous membranes of the uterus and quickly spreads to other areas. Pain syndrome with endometritis is initially characterized by aching in nature, and radiates to the sacral area and lower back. The further course of the disease is acute, which can be avoided by promptly seeking help from a medical institution.

Important facts

It is not uncommon for a woman to have pain in the lower abdomen that is not at all associated with gynecological procedures, such as abortion or childbirth; the cause may be an infectious disease that is sexually transmitted, for example, diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.

During pregnancy, pathological processes that provoke pain symptoms in the lower abdomen are also possible. Such pathogens include ectopic pregnancy, which is characterized by the placement of the fetus outside the normal fetal sac. The pain occurs suddenly, with movement, and has an increasing character. A complication of this disease is a violation of the integrity of the fallopian tube. In this case, the pain is sharp and appears suddenly.

Cystitis and kidney stones can also cause pain in the lower abdomen. Intestinal obstruction is manifested by pain in the umbilical area, gradually descending to the groin.
To summarize, we can say that there can be many reasons for pain in the lower abdomen, so making a diagnosis yourself and self-medicating will be more expensive for your own health than contacting a good specialist. A woman should be able to take care of her own health, because most diseases often carry complications, and such clinical development of the disease occurs only due to incorrect or untimely treatment. Therefore, if pain in the lower abdomen has become a regular unpleasant companion, you should not use the advice of friends, it is better to undergo examination in a specialized medical institution and identify the real reason pathological manifestations. Modern medicine is equipped with a sufficient number of tools for effective diagnosis and treatment of almost all diseases. Do not forget Golden Rule: “Everything is fine on time.” Therefore, measures taken in time promise a speedy recovery.

Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints of patients of all ages. This symptom can be very diverse and multifaceted, since the abdominal cavity contains many internal organs: stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, liver, kidneys, intestines, internal genital organs.

Sometimes, to eliminate a painful attack, it is enough to take an antispasmodic tablet, for example, no-shpa. In other cases, abdominal discomfort may indicate serious health problems that require immediate medical attention or urgent hospitalization.

Abdominal pain occurs due to inflammation of internal organs, possible or already occurred damage. Discomfort occurs as a result of irritation of pain receptors that send nerve impulses to the spinal cord. These signals are then transmitted to the pain centers of the brain.

Types of pain

There are two types of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity:

Somatic(nociceptors), which are located on the peritoneum, mesentery, ureters and bile ducts. They have a high threshold of sensitivity, and even their slight stimulation causes a feeling of pain.
Visceral located directly in the internal organs. They transmit pain impulses only after severe irritation. Typically, visceral pain is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, deterioration general well-being, pale skin.

Abdominal pain may also be reflected character with excessively strong irritation of the organ or diseases of the brain and its membranes.

There are acute, chronic and recurrent pain.

Acute pain indicate the presence of surgical pathology, acute infectious disease or injury. Acute discomfort may last up to 3 months.

acute appendicitis;
acute pancreatitis;
acute cholecystitis;
peritonitis;
strangulated hernia;
acute intestinal obstruction;
tumors;
perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers;
rupture of the spleen, liver, ovary;
ectopic pregnancy;
circulatory disorders of the abdominal organs;
renal colic.

Chronic pain occurs with prolonged illnesses digestive tract or chronic inflammatory processes in other organs.

intestinal infections;
dysbacteriosis;
food allergies;
helminthic infestations;
incomplete intestinal obstruction;
irritable bowel syndrome;
chronic gynecological pathology;
chronic inflammatory diseases digestive tract (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, colitis);
chronic kidney disease (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
gastroesophageal reflux disease;
anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract (hernias, stenoses, cysts);
lactose intolerance, celiac disease.

Recurrent soreness is considered to occur at least 3 times within 3 months.

It is recommended to examine yourself in supine position(on your back), since in this position the abdominal muscles are most relaxed. At this moment, try to fully concentrate on your sensations.

Determine which area of the abdomen hurts the most. To do this, you need to place your palm on the front abdominal wall and carefully feel it with your fingers.
Try to describe the nature of the pain. They can be dull, squeezing, aching, bursting, sharp, dagger-like.
What symptoms are accompanied by abdominal discomfort, for example, nausea, fever, diarrhea. The intensity of pain may increase with movement, coughing, and laughter.
Remember when and under what circumstances the unpleasant sensations appeared. They can occur for no apparent reason, after stress or physical exertion. Think about whether the pain has intensified or whether it has changed its location.

Pain in the epigastric (epigastric) region

May occur with gastritis and stomach ulcers. They usually appear after eating irritating foods (sour or spicy). For peptic ulcer The stomach is characterized by hungry and nightly painful sensations that occur after a long period of time after eating. The pain can be dull, aching, less often acute, radiating behind the sternum and along the esophagus. Dagger pain occurs when a gastric ulcer perforates and is usually accompanied by a disturbance in the general condition of the patient, vomiting mixed with blood, and pale skin. This condition requires immediate hospitalization.

Pain in the right hypochondrium

Discomfort usually occurs after errors in the diet. The painful sensations are sharp, cramping, radiating to the chest and shoulder blade. They are often accompanied by increased body temperature, vomiting bile, and bitterness in the mouth. These symptoms may indicate the presence of cholecystitis. In this case, you need to take an antispasmodic and contact a gastroenterologist for examination.

Girdle pain in the upper abdomen

Characteristic of inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Its exacerbation is preceded by the use of alcoholic beverages or fatty foods. The pain is accompanied by uncontrollable vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, and bloating. If these symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor, since acute pancreatitis can lead to death if not treated in a timely manner.

Pain in the navel area

They appear unexpectedly, they are sharp, cramping. Most often, such discomfort occurs when intestinal colic, he is accompanied by chills and weakness. To relieve a painful attack, lie down and take an antispasmodic tablet. Usually the discomfort goes away after 15 minutes. To prevent their occurrence, it is necessary not to overeat and reduce the consumption of foods rich in fiber, coffee and chocolate.

Pain in the lower abdomen in the middle or on one side

It occurs unexpectedly, sometimes it is very strong, and can radiate to the lower back or perineum. Often accompanied by painful, frequent urination. The attack is usually provoked by drinking large quantities fluid and is associated with the movement of a kidney stone through the ureter. Such discomfort is treated by taking antispasmodic drugs, a warm bath or a heating pad. If the pain becomes very intense and blood appears in the urine, you must call an ambulance.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the right

Characteristic of appendicitis. Discomfort first occurs in the epigastric region, then the pain becomes stronger and moves to the right half of the abdominal cavity. The pain increases with movement, if the patient lies on his left side, and can radiate to the anus. Usually combined with fever, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. If you suspect you have appendicitis, contact your doctor immediately.

Pain throughout the abdomen

If you experience intense pain throughout your abdomen that does not improve with medication, you may have developed inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis). This is a very dangerous disease that requires immediate surgical intervention. Typically, peritonitis is characterized by the following symptoms: weakness, fever, dry mouth, nausea.

Pain above the pubis in the center or on one side

In women, such pain occurs with adnexitis, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Usually they have a pulling character and are accompanied by discharge from the genital tract. Exacerbation of these conditions can be caused by hypothermia or stress. If the above symptoms are present, a woman should contact a gynecologist for examination. If the pain is very sharp, accompanied by dizziness and fainting, this is a reason for urgent hospitalization. Such painful sensations are typical for ectopic pregnancy, rupture of an ovarian cyst.

If you have most of the following symptoms , you need to urgently call an ambulance. Diseases accompanied by such symptoms require immediate surgical treatment, as they can lead to serious complications and even cause death.

Abdominal pain is the first symptom of the disease and is very intense.
Change in behavior: a person becomes lethargic and apathetic.
Painful sensations are accompanied by vomiting.
No stool or gas.
Refusal to eat.
Pale skin, cold sweat.
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are tense.
Increased heart rate, increased body temperature.

If you have abdominal pain of any intensity, you should not take painkillers, as they can reduce and erase the symptoms of the disease and lead to an incorrect diagnosis and incorrect choice of treatment method.

Pain in the lower abdomen in women on the right and left

Organic causes of pain and cramping in women

diseases of the genital area in women (, ovarian apoplexy , uterine fibroids , ovarian cyst , torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst , );
discomfort and pain associated with use intrauterine device ;
acute surgical pathology, diseases of the gallbladder, urinary system (,);
dull, cutting, pulling and other types of pain associated with (threat of miscarriage, colic after medical abortion, premature placental abruption).

Functional reasons

disturbances of the monthly cycle ( dysfunctional uterine bleeding , algomenorrhea );
pain when ovulation ;
stagnation of blood that is released during menstruation ( hematometer , bend of the uterus ).

The cause of discomfort can also be neurological diseases, in which the pain usually pulsates and shoots.

It happens that pain in the lower abdomen is associated with hypothermia – for example, a woman may suffer from such sensations after her feet are frozen, etc.

Pain in the lower abdomen on the right in women can also be different. Often aching, nagging pain can be associated with diseases of the intestines, kidneys, during attacks, acute. The specialist clearly understands what is on the right and, accordingly, the pathologies of which organs may occur.

Inflammation of the appendages and uterus

If the uterus or appendage becomes inflamed, the disease begins acutely: the temperature rises, intoxication of the body, and pain in the lower abdomen are noted. If a woman has pain in the lower abdomen on the left or right - on either side. When There is aching or sharp pain and burning in the middle. If a woman consults a doctor with complaints of pain on the left or right side, the specialist will conduct a vaginal examination. In case of inflammation of the appendages, pasty appendages with sharp pain are noted. If there are complaints that it hurts in the middle, and there is a suspicion of endometritis, a softened and enlarged uterus can be felt, which can hurt on palpation.

When prescribing treatment for inflammation of the appendages and uterus, the doctor prescribes infusion therapy, vitamins, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Endometriosis

When manifested endometriosis the uterus, appendages, and also the retrocervical space are affected. This disease is characterized by the spread outside the uterus of cells that look like. As a rule, in this condition, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen appears before menstruation and increases during menstruation.

If it develops endometriosis of the uterus , it hurts, pulls and stings in the middle below.

During development endometriosis of the appendages aches in the part where the groin area is identified.

At retrocervical endometriosis - behind the pubis.

Painful sensations become more intense when there is a pronounced adhesive process in the pelvis. But with endometriosis, the menstrual cycle is also disrupted, the nature of menstruation changes, and it develops.

Ovarian apoplexy

Apoplexy , that is, hemorrhage in the ovarian tissue, develops in women between menstruation.

This disease appears after ovulation. When it breaks follicle , damage to the ovarian vessels occurs, resulting in bleeding into the abdominal cavity and into the ovary. This can happen after an act, after physical activity. With intra-abdominal bleeding, a woman suffers severe bursting pain in the lower abdomen in the place where the damaged ovary is located. Also noted posthemorrhagic anemia , in which the pressure decreases, the skin turns pale, and the woman loses consciousness. In this condition, you need to urgently undergo surgery.

Uterine fibroids

Torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst

This condition can develop as a result of sharp turns, bends, or physical exertion. Why the pain at the bottom in this case is explained simply: if the leg is twisted 90 degrees, the outflow of venous blood is disrupted, and swelling of the cyst develops. In this case, only a doctor can accurately confirm the reasons why a woman’s lower abdomen is aching.

What should you do if a woman develops this condition? The answer is clear: emergency treatment is necessary - removal of the cyst, while the leg does not untwist.

Appendicitis

The causes of spasms may also be associated with an attack appendicitis . It should be taken into account that this disease begins with an increase in temperature and pain, which is first felt in the epigastrium, and then in the iliac region. In addition, there is intoxication, weakness, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

At the very beginning of the development of such symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor, since without timely surgical intervention it is possible peritonitis and then death.

It is important to note that the symptoms of appendicitis can easily be confused with signs of other diseases. It seems that pain in the intestines, bloating, stomach diseases, neurological ailments, and premenstrual colic appear. In some cases, stabbing pain is noted after eating due to overeating. The causes of lower abdominal pain in men may also be associated with urological diseases. Therefore, the abdomen must be palpated by a specialist.

Cholecystitis

More often gallbladder inflammation occurs if there are stones in it. The course of the disease is acute - there is a stabbing pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, the temperature rises, the person feels nauseous, and is bothered by itchy skin as a consequence of increased inflammation. It hurts in the right groin in women, in the lower abdomen, in the right hypochondrium, it radiates to other organs: the back hurts, it radiates to the lower back. The discomfort becomes more pronounced after eating.

For cholecystitis, the doctor prescribes a diet and medications that activate the flow of bile. If the stones are large, there is no other treatment method other than surgery.

Pyelonephritis, cystitis

The causes of such ailments are associated with infection in the urinary tract. With an inflammatory process in the bladder, acute pain develops in the groin area, which becomes more acute when urination occurs.

Sometimes it is very difficult for a woman to pee, since this process cuts a lot.

Both pyelonephritis and cystitis are treated with antibiotics, as well as nitrofuran drugs

Pregnancy ectopic

When a fertilized egg is implanted outside the uterine cavity (this could be the ovary, abdominal cavity, fallopian tube). In this condition, a woman with a tubal abortion experiences periodic pain in the groin area. Paroxysmal pain, as before or during menstruation. If a pipe ruptures, the pain will be acute. In this case, pain radiates to the vagina, is felt in the rectum, in the supraclavicular region. During an attack, bleeding may occur. In case of ectopic pregnancy, menstruation is delayed and the pregnancy test is positive.

In this condition there is a pronounced intra-abdominal bleeding , therefore surgery must be performed immediately.

Pain before, during and after menstruation

Before menstruation

Sometimes pain in women and girls begins to appear already in the middle of the cycle. Before menstruation, stomach ache when algodismenorrhea . Most often, this condition is observed in young girls, due to the establishment of hormonal levels and the development and growth of the genital organs.

The lower abdomen in girls and women before menstruation may also hurt due to other reasons. The following reasons are possible:

endometriosis ;
bend of the uterus;
inflammation of the pelvic organs;

If you feel pain like during menstruation, but do not have menstruation, and this happens regularly, you need to consult a doctor with such complaints.

During menstruation

Why such sensations develop during menstruation should be determined by a gynecologist.

Often the reason for this is underdevelopment of the uterus , its incorrect position, inflammation of the genital organs, high level of central nervous system excitability.
It often hurts severely during menstruation in nulliparous women.
Also, a similar condition is observed when using intrauterine contraceptives, which occurs due to the fact that there is a foreign body in the uterus.
During menstruation, sometimes the lower abdomen hurts in the first time after, in the first months when menstrual flow appears after.
Secondary algodismenorrhea is diagnosed in the presence of fibromatous nodes, inflammatory processes, after undergoing abdominal and gynecological operations.

After menstruation

Pain in the lower abdomen during ovulation

After sexual intercourse, some women experience unpleasant feelings. This often happens at night. Why and what can hurt depends on many factors.

Often, if in this case the lower abdomen pulls, the reasons may be related to frustration , that is, with moral dissatisfaction. Why the lower abdomen feels tight after sexual intercourse, only a doctor can determine for sure. You can ignore this symptom if this happens rarely in women and the pain is mild. By the way, men can also have a stomach ache after sexual intercourse. And some women claim that they felt pain during conception. But if there is constant pulling on the right or left, you should definitely contact a gynecologist.

Why can women have pain in the lower abdomen and what causes it?

adnexitis And endometritis in chronic form;
adhesive pelvic disease ;
endometriosis , and tumor , seal ;
chronic ;
diseases of infectious origin ;
vaginal dryness (due to insufficient arousal, with menopause );
damage due to very rough sexual contact.

In medicine, pain that occurs at different stages of sexual intercourse is called dyspareunia . The pain can be different - sometimes a woman complains that there is pressure, tugging, burning, tingling in the groin area.

Is it possible when The manifestation of pain depends on the intensity of the disease. Thrush is an infectious disease that causes discharge, which can cause discomfort. In this case, the woman is bothered by itching - itching in the genital area, as well as discomfort in the lower abdomen.

Drawing and later sharp pain on the left or right when pregnancy may worry if there is a threat of miscarriage, so if a woman is pregnant and has a stomach ache like before her period during pregnancy, you should immediately find out what is causing it.

Pain during pregnancy can be divided into two groups.

Sharp cutting pain may be a symptom spontaneous abortion . But if the left side hurts during late pregnancy, this does not always mean that some problems are manifesting themselves.

The right or left side, as well as the lower abdomen, may pull due to the following phenomena:

Therefore, every woman interested in having a healthy baby should be conscious of her health and carefully “listen” to the body.

Pain in the upper abdomen in the middle is a very dangerous symptom, which is a harbinger of the development of various pathologies and dangerous diseases.

Negative manifestations can form suddenly or increase gradually. Some go away in a short period of time, others annoy the patient over a long period. With increasing intensity and intensification of symptoms, you should contact a professional specialist. The patient must undergo a diagnosis of the body and find out why certain symptoms appeared. After passing diagnostic methods, appropriate treatment should be prescribed.

The upper abdomen hurts for various reasons. They are an indicator of all kinds of conditions. Diseases may manifest differently in each patient. Some patients experience more pain, while others experience less pain.

Since pain itself is considered a subjective feeling, relying on just one symptom is not recommended. It is impossible to make a correct diagnosis based only on the manifestations of pain. Therefore it is necessary to take into account individual characteristics body. It is also worth considering that diseases have a specific nature of pain.

Pain in the center (middle) of the upper abdomen is divided into types of pain. They have corresponding symptoms. Patients with certain actions or changes in body position experience stomach pain in the upper middle. Not every person knows what to do and what actions to take.

First of all, it is necessary to determine the location of the pain. To do this, you need to lie on your back and palpate the abdominal cavity. Using palpation, the most vulnerable painful spot is located.
It is necessary to understand what preceded the onset of pain. It is necessary to establish why the negative consequences began to develop. It may be caused by excessive physical activity, nervous breakdowns, improperly selected diet, or consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Next, the type of discomfort is determined. Depending on the symptoms that appear, pain is divided into several categories. Let's look at the most common ones.

It's a dull pain

The aching pain is not expressed by bright intensity. Therefore, most patients call such manifestations the most harmless. They can occur periodically or appear constantly.

It is worth considering that this type of pain indicates the initial development of the disease and negative changes in the body.

Aching pain from above can be caused by poor circulation.
It also appears due to mechanical damage internal organs. They can be obtained as a result of a fall from a height or a strong blow to the abdominal cavity.
Aching pain occurs due to stretching of muscles and tendons of internal organs. The manifestation of unpleasant sensations is influenced by strong inflammatory processes.
The cause may be dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Such diseases include gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and infectious processes.
The pain occurs due to inflammation of the pancreas.
Development may be affected by diseases of the pelvic organs.
Nerve endings in the spine may become pinched, causing pain in the upper abdomen.
The cause may be pathologies of the central nervous system.
Heart pain radiating upward to the abdominal cavity.
Unpleasant sensations in solar plexus irradiating into the abdominal cavity.
Aching pain occurs due to infection of the abdominal cavity;

Acute pain

This type of discomfort is usually called “acute abdomen.” Acute sharp pain requires immediate medical attention. Such patients require surgical treatment.

Acute pain includes a complex clinical signs, which must be confirmed by instrumental or laboratory data. Acute pain can be life-threatening. They appear due to dangerous diseases, injuries or damage to the abdominal or pelvic organs.

Let's look at the most common causes of discomfort:

Sharp, sudden pain can occur when moving or changing body position. It penetrates the ligaments and muscles of the organs. That’s why the common people call it “dagger”. The intensity of this manifestation varies, since each patient perceives the pain threshold in his own way.

Such a negative manifestation may indicate the development of severe pathologies and diseases, life-threatening person.

Such diseases include:

Damage to the spleen;
Epigastric hernia of the white line of the abdomen;
Osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine;
Signs of appendicitis;
Intestinal obstruction;
Chronic stage of enteritis;
Chronic stage of colitis;
Acute diverticulitis;
Intestinal infections;
Intoxication;
Renal colic;

Blunt pain

At the initial stage, this type of discomfort is hardly noticeable. But as pathologies and diseases develop, the intensity of pain begins to increase. It is continuous. It goes away only after using painkillers. It can intensify with sudden movements, heavy lifting, and excessive fluid consumption. Also, dull pain can be the result of sharp, sharp or cutting pain

In this case, the subsiding unpleasant manifestations can last for 12-18 hours.

Diseases accompanied by dull pain include:

Chronic cholecystitis;
Urolithiasis;
Pyelonephritis;
Chronic stage of peptic ulcer;
Stomach cancer;
Pyloric stenosis;
Gastritis, which is accompanied by a reduction in pancreatic secretion;
Increased pressure in the portal vein, which can lead to deposition of blood flow in the spleen. In this case, stagnant enlargement of the organ may occur. The condition is characteristic of liver cirrhosis:

Latent stage;
Subcompensation stage;
Decompensation stage;

Girdle pain

This manifestation is a painful condition that has varying degrees of intensity. The pain may be short-term or last for a long period. The pain can be paroxysmal, surrounding the entire upper abdomen. Unpleasant sensations appear after taking fatty, overcooked or spicy food. Can occur after drinking alcohol.

In this case, patients feel an unpleasant taste and dry mouth, weakness, and increased blood pressure. Repeated vomiting is observed, after which the pain subsides. They separate girdling skin pain, as well as pain emanating from the internal organs. In this case, nerve endings are damaged or diseases dangerous to human health develop.

Pain can radiate to the lower back, spine, and lower abdomen.

Unpleasant sensations may result from the following: negative manifestations:

Gallbladder dysfunction, manifested as cholecystitis;
Impaired functioning of the pancreas in the form of acute pancreatitis;
Ulcerative lesions of the duodenum;
Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
Development of herpes zoster;

Stitching and cutting pain

Such a negative manifestation is considered a signal of the development of pathological processes in the human body. They have different localizations. It can prick both in the upper abdomen and below. The left one may hurt Right side. They radiate to the back, sacral region, spine, thoracic region and hypochondrium. The pain intensifies with movement, improperly selected physical activity, shaking in transport, and stress. But the most important cause of pain is the wrong food. Cutting syndrome occurs due to the consumption of overcooked, spicy, oversalted, burnt food, carbonated drinks, and fast food.

Pain may occur periodically. Therefore, if there is pain in the upper abdomen, then it is necessary to find out the reasons by undergoing a complete diagnosis of the body.

All pathological changes are accompanied by diarrhea and nausea. A person's body temperature rises. Attacks of sharp and stabbing pain can be caused by worms, problems with the genital area, and various inflammations of the gastrointestinal tract. Stitching syndrome appears due to the formation of the following diseases:

Pancreatitis in the acute phase;
Attack of appendicitis;
Inflammation of the pancreas;
Acute or chronic forms of gastritis;
Perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers;
Development of intestinal infections;

Nagging pain

Such unpleasant sensations bother patients for a long period. They do not have a pronounced intensity. But they cause great discomfort. Pain indicates the presence of early-stage pathologies. Can occur due to stretching of the liver capsule or spleen. May be a consequence of sprained ligaments that secure organs in the pelvis. Unpleasant manifestations can radiate to the left or right side, lower abdomen, and back. The stomach, right or left side may hurt. In this case, the patient feels heaviness, increased negative manifestations during physical activity and lifting weights.

The upper abdomen may be pulled due to the development of pathologies and an increase in the size of organs.

The main causes of nagging pain:

Enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy;
Development of an ovarian cyst;
Inflammation of the appendix;
Inflammatory processes in the intestines, including:

Crohn's disease;
Diverticulitis;
Duodenitis;
Enteritis;
Colitis;

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
Prolonged tonic tension of organs;
Chronic prostatitis;
Formation of malignant tumors;
Chronic stage of sigmoiditis;

Features in men

Pain in men occurs when the prostate becomes inflamed. They can provoke the development of the acute stage of prostatitis, urethritis, ascending infections, sexual disorders, physical inactivity. The reasons may be:

Interrupted sexual intercourse;
Rare or violent sex life;
Sedentary “office” lifestyle;
Presence of chronic constipation;
Drinking alcoholic beverages;

Pain may occur behind or above the pubis.

They radiate to the groin, sacrum, perineum, lower back and rectum. They may be accompanied by painful frequent urination. At the same time, a person’s body temperature may rise, weakness may develop, and performance may decrease.

Features in women

If it hurts in the upper abdomen, this may be a consequence of inflammatory processes in the internal reproductive organs - the uterus, tubes, ovaries. Unpleasant manifestations are felt in the upper or lower abdomen in the iliac regions. May be accompanied by intoxication syndrome in the form of:

Chills;
Weaknesses;
Loss of appetite;
Dizziness;
Fever;

The localization of pain occurs above the womb, upper and lower abdomen.

Purulent discharge with blood clots that have an unpleasant odor is formed. Unpleasant sensations can radiate to the perineum, sacrum and lower back. Pathologies include:

Intra-abdominal bleeding;
Ovarian rupture;
Ectopic or ectopic pregnancy;

Stomach hurts when critical days, after blows, falls, complications after a tubal abortion.

In what cases should you urgently see a doctor?

The patient should consult a professional specialist in the following cases:

When the intensity of the pain defect increases;
If there is a weak effect after taking medications;
If there are symptoms of intoxication in the form of diarrhea, vomiting;
With severe sharp or cutting pain during urination;
If there are blood clots in the stool or urine;
If your stomach hurts when moving or changing body position;
If the patient's age is less than 10 and more than 65 years;
If you have received severe abdominal injuries due to an impact, injury, fall from a height, or compression;
In case of sudden acute pain, causing awakening during sleep, insomnia;
In the presence of pain accompanied by fever;
With severe tension in the abdominal muscles, in which the middle of the abdominal cavity is hard and painful. There is a restriction in the respiratory movement of the abdomen;
If it hurts in the upper abdomen, the pain syndrome is accompanied by rapid heartbeat;

The patient can consult a therapist, then contact a gastroenterologist, surgeon, allergist, neurologist, or oncologist. The choice of specialist depends on the developing disease.

Diagnostics

Pain in the center of the abdomen causes patients discomfort and unpleasant sensations, which disappear only after treatment. But before prescribing the necessary procedures, you need to undergo a diagnosis of the body. Diagnostics will help identify the causes of pain. It is very difficult to make a correct diagnosis, since today various diseases are known that cause identical pain syndrome.

First of all, an initial examination should be carried out, during which simple manipulations are applied. The specialist can:

Palpation, which reveals pain, the consistency of the liver and spleen. You can determine whether the pain intensifies when pressed.
Visual examination, due to which increased gas formation, changes in skin tone, rashes and the manifestation of allergic reactions are determined.
Auscultation, through which noise is heard using a stethoscope.
Percussion, with the help of which tissue density and pain in the upper abdomen are detected.

After the initial examination, the patient may be redirected for radiography. The study lasts no more than ten minutes. This research method involves passing X-ray microbeams through body tissue. The method is able to identify:

Malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity;
Formed stones located in gallbladder or kidneys;
Pathology of changes in the spine;
Stomach ulcer;
The presence of abscesses located in the abdominal cavity and liver;
Diaphragmatic hernia;
Developing pathologies in the spine;

Depending on the results of the examination, the patient may be prescribed:

Computed tomography;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
Ultrasonography;
Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy;
Microbiological research methods, including:

Microscopy;
Cultural examination;
Detection of antigens and antibodies;
Polymerase chain reaction;

Clinical and biochemical blood test;
Clinical and biochemical urine analysis;

What medications can be prescribed?

Traditional therapy can be medication or surgery. Tablets or surgery are prescribed depending on the developing disease. If there is pain in the upper abdomen, surgery is prescribed in the following cases:

With peritonitis;
Acute pancreatitis;
Ulcer or cholecystitis, which are accompanied by internal bleeding;
When cancer pathology is detected.

In other cases, drug therapy is prescribed.

Analgesics for pain relief. They are available in the form of injections, tablets or syrups.

Antipyretics that reduce high fever.

Bifidos and enzyme medications that normalize digestion.

Antiemetics.

Anti-inflammatory drugs.

Means that normalize stool.

Traditional methods

Name of the disease	Name of folk remedy	Cooking recommendations	How to take it correctly
Gastritis or inflammation of the stomach	Agave juice with natural honey	0.5 cups of freshly squeezed juice is mixed with 100 grams of natural honey. Stir until the lumps disappear.	Take one teaspoon three times a day. The dose should be taken fifteen minutes before meals. The course of treatment is one month.
Stomach or duodenal ulcer	Potato decoction	Jacket potatoes are boiled until tender. The resulting unsalted water is filtered and cooled.	Take 0.5 cups on an empty stomach three times a day.
Cholelithiasis	Rowan infusion	50 grams of berries are poured with boiling water. Infuse for four hours.	Take one glass 7 minutes before meals three times a day.
Pancreatitis	Sprouted oats	Pour boiling water over oatmeal and simmer over low heat for two minutes. Cool and strain before use.	Take 20-30 milliliters throughout the day.
Crohn's disease	Sea buckthorn oil	Make your own or purchase from a pharmacy.	Take 50 milliliters daily on an empty stomach two hours before meals.

Prevention of the condition

In order to avoid pain, you need to monitor your health and follow simple recommendations:

Stay outdoors more. Oxygen nourishes blood vessels, improving blood circulation;
Watch your diet. Excessive consumption of spicy, overcooked, over-salted, smoked foods should be avoided. You should not consume chips, sweet carbonated drinks, fast food;
Monitor the quality of received products. You should not consume stale food or eat from dirty dishes;
Do not overeat, do not swallow air while eating;
Stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
Do not be near chemical compounds. Do not inhale poisons, steam, exhaust;
When performing medical procedures, follow the rules of antiseptics and asepsis;
Spend more time healthy sleep, eliminate insomnia;

If it hurts in the upper abdomen, this indicates the presence of pathological changes in organism.

Be sure to watch the next video

If painful sensations appear and increase in intensity, you should contact qualified specialist for advice. If there is acute unbearable pain, you must call an ambulance.